matlab数学实验答案(胡良剑)

M精编B数学实验第二版答案胡良剑修订版

M精编B数学实验第二版答案胡良剑修订版 IBMT standardization office【IBMT5AB-IBMT08-IBMT2C-ZZT18】数学实验答案Chapter 1Page20,ex1(5) 等于[exp(1),exp(2);exp(3),exp(4)](7) 3=1*3, 8=2*4(8) a为各列最小值，b为最小值所在的行号(10) 1>=4,false, 2>=3,false, 3>=2, ture, 4>=1,ture(11) 答案表明：编址第2元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第4元素满足不等式(40>=10)(12) 答案表明：编址第2行第1列元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第2行第2列元素满足不等式(40>=10)Page20, ex2(1)a, b, c的值尽管都是1，但数据类型分别为数值，字符，逻辑，注意a与c相等，但他们不等于b(2)double(fun)输出的分别是字符a,b,s,(,x,)的ASCII码Page20,ex3>> r=2;p=0.5;n=12;>> T=log(r)/n/log(1+0.01*p)Page20,ex4>> x=-2:0.05:2;f=x.^4-2.^x;>> [fmin,min_index]=min(f)最小值最小值点编址>> x(min_index)ans =0.6500 最小值点>> [f1,x1_index]=min(abs(f)) 求近似根--绝对值最小的点f1 =0.0328x1_index =24>> x(x1_index)ans =-0.8500>> x(x1_index)=[];f=x.^4-2.^x; 删去绝对值最小的点以求函数绝对值次小的点>> [f2,x2_index]=min(abs(f)) 求另一近似根--函数绝对值次小的点f2 =0.0630x2_index =65>> x(x2_index)ans =1.2500Page20,ex5>> z=magic(10)z =92 99 1 8 15 67 74 51 58 4098 80 7 14 16 73 55 57 64 414 81 88 20 22 54 56 63 70 4785 87 19 21 3 60 62 69 71 2886 93 25 2 9 61 68 75 52 3417 24 76 83 90 42 49 26 33 6523 5 82 89 91 48 30 32 39 6679 6 13 95 97 29 31 38 45 7210 12 94 96 78 35 37 44 46 5311 18 100 77 84 36 43 50 27 59>> sum(z)>> sum(diag(z))>> z(:,2)/sqrt(3)>> z(8,:)=z(8,:)+z(3,:)Chapter 2Page 45 ex1先在编辑器窗口写下列M函数，保存为eg2_1.m function [xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)n=length(x);xbar=sum(x)/n;s=sqrt((sum(x.^2)-n*xbar^2)/(n-1)); 例如>>x=[81 70 65 51 76 66 90 87 61 77]; >>[xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)Page 45 ex2s=log(1);n=0;while s<=100n=n+1;s=s+log(1+n);endm=nPage 40 ex3clear;F(1)=1;F(2)=1;k=2;x=0;e=1e-8; a=(1+sqrt(5))/2;while abs(x-a)>ek=k+1;F(k)=F(k-1)+F(k-2); x=F(k)/F(k-1); enda,x,k计算至k=21可满足精度Page 45 ex4clear;tic;s=0;for i=1:1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1;while i<=1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;i=i+1;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1:1000000;s=sqrt(3)*sum(1./2.^i);s,tocPage 45 ex5t=0:24;c=[15 14 14 14 14 15 16 18 20 22 23 25 28 ...31 32 31 29 27 25 24 22 20 18 17 16];plot(t,c)Page 45 ex6(1)x=-2:0.1:2;y=x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2);plot(x,y)y=inline('x^2*sin(x^2-x-2)');fplot(y,[-2 2]) (2)参数方法t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);x=2*cos(t);y=3*sin(t); plot(x,y)(3)x=-3:0.1:3;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^2+y.^2;surf(x,y,z)(4)x=-3:0.1:3;y=-3:0.1:13;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^4+3*x.^2+y.^2-2*x-2*y-2*x.^2.*y+6;surf(x,y,z)(5)t=0:0.01:2*pi;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);z=cos(2*t);plot3(x,y,z)(6)theta=linspace(0,2*pi,50);fai=linspace(0,pi/2,20); [theta,fai]=meshgrid(theta,fai);x=2*sin(fai).*cos(theta);y=2*sin(fai).*sin(theta);z=2*cos(fai);surf(x,y,z)(7)x=linspace(0,pi,100);y1=sin(x);y2=sin(x).*sin(10*x);y3=-sin(x);plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3)page45, ex7x=-1.5:0.05:1.5;y=1.1*(x>1.1)+x.*(x<=1.1).