12 L1&L2灯具安装节点图
角钢理论重量及表面积
0.55 0.549 0.63 0.63 0.629 0.629 0.71 0.709 0.709 0.708 0.788 0.788 0.787 0.787 0.785 0.08 0.079 0.102 0.101 0.127 0.127 0.143 0.143 0.161 0.16 0.181 0.18 0.18 0.202 0.202 0.201 0.201 0.226 0.225 0.225
29.49 33.393 24.729 29.391 33.987 38.518 33.159 38.383 43.542 48.634 42.894 48.68 54.401 60.056 71.168 0.912 1.176 1.171 1.522 1.484 1.936 1.687 2.203 1.908 2.494 2.153 2.818 3.466 3.185 3.92 4.638 5.339 3.574 4.403 5.215
6.011 4.808 5.699 7.431 9.098 5.005 5.935 6.848 7.745 5.661 6.717 7.756 8.799 7.55 8.722 9.878 12.142 8.35 9.656 10.946 13.476 8.35 9.656 10.946 13.476 11.066 12.551 15.474 18.33 14.16 17.475 20.724 23.908 19.872 23.592
L140*14 L140*16 L160*10 L160*12 L160*14 L160*16 L180*12 L180*14 L180*16 L180*18 L200*14 L200*16 L200*18 L200*20 L200*24 L25*16*3 L25*16*4 L32*20*3 L32*20*4 L40*25*3 L40*25*4 L45*28*3 L45*28*4 L50*32*3 L50*32*4 L56*36*3 L56*36*4 L56*36*5 L63*40*4 L63*40*5 L63*40*6 L63*40*7 L70*45*4 L70*45*5 L70*45*6
Lecture12-Language Acquisition
• Definition of “second language” (L2):
– Any language other than the first language learned (in a broader sense). – A language learned after the first language in a context where the language is used widely in the speech community (in a narrower sense). • e.g., For many people in Taiwan, their L1 is Taiwanese and L2 is Mandarin.
1) imitation (word-for-word repetition)
2) practice (repetitive manipulation of form)
3) feedback on success (positive reinforcement) 4) habit formation.
杆端轴承
JF3/16 16.5 3/16
13
570
10-32 17 6
8 7.7 35 4 26.5 14 9 11 9 0.5
11.11
0.7283 0.2657 0.3543 0.3543 1.5433 0.1969 1.1811 0.5512 0.4331 0.5118 0.3937 0.0197 0.5000
0.5
28.5
2,550
1.8110 0.7086 0.9843 0.9409 4.0551 3.1496 1.8503 0.0197
1.3582
JM3/4 340 3/4 3/4×16
15
46
18
25 23.9 103
80
47
0.5
34.5
3,550
2.0472 0.7874 1.1024 1.0157 4.4094 3.3858 2.0078 0.0197
10 71.5 36 27 31 25 0.5 15 11 78 40 30 34 27.5 0.5 15 12 84 43 32 37 30 0.5 15
28.5
31.6 34.5 38.1
2,550
3,000 3,500 4,200
60 22 31 29.8 124 12 94 50 36 42 33.5 0.5 15
0.6250
JM5/16 32 5/16 5/16×24
13
700
23
9
12 10.4 54 42.5 25
0.5
15.87
JM3/8
1.0629 0.4133 0.5512 0.5078 2.4409 1.9094 1.1417 0.0197
12厘柱子钢筋搭接长度规范表
12厘柱子钢筋搭接长度规范表
12的钢筋一般采用绑扎，绑扎搭接长度分受拉区和受压区，受拉区
