第二语言习得理论阅读书目
二语习得参考书
Ellis R. The study of Second Language acquisiton Oxford university press 1994
Larser-Freeman D & Michael H.Long An introduction to Second language Acquisition外研社2000
杨连瑞,张德禄等著,《二语习得研究与中国外语教学》2007
林立主编Second Language Acquisition : Theory and Practice 高等教育出版社2007
Ellis R. The study of Second Language acquisiton Oxford university press 1985 Lightbown P. M & Nina Spada How langugaes are learned 上海外语教育出版社2002 Cook V. Linguistics and Second Language Aciquisition外研社2000
吴旭东《第二语言习得研究—方法与实践》上海外语教育出版社2006
黄冰,《第二语言习得入门》广东高等教育出版社2004
文秋芳.《英语学习策略论》上海外语教育出版社,1996
《第二语言习得研究》王建勤2009第一章
观察、个案、实验 法;长于学习者语 言系统的描写
研究对象 学科归属 研究方法
研究兴趣
心理语言学
第二语言习得研究
对学习者语言系统 关注不多;关注儿 童母语获得心理过 程和机制
语言学习者的语言 系统、习得过程、 习得机制
认知科学
应用语言学
心理学、实验心理 学
通过学习所获得 的语言知识
(监控)
可理解的语言 输入信息
语言习得 装置LAD
习得 语言知识
语言输出
Schumann(1978)“文化适应模式”
• 美国民族事务局的J. W. Powell 第一次使用到 “acculturation”这个词,他在1883 年把“文化适应”定义 为“来自外文化者对新文化中的行为模仿所导致的心理变 化”。而现在我们提到的文化适应,一般是来自Redfield, Linton 和Herskovits 在1936年的定义:“由个体所组成且 具有不同文化的两个群体之间,发生持续的直接的文化接 触,导致一方或双方原有文化模式发生变化的现象。”与 之相对应,已有的文化适应研究主要探讨的就是文化适应 过程对这些新到一个文化环境的移民或者暂居者的影响。
Mclaughlin信息加工模式;联结主义理论
• 认知心理学有两种研究取向:信息加工取向(informationprocessing approach)和联结主义取向(connectionist approach)。信息加工心理学家将人脑看作类似计算机的信 息加工系统, 而联结主义的研究与神经计算的历史渊源有 密切联系, 所以可以认为联结主义者采用的是“大脑类比 ” , 而信息加工心理学家的则是“计算机类比” 。
第二语言习得理论阅读书目
第二语言习得理论阅读书目1. Ellis.R. The Study of Second Language Acquisition[M].Oxford Univ.Press,1994.2. Ellis.R.Understanding Second Language Acquisition[M].Oxford Univ.Press,1985.3.Krashen.S. & T.Terrell., The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the Classroom[M],Oxford:Pergamon,1983.4.Krashen.S. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition[M], New York: PPergamon Press[M],, 1982.5. Brown. H. D. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Prentice Hall, Inc[M],1987.6.Cook. V. Second Language Learning and Language Teaching. Beijing: Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press[M], 2000.rsen-Freeman,D.and M.Long.An Introduction to Second Language AcquisitionResearch. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press[M], 2000.8.Littlewood.W. Foreign and Second Language Learning. Beijing: Foreign Language Teachingand Research Press[M], 2000.9.O’Malley.J & Chamot. A. U. Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. CambridgeCambridge University Press[M], 1990.10.Ramirez.A. Creating Contexts for Second Language Acquisition. New York: LongmanPublishers[M], 1995.11.Seliger.H. & Shohamy.E. Second Language Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress[M], 1989.12.12. Stern. H. Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress[M], 1983.13.蒋祖康,第二语言习得研究,北京:外语教学与研究出版社[M],1999。
世界图书出版公司北京公司语言学电子版书目-中国出版集团公
西方语言学与应用语言学视野~~系列丛书~~第一系列:第二语言习得前沿书系书名:第二语言习得的语言学视角原书名: Linguistic Perspectives on Second Language AcquisitionSusan M. Gass, Jacquelyn Schachter原出版社:Cambridge University Press书号:7-5062-8214-3简介:本书是一部从语言学角度阐述二语习得问题的经典文集,所选文章展示了不同的语言学理论,注重二语习得与语言学理论之间的潜在关系,是研习二语习得的必读书,适合二语习得以及语言学领域的研究者阅读。
书名:探索第二语言心理词汇原书名:Exploring the Second Language Mental LexiconDavid Singleton原出版社:Cambridge University Press书号:978-7-5062-8212-3定价:简介:本书是一本深入研究二语心理词汇的专著,研究主要集中于第一语言心理词汇和第二语言心理词汇的关系上。
本书内容充实,文献综述与实证研究结合,引证前人观点与作者批判分析结合,适合语言学专业和心理学专业的研究生、学者、教师以及其他对词汇习得感兴趣的读者阅读。
书名:第二语言阅读研究的交互模式原书名:Interactive Approaches to Second Language ReadingPatricia L. Carroll et al.原出版社:Cambridge University Press书号:978-7-5062-8217-8定价:26.00简介:本文集所选文章都出自阅读研究领域中知名学者之手。
可使读者了解第二语言阅读模式的研究概貌和开展轨迹。
对从事阅读教学的外语教师以及从事外语阅读教学大纲设计和教材编写的专业人士具有重要的参考价值。
书名:第二语言习得论著选读原书名: Readings on Second Language AcquisitionH. Douglas Brown, Susan T. Gonzo原出版社:Pearson Education Inc.书号:7-5062-8245-3简介:本书为课堂语言教学提供了一批原始的、有代表性的论著,使读者能看到学术研究的原貌,并且为每一篇入选文章提供了研究和思考的指导意见,以提高读者理解和评价研究成果的能力。
二语习得书目
适合于初学者阅读书目:1.《二语习得引论》作者: 穆里埃尔·萨维尔·特罗伊克出版社: 外语教研出版年: 2008-12特点:《二语习得引论》是针对二语习得初学者的实用型入门教材,它介绍了二语习得的一些基本概念,回答了第二语言是如何习得的、学习者习得什么,以及为什么有些学习者比其他学习者更为成功等问题,同时鼓励学习者从语言学、心理学及社会学角度思考二语习得。
每章都包含重要术语列表、小结及供自测和课堂讨论的练习题。
《二语习得引论》适用于语言学、心理学及教育学的初学者及外语教师。
2.《二语习得重点问题研究》作者:文秋芳出版社:外语教学与研究出版社出版时间:2010-11-1特点:本书内容框架:第一章认知派与社会派论战20年第二章显性学习与隐性学习第三章语言输入、输出和互动第四章石化现象第五章语言迁移第六章自动性第七章年龄问题第八章社会文化理论本书针对二语习得领域中的要点、热点和富有争议的问题进行全面、深入的分析和评述。
全书共有八章,每章均以不同意见的争辩为组织内容的出发点,对相左的理论取向和不同的实证研究结果进行分析、梳理和评述,最后介绍或者展望国内外的最新发展趋势。
本书以“rerdders-friendly”为撰写原则,语言简洁明快,阐述深入浅出,易读易懂。
既可作为二语习得课程的教材,又是很好的参考资料,有助于二语习得领域的初学者了解二语习得的关键概念和研究问题,及该领域的学者和研究人员及时把握最新的学科动态,辨明理据,寻找焦点,确定选题。
适合研究型学者使用:3.《第二语言习得研究》作者: Rod Ellis出版社:上海外语教育出版社出版年: 1999-4-1特点:全书分7个部分。
第一部分是背景介绍,主要讨论第二语言习得的研究目标、研究内容和研究方法,并列出第二语言习得研究中存在的主要问题。