*(x>=-1.1)-1.1*(x<-1.1); plot(x,y)page45,ex9clear;close;x=-2:0.1:2;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);a=0.5457;b=0.7575;p=a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2-1.5*x).*(x+y>1);p=p+b*exp(-y.^2-6*x.^2).*(x+y>-1).*(x+y<=1);p=p+a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2+1.5*x).*(x+y<=-1);mesh(x,y,p)page45, ex10lookfor lyapunovhelp lyap>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];C=[2 -5 -22;-5 -24 -56;-22 -56 -16]; >> X=lyap(A,C)X =1.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000-1.0000 2.0000 1.0000-0.0000 1.0000 7.0000Chapter 3Page65 Ex1>> a=[1,2,3];b=[2,4,3];a./b,a.\b,a/b,a\bans =0.5000 0.5000 1.0000ans =2 2 1ans =0.6552 一元方程组x[2,4,3]=[1,2,3]的近似解ans =0 0 00 0 00.6667 1.3333 1.0000矩阵方程[1,2,3][x11,x12,x13;x21,x22,x23;x31,x32,x33]=[2,4,3]的特解Page65 Ex 2(1)>> A=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[9;-2;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b]) [A,b]为增广矩阵ans =ans =3 可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\bx =2.38301.48942.0213(2)>> A=[4 -3 3;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[-1;-2;1]; >> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =3ans =3 可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\b-0.4706-0.2941(3)>> A=[4 1;3 2;1 -5];b=[1;1;1]; >> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =2ans =3 可见方程组无解>> x=A\bx =0.3311-0.1219 最小二乘近似解(4)>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1 2 3]';%注意b的写法>> rank(a),rank([a,b])ans =3ans =3 rank(a)==rank([a,b])<4说明有无穷多解>> a\bans =110 一个特解Page65 Ex3>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1,2,3]';>> x=null(a),x0=a\bx =0.6255-0.20850.4170x0 =11通解kx+x0Page65 Ex 4>> x0=[0.2 0.8]';a=[0.99 0.05;0.01 0.95]; >> x1=a*x, x2=a^2*x, x10=a^10*x>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,xx =0.8333>> x0=[0.8 0.2]';>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,x x =0.83330.1667>> [v,e]=eig(a)v =0.9806 -0.70710.1961 0.7071e =1.0000 00 0.9400>> v(:,1)./xans =1.17671.1767 成比例，说明x是最大特征值对应的特征向量Page65 Ex5用到公式(3.11)(3.12)>> B=[6,2,1;2.25,1,0.2;3,0.2,1.8];x=[25 5 20]'; >> C=B/diag(x)C =0.2400 0.4000 0.05000.0900 0.2000 0.01000.1200 0.0400 0.0900>> A=eye(3,3)-CA =0.7600 -0.4000 -0.0500-0.0900 0.8000 -0.0100-0.1200 -0.0400 0.9100>> D=[17 17 17]';x=A\Dx =37.569625.786224.7690Page65 Ex 6(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =-94ans =0.2553 -0.0213 0.04260.1596 -0.1383 -0.22340.1809 -0.2234 -0.0532v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 3.6760 00 0 8.3766(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =1ans =2.0000 -2.0000 1.00001.0000 -1.0000 1.00002.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i(3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> det(A),inv(A), [v,d]=eig(A)ans =1ans =68.0000 -41.0000 -17.0000 10.0000-41.0000 25.0000 10.0000 -6.0000 -17.0000 10.0000 5.0000 -3.0000 10.0000 -6.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.5209d =0.