40d、受压区35d。
一级钢筋手工绑扎：L1=4970mm，L2=5895mm。
二级钢筋闪光对焊焊接：L1=4700mm，L2=5625mm。
二级钢筋双面搭接焊接：L1=4720mm，L2=5645mm。
钢筋搭接
两根钢筋相互有一定的重叠长度，用扎丝绑扎的连接方法，适用于较
小直径的钢筋连接。
一般用于混凝土内的加强筋网，经纬均匀排列，不用
焊接，只须铁丝固定。
当受拉钢筋的直径d>25mm及受压钢筋直径d>28mm时候，不宜采用绑
扎搭接接头(2022版新《混规》对这两个数据作出了更严格的要求，旧规
范定的是：28mm和32mm)钢筋的搭接长度一般是指钢筋绑扎连接的搭接长度，也有是不严格的指钢筋焊接的焊缝长度。
在混凝土凝固过程中易受扰动时（如采用滑升模板和爬升模板等方式
施工），其最小搭接应按相应数值乘以系数1、1取用；对末端采用机械
锚固措施的带肋钢筋，其最小搭接可按相应数值乘以系数0。
7取用。
当带肋钢筋混凝土保护层厚度大于搭接钢筋直径的三倍且配有箍筋时，其最小搭接可按相应数值乘以系数0。
8取用。
中枢神经系统的解剖
图片欣赏2
美国哈佛大学的吉恩.里维特（Jean Livet）利用共焦显微技术（confocal microscopy），
拍摄一只基因工程小鼠的脑干组织切片（厚340微米），由于经过基因改造，小鼠的每个
神经细胞都呈现出不同颜色。
环球科学2008.1
中枢神经系统脑之脑干
腹面观与背面观
红核（↓）→红核脊髓束 黑质（↓）→黑质脊髓束
2）白质（投射纤维）：
1]上行束： 内侧丘系（来源于薄束核与楔束核，延髓交叉，止于背侧丘脑）
传导对侧肢体本体和精细触觉 脊髓丘系 （脊髓丘脑束，止于背侧丘脑）
传导对侧肢体浅感觉 三叉丘系 （起源于三叉神经核团，止于背侧丘脑）
传导头面部皮肤、眼、口和鼻腔粘膜的浅感觉 外侧丘系 （起源于蜗神经核，止于下丘）
20 额上回
1 胼胝体 2 透明隔 3 穹窿 4 胼胝体膝 7 前连合 9 下丘脑 10 视交叉 11 视神经 12 嗅球 13 动眼神经 14 脑桥 15 延髓 16 脊髓 18 丘脑 20 松果体 21 四叠体 22 大脑导水管 24 第四脑室 26 小脑蚓部 27 小脑半球 30 中央管
海马锥体细胞层(Golgi染色)
2 小脑上脚 3 第四脑室室顶 5 小脑下脚 6 小脑中脚 7 中间神经 8 位听神经 9 第四脑室外侧隐涡 11 第四脑室脉络丛 12 山顶 13 顶前裂 14 方叶 15 中央叶 17 小脑小舌 18 原裂 19 单叶 20 后上裂 21 上半月叶 22 绒球脚 23 绒球 24 水平裂 25 下半月叶 2 6 锥前裂 28 二腹前裂 29 二腹叶 31 次裂 32 小脑扁桃体 33 小结 34 后外侧裂 35 蚓垂
背面观
视神经 动眼神经 三叉神经
常用GPS技术指标
常用GPS技术指标一、M-12尺寸(cm)： 7.6 高×18.5宽×21长重量：1.7 kg作业模式：静态、动态、准动态通道数：12通道，L1单频精度：静态或快速静态精度：5mm+1ppm实时动态：水平 10mm+2ppm二、Z-12合理的一体化设计，主机、数据卡和电池一体化。
尺寸(cm)： 7.6 高×18.5宽×21长重量：1.7 kg作业模式：静态、动态、准动态通道数：12通道，L1/L2双频精度：静态或快速静态精度：5mm+1ppm实时动态：水平 10mm+2ppm专利技术：1）Z-跟踪技术：信噪比提高13分贝，增强了抗干扰能力。
2）边缘相关技术：有效的抑制了多路径的影响。
三、LEICA 9500主要技术指标：双频 12通道RTK基本参数：启动：＜60秒（从打开电源到开始测量最近一个历元）跟踪：L1 C/A码，L1/L2全波相位，P码加密时仍可工作通道：12静态测量：方式：快速启动，静态，快速静态精度：±5mm+1ppm 动态测量：方式：连续，走走停停精度：±1cm+2ppm实时测量：方式：RTK 精度：±1cm+2ppm方式：RTD 精度：0.3m+2ppm RMS四、TRIMBLE 4700主要技术指标：基本参数：启动：＜30秒（从打开电源到开始测量最近一个历元）跟踪：L1 C/A码，L1/L2全波相位，P码加密时仍可工作通道：18初始化：方式：自动时间：＜1分钟（标准），＜10秒（已知点或RTK初始化）可靠度：≥99.9%静态测量：方式：快速启动，静态，快速静态精度：水平：±5mm+0.5ppm 垂直：±5mm+1ppm方位角：±1″+5/基线长度（km）动态测量：方式：连续，走走停停精度：水平：±1cm+1ppm 垂直：±2cm+1ppm实时测量：方式：RTK 精度：水平：±1cm+1ppm 垂直：±2cm+1ppm模式：1Hz 延时：0.4秒方式：RTD 精度：0.2m+1ppm RMS五、MX-412技术指标：GPS跟踪方式：12通道连续跟踪载波相位测量平滑L1C/A 码RBN跟踪方式：双通道信标接收机，283.5kHz～325kHz 外部DGPS输入：RTCM SC-104格式精度：DGPS 点位：＜1m RMS 速度：0.056m/s 更新率：1Hz六、MX-420接收机类型：L1单频，C/A码，12个平行接收通道灵敏度：-143 dBM 天线：内置单频低噪声天线DGPS指向标信号接收机/天线接收频率：283.5～325 kHz, 步长为500Hz最小接收信号：15 V/m 动态范围：90 dB台站选择：主接收通道可进行自动或人工选台相邻台信号的拒绝阈：40 dB (500 Hz)接收天线：徕卡专利(申报中)超环面结构的H场效DGPS 精度指标（3时段(5分钟)平差值）收到DGPS信号时：优于±1m (rms)收不到DGPS信号时：优于±3m (rms)点位更新速率：1 Hz输出信息 NMEA格式的GGA七、DML-212该系列12通道GPS接收机采用Trimble最先进的技术以提供亚米级的精度。