第二部分是对学习者语言的描述,主要从学习者的错误、语言习得的发展方式、学习者语言的可变性以及学习者语言的语用特征这四个方面对学习者语言的特点进行了描述,使读者了解习得第二语言的方式及过程。
英语教学法原著选读48:克拉申二语习得五假说之二——自然顺序假说(NaturalOrder)
英语教学法原著选读48:克拉申⼆语习得五假说之⼆——⾃然顺序假说(NaturalOrder)导读:本篇是⼆语习得泰⽃Stephen D. Krashen的著作《⼆语习得原则与实践(Principles andPractice of Second Language Acquisition)》第⼆章“第⼆语⾔习得理论”A节“有关第⼆语⾔习得的五个假说”中的第⼆个假说,探讨的是语⾔习得过程中各学习项⽬的⾃然顺序。
按照这⼀假说,不管教的⼀⽅多么努⼒,学的⼈总是按照⼀定顺序学会语⾔项⽬,从⽐较简单的ing逐步⾛向稍为复杂的s/es、's等。
本⽂⾸发于“武太⽩⾦星⼈”微信公众账号,点击本⽂标题下⽅蓝⾊字选择关注该公号并回复“Krashen”(⼤⼩写没关系,引号不要,请确保单词后没有多余空格)即可收到上⽂图书的英⽂原版全本PDF。
该书仅供个⼈学习研究使⽤,请勿⽤作商业⽤途,并请于下载24⼩时后⾃觉删除。
祝朋友们学习进步!------------------------原⽂One of the most exciting discoveries in language acquisition research in recent years has beenthe finding that the acquisition of grammatical structures proceeds in a predictable order.Acquirers of a given language tend to acquire certain grammatical structures early, and otherslater. The agreement among individual acquirers is not always 100%, but there are clear,statistically significant, similarities.English is perhaps the most studied language as far as the natural order hypothesis isconcerned, and of all structures of English, morphology is the most studied. Brown (1973)reported that children acquiring English as a first language tended to acquire certaingrammatical morphemes, or functions words, earlier than others. For example, the progressivemarker ing (as in "He is playing baseball".) and the plural marker /s/ ("two dogs") were amongthe first morphemes acquired, while the third person singular marker /s/ (as in "He lives in NewYork") and the possessive /s/ ("John's hat") were typically acquired much later, cominganywhere from six months to one year later. de Villiers and de Villiers (1973) confirmedBrown's longitudinal results cross-sectionally, showing that items that Brown found to beacquired earliest in time were also the ones that children tended to get right more often. In otherwords, for those morphemes studied, the difficulty order was similar to the acquisition order.Shortly after Brown's results were published, Dulay and Burt (1974, 1975) reported thatchildren acquiring English as a second language also show a "natural order" for grammaticalmorphemes, regardless of their first language. The child second language order of acquisitionwas different from the first language order, but different groups of second language acquirersshowed striking similarities. Dulay and Burt's results have been confirmed by a number ofinvestigators (Kessler and Idar, 1977; Fabris, 1978; Makino, 1980). Dulay and Burt used asubset of the 14 morphemes Brown originally investigated. Fathman (1975) confirmed thereality of the natural order in child second language acquisition with her test of oral production,the SLOPE test, which probed 20 different structures.Following Dulay and Burt's work, Bailey, Madden, and Krashen (1974) reported a natural orderfor adult subjects, an order quite similar to that seen in child second language acquisition. Aswe shall see later, this natural order appears only under certain conditions (or rather, itdisappears only under certain conditions!). Some of the studies confirming the natural order inadults for grammatical morphemes include Andersen (1976), who used composition, Krashen,Houck, Giunchi, Bode, Birnbaum, and Strei (1977), using free speech, and Christison (1979),also using free speech. Adult research using the SLOPE test also confirms the natural orderand widens the data base. Krashen, Sferlazza, Feldman, and Fathman (1976) found an ordersimilar to Fathman's (1975) child second language order, and Kayfetz-Fuller (1978) alsoreported a natural order using the SLOPE test.As noted above, the order of acquisition for second language is not the same as the order ofacquisition for first language, but there are some similarities. Table 2.1, from Krashen (1977),presents an average order for second language, and shows how the first language orderdiffers. This average order is the result of a comparison of many empirical studies ofgrammatical morpheme acquisition.TABLE 2.1. "Average" order of acquisition of grammatical morphemes for EnglishWhile English is the best studied language, it is not the only one studied. Research in order of acquisition for other language is beginning to emerge. As yet unpublished papers by Bruce (1979), dealing with Russian as a foreign language, and van Naerssen (1981), for Spanish as a foreign language, confirm the validity of the natural order hypothesis for other languages. We will deal with the pedagogical implications of the natural order hypothesis later, I should point out here, however, that the implication of the natural order hypothesis is not that our syllabi should be based on the order found in the studies discussed here, that is, I do not recommend teaching ing early and the third person singular /s/ late. We will, in fact, find reason to reject grammatical sequencing in all cases where our goal is language acquisition. We will deal with this later, however, after we have finished laying the theoretical groundwork.