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887(4)(以n=5为例)方法一（三个for）n=5;for i=1:n, a(i,i)=5;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i,i+1)=6;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i+1,i)=1;enda方法二（一个for）n=5;a=zeros(n,n);a(1,1:2)=[5 6];for i=2:(n-1),a(i,[i-1,i,i+1])=[1 5 6];enda(n,[n-1 n])=[1 5];a方法三（不用for）n=5;a=diag(5*ones(n,1));b=diag(6*ones(n-1,1));c=diag(ones(n-1,1));a=a+[zeros(n-1,1),b;zeros(1,n)]+[zeros(1,n);c,zeros(n-1,1)] 下列计算>> det(a)ans =665>> inv(a)ans =0.3173 -0.5865 1.0286 -1.6241 1.9489 -0.0977 0.4887 -0.8571 1.3534 -1.6241 0.0286 -0.1429 0.5429 -0.8571 1.0286 -0.0075 0.0376 -0.1429 0.4887 -0.5865 0.0015 -0.0075 0.0286 -0.0977 0.3173 >> [v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.7843 -0.7843 -0.9237 0.9860 -0.9237 0.5546 -0.5546 -0.3771 -0.0000 0.3771 -0.2614 -0.2614 0.0000 -0.1643 0.0000 0.0924 -0.0924 0.0628 -0.0000 -0.0628-0.0218 -0.0218 0.0257 0.0274 0.0257d =0.7574 0 0 0 00 9.2426 0 0 00 0 7.4495 0 00 0 0 5.0000 00 0 0 0 2.5505Page65 Ex 7(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];[v,d]=eig(a) v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 0 8.3766>> det(v)ans =-0.9255 %v行列式正常, 特征向量线性相关，可对角化>> inv(v)*a*v 验算ans =-3.0527 0.0000 -0.00000.0000 3.6760 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 8.3766>> [v2,d2]=jordan(a) 也可用jordanv2 =0.0798 0.0076 0.91270.1886 -0.3141 0.1256-0.1605 -0.2607 0.4213 特征向量不同d2 =0 -3.0527 - 0.0000i 00 0 3.6760 + 0.0000i>> v2\a*v2ans =8.3766 0 0.00000.0000 -3.0527 0.00000.0000 0.0000 3.6760>> v(:,1)./v2(:,2) 对应相同特征值的特征向量成比例ans =2.44912.44912.4491(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];[v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i>> det(v)ans =-5.0566e-028 -5.1918e-017i v的行列式接近0, 特征向量线性相关，不可对角化>> [v,d]=jordan(a)v =1 0 11 0 01 -1 0d =0 1 10 0 1 jordan标准形不是对角的，所以不可对角化 (3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> [v,d]=eig(A)v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.52090.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887>> inv(v)*A*vans =0.0102 0.0000 -0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.8431 -0.0000 -0.0000-0.0000 0.0000 3.8581 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 0 30.2887本题用jordan不行, 原因未知(4)参考6(4)和7(1)Page65 Exercise 8只有(3)对称, 且特征值全部大于零, 所以是正定矩阵.Page65 Exercise 9(1)>> a=[4 -3 1 3;2 -1 3 5;1 -1 -1 -1;3 -2 3 4;7 -6 -7 0] >> rank(a)ans =3>> rank(a(1:3,:))ans =2>> rank(a([1 2 4],:)) 1,2,4行为最大无关组ans =3>> b=a([1 2 4],:)';c=a([3 5],:)';>> b\c 线性表示的系数ans =0.5000 5.00000 -5.0000Page65 Exercise 10>> a=[1 -2 2;-2 -2 4;2 4 -2] >> [v,d]=eig(a)v =0.3333 0.9339 -0.12930.6667 -0.3304 -0.6681-0.6667 0.1365 -0.7327d =-7.0000 0 00 2.0000 00 0 2.0000>> v'*vans =1.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0 1.0000 v确实是正交矩阵Page65 Exercise 11设经过6个电阻的电流分别为i1, ..., i6. 