江苏省南通市海安高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考物理试题(含答案)
物理一、单项选择题：共10题，每题4分，共40分. 每题只有一个选项最符合题意.1.为了行驶安全，司机通常会在弯道处减速，防止出现侧滑. 下列图中能表示汽车减速通过弯道过程某处瞬时速度v和加速度a方向关系的是（）A. B. C. D.2.奥运会比赛项目撑杆跳高如图所示，下列说法不正确的是（）A.加速助跑过程中，运动员的动能增加B.起跳上升过程中，杆的弹性势能一直增加C.起跳上升过程中，运动员的重力势能增加D.越过横杆后下落过程中，运动员的重力势能减少动能增加3.如图所示，某滑雪爱好者经过M点后在水平雪道滑行，然后滑上平滑连接的倾斜雪道，当其达到N点时速度如果当0，水平雪道上滑行视为匀速直线运动，在倾斜雪道上的运动视为匀减速直线运动. 则M到N 的运动过程中，其速度大小v随时间t的变化图像可能是（）A. B. C. D.4.如图，水平木板匀速向右运动，从木板边缘将一底面涂有染料的小物块垂直木板运动方向弹入木板上表面，物块在木板上滑行一段时间后随木板一起运动. 以物块弹入位置为坐标原点O，以木板运动方向为x轴、物块初速度方向为y轴建立坐标系，则物块在木板上留下的痕迹为（）A. B. C. D.5.2024年3月25日，鹊桥二号中继星经过约112小时奔月飞行，在距月面约440公里处实施近月制动，通过调整轨道高度和倾角，进入24小时周期的环月大椭圆使命轨道，其轨道示意图如图所示，Q 点为近月点，P 点为远月点，M 、N 为短轴上的两点. 则（）A.中继星在Q 点的加速度小于在P 点的加速度B.中继星在Q 点的机械能等于在P 点的机械能C.中继星在Q 点的运行速率小于在P 点的运行速率D.中继星在从Q 点运动到M 点的时间为6小时6.如图，将一质量为m 的小球靠近一面墙竖直向上抛出，图甲是小球向上运动时抓拍的频闪照片，图乙是小球下落时抓拍的频闪照片，重力加速度为g ，假设小球所受的空气阻力大小不变，则可算小球所受空气阻力大约为（）甲 乙A.0.5mgB.0.25mgC.0.2mgD.因砖的尺寸未知，无法估算7.2023年5月28日，C919大型客机从虹桥机场起飞开启首航.假设客机运行过程中受到的阻力与速度的平方成正比，客机以0.6马赫（1马赫相当于340m/s ）的速度匀速水平飞行，发动机的功率为P . 当客机以0.8马赫的速度匀速水平飞行，发动机的功率为（ ）A.B.C.D.43P 163P 916P 6427P8.早在二千多年前，我国劳动人民就发明了汉石磨盘，如图甲所示. 人们通常用驴来拉磨把谷物磨成面粉，俯视角度看如图乙所示，假设驴拉磨可以看成做匀速圆周运动，驴对磨杆末端的平均拉力N ，拉力方向始终沿圆周切线方向，磨杆半径0.7m ，驴拉磨转动一周时间为7s ，圆周率，则下列说法正确的是（）甲 乙A.磨杆末端的向心加速度大小为0.4m/s 2B.磨杆末端的线速度大小为0.3m/sC.驴转动一周拉力所做的功为零D.驴转动一周拉力的平均功率为480W9.在光滑墙壁上用网兜把足球挂在A 点，足球与墙壁的接触点为B . 足球的质量为m ，悬绳与墙壁的夹角为，网兜与悬绳之间由12根细线，每根细线与AO 延长线夹角也为. 则细线的拉力F 等于（ ）A.B.C.D.10.如图所示，轻质弹簧一端固定，另一端连接一小物块，O 点为弹簧在原长时物块的位置. 物块由A 点静止释放，沿粗糙程度相同的水平面向右运动，最远到达B 点. 在从A 到B 的过程中，物块（）A.加速度逐渐减小B.经过O 点时的速度最大C.所受弹簧弹力始终做正功D.所受弹簧弹力做的功等于克服摩擦力做的功二、非选择题：共5题，共60分. 其中第12题~第15题解答时请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案的不能得分；有数值计算时，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.11.（15分）某实验小组利用下图装置验证系统机械能守恒. 跨过定滑轮的轻绳一端系着物块A ，另一端穿800F =r =3π≈αα12mg12cos mg αsin cos mgαα()212cos mg α过中心带有小孔的金属圆片C 与物块B 相连，A 和B 质量相等. 铁架台上固定一圆环，圆环处在B 的正下方. 将B 和C 由距圆环高为70.0cm 处静止释放，当B 穿过圆环时，C 被搁置在圆环上. 