(a) Transitional formsStudies supporting the natural order hypothesis show only the order in which mature, or well-formed structures emerge. Other studies reveal the path acquirers take en route to mastery. (For a review, see Dulay, Burt, and Krashen, in press. Ravem, 1974; Milon, 1974; Gillis and Weber, 1976; Cancino, Rosansky, and Schumann, 1974; Wode, 1978 and Nelson, 1980 are some second language studies in this area.) There is surprising uniformity here as well--acquirers make very similar errors, termed developmental errors, while they are acquiring. For example, in acquiring English negation, many first and second language acquirers pass through a stage in which they place the negative marker outside the sentence, as in:No Mom sharpen it. (from Klima and Bellugi's (1966)study of child L1 acquisition)and Not like it now. (from Ravem's (1974) study of childL2 acquisition)A typical later stage is to place the negative marker between the subject and the verb, as in:I no like this one. (Cancino et al. (1975) study of childL2 acquisition)and This no have calendar. (from Schumann's (1978a) study of adult L2 acquisition)before reaching the correct form.Predictable stages in the acquisition of wh-questions in English include an early stage in which the wh-word appears before the rest of the sentence, which is otherwise left in its normal uninverted form, as in:How he can be a doctor? (Klima and Bellugi, 1966, child L1acquisition)and What she is doing? (Ravem, 1974, child L2 acquisition)Only later do acquirers begin to invert the subject and verb of the sentence. (A detailed review can be found in Dulay et al., in press.)Transitional forms have been described for other languages and for other structures. The stages for a given target language appear to be strikingly similar despite the first language of the acquirer (although particular first languages may influence the duration of certain stages; see Schumann, 1979). This uniformity is thought to reflect the operation of the natural language acquisition process that is part of all of us. (For a discussion of some of the current issues and controversies concerning the natural order hypothesis, see Krashen, 1981.)------------------------读后感教学者有⾃⼰的⽇程,学习者有⾃⼰的⾃然顺序,克拉申⼜说不⼀定要完全遵循这个⾃然顺序,问题来了:咱们到底该怎么办呢?这让我想起了《西⾏漫记》⾥埃德加·斯诺提到的⼀件趣事:红军招募新战⼠,⼊伍的往往都是中国西部、西北部农村⽬不识丁的青壮年乃⾄少年⼈。
第二语言习得导论
第二语言习得导论 ——对外汉语教学视角刘颂浩 著世界图书出版公司前言本书是北京大学研究生院2003—2005年课程建设项目《对外汉语教学导论》的成果之一,旨在介绍第二语言习得的历史背景和研究现状,为读者进一步了解对外汉语习得、从事对外汉语研究打下基础。
对外汉语界与国际第二语言习得界的对话,可能始自鲁健骥教授1984年对偏误分析理论和中介语理论的介绍。
与这两种理论出现的时间相比,这已经是15年之后的事了。
多年来,这一“时间差”似乎没有缩短的迹象。
翻看最近出版的对外汉语概论教材,不难看出这一点。
希望本书的出版在一定程度上改变这一现象!本书是一本入门教材,以“把问题说清楚”为目的,不做繁琐考证。
对于比较陌生的概念,都随文做了解释。
本书的适用对象是对外汉语教师、硕士研究生、高年级本科生,以及对第二语言习得问题感兴趣的其它读者。
全书共分十四章。
第一章“语言、语言习得和语言教学”相当于全书的概览。
第二章“能力和表现”、第三章“语言机能和普遍语法”以及第四章“年龄和关键期”重点介绍第二语言习得和相关学科,特别是语言学、第一语言习得等学科的关系。
第五章到第十章按照时间顺序,介绍先后在第二语言习得领域占据主导地位的核心理论,分别是 “对比分析和语言迁移”“偏误分析”“习得顺序”“中介语”“学习和习得”以及“输入和输出”。
从另一个角度看,第一章到第十章关注的都是“语言问题”。
与此不同,第十一章到第十四章探讨的则是“非语言问题”,包括“注意和记忆”“动机和性格”“策略和方法”以及“社会文化学”。
这几章的顺序多少有些随意。
每一章的题目,同时也是本章的“关键概念”。
对每一章的内容,都以关键概念为中心,有层次、多角度、逐渐深入地加以介绍。
在术语和人名方面,国内学术界已经有固定译名的,比如科德(S. Peter Corder)、塞林格(Larry Selinker)、侧化(lateralization)等,本书一仍其旧。
没有固定译名的,我们遵从对外汉语界的习惯。
汉语作为第二语言教学参考书目
汉语作为第二语言教学课·阅读文献一、教育学、心理学、教师研究、外语教学理论著作陈琦、刘儒德,《当代教育心理学》,北京师范大学出版社,2007。
皮连生主编,《学与教的心理学》<修订本> 华东师范大学出版社,2002。
张庆宗著,《外语学与教的心理学原理》,外语教学与研究出版社,??。
田延明、王淑杰编著《心理认知理论与外语教学研究》,北京大学出版社,2010。
陈新仁,《全球化语境下的外语教学与民族认同》,高等教育出版社,2008。
江新,《对外汉语教学的心理学探索》,教育科学出版社,2007。
**************************************帕克·帕尔默[美]著,吴国珍、余巍等译,《教学勇气——漫步教师心灵》,华东师范大学出版社,2005年10月第一版,2007年10月第五次印刷。
徐碧美[港]著,陈静、李忠如译,《追求卓越——教师专业发展案例研究》,人民教育出版社,2003。
Kathleen M. Bailey,Andy Curtis,David Nunan. Pursuing Professional Development: The Self as Source(追求专业化发展——以自己为资源),董奇译丛主编,北京师范大学出版社,2007。
孙德金著,《对外汉语教师素质与教师培训研究》,商务印书馆,2006。