列方程组如下20-2i1=a; 5-3i2=c; a-3i3=c; a-4i4=b; c-5i5=b; b-3i6=0;i1=i3+i4;i5=i2+i3;i6=i4+i5;计算如下>> A=[1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0;0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0;1 0 -1 0 0 -3 0 0 0; 1 -1 0 0 0 0 -4 0 0;0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 -5 0;0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3; 0 0 0 1 0 -1 -1 0 0;0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 1 0;0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 1];>>b=[20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]'; A\bans =13.34536.44018.5420-1.18071.60111.72630.42042.1467Page65 Exercise 12>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];>> left=sum(eig(A)), right=sum(trace(A))left =6.0000right =6>> left=prod(eig(A)), right=det(A) 原题有错, (-1)^n应删去left =27.000027>> fA=(A-p(1)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(2)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(3)*eye(3,3)) fA =1.0e-012 *0.0853 0.1421 0.02840.1421 0.1421 0-0.0568 -0.1137 0.1705>> norm(fA) f(A)范数接近0ans =2.9536e-013Chapter 4Page84 Exercise 1(1)roots([1 1 1])(2)roots([3 0 -4 0 2 -1])(3)p=zeros(1,24);p([1 17 18 22])=[5 -6 8 -5];roots(p)(4)p1=[2 3];p2=conv(p1, p1);p3=conv(p1, p2);p3(end)=p3(end)-4; %原p3最后一个分量-4roots(p3)Page84 Exercise 2fun=inline('x*log(sqrt(x^2-1)+x)-sqrt(x^2-1)-0.5*x'); fzero(fun,2)Page84 Exercise 3fun=inline('x^4-2^x');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on;fzero(fun,-1),fzero(fun,1),fminbnd(fun,0.5,1.5)Page84 Exercise 4fun=inline('x*sin(1/x)','x');fplot(fun, [-0.1 0.1]);x=zeros(1,10);for i=1:10, x(i)=fzero(fun,(i-0.5)*0.01);end;x=[x,-x]Page84 Exercise 5fun=inline('[9*x(1)^2+36*x(2)^2+4*x(3)^2-36;x(1)^2-2*x(2)^2-20*x(3);16*x(1)-x(1)^3-2*x(2)^2-16*x(3)^2]','x');[a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0 0 0])Page84 Exercise 6fun=@(x)[x(1)-0.7*sin(x(1))-0.2*cos(x(2)),x(2)-0.7*cos(x(1))+0.2*sin(x(2))]; [a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0.5 0.5])Page84 Exercise 7clear; close; t=0:pi/100:2*pi;x1=2+sqrt(5)*cos(t); y1=3-2*x1+sqrt(5)*sin(t);x2=3+sqrt(2)*cos(t); y2=6*sin(t);plot(x1,y1,x2,y2); grid on; 作图发现4个解的大致位置，然后分别求解y1=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.5,2]) y2=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.8,-2])y3=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[3.5,-5])y4=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[4,-4]) Page84 Exercise 8(1)clear;fun=inline('x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on; 作图观察x(1)=-2;x(3)=fminbnd(fun,-1,-0.5);x(5)=fminbnd(fun,1,2);fun2=inline('-x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');x(2)=fminbnd(fun2,-2,-1);x(4)=fminbnd(fun2,-0.5,0.5);x(6)=2feval(fun,x)答案: 以上x(1)(3)(5)是局部极小，x(2)(4)(6)是局部极大，从最后一句知道x(1)全局最小， x(2)最大。

(完整版)MATLAB)课后实验答案[1]

1 + e2 (2) z = 1 ln( x + 1 + x 2 ) ，其中 x = ⎡⎢ 2⎣-0.45 ⎦2 2 ⎪t 2 - 2t + 1 2 ≤ t <3 ⎨实验一MATLAB 运算基础1. 先求下列表达式的值，然后显示 MATLAB 工作空间的使用情况并保存全部变量。

(1) z = 2sin 8501221 + 2i ⎤5 ⎥(3) z = e 0.3a - e -0.3asin(a + 0.3) + ln 0.3 + a ,a = -3.0, - 2.9, L , 2.9, 3.03⎧t 2 0 ≤ t < 1 (4) z = ⎪t 2 - 11 ≤ t <2 ，其中 t=0:0.5:2.5 4⎩解：M 文件:z1=2*sin(85*pi/180)/(1+exp(2))x=[2 1+2*i;-.45 5];z2=1/2*log(x+sqrt(1+x^2))a=-3.0:0.1:3.0;3=(exp(0.3.*a)-exp(-0.3.*a))./2.*sin(a+0.3)+log((0.3+a)./2)t=0:0.5:2.5;z4=(t>=0&t<1).*(t.^2)+(t>=1&t<2).*(t.^2-1)+(t>=2&t<3) .*(t.^2-2*t+1)4.完成下列操作：(1)求[100,999]之间能被21整除的数的个数。

(2)建立一个字符串向量，删除其中的大写字母。