在铁架台P 1、P 2处分别固定两个光电门，物块B 从P 1运动到P 2所用的时间t 由数字计时器测出，圆环距P 1的高度10.0cm ，P 1、P 2之间的高度10.0cm ，重力加速度g 取9.8m/s 2.（1）B 穿过圆环后可以视为做 直线运动；（2）为了验证系统机械能守恒，该系统应选择（选填“A 和B ”或“A 、B 和C ”）；（3）测得B 通过P 1P 2的时间0.055s ，A 、B 的质量均为0.3kg ，C 的质量为0.2kg ，则该实验中系统重力势能减少量为 J ，系统动能增加量为 J ，系统重力势能减少量与系统动能增加量有差别的原因是（结果保留三位有效数字）.12.（8分）如图所示，“好奇号”火星探测器于2012年成功登陆火星表面，在登陆火星前，“好奇号”在距火星表面高度为h 的轨道上绕火星做匀速圆周运动，周期为T . 已知火星的半径为R ，引力常量为G ，忽略其他天体对探测器的引力作用，求：（1）探测器绕火星做匀速圆周运动的线速度大小；（2）火星的质量.13.（8分）辘轳是古代民间提水设施，由辘轳头、支架、井绳、水斗等部分构成，如图甲为提水设施工作原理简化图，某次从井中汲取4kg 的水，辘轳绕绳轮轴半径为0.2m ，水斗的质量为3kg ，井足够深且井绳的质量忽略不计，0时刻，轮轴由静止开始绕中心轴转动向上提水斗，其角速度随时间变化规律如图乙所示，重力加速度g 取10m/s 2，井绳粗细不计，求：1h =2h =3h =t =m =r =0m =t =图 乙（1）0～10s 内水斗上升的高度；（2）井绳所受拉力大小.14.（13分）如图甲所示，“回回炮”是一种大型抛石机. 将石块放在长臂一端的石袋中，在短臂端挂上重物M. 发射前将长臂端往下拉至地面，然后突然松开，石袋中的石块过最高点时就被抛出. 现将其简化为图乙所示的模型、将一质量10kg 、可视为质点的石块装在长臂末端的石袋中，初始时长臂与水平面的夹角为30°，松开后长臂转至竖直位置时，石块被水平抛出，落在与O 点的水平距离为30m 地面水平地面上. 测得长臂10m ，短臂5m ，不计臂杆质量、空气阻力及轴摩擦力，取重力加速度大小10m/s 2，求：图甲 图乙（1）石块被水平抛出时的速度大小；（2）重物的质量M ；（3）石块被水平抛出前瞬间轴承O 对臂的作用力.15.（16分）如图所示，左端固定的轻弹簧可以锁定在不同的压缩状态，质量 1.0kg 的小滑块静止于光滑水平面并紧靠弹簧右端，水平面的右端与倾角的传送带平滑连接. 已知滑块滑上传送带前已经做匀速运动，传送带两转轴间的距离L =5m ，滑块与传送带之间的动摩擦因数μ=0.5，重力加速度g =10m/s 2，弹簧始终处于弹性限度内，sin37°，cos37°.m =1L =2L =g =m =37θ=︒（1）传送带不动，弹簧解除锁定后滑块恰能滑至传送带顶端，求弹簧锁定时的弹性势能E P1；（2）若传送带以恒定速率v1=10m/s顺时针转动，解除锁定时弹簧的弹性势能E P2=18J，解除锁定后滑块滑至传送带顶端，求电动机因传送滑块多做的功W；（3）若传送带以恒定速率v2=4m/s顺时针转动，为使滑块能滑至传送带顶端，求弹簧锁定时弹性势能的最小值E P3.物理答案一、单项选择题：共10题，每题4分，共40分，每题只有一个选项最符合题意.1.B2.B3.C4.D5.B6.A7.D8.D9.D 10.D二、非选择题：共5题，共56分，其中第12题~第15题解答时请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案的不能得分；有数值计算时，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.11.匀速A 、B 和C1.37J1.32J摩擦阻力和空气阻力对系统做了负功12.（1）；（2）【详解】（1）由线速度和周期公式得（2）由万有引力定律提供向心力有解得13.（1）20m ；（2）72.8N 【详解】（1）根据则图像与时间轴围成的面积与半径的乘积表示上升高度；根据图像可知，0～10s 内水斗上升的高度为（2）根据根据牛顿第二定律解得14.（1）；（2）；（3）1800N ，方向竖直向下【详解】（1）石块被水平抛出时的高度为()2R h v T π+=()3224R h M GT π+=()2R h v Tπ+=()()2224MmGm R h TR h π=++()3224R h M GT π+=x vt rtω==t ω-20100.2202h m m ⨯=⨯=20.4/s v ra m t tω===△△△△()()00T m m g m m a-+=+72.8NT=1/s v =80kg M =11sin 15mh L L θ=+=石块被水平抛出时做平抛运动，则解得石块被水平抛出时的速度大小为（2）松开后长臂转至竖直位置时，根据机械能守恒有重物、石块同轴转动，角速度相同，则解得（3）石块被水平抛出前瞬间，对石块，根据牛顿第二定律对重物，根据牛顿第二定律解得，石块被水平抛出前瞬间轴承O 对臂的作用力大小根据牛顿第三定律可知，石块被水平抛出前瞬间轴承O 对臂的作用力方向竖直向下。
l和l1是火线还是零线
l和l1是火线还是零线?