孙德坤,教师认知研究与教师发展. 北京:世界汉语教学,2008(3).李红印,情商:汉语教师职业发展的重要方面——基于学生和教师反馈的分析(未刊)李红印,谈汉语国际教育硕士培养的四个方面,《国际汉语教育》2010年第??陈绂,对国内对外汉语教学的反思. 北京:语言文字应用(增刊),2006(1)丁安琪,关于汉语国际教育硕士专业课程设置的思考. 北京:国际汉语教育,2009(2).汲传波,刘芳芳,教师的教师:国际汉语教师教育者研究. 北京:国际汉语教育,2009(3). 李泉,汉语国际教育硕士培养目标与教学理念探讨. 北京:语言文字应用,2009(3)刘芳芳,汉语国际教育硕士教学技能训练模式探索. 北京:国际汉语教育,2009(1)***************************************章兼中,《国外外语教学法主要流派》,华东师范大学出版社1984。
二语习得阅读书目
二语习得阅读书目1、牛津应用语言学丛书19本,上海外语教育出版社,重点阅读16本:《第二语言习得研究》The Study of Second Language Acquisition, Rod Ellis《第二语言习得研究》Understanding Second Language Acquisition, Rod Ellis《应用语言学原理与实践》Principles & Practice in Applied Linguistics, G. Cook, et al. eds.《英语教学史》A History of English Language Teaching, A. P. R. Howatt《语言教学的环境与文化》Context and Culture in Language Teaching, C. Kramsch《第二语言研究方法》Second Language Research Method, H. W. Seliger, et al.《语言学习认知法》A Cognitive Approach to Language Learning, P. Skehan《语言教学的基本概念》Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching, H. H. Stern《语言教学的问题与可选策略》Issues and Options in Language Teaching, H. H. Stern 《语言教学面面观》Aspects of Language Teaching, H. G. Widdowson《语言教学交际法》Teaching Language as Communication, H. G. Widdowson2、当代国外语言学与应用语言学文库第三辑22本,外语教学与研究出版社,重点阅读:《二语习得引论》Introducing Second Language Acquisition, M. Saville-Troike《语言教学中的课程设计》Curriculum Development in Language Teaching, J. C. Richards 《成人二语习得中的僵化现象》Fossilization in Adult Second Language Acquisition, Zhaohong Han《语言教学的流派》Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching (Second Edition), J. C.Richards & T. S. Rodgers3、《语言教学的技巧与原理》Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching, D.Larsen-Freeman, second edition, Oxford University Press, 20004、《二语习得重点问题研究》Major Issues in Second Language Acquisition, 文秋芳,外语教学与研究出版社,20105《第二语言习得研究》商务印书馆。
对外汉语教学专业必读书目
对外汉语教学专业必读书目一、专著1、对外汉语教学基本理论吕必松,对外汉语教学概论(讲义),国家教委对外汉语教师资格审查委员会办公室。
(也在1994年至97年的《世界汉语教学》上连载过,可从中国学术期刊网上下载)对外汉语教学概论(修订版),北京大学出版社,2005年7月出版。
吕必松,对外汉语教学发展概要,北京语言学院出版社,1990年7月第一版。
吕必松,对外汉语教学研究,北京语言学院出版社,1993年4月第一版。
吕必松,华语教学讲习,北京语言学院出版社,1992年8月第一版。
吕必松,语言教育问题研究论文集,华语教学出版社,2001年第一版。
吕必松,语言教育与对外汉语教学,外语教学与研究出版社,2005年7月出版。
盛炎,语言教学原理,重庆出版社,1990年出版。
刘珣主编,对外汉语教学概论,北京语言文化大学出版社,1997年6月第一版。
刘珣,对外汉语教育学引论,北京语言文化大学出版社,2000年1月第一版。
刘珣,汉语作为第二语言教学简论,北京语言文化大学出版社,2002年8月第一版。
赵金铭主编,对外汉语教学研究丛书,北京语言文化大学出版社,1997年出版。
赵金铭主编,对外汉语教学概论,商务印书馆,2004年7月出版。
赵金铭总主编,对外汉语教学专题研究书系,商务印书馆,2006年8月出版。
共22本:1、对外汉语教学学科理论研究(4本,中国人民大学李泉教授主编):对外汉语教学学科理论研究对外汉语教学理论研究对外汉语教材研究对外汉语课程、大纲与教学模式研究2、对外汉语课程教学研究(5本,北京大学李晓琪教授主编)对外汉语听力教学研究对外汉语口语教学研究对外汉语阅读与写作教学研究对外汉语综合课教学研究对外汉语文化教学研究3、对外汉语语言要素及其教学研究(4本,北京语言大学孙德金教授主编)对外汉语语音及语音教学研究对外汉语词汇及词汇教学研究对外汉语语法及语法教学研究对外汉字教学研究4、汉语作为第二语言的学习者习得与认知研究(3本,北京语言大学王建勤教授主编)汉语作为第二语言的学习者语言系统研究汉语作为第二语言的学习者习得过程研究汉语作为第二语言的学习者与汉语认知研究5、语言测试理论及汉语测试研究(2本,北京语言大学张凯教授主编)汉语水平考试(HSK)研究语言测试理论及汉语测试研究6、对外汉语计算机辅助教学研究(2本,北京语言大学郑艳群教授主编)对外汉语计算机辅助教学的理论研究对外汉语计算机辅助教学的实践研究7、对外汉语教师素质与教学技能研究(2本,北京师范大学张和生教授主编)对外汉语教师素质与教师培训研究对外汉语课堂教学技巧研究崔永华,对外汉语教学的教学研究,外语教学与研究出版社,2005年7月出版。
(完整word版)第二语言习得概论
第二语言习得概论Rod Ellis 全书汉语翻译引言写这本书的目的是为了全面的解释第二语言习得,我们尽可能的描述理论,而不是提出理论,所以,本书不会有意识地凸显任何一种二语习得的方法或理论作为已经被认可的看法。
其实,现在做到这一点是不可能的,因为二语习得研究还处于初期阶段,仍有许多问题需要解决,当然,我们不可能完全把描述和解说隔裂开来,所以,对于我所选择描述的理论解释时,不可避免地带有我自己的观点倾向。
这本书写给两类读者,一类是二语习得课程的初学者,他们想整体了解二语研究的现状。
二是想明白学习者怎么学习第二语言的教师。
因为是二语习得的初级教程,第一章列出了有关第二语言习得的主要理论观点。
接下来的几章各自阐述一方面的理论观点,然后第10章汇总所有理论以对二语习得的不同理论进行全面研究。
每章后面提供可进一步阅读的参考建议,这可以指引学生进入二语研究快速发展的前沿领域。
但是,应该想到许多读者是第二语言或外语老师,所以本书也应该让他们对课内和课外的二语习得是怎么发生的有一个清楚的认识。
按传统,是教师决定课堂上学生学习什么和按什么顺序学习。
例如,语言教科书就把既定的内容顺序强加给学生学习,这些课本设想书中设计的语言特征出现的顺序和学生能够接受并习得的顺序相同。
同样,教师在制定教学计划时也会这样做,他们认为精选学习内容和把教学内容排序将有利于教学。
但是除非我们确定教师教学计划和学生的习得顺序相符,不然我们不能确定教学内容可以直接有利于学生学习。
教师不仅决定教学的内容和结构,他们也决定第二语言怎么教,他们决定教学法,他们决定是否操练,操练多少,是否纠错和什么时间纠错以及纠到什么程度,教师们根据他们所选择的教学法来处理语言学习过程。
但是,又一次,我们不能确保教师选择的教学法规则和学习者学习语言的进程是相符的,例如,教师可能决定关注语法的正确性,而学习者可能只关注自己的意思是否被理解,不在乎语法是否正确,教师可能关注操练灌输一个一个语言点,而学生却可能整体上把握语言问题,逐渐的掌握在某一相同的时间处理各种语言点的能力,学生所进行的学习可能不是教师的教学法所设想的。
第十章 二语习得理论
theory-then-research
research-then-theory
1. Develop an explicit theory.构建 1. Select a phenomenon for 理论 investigation.研究现象
2. Derive a testable prediction from the theory.提出预测
assimilation
Denativization
accommodation
growth towards an external norm
Hale Waihona Puke Adequate access to input Depidginization First/second language as increasing appro. towards external tafget norm
learner to learn and what causes him to cease learning.
5. What are the two types of explanation ?
( Page 249, Para 3, Line 7)
Schumann distinguishes these two types of explanation, which he refers to respectively as cognitive processes responsible for how SLA takes place and initiating factors responsible for why SLA takes place. Ellis refers to the two types as assembly mechanisms and power mechanisms.
第二语言习得阅读心得