解：(1)结果：m=100:999;n=find(mod(m,21)==0);length(n)ans=43(2).建立一个字符串向量例如：ch='ABC123d4e56Fg9';则要求结果是：ch='ABC123d4e56Fg9';k=find(ch>='A'&ch<='Z');ch(k)=[]ch=⎣O2⨯3⎥，其中E、R、O、S分别为单位矩阵、随机矩阵、零矩S⎦阵和对角阵，试通过数值计算验证A=⎢⎥。

(完整版)MATLAB数学实验第二版答案(胡良剑)

数学实验答案Chapter 1Page20,ex1(5) 等于[exp(1),exp(2);exp(3),exp(4)](7) 3=1*3, 8=2*4(8) a为各列最小值，b为最小值所在的行号(10) 1>=4,false, 2>=3,false, 3>=2, ture, 4>=1,ture(11) 答案表明：编址第2元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第4元素满足不等式(40>=10)(12) 答案表明：编址第2行第1列元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第2行第2列元素满足不等式(40>=10)Page20, ex2(1)a, b, c的值尽管都是1，但数据类型分别为数值，字符，逻辑，注意a与c相等，但他们不等于b(2)double(fun)输出的分别是字符a,b,s,(,x,)的ASCII码Page20,ex3>> r=2;p=0.5;n=12;>> T=log(r)/n/log(1+0.01*p)Page20,ex4>> x=-2:0.05:2;f=x.^4-2.^x;>> [fmin,min_index]=min(f)最小值最小值点编址>> x(min_index)ans =0.6500 最小值点>> [f1,x1_index]=min(abs(f)) 求近似根--绝对值最小的点f1 =0.0328x1_index =24>> x(x1_index)ans =-0.8500>> x(x1_index)=[];f=x.^4-2.^x; 删去绝对值最小的点以求函数绝对值次小的点>> [f2,x2_index]=min(abs(f)) 求另一近似根--函数绝对值次小的点f2 =0.0630x2_index =65>> x(x2_index)ans =1.2500>> z=magic(10)z =92 99 1 8 15 67 74 51 58 4098 80 7 14 16 73 55 57 64 414 81 88 20 22 54 56 63 70 4785 87 19 21 3 60 62 69 71 2886 93 25 2 9 61 68 75 52 3417 24 76 83 90 42 49 26 33 6523 5 82 89 91 48 30 32 39 6679 6 13 95 97 29 31 38 45 7210 12 94 96 78 35 37 44 46 5311 18 100 77 84 36 43 50 27 59>> sum(z)>> sum(diag(z))>> z(:,2)/sqrt(3)>> z(8,:)=z(8,:)+z(3,:)Chapter 2Page 45 ex1先在编辑器窗口写下列M函数，保存为eg2_1.m function [xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)n=length(x);xbar=sum(x)/n;s=sqrt((sum(x.^2)-n*xbar^2)/(n-1));例如>>x=[81 70 65 51 76 66 90 87 61 77];>>[xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)Page 45 ex2s=log(1);n=0;while s<=100n=n+1;s=s+log(1+n);endm=nPage 40 ex3clear;F(1)=1;F(2)=1;k=2;x=0;e=1e-8; a=(1+sqrt(5))/2;while abs(x-a)>ek=k+1;F(k)=F(k-1)+F(k-2); x=F(k)/F(k-1);enda,x,k计算至k=21可满足精度clear;tic;s=0;for i=1:1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1;while i<=1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;i=i+1;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1:1000000;s=sqrt(3)*sum(1./2.^i);s,tocPage 45 ex5t=0:24;c=[15 14 14 14 14 15 16 18 20 22 23 25 28 ...31 32 31 29 27 25 24 22 20 18 17 16];plot(t,c)Page 45 ex6(1)x=-2:0.1:2;y=x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2);plot(x,y)y=inline('x^2*sin(x^2-x-2)');fplot(y,[-2 2]) (2)参数方法t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);x=2*cos(t);y=3*sin(t); plot(x,y)(3)x=-3:0.1:3;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^2+y.^2;surf(x,y,z)(4)x=-3:0.1:3;y=-3:0.1:13;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^4+3*x.^2+y.^2-2*x-2*y-2*x.^2.*y+6;surf(x,y,z)(5)t=0:0.01:2*pi;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);z=cos(2*t);plot3(x,y,z)(6)theta=linspace(0,2*pi,50);fai=linspace(0,pi/2,20); [theta,fai]=meshgrid(theta,fai);x=2*sin(fai).*cos(theta);y=2*sin(fai).*sin(theta);z=2*cos(fai);surf(x,y,z)(7)x=linspace(0,pi,100);y1=sin(x);y2=sin(x).*sin(10*x);y3=-sin(x);plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3)page45, ex7x=-1.5:0.05:1.5;y=1.1*(x>1.1)+x.