l和l1是都是接火线的。
只不过一个是火线进线，一个是火线出线，L是接进线，L1是接出线。
注意事项。
照明开关，不管是单控开关还是其他开关，都应该接在火线上，这样在灯坏了开关断开。
更换的时候灯头位置才不会带电。
开关接在零线上，也是可以操作的，但是从安全角度来说不可取，灯头位置始终会带电。
L、L1、L11、L12都是火线，只是用途不一样，有的又被称为控制线，所以开关上标注的L，不用看后面的数字就可以知道，所有的L都是火线，不会是零线。
有的开关带有插座，那么插座上才会有L火线端、N零线端、PE地线。
如果需要开关控制插座，仍然是通过开关控制火线的通断，千万不要接错线。
火线简介
对地电压为220V称为相电压，零线的对地的电压等于零它本身跟大地相连接在一起的。
所以当人的一部分碰上了火线，另一部分站在地上，人的这两个部分之间的电压等于220V。
就有触电的危险了这种情况称为单相触电。
反之人即使用手去抓零线，如果人是站在地上的话，由于零线的对地的电压等于零，所以人的身体各部分之间的电压等于零，人就没有触电的危险。
成人第12胸椎及第1腰椎椎体前缘和后缘高度比率正常值的应用价值
成人第12胸椎及第1腰椎椎体前缘和后缘高度比率正常值的应用价值程若勤;金红花;王化敏;杨卫【摘要】目的探讨在腰椎侧位X线平片上成人T12及L1椎体轻度压缩性骨折的诊断依据.方法选择2011年3月至2012年9月该院拍摄的成人腰椎正侧位X线片(含T12,)220例,腰椎侧位片80例为对照组,另选择同期拍摄的成人腰椎正侧位X 线片(含T12)轻度压缩性骨折24例、L1轻度压缩性骨折36例作为观察组,比较两组T12及L1椎体的前、后缘高度,将所测数据进行统计学处理.结果观察组成人T12及L1轻度压缩性骨折楔形程度均大于对照组(P＜0.05).结论成人T12及L1椎体前、后缘高度比值的正常范围可作为判断T12及L1椎体有无轻度压缩性骨折的衡量指标.%Objective To explore the diagnosis basis of mild compression fracture of adult T12 and L1 vertebral body in X-ray plain film. Methods 220 cases of frontal and lateral X-ray films of adult lumbarvertebra(including T12) and 80 cases of lateral X-ray plain film of lumbar taken in these hospitals from March 2011 to September 2012 were selected as the control group. Contemporaneous the frontal and lateral X-ray films of adult lumbar vertebra(including T12) in 24 cases of mild lumbar compression fracture and 36 cases of mild L1 compression fracture were selected as the observation group. The heights of anterior edge and posterior edge in T12 and L1 vertebral body were measured and compared between the two groups. The measured data were performed the statistical process. Results The vertebral wedge degree of adult T12 and L1 mild compression fracture in the observation group was greater than thatin the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion The normal range of the anterior and posterior edge height ratio in adult T12 and L1 vertebral body may be used as the measurement index for judging T12 and L1 mild compression fracture.【期刊名称】《重庆医学》【年(卷),期】2013(042)009【总页数】3页(P1014-1016)【关键词】椎体;解剖变异;压缩性骨折【作者】程若勤;金红花;王化敏;杨卫【作者单位】武汉科技大学附属天佑医院医学影像中心,430064【正文语种】中文在腰椎侧位X线平片上，第12胸椎（twelfth thoracic vertebra，T12）及第1腰椎（first lumbar vertebra，L1）椎体呈轻度楔形，教科书中描述为正常解剖变异，但正常解剖变异与异常之间，无一明确界限，放射科和临床科室医生在作出判断时，常感困难［1］。
罗克威尔AB触摸屏-维修替换型号
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PanelView 900 & 1200 are Obsolete Models that need bigger panel to mount PV1000
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序号 项目代号
名
工程项目 湛江东兴炼油配套完善（产品升级）工程
6·W·471· D-4/16
设
称
安装在低压配电屏上
型 号 备
引自2#大门门卫室 ZR-KVV-0.5kV/10x2.5 引至公用变电所AA304柜B回路 引至公用变电所AA304柜C回路 引至公用变电所AA304柜D回路
A611 B611 C611 101 13
自动转换开关控制头
11 1 3 5
1 3 6 22 20 24 21 23 25 29
ATS-K(双路市电)
28 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
RS+ RSCOM
L2 L3
QF
115
117 13
FU4
L1 102
L1
103
105
107
109
111
113
PJ
28 26 24 22
-FU1 -FU2 -FU3 -FU -FU4
A611 B611 C611 101 13
L1
FU
101 111 113
HG1 HY1
TAa TAb TAc
7-12-L1
LESSON 11. Mary: I‘d like to speak to Markel Benie please.2. Markel: Is that Mary?3. Mary: Yeah! Hello Markel!4. Markel: Hello Mary! How are things in Washington?5. Mary: I‘m not in Washington. I‘m in Rome. Will you come andmeet me?6. Markel: Oh really? That‘s fantastic, Mary! Shall I find yourhotel?7. Mary: Oh, tell I don‘t mean the hotel. I can stay at your apartment and try some real Italianfood. Is your mother a good cook? And we‘d do together again. Isn‘t that amazing? Where is it?Anyway look, I‘m here in the square. I haven‘t…..So I can‘t stay for a good long time. Will youcome over?8. Markel: Where are you exactly?9. Mary: I don‘t know. It‘s a big long square with a lot of tourists and artists and cafes.10. Markel: Is that Casibenle?11. Mary: Yeah, some Italian name. So how are you Markel? I can‘t wait!12. Mary: Hello Markel! Look that‘s my picture. It‘s good, isn‘t it? Can you pay it please? I don‘thave Ital ian money. There‘s my luggage. Hey what kind of car you have? Is it a big one?13. Markel: No. But it‘ll be all right, Mary.14. Markel: So Mary, these are my parents. This is my mother and my father. Ms. Mary Hatmn.15. Markel‘s Father: How do you do? Really happy to meet you, Ms Hatmn.16. Mary: Hi! So this is your apartment, Markel! It‘s not big, is it?17. Markel: There are only three of us here. Anyway, never mind. There‘s an extra bedroom foryou.18. Mary: I don‘t need a bedroom. I can sleep in your room, can I? Like in the Harst inWashington.19. Markel‘s Mother: Oh no, Ms Hatmn. You must have your own bedroom. Please come with me.20. Mary: This wine is very good. Can I have some