《第二语言习得》阅读心得《第二语言习得》这本书将帮助每一个学习第二语言的学习者了解获得外语的过程,洞察影响语言的因素,同时能够探索语言发展的奥秘。
罗德埃利斯著的《Understanding Second Language Acquisition》是对第二语言习得最广泛的解读。
对第二语言习得进行全方位的解读,是基于对“第二语言”的理解。
埃利斯在书中提到:“第二语言(在该书中)并不意味着与“外语”相区别,“第二语言习得”是泛指,用来指自然习得和课堂习得两种情况。
然而,这两种情况的习得是否有差异仍是一个有待讨论的问题。
”因此,在埃利斯看来,“第二语言”与“外语”假如要有区别的话,应主要在于是否是在“自然”环境下习得的这一方面(束定芳,庄智象2018)。
根据埃利斯的分析,第二语言习得可分为有指导的(课堂学习)和自然的(自然社会)第二语言习得。
那么第二语言习得就可定义为相对于学习者习得的第一语言之外有指导的或自然的任何一种语言习得。
第二语言的习得是一个多变且不可预知的发展过程,第二语言的学习者不是用同一种路径来习得语言。
多语言多文化背景的第二语言学习者在习得第二语言的过程中,使用的认知机制与策略也有所不同;这就考虑到了不同背景下,不同学习者的第二语言习得过程。
第二语言习得的理论包括语言文化适应模式、语言调节理论、语篇理论、语言监控模式、语言变项能力模式、普遍性假说和神经功能理论。
这些理论的研究对第二语言产生什么样的影响?白田(Hakuta 1981:1)对第二语言习得研究的主要目标做了如下陈述:语言习得研究的方针可以描述为力求对学习者的规则系统进行适当描述。
即对学习者任何一个发展阶段过渡语的语言范畴本质进行特征描述。
第二语言习得的理论清晰地阐释了学习者如何习得第二语言以及什么时候习得;经过理论的探讨,语料输入与输出过程有了更为详尽的框架,即解释了第二语言习得的系统规则。
第二语言习得理论对教师的专业发展有着举足轻重的作用;教师应该有相当的理论意识,应该始终关注第二语言习得理论的发展,应该不断吸取相关理论的合理成分,在相关理论的启发下进行有意义的教学。
(完整版)国外著名第二语言习得理论综述
(完整版)国外著名第二语言习得理论综述国外著名第二语言习得理论综述.人类在普通语言学、心理语言学及认知心理语言学领域认识的深入。
自改革开放以来,特别是近20年来,中国对英语习得的研究取得了很大进展,我国心理语言学家、认知心理语言学家(桂诗春、王初明等)在这一领域做出了极其重要的贡献。
但就第二语言习得理论进行综述及较为详细介绍的文章还不多见。
本文旨在通过对国外三家极有影响的第二语言理论进行较为详细的介绍,使我们对国外同行在这一领域所取得的成就有进一步的了解,有助于我国第二语言习得的研究。
1克拉申的“监察模式”(Monitor model)克拉申的“监察模式”在第二语言习得理论中占有重要地位,曾引起外语教育界广泛关注和讨论。
该理论由S.克拉申在70年代后期发表的一系列论文中(Krashen1977a,1977b,1978a,1978b)论述,并在他撰写的几本专著中得到充实和发展(Krashen1981,1982,1985)。
在“监察模式”理论中,克拉申提出著名的五个假设:习得—学习假设,监察假设,自然顺序假设,输入假设及情感过滤假设。
1.1习得———学习假设(Acguisition-learning hypothesis)克拉申认为,成人第二语言习得者用两种不同的方式获得语言能力。
一是习得,即一种“与小孩习得母语过程相同的下意识过程”(1985,1);二是学习,即“一种有意识的学习语言的过程”(1985,1)。
“习得”来源于自然交际环境中有意义的交流。
谈话者注重的是表达意思,而非语法规则正确与否,对语言表达中的一些错误并不有意识纠正。
与此相反,在语言学习中,发现错误并纠正错误是学习过程的重要环节。
克拉申认为区分语言习得与语言学习的尺码是学习者对语言规则运用的有意识程度,而不是语言环境。
例如,在自然语言环境中,学习可以通过向熟人或朋友询问语法规则来获取语言知识。
同样,在非自然语言环境的教室里, 当学生注意力集中在对话、角色扮演、小组讨论等交际活动中时,语言便被习得。
《第二语言习得中的理论:导论》评介
《第二语言习得中的理论:导论》评介作者:桑紫宏来源:《华文教学与研究》2018年第01期[关键词] 第二语言习得;理论;假说;前景[摘要] 简要介绍了 VanPatten & Williams(2015)所著《第二语言习得中的理论:导论》的主要内容,涉及到第二语言习得这门学科自创建以来的十大理论和未来的发展趋势。
在此基础上,讨论了本书对漢语作为第二语言习得研究及教学的启示。
[中图分类号]H195.3 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1674-8174(2018)01-0090-061. 引言《第二语言习得中的理论:导论》第二版(Theories in Second Language Acquisition:An Introduction,Second Edition)一书于2015年由劳特利奇泰勒-弗朗西斯出版集团(Routledge Taylor & Francis Group)出版,主编是美国密西根州立大学著名二语习得研究专家Bill VanPatten教授和美国伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校语言学教授Jessica Williams,一共有17位作者参与了本书各章的撰写,他们均为二语习得各个领域或语言习得理论方面的顶尖学者。
全书共13章。
2. 内容概述本书可分为三个部分,第一部分(第1章)为引论,介绍了理论的性质;第二部分(第2~12章)分别介绍了第二语言习得领域早期理论和目前该领域10大主流理论,负责介绍每一个理论的都是该理论的创建者或研究专家;第三部分(第13章)为结语,指出了目前第二语言习得有待解释的一些核心问题以及未来研究如何超越这10大主流理论。
下面我们对各章内容分别加以介绍。
引言:理论的性质。
作者VanPatten和Williams详细介绍了理论、模型(model)和假说(hypothesis)三者之间的定义及其区别,作者指出科学中各种理论的共通之处在于它们都是对于自然现象的解释,所谓的自然现象即我们日常所观察到的现象。
对外汉语专业阅读书目
对外汉语专业阅读书目一、语言学本体研究(一)通论类现代汉语通论,邵敬敏主编,上海教育出版社,2001年。
《现代汉语通论》教学指导,上海教育出版社,2002年。
《现代汉语通论》参考文献精选,上海教育出版社,2002年。
现代汉语,胡裕树主编,上海教育出版社,1998年。
现代汉语,北京大学中文系,商务印书馆,2000年。
现代汉语,邢福义主编,高等教育出版社,1986年。
现代汉语教程,邢公畹主编,南开大学出版社,1994年。
现代汉语,钱乃荣主编。
(二)绪论类语言论,布龙菲尔德,商务印书馆, 1999年。
语言论--言语研究导论,萨丕尔,商务印书馆, 1999年。
普通语言学教程,索绪尔,商务印书馆, 1999年。
《中国大百科全书·语言文字卷·汉语》,朱德熙。
汉语概说,罗杰瑞,语文出版社,1995年。
汉语如是观,史有为,北京语言大学出版社,1997年。
中国语言和中国社会,广东教育出版社,2000年。
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汉语方言学概要(第二版),袁家骅,文字改革出版社,1983年。
现代汉语方言概论,侯精一主编,上海教育出版社,2002年。
当前我国语言文字规范化问题,吕冀平,戴昭铭,上海教育出版社,1999年。
中国语文现代化百年纪事(1892—1995),语文出版社,1997年。
语言的变化、进步还是退化,徐家祯,语文出版社,1997年。
(三)语音类普通语音学纲要,罗常培、王均,商务印书馆,1981年。
语音学教程,林焘等,北京大学出版社,1999年。
现代语音基础知识,曹剑芬,人民教育出版社,1990年。
生成音系学理论及其应用,包智明等,中国社会科学出版社,1997年。
汉语非线性音系学,王洪君,北京大学出版社,1999年。
语音常识,董少文,上海教育出版社,1988年。
普通话语音常识,徐世荣,语文出版社,1999年。
普通话语音训练教程,宋欣桥,吉林人民出版社,1993年。
普通话音位,吴天惠,湖北教育出版社,1985年。
《第二语言学习理论(第三版)》介绍与评价
快乐阅读AILEYUEDUKFeb. 2016 MAGAZINE 69随着语言科学的发展,二语习得已经成为一门独立的学科,其理论也被广泛接受并应用到外语教学领域当中。
最近三十年以来,研究二语习得领域的专家和学者也日益增多,因此出现了大量有关书籍,而 《第二语言学习理论(第三版)》正是其中一朵奇葩。
该书由Routledge 公司出版,它的第一版和第二版分别在1998年和2004年出版,第三版是2013的最新版本,在旧版本的基础上,第三版增加了二语习得这一领域至2013年为止的最新研究成果。
该书由英国的南浦安顿大学的应用语言学教授Rosamond Mitchell,埃塞克斯大学的二语习得教授Florence Myles 和约克大学的第二语言教育高级讲师Emma Marsden 合著。
本书收集了二语习得领域目前最活跃的主要理论研究,而且在书中以章为单位分别讨论了几大方面的理论,包括语言学、认知和社会语言学等方面的理论。
本文拟对该书进行介绍和评价。
一、内容简介作者写《第二语言学习理论(第三版)》的目的是要给读者提供目前二语习得领域最新最活跃的主要理论研究,而且该书的目标读者很广泛,包括语言学的本科生、外语教育/英语(作为外语)教育/应用语言学的研究生以及从事二语教育的教师等等。
本书共有十章,各章主要内容如下:第1章介绍了重要的概念和重要问题;第2章回顾了二语学习研究的近代史;第3章关于语言学和语言发展方面的“普遍语法论”;第4章关于二语学习的认知法:普遍的内隐学习机制;第5章关于认知法:记忆系统和有意识的学习;第6章关于二语学习的互动;第7章探讨了基于意思的二语学习方式;第8章从社会文化角度来分析二语学习;第9章从社会语言学的角度来分析二语学习;第10章是全书的总结。
作为全书的开篇,第1章介绍了“第二语言学习”(简称“二语学习”)的主要概念和相关的重要问题,使读者对该书的研究范围有一个明确的了解。
作者首先解释了“二语学习”这一核心概念,作者广泛地把它定义为任何语言作为第二语言的学习。