*(x<=1.1).*(x>=-1.1)-1.1*(x<-1.1);plot(x,y)page45,ex9clear;close;x=-2:0.1:2;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);a=0.5457;b=0.7575;p=a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2-1.5*x).*(x+y>1);p=p+b*exp(-y.^2-6*x.^2).*(x+y>-1).*(x+y<=1);p=p+a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2+1.5*x).*(x+y<=-1);mesh(x,y,p)page45, ex10lookfor lyapunovhelp lyap>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];C=[2 -5 -22;-5 -24 -56;-22 -56 -16];>> X=lyap(A,C)X =1.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000-1.0000 2.0000 1.0000-0.0000 1.0000 7.0000Chapter 3Page65 Ex1>> a=[1,2,3];b=[2,4,3];a./b,a.\b,a/b,a\bans =0.5000 0.5000 1.0000ans =2 2 1ans =0.6552 一元方程组x[2,4,3]=[1,2,3]的近似解ans =0 0 00 0 00.6667 1.3333 1.0000矩阵方程[1,2,3][x11,x12,x13;x21,x22,x23;x31,x32,x33]=[2,4,3]的特解Page65 Ex 2(1)>> A=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[9;-2;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b]) [A,b]为增广矩阵ans =3ans =3 可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\bx =2.38301.48942.0213(2)>> A=[4 -3 3;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[-1;-2;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =3ans =3 可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\bx =-0.4706-0.2941(3)>> A=[4 1;3 2;1 -5];b=[1;1;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =2ans =3 可见方程组无解>> x=A\bx =0.3311-0.1219 最小二乘近似解(4)>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1 2 3]';%注意b的写法>> rank(a),rank([a,b])ans =3ans =3 rank(a)==rank([a,b])<4说明有无穷多解>> a\bans =110 一个特解Page65 Ex3>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1,2,3]';>> x=null(a),x0=a\bx =-0.62550.6255-0.20850.4170x0 =11通解kx+x0Page65 Ex 4>> x0=[0.2 0.8]';a=[0.99 0.05;0.01 0.95];>> x1=a*x, x2=a^2*x, x10=a^10*x>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,xx =0.83330.1667>> x0=[0.8 0.2]';>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,xx =0.83330.1667>> [v,e]=eig(a)v =0.9806 -0.70710.1961 0.7071e =1.0000 00 0.9400>> v(:,1)./xans =1.17671.1767 成比例，说明x是最大特征值对应的特征向量Page65 Ex5用到公式(3.11)(3.12)>> B=[6,2,1;2.25,1,0.2;3,0.2,1.8];x=[25 5 20]'; >> C=B/diag(x)C =0.2400 0.4000 0.05000.0900 0.2000 0.01000.1200 0.0400 0.0900>> A=eye(3,3)-CA =0.7600 -0.4000 -0.0500-0.0900 0.8000 -0.0100-0.1200 -0.0400 0.9100>> D=[17 17 17]';x=A\Dx =37.569625.786224.7690Page65 Ex 6(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =-94ans =0.2553 -0.0213 0.04260.1596 -0.1383 -0.22340.1809 -0.2234 -0.0532v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 3.6760 00 0 8.3766(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =1ans =2.0000 -2.0000 1.00001.0000 -1.0000 1.00002.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i(3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> det(A),inv(A), [v,d]=eig(A)ans =1ans =68.0000 -41.0000 -17.0000 10.0000-41.0000 25.0000 10.0000 -6.0000-17.0000 10.0000 5.0000 -3.000010.0000 -6.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.5209d =0.