please? Oops! ………………21. Markel‘s Mother: (Italian Sentence).22. Mary: What does that mean?23. Markel: Oh it means what a nice young girl!24. Mary: Thank you very much man.25. Markel‘s Father: I‘m going to bed. It‘s late. Good night Mary.26. Markel‘s Mother: Yes. It‘s time foe bed.27. Mary: Good night man. Hey Markel, we are alone togehter. Isn‘t that great?! Oh we will listensome music. What about this? It‘s my bother‘s new CD.28. Markel: But my parents are in bed.29. Markel‘s Mother: What‘s happening?30. Mary: Oh hi, it‘s my bother‘s group. Isn‘t it incredible?31. Markel‘s Mother: It‘s so loud. I can‘t sleep.32. Markel‘s Father: Yes. Why don‘t you listen to it tomorrow? We are tired now, I‘m afraid.33. Mary: Ok Ok I……34. Markel‘s Mother: Good night.35. Marekel: Good night Mary. If you‘d like to have a bath, the bathroom is next to your bedroom. See you in the morning.36. Markel: Hey, what‘s that?37. Mary: Oh Markel, I can‘t sleep.]38. Markel: Oh dear!39. Mary: You are happy to see me, aren‘t you?40. Markel: Yes, of course I am. But Mary, my parents‘ bedroom is next door.41. Mary: Never mind about your parents Markel. What about your little Mary?LESSON 2Mary: Morning! So what‘s for breakfast today?Markel: Well, do you need to leave with that coffee forbreakfast.Mary: Just coffee? That‘s not good. I will make you thebreakfast, come on. It‘s all right, Mr. Betine. You can take iteasy. I‘ll make the breakfast, American style. Ok, I need sugar,milk, flour and eggs. For here the eggs and here‘s the milk. Hereis the sugar. Hey where is the flour? I must have flour.Markel: Here it is, Mary.Mary: Thank you. In the States we call this pancake. What do you think of it?Markel: It‘s… Incredible. Look Mary, I‘m afraid there‘s a problem. You see, some relatives arecoming here. They‘re staying for two weeks. So we need the extra room.Mary: You mean I must stay at your room? That‘s fine.Markel: No, I don‘t mean that Mary. I‘m afraid, uh, you must .. go.Mary: Oh I see. Oh well, all right. I‘ve some friends in Nacles. I‘ll go there.Markel: Why don‘t I take you go to the station, Mary? Byebye, Mary. See you in Washingtonmaybe. Mary: Yeah, maybe.Markel: Bye!LESSON 342. Well, here we are, back in Bighton, standing in front ofour hotel.43. Today, we‘re visiting new English friends of mine, who livehere in Brighton.44. What?Today?45. Yes, today, honey, so – where was I? Right, the y‘re friendsof mine.46. Their names are Peter and Rosie. Now, Peter‘s a salesman.47. He works for a full company.7. And Rosie works at the American Embassy in London.8. …9. So they are very busy people, and it‘s real sweet of them to make time to see us.10. We are very lucky.11. Can I say something?12. ….13. 13.I want to go play golf today, Deborah.14. You know what the weather is like in England. Today it‘s sunny, there is no rain.15. Ok, it‘s damn cold, but still, it‘s a great day for golf. So that‘s what I want to do today.16. Sure honey, but we‘re seeing Peter and Rosie today. You can play golf tomorrow.17. I can‘t play golf tomorrow. The weather won‘t be like this tomorrow. It would probably rain.18. Well, it is winter. Honey. Even in the States it rains a lot in the winter.19. Yeah, well, in England it rains a lot in the spring, the summer, the fall and the winter.20. But it‘s not raining today, so let‘s go play golf, ok? Hey, I‘ll tell you what.21. We can go play golf this afternoon, and we can still go see your friends in the evening.22. No, that won‘t work, I‘m afraid.23. Why the hell not.24. Because I‘m cooking dinner for us all.25. They‘re inviting us to dinner and you‘re cooking it? It‘s crazy.26. We‘re cooking it, honey, just because I‘m a woman.27. That doesn‘t mean I must do all the cooking, now does it? Hey, will you look at us?28. Here we are, just standing in front of the hotel, talking.29. Let‘s get going: we have a lot of shopping to do!30. There‘s a really good supermarket down this road, we can get everything we need there.31. …32. …33. Well, my idea is to do something really typically American.34. So I think I‘ll make some Jambalaya.35. Jambalaya? But that‘s southern food. It‘s from Pittsburgh, not New Orleans!36. So what‘s typical Pittsburgh food, then? Burger and fries?37. No, Alan, Peter and Rosie are sophisticated people, they travel all around.38. I want to cook them something real special. Ah, here we are, ―Waithose‖39. I can‘t see any shopping carts.40. Over there. Honey, where it says ―trolleys‖41. ―Trolleys‖? is that what they call shopping carts here? I‘ll go and get