《第二语言习得研究概况》读书报告
《第二语言习得研究概况》读书报告本学期我共读了三本书,分别是:李坤珊的《留学生在华汉语教育初探——汉语作为第二语言习得研究》(2008);王建勤主编的《汉语作为第二语言的学习者习得过程研究》(2006);蒋祖康导读的《第二语言习得研究概况》(2000)。
《留学生在华汉语教育初探——汉语作为第二语言习得研究》和《汉语作为第二语言的学习者习得过程研究》均为近年来在对外汉语课堂教学中有丰富经验的专家学者发表的文章,并按照章节的形式编排成书。
比如王建勤先生编著的书是按照教学的汉语语音、词汇、语法习得过程研究而分类的,让我学习到了许多的案例,学习了在汉语教学过程中应注意到的一些方面。
李坤珊所编著的书中的文章包含了理论与实践,不但从宏观角度审视了当今对外汉语教学的主要趋势,并从微观角度探讨汉语学习者的学习信念与动机、课程设置与教学法、社会环境与文化因素对学习者的影响、教师的专业进修,以及渐受广泛重视的中(小)学阶段的留华教育等多个不同议题。
这本书主要侧重于留学生在华的教育问题。
《第二语言习得研究概况》虽然不是老师所指定的参考书目,但是,是Dia neLa rsen-Freem an和Mi chael H·Lo ng的原著,由蒋祖康先生导读的,所以我通过导读的指导,参阅其他的书目及查找字典,还是利用了大量的时间读完了此书。
通过此本书的阅读,令我受益匪浅。
所以我重点介绍一下我读《第二语言习得研究概况》的心得。
并且通过老师在课堂上传授的内容及我的一些教学经验,谈一下语言输入与二语习得的关系及与教学的关系一作者概要及内容简介《第二语言习得研究概况》是Larse n-Fre eman和Long对几十年来第二语言习得研究的理论和实证调查所做的一次综述性的回顾和讨论。
《第二语言习得研究》读书报告
Book ReportThe Study of Second Language Acquisition (Second Edition)By Rod EllisShanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2014, 1142pp, 78yuanISBN 978-7-5446-3388-8IntroductionProfessor Rod Ellis is the deputy head of the Department of Applied Language Studies and Linguistics at the University of Auckland, NewZealand. He is a leading theorist of task-based language learning. This book is written for two main kinds of readers. One is students of SLA research—those beginning their study of L2 acquisition and who wish to obtain an understanding of the SLA. The second kind of reader is the SLA researcher. With the proposing of the concept ‘interlanguage,’ SLA has become an independent disciplinary and many of its research achievements have been applied into the teaching practice which obtained great effects. As a graduate student majoring in English, learning from this book will benefit us a lot.Main chapter of this bookThis book is altogether 1142 pages which make it impossible for me to read and understand it in one semester, so I choose several chapters that I’m interested in. Now, I will introduce the main contents of these chapters in the following parts:Part one provides the background against which the story is sketched of how SLA as a field has developed to the present day. Beginning with an introduction, Ellis illustrate “what is SLA”in chapter one by presenting a number of case studies. He then provides a framework within which he explores the field. This is the chapter that not only sets the tone but also lays out the blueprint for what the ensuing chapters follow.Part three and part four are concerned with how SLA is explained. Ellis first addresses the external factors to be considered in Chapter 6 and 7. Chapter 6 examines the relationship of input and interaction to SLA, where the methods employed (e.g. descriptive methods, experimental methods, self-report methods, and introspective methods) for investigating input and interaction are reviewed and relevant findings on L1 and L2 acquisition are discussed. When he moves on toelaborate on the social aspects of SLA in chapter7, Ellis put emphasis on major recent theoretical expositions, including the inter-group models, language socialization and so on. In this part, I mainly focus on the learning of chapter 9. Key concepts in sociocultural theory such as mediated learning, mediation through social interaction, private speech and new development in SLA research, including corrective feedback, collaborative dialoguing, and metatalk, which are essential to activity theory, are all new perspectives to the conventional SLA researchers and are covered in this chapter.Part five has only one chapter and readers will enjoy some light-heated reading in the less technical nature of the content as well as its closer relationships to classroom practice. Individual learner differences such as intelligence, working memory, language aptitude, learning style, personality, motivation, anxiety, learning strategy, and the relatively new addition to the field, willingness to communicate, along with learning strategies, are addressed in chapter 13. Despite the unequal weightings given to the different factors, Ellis has been very successful in updating reader on how the research community takes stock of research on “willingness to communicate” by looking at its situated and dynamic nature.The above are the chapters I focused on in this semester, other parts of this book mainly concerned with the cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects which are beyond my current understanding level, so I hope I can finish the reading of this book in the next semester.The evaluation of this