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887(4)(以n=5为例)方法一（三个for）n=5;for i=1:n, a(i,i)=5;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i,i+1)=6;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i+1,i)=1;enda方法二（一个for）n=5;a=zeros(n,n);a(1,1:2)=[5 6];for i=2:(n-1),a(i,[i-1,i,i+1])=[1 5 6];enda(n,[n-1 n])=[1 5];a方法三（不用for）n=5;a=diag(5*ones(n,1));b=diag(6*ones(n-1,1));c=diag(ones(n-1,1));a=a+[zeros(n-1,1),b;zeros(1,n)]+[zeros(1,n);c,zeros(n-1,1)] 下列计算>> det(a)ans =665>> inv(a)ans =0.3173 -0.5865 1.0286 -1.6241 1.9489-0.0977 0.4887 -0.8571 1.3534 -1.62410.0286 -0.1429 0.5429 -0.8571 1.0286-0.0075 0.0376 -0.1429 0.4887 -0.58650.0015 -0.0075 0.0286 -0.0977 0.3173>> [v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.7843 -0.7843 -0.9237 0.9860 -0.92370.5546 -0.5546 -0.3771 -0.0000 0.3771-0.2614 -0.2614 0.0000 -0.1643 0.00000.0924 -0.0924 0.0628 -0.0000 -0.0628-0.0218 -0.0218 0.0257 0.0274 0.0257d =0.7574 0 0 0 00 9.2426 0 0 00 0 7.4495 0 00 0 0 5.0000 00 0 0 0 2.5505Page65 Ex 7(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];[v,d]=eig(a)v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 3.6760 00 0 8.3766>> det(v)ans =-0.9255 %v行列式正常, 特征向量线性相关，可对角化>> inv(v)*a*v 验算ans =-3.0527 0.0000 -0.00000.0000 3.6760 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 8.3766>> [v2,d2]=jordan(a) 也可用jordanv2 =0.0798 0.0076 0.91270.1886 -0.3141 0.1256-0.1605 -0.2607 0.4213 特征向量不同d2 =8.3766 0 00 -3.0527 - 0.0000i 00 0 3.6760 + 0.0000i>> v2\a*v2ans =8.3766 0 0.00000.0000 -3.0527 0.00000.0000 0.0000 3.6760>> v(:,1)./v2(:,2) 对应相同特征值的特征向量成比例ans =2.44912.44912.4491(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];[v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i>> det(v)ans =-5.0566e-028 -5.1918e-017i v的行列式接近0, 特征向量线性相关，不可对角化>> [v,d]=jordan(a)v =1 0 11 0 01 -1 0d =1 1 00 1 10 0 1 jordan标准形不是对角的，所以不可对角化(3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> [v,d]=eig(A)v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.5209d =0.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887>> inv(v)*A*vans =0.0102 0.0000 -0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.8431 -0.0000 -0.0000-0.0000 0.0000 3.8581 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 0 30.2887本题用jordan不行, 原因未知(4)参考6(4)和7(1)Page65 Exercise 8只有(3)对称, 且特征值全部大于零, 所以是正定矩阵. Page65 Exercise 9(1)>> a=[4 -3 1 3;2 -1 3 5;1 -1 -1 -1;3 -2 3 4;7 -6 -7 0]>> rank(a)ans =3>> rank(a(1:3,:))ans =2>> rank(a([1 2 4],:)) 1,2,4行为最大无关组ans =3>> b=a([1 2 4],:)';c=a([3 5],:)';>> b\c 线性表示的系数ans =0.5000 5.0000-0.5000 1.00000 -5.0000Page65 Exercise 10>> a=[1 -2 2;-2 -2 4;2 4 -2]>> [v,d]=eig(a)v =0.3333 0.9339 -0.12930.6667 -0.3304 -0.6681-0.6667 0.1365 -0.7327d =-7.0000 0 00 2.0000 00 0 2.0000>> v'*vans =1.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 1.0000 00.0000 0 1.0000 v确实是正交矩阵Page65 Exercise 11设经过6个电阻的电流分别为i1, ..., i6. 