医学微生物学试题及答案

一、选择题(每题1分,共30分)

A型题: 每一考题有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案，请从中选择一个最佳答案填入题干后括号内。

1．细菌的革兰染色性主要决定于：( )

A．核质结构B．细胞壁结构C．细胞膜结构

D．磷壁酸的有无E．中介体的有无

2．溶原性细菌是指：( )

A．带有前噬菌体基因组的细菌B．带有毒性噬菌体的细菌

C．带有温和噬菌体的细菌D．带有R质粒的细菌

E．带有F质粒的细菌

3．能引起内毒素性休克的细菌成分是：( )

A．肽聚糖B．磷壁酸C．LPS D．菌体抗原E．荚膜多糖

4．关于顿挫感染，下列叙述中哪项正确( )

A. 因宿主细胞内有相应抑制物

B. 因宿主细胞DNA有关基因激活

C. 因宿主细胞缺乏有关酶

D. 因感染病毒有核酸缺失

E. 因感染病毒抗原性转变

5．细菌芽胞特有的、并与其高度耐热性有关的成分是：( )

A．磷脂B．肽聚糖C．磷壁酸

D．二氨基庚二酸E．吡啶二羧酸

6．下列哪种实验可用来检测致癌物质( )

A．Ames test B．transformation test

C．fluctuation test D．replica plating test

E．Widal test

7．杀灭包括芽胞的所有微生物的方法称作：( )

A．消毒B．无菌C．灭菌D．灭活E．防腐

8. 下列无芽胞的细菌中，抵抗力最强的是: ( )

A. 乙型溶血性链球菌

B. 金黄色葡萄球菌

C. 淋病奈瑟菌

D. 肺炎球菌

E. 脑膜炎奈瑟菌

9. 下列哪项不是病毒在细胞内增殖的指标( )

A. 细胞病变效应

B. 红细胞吸附

C. 细胞代谢的改变

D. 干扰现象

E. 细胞培养液混浊

10．霍乱弧菌能粘附定植于小肠粘膜上皮细胞是因为具有：( )

A．鞭毛B．ＬＴＡC．菌毛D．Ｋ抗原E．Ｖｉ抗原11．对青霉素产生耐药性的最常见的细菌是：( )

A．Streptococcus B．Staphylococcus C．Meningococcus

D．Gonococcus E．Pneumococcus

12．分枝杆菌属最突出的特点是：( )

A．胞壁含大量脂质B．无特殊结构C．呈分枝生长

D．一般不易着色E．抗盐酸乙醇脱色

13. 下列哪种物质与结核结节和干酪样坏死有关( )

A．分枝菌酸B．蜡质ＤC．磷脂

D．索状因子E．硫酸脑苷脂

14．下列哪种细菌不会引起食物中毒：( )

A. 鼠伤寒沙门菌

B. 志贺菌

C. 蜡样芽胞杆菌

D. 希氏沙门菌

E. 产肠毒素的金黄色葡萄球菌

15．从有正常菌群存在的部位所采取的标本应接种在哪种培养基中分离培养病原菌( )

A．增菌培养基B．营养培养基C．选择鉴别培养基

D．基础培养基E．特殊培养基

16．衣原体与病毒的相同点是：( )

A．含有RNA和DNA B．有核糖体C．严格细胞内寄生

D．二分裂方式繁殖E．对抗生素敏感

17．新生隐球菌致病物质主要是：( )

A．荚膜多糖B．芽生孢子C．细胞壁

D．假菌丝E．侵袭性酶

18．真菌的假菌丝是由哪种孢子延长而形成的( )

A．芽生孢子B．大分生孢子C．小分生孢子

D．关节孢子E．厚膜孢子

19．The main infection source of epidemic type B encephalitis virus is: ( )

A. patient

B. health carrier

C. young pig

D. culicine（库蚊）

E. louse 20．The main type of infection caused by Poliovirus is：( )

A．inappareent infection B．acute infection C．chronic infection

D．latent infection E．slow virus infection

21．At an office visit, a 38-year-old man complains of jaundice黄疸, dark urine, anorexia厌食, abdominal pain, and malaise不适. Serologic tests are positive for both HBeAg and HBsAg. Which statement most accurately describes the virus responsible for these findings ( )

A. Its genome is a messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes a polyprotein.

B. Its genome is linear double-stranded DNA.

C. Its genome is RNA, but it replicates through a DNA intermediate.

D. Its replication requires a helper virus.

E. Its replication requires an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

22. Which step in viral replication is inhibited by protease inhibitor ( )

A. Penetration

B. Uncoating

C. Transcription

D. Replication

E. Viral assembly

23. A 48-year-old man has been receiving blood products for hemophilia血友病since childhood. He is now suffering from a low-grade fever, weight loss, thrush鹅口疮, serious bouts of diarrhea, and symptoms of pneumonia. A deficiency in the production of which substance would be most pronounced in this patient ( )

A. Complement components

B. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

C. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)

D. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

E. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

24．A neonate is born with a small head, intracerebral calcification脑内钙化, rash, and swollen liver and spleen. Cells with a basophilic nuclear inclusion body are obtained from the patient’s urine, which condition describes the most prevalent consequenence of adult infection with this agent ( )

A. Immunosuppression and susceptibility to opportunistic diseases

B. Mild arthritic condition with a fine lacy rash

C. Mononucleosis with production of antibody to sheep red blood cells

D. No serious, definable disease symptoms