bookAs to the general design of this book, it is reader-friendly inn penmanship and lucidity in exposition. Its clear organization makes it possible for the readers to catch the main point of each chapter. The unique feature of this book is that it takes stock of current thinking and it does n’t evaluate the stand or fall of any kind of point of view. The author’s macro-view of SLA requires from readers a deeper level of intellectual engagement and critical thinking about what and how the SLA should be, as Ellis approaches these theories by subjecting all of them to relatively unbiased scrutiny.In one word, frequently written and systematically presented, with many tables summarizing research findings in various chapters, people no matter what level you are can definitely learn and benefit a lot from this book.Gains and reflectionAfter reading this book, I really learned a lot from it. First, I have a better understanding on the current research status of second language acquisition abroad as well as the up-to-date research trends. Second, I learned a lot of research methods from it which is useful for me to conduct my research. Finally, I make clear my future research direction. At the same time, I can’t help thinking why China doesn’t have any books which enjoy the international influence.The research of SLA abroad started back in 1960s. The whole development experienced the following stages: contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage, morpheme acquisition, UG and SLA, linguistic typology, corpus linguistics. However, the SLA research started rather late in China. Though great achievements have been achieved, little of them have been applied to the teaching practice. In a word, nowadays, the research trends focus on studying SLA from the perspective of cognition and using the research method of corps.As to the research method, 高一虹once conducted a survey. The research result is that in Chinese journals, the experimental research only takes 22 percent while 57 percent in English journals which shows a big gap. In SLA research, the method can be classified into two categories: qualitative research and quantitative research. The former includes case study, naturalistic observation, introspective or diary studies. The later consists of experiment study, correlational study and survey. When we conduct research, we should choose the most appropriate methods according to different situations. Nowadays, it is better to combine the qualitative research with the quantitative research together so as to obtain great achievements.During the process of reading this book, I find that I am extremely interested in the relationship between individual differences and second language acquisition. It is commonly believed that the level of the second language a child can reach not only influenced by all kinds of situations and classroom teaching methods, but also affected by individual differences, which includes age, aptitude, motivation, attitude, personality, leaning style and so on. On my point of view, learning is our own thing. Only when a student really wants to work hard from deep of his heart can he finally achieve success in learning. As a matter of fact, the study on the relationship betweenindividual differences and SLA is of great significance. The researchers of individual differences emphasize its importance so in their research design, they often focus on finding out the marked differences between SLA learners. However, the theories and researches of SLA put their attention on the situations, input and learning process and ignore the function of individual differences. Though Ellis has listed many factors which have influence on SLA, the problem is that the current research still can not work out how these factors affect the path and rate of SLA. All these factors are an integrated one which we cannot artificially divide them when doing research. During my graduate studies, my goal is trying to find out how these factors affect SLA and applying my research achievements into teaching practice so as to improve the teaching effectiveness and contribute a little to the course of China’s education.My future career plan is to be a secondary school English teacher, so what I learned and researched at present will definitely be beneficial for me in my future work. Teacher is a glorious career which is of heavy responsibility. We often say that we can not change others but we change ourselves. However, it