one.42. Geez, this shopping cart is so small! What with this country.43. It‘ll be big enough for it, Alan. We are only cooking one dinner.44. Here we are.45. What we need?46. First of all, rice47. Hey, look.48. One pound. Is that enough?49. Honey, I can see you are not a great expert on food.50. What do you mean?51. Well, first of all, easy cook rice is yukky, and second of all, you don‘t want to use American riceany way.52. Why the hell not, why you‘re cooking an American dinner?53. Honey, we‘re in Europe now. try to be a bit sophisticated, ok?54. We‘ll go for the Italian rice.55. We need tomatoes, or ―tomatoes‖ or they say here.56. And peppers – red peppers, and prawn.57. And bacon. And lots of all, we need sausages. Great, that‘s it. Let‘s go and pay.58. Where‘s the check-out? Or do they call it, like, I don‘t know.59. This country.60. They call it here just like we do.61. Here it is.62. Good. Do we have enough cash for all this staff?63. Of course we do, honey. Anyway, this, this is, like, the third world.64. …65. …66. So, let‘s pay, and then we can go to Peter and Rosie‘s.67. And start cooking delicious Jambalaya.68. Let‘s go for it.LESSON 41.…2. Late again, why are you always late?3. Gee, what‘s the matter with you? Are there any messages forme?4. Messages for you! Of course not! wants to speak to you.5. Hey, don‘t talk to me like this! Or I‘l l turn you off!6. You can‘t turn me off, you need me!7. Come on, answer the phone, come on!8. …9. hello, I‘m John Berry‘s secretary, I‘m Freda, can I help you!10. I‘d like to speak to Mr. Berry, please.11. Do you? That‘s very strange! Why do you want to speak to him?12. Here, give me that phone.13. Hi, John Berry here. What can I do for you?14. How are you!15. Gosh, is that Annie? Hey, I‘m fine, thank. Would you like to come to a restaurant with me? Iknow a very good one.16. No, wait a moment. John, I‘m worrying about work. You work for a multinational company,don‘t yo u?17. Perhaps your company needs interpreters. Do you thing you can keep me!18. You want to work for my company? Well sure, I can certainly help you, Annie.19. I know. Why don‘t you come to my office after work/ We can go for a drink, and then we cango toa restaurant, and then perhaps.20. No, don‘t do anything special, John. Why don‘t we just have a quick drink.21. Ok, I‖ll give you my office address. It‘s3932…22. Oh. So your office isn‘t in downtown Washdon.23. …24. Well, never mind. See you about 6:00, Ok?25. Gee, I‘m having a drink with Annie! Great! Hey, I must call Martin Black.26. Will you give me Martin Black at ECS, Please?27. No, I won‘t28. You won‘t! Alright, I don‘t need you now. I‘ll turn you off.29. No, please! Turn me on again! turn me on again! turn me on…30. …31. How can I help you?32. Which department is he in?33. I don‘t know…the sales department, I think34. …35. …36. Hi, this is John Derry37. Sorry. I don‘t remember your name. Mr…which country are you from?38. …39. Oh. Yes. Of course. How are you, John? Nice to talk to you? Are you happy with our newsecretary?40. No, that‘s the reason I‘m calling. There‘s something wrong with it. Can you come and take alook/41. …42. …43. …44. …45. …46. …47. …48. …49. Yes. John, I will be happy to come around. See you later.LESSON 550. …51. Let me see: which model do you have?52. …53. But…but this machine is only two months old!54. You are an important executive, aren‘t you? You must havethe new model.55. …56. Two months is a long time in modern technology, youknow, John.57. Here. Just sign the contract here. You‘ll put the new model.58. …59. just sing here, John60. Great, hey, why don‘t me go and have drink together? One club is new here.61. …62. \Take it easy. We won‘t be long! Come on!63. I‘ll tell you John, this is my philosophy about women. Love them and leave them, John. Andshow t hem that you‘re the boss! Isn‘t that right?64. …65. …66. …67. …68. Susse, darling, this is my old friend John Berry. He‘s looking for a good time, aren‘t you. John?69. …70. hey, look out?71. Sorry. It‘s five past six. I have an appointment! I must go.72. I understand, john. It‘s ok. I ‗d really like to meet your lade friend, what‘s she like/73. …74. will you introduce me to her?75. …76. …77. hey. I‘ll take you to your office, come on!78. What are you doing here? Are you going out with him? With this…idiot, here.79. No. Of course. I‘m not going out with him. But it isn‘t your business, anyway. I‘ll do what Ilike, th ank you very much!80. You‘re a cold, cold woman. Annie. You have no heart.81. Oh. Don‘t be so