is a teacher that can change a person’s whole life. I am the one who was deeply influenced by my university teacher. Unlike other teachers in the university who devote themselves into scientific research in order to get professional titles, he is a person who really like classroom teaching and wholeheartedly for the students' benefit. I think I have acquired the basic qualities a qualified teacher should have from him.From this book, I learned that a teacher can help the students to improve their academic performance from the following aspects: first, the teacher should exchange his teaching methods so as to make his classes lively and interesting. Second, set the example for the students and establish a harmonious relationship with students, by doing so, the students’motivation in learning a foreign language can be improved. Finally, teachers should treat every student equally without discrimination. Since we know there are differences between individuals, our teachers should take both the inferior and top students into consideration, trying to find the shinning point of them. If possible, the teachers can try to teacher students in accordance of their aptitude. Although difficult, it is quite possible to achieve this if a teacher can put his heart into applying their principles into teaching practice.Another thing which impressed me deeply after reading the book is that in foreign countries, the starting point of the research is from ones interest or actual requirement. So in this book, Ellis doesn’t judge the merit of any research. Whatever is reasonable for being. Even the same research can have the different results. However, in China, we are confined by many things. Whether the research is easy to conduct? Whether the research is cater to the mainstream? Rarely will appear such circumstance that a student’s research result is opposite to a master in this field. We always advocate innovation and creativity. Under this environment, when will the society actually achieve this final goal?As has been said above, I have to admit that my book report is a little bit disorderly and unsystematic, but it is really what I have learned and though after reading the book. We can not change the society, but I can change myself, I hope that my future research can really be helpful to China’s education, even if a little, I will still get full of sense of accomplishment.。
汉语国际教育专业必读书目(1-4年级)精选全文完整版
《汉语语法难点释疑》,郑懿德等,华语教学出版社,1992。
《汉外语言文化对比与对外汉语教学》,赵永新主编,北京语言文化大学出版社,1997。
《语言教学——从语法到语法技能》,[美]Diane Larsen-Freeman,北京师范大学出版社,2007。
《实用现代汉语语法》,刘月华潘文娱故韡,商务印书馆(北京),2000。工具类
《新视角汉语语法研究》,赵金铭主编,北京语言文化大学出版社,1997。
《实用汉语语法》,房玉清,北京语言学院出版社,1992。
《汉语声调语调阐要与探索》,郭锦桴,北京语言学院出版社,1993。
《语法研究入门》,吕叔湘等著,马庆株编,商务印书馆(北京),1999。
《语言研究中的统计方法》,陈小荷等译,北京语言文化大学出版社,2000。
《汉英应用对比概论》,熊文华,北京语言文化大学出版社,1997。
《语言学百问和硕博指南》,侯国金,四川来自学出版社,2009.四年级
《语言测验理论与实践》,张凯,北京语言文化大学出版社,2002。
《标准参照测验理论研究》,张凯,北京语言文化大学出版社,2002。
《语言学方法论》桂诗春、宁春岩,外语教学与研究出版社,1997.
《用语料库研究语言》,[英]托马斯(Thomas, J.)主编,外语教学与研究出版社,2001。
《对外汉语教学实用语法》,卢福波,北京语言学院出版社,1996。
《汉语功能语法研究》,张伯江方梅,江西教育出版社,1996。
《对外汉语教学设计导论》,崔永华,北京语言大学出版社,2008。
《汉语语音教程》,曹文,北京语言文化大学出版社,2002。
《汉语语法教程》,孙德金,北京语言文化大学出版社,2002。
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第二语言习得理论阅读书目
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Oxford:Pergamon,1983.
4.Krashen.S. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition[M], New York: P
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5. Brown. H. D. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Prentice Hall, Inc[M],
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6.Cook. V. Second Language Learning and Language Teaching. Beijing: Foreign Language
Teaching and Research Press[M], 2000.
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Research. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press[M], 2000.
8.Littlewood.W. Foreign and Second Language Learning. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching
and Research Press[M], 2000.
9.O’Malley.J & Chamot. A. U. Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge
Cambridge University Press[M], 1990.
10.Ramirez.A. Creating Contexts for Second Language Acquisition. New York: Longman
Publishers[M], 1995.
11.Seliger.H. & Shohamy.E. Second Language Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University
Press[M], 1989.
12.12. Stern. H. Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University
Press[M], 1983.
13.蒋祖康,第二语言习得研究,北京:外语教学与研究出版社[M],1999。
14.第二语言习得中的社会文化因素,长沙:湖南人民出版社[M],2003.。