stupid! I‘m going! Good-bye, john. And thank you for your help!82. …83. Annie, wait a moment!84. Come back, Annie! Gee, I‘m sorry.85. Oh. Never mind about her! There are lots of nice girls in Washdon, lots of them.86. Great, so I‘ll go home alone and watch alone-again.LESSON 81 Oh, no!2 Hello, Heidi--- are you OK? Hey, it‘s really good, this Swissbeer. Would you like some?3 Look at this apartment! It‘s so untidy!4 Oh yeah, I must tidy it. What would I do with this ashtray?5 Oh, give it to me, David. I‘ll tidy the apartment.6 Ok, if you like.7 Hey, er… can I turn the TV on again? I‘d like to watch―Deborah and Alan‖.8 Will you turn that damn TV off! How can you just sit there when I‘m doing all the work?9 I have a job, I work all day and when I come home I must do all the housework too!10 You just sit there, and smoke cigarettes and drink beer, and you don‘t do anything! What‘s thematte r with you, David? Why don‘t you do something?11 You know, I‘m looking for a job, Heidi, but it‘s kind of difficult in Switzerland.12 It isn‘t difficult if you try. What are you doing exactly, anyway?13 Well, I‘m looking in the newspapers, for example.14 This newspaper is from last month!15 Oh, David! What‘s happening to us? Why are you like this? Why aren‘t things like before; like inWas hdon?16 Yes, I was happy in Washdon and you were different, too.17 What do you mean: I was different?18 Oh, I mean, like, no you were the same, of course, but you were so sweet and gentle.19 So you don‘t think I‘m sweet and gentle now?20 Gee, yes, Heidi, of course you are! Of course! I mean, maybe it‘s me, maybe I was different inWash don.21 No, I don‘t think so, David. You‘re just as same now as you were then.22 It‘s no good, David. We‘ll never be happy together. Why don‘t you go back to Washdon?23 Go back to Washdon? But.. what will you do?24 I‘ll stay here, of course. I can live without you, David.25 Oh, I see. You mean we‘re finished?26 That‘s right, David. You understand English very well, don‘t you?27 Hey! Wow!28 Well, don‘t you have anything to say?29 Well, I‘m afraid there is, like a small problem. You see. I don‘t have much money, and I need alot—a bout $500 to get a ticket back to Washdon.30 It that all? You just want some money?31 Take the money and go! Get out of my apartment! You‘re a monster!32 Excuse me; is there a flight to Washdon soon?33 Yes, there is one in an hour. Do you have a ticket?34 No, I don‘t.I‘d like to buy one, please.35 Club or tourist?36 Tourist, please.37 One-way or reture?38 One-way, please. I don‘t need a return ticket; I don‘t think I‘ll come back here.。
中国的ODS控制目标
削减冻结水平的50%
2007.1.1起
削减冻结水平的85%
20l0.1.1起
完全停止生产和消费
第二组哈龙*(哈龙12L1，哈龙1301)
2002.1.1起
生产量和消费量冻结在1995—1997三年的平均水平上
2005.1.1起
削减冻结水平的50%
20lo.1.1起
完全停止生产和消费
中国的ODS控制目标
根据〈议定书〉伦敦修正案的规定，适用于〈议定书〉第五条第一款行事的缔约国，包括中国的ODS控制目标
ODS名称
期限
目标
附件A
第一组CFCS
(CFC—ll，CFC—12，CFC—l13，CFC一114p CFC一115)
1999.7.1起
生产量和消费量冻结在1995—1997三年的平均水平上
附件B
第一组* CFC—13
2003.1.1起
生产量和消费量削减1998—2000三年平均水平的20%
2007.1.1起
削减1998—2000平均水平的85%
2010.1.1起
完全停止生产和消费
第二组CTC(四氯化碳)
2005.1.1起
削减1998—2000平均水平的85%
20l0.1.1起
完全停止生产和消费
第三组TCA(1，l，1—三氯乙烷，甲基氯仿)
2003.1.1起
生产量和消费量冻结在1998—2000三年的平均水平上
20ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ5.1.1起
削减冻结水平的30%
20l0.1.1起
削减冻结水平的70%
2015.1.l起
完全停止生产和消费
中等职业技术学院电子技术公式
中等职业技术学院电子技术公式（1）串联电路P（电功率）U（电压）l（电流）W（电功）R（电阻）T（时间）电流处处相等l1=12=l总电压等于各用电器两端电压之和U=U1+U2总电阻等于各电阻之和R=R1+R2U1：U2=R1：R2总电功等于各电功之和W=W1+W2W1：W2=R1：R2=U1：U2P1：P2=R1：R2=U1：U2总功率等于各功率之和P=P1+P2（2）并联电路总电流等于各处电流之和l=11+12各处电压相等U1=U1=U总电阻等于各电阻之积除以各电阻之和R=R1R2÷（R1+R2）总电功等于各电功之和W=W1+W211：l2=R2：R1W1：W2=11：12=R2：R1P1：P2=R2：R1=11：12总功率等于各功率之和P=P1+P2（3）同一用电器的电功率①额定功率比实际功率等于额定电压比实际电压的平方Pe/Ps=（Ue/Us）的平方2.有关电路的公式（1）电阻R①电阻等于材料密度乘以（长度除以横截面积）R=密度×（L÷s）②电阻等于电压除以电流R=U÷l③电阻等于电压平方除以电功率R=UU÷P（2）电功W电功等于电流乘电压乘时间W=UIT（普式公式）电功等于电功率乘以时间W=PT电功等于电荷乘电压W=QT电功等于电流平方乘电阻乘时间W=l×IRT（纯电阻电路）电功等于电压平方除以电阻再乘以时间W=U？U÷RXT（同上）（3）电功率P①电功率等于电压乘以电流P=UI②电功率等于电流平方乘以电阻P=llR（纯电阻电路）③电功率等于电压平方除以电阻P=UU÷R（同上）④电功率等于电功除以时间P=W:T（4）电热Q电热等于电流平方成电阻乘时间Q=lIRt（普式公式）电热等于电流乘以电压乘时间Q=UIT=W（纯电阻电路功率=1.732*额定电压*电流是三相电路中星型接法的纯阻性负载功率计算公式功率=额定电压*电流是单相电路中纯阻性负载功率计算公式P=1.732×（380×I×COSD）是三相电路中星型接法的感性负载功率计算公式单相电阻类电功率的计算公式=电压U*电流！单相电机类电功率的计算公式=电压U*电流1*功率因数cOSp三相电阻类电功率的计算公式=1.732*线电压U*线电流！（星形接法）=3*相电压U*相电流1（角形接法）三相电机类电功率的计算公式=1.732*线电压U*线电流1*功率因数cOSp（Y型接法）。
肾区名词解释解剖学
肾区名词解释解剖学
肾区是指位于腹膜后的可以容纳肾脏的狭长空间，其两侧分别由9/10/11 胸椎和12/L1 腰椎形成。
它有四个部分：腹膜后肾区、腹膜间肾区、腹膜前肾区和腹膜外肾区。
腹膜后肾区位于腹膜后，由左右两侧的肾脏和中央的肾盏组成，在这一区域内，肾脏容易受到外界的伤害。
腹膜间肾区位于腹膜间，由左右肾脏之间的肾间质组成，包括腹膜间神经、血管、肾间质脂肪组织等。
腹膜前肾区位于腹膜前，由左右肾脏周围的脊柱神经、血管、肾脏内膜等组成。
腹膜外肾区位于腹膜外，由肾脏外围的肌肉、皮下组织和腹壁肌肉组成。