列方程组如下20-2i1=a; 5-3i2=c; a-3i3=c; a-4i4=b; c-5i5=b; b-3i6=0;i1=i3+i4;i5=i2+i3;i6=i4+i5;计算如下>> A=[1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0;0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0;1 0 -1 0 0 -3 0 0 0; 1 -1 0 0 0 0 -4 0 0;0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 -5 0;0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3; 0 0 0 1 0 -1 -1 0 0;0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 1 0;0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 1];>>b=[20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]'; A\bans =13.34536.44018.54203.3274-1.18071.60111.72630.42042.1467Page65 Exercise 12>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];>> left=sum(eig(A)), right=sum(trace(A))left =6.0000right =6>> left=prod(eig(A)), right=det(A) 原题有错, (-1)^n应删去left =27.0000right =27>> fA=(A-p(1)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(2)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(3)*eye(3,3)) fA =1.0e-012 *0.0853 0.1421 0.02840.1421 0.1421 0-0.0568 -0.1137 0.1705>> norm(fA) f(A)范数接近0ans =2.9536e-013Chapter 4Page84 Exercise 1(1)roots([1 1 1])(2)roots([3 0 -4 0 2 -1])(3)p=zeros(1,24);p([1 17 18 22])=[5 -6 8 -5];roots(p)(4)p1=[2 3];p2=conv(p1, p1);p3=conv(p1, p2);p3(end)=p3(end)-4; %原p3最后一个分量-4roots(p3)Page84 Exercise 2fun=inline('x*log(sqrt(x^2-1)+x)-sqrt(x^2-1)-0.5*x');fzero(fun,2)Page84 Exercise 3fun=inline('x^4-2^x');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on;fzero(fun,-1),fzero(fun,1),fminbnd(fun,0.5,1.5)Page84 Exercise 4fun=inline('x*sin(1/x)','x');fplot(fun, [-0.1 0.1]);x=zeros(1,10);for i=1:10, x(i)=fzero(fun,(i-0.5)*0.01);end;x=[x,-x]Page84 Exercise 5fun=inline('[9*x(1)^2+36*x(2)^2+4*x(3)^2-36;x(1)^2-2*x(2)^2-20*x(3);16*x(1)-x(1)^3-2*x(2)^ 2-16*x(3)^2]','x');[a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0 0 0])Page84 Exercise 6fun=@(x)[x(1)-0.7*sin(x(1))-0.2*cos(x(2)),x(2)-0.7*cos(x(1))+0.2*sin(x(2))];[a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0.5 0.5])Page84 Exercise 7clear; close; t=0:pi/100:2*pi;x1=2+sqrt(5)*cos(t); y1=3-2*x1+sqrt(5)*sin(t);x2=3+sqrt(2)*cos(t); y2=6*sin(t);plot(x1,y1,x2,y2); grid on; 作图发现4个解的大致位置，然后分别求解y1=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.5,2])y2=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.8,-2])y3=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[3.5,-5])y4=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[4,-4])Page84 Exercise 8(1)clear;fun=inline('x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on; 作图观察x(1)=-2;x(3)=fminbnd(fun,-1,-0.5);x(5)=fminbnd(fun,1,2);fun2=inline('-x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');x(2)=fminbnd(fun2,-2,-1);x(4)=fminbnd(fun2,-0.5,0.5);x(6)=2feval(fun,x)答案: 以上x(1)(3)(5)是局部极小，x(2)(4)(6)是局部极大，从最后一句知道x(1)全局最小，x(2)最大。

（完整版）MATLAB）课后实验答案[1]

（完整版）MATLAB）课后实验答案[1]实验⼀ MATLAB 运算基础1. 先求下列表达式的值，然后显⽰MATLAB ⼯作空间的使⽤情况并保存全部变量。

(1) 0122sin 851z e =+(2) 21ln(2z x =，其中2120.455i x +??=?- (3) 0.30.330.3sin(0.3)ln , 3.0, 2.9,,2.9,3.022a a e e az a a --+=++=--L (4) 2242011122123t t z t t t t t ?≤=-≤，其中t =0:0.5:2.5 解：4. 完成下列操作：(1) 求[100,999]之间能被21整除的数的个数。

(2) 建⽴⼀个字符串向量，删除其中的⼤写字母。

解：(1) 结果：(2). 建⽴⼀个字符串向量例如：ch='ABC123d4e56Fg9';则要求结果是：实验⼆ MATLAB 矩阵分析与处理1. 设有分块矩阵33322322E R A O S=?，其中E 、R 、O 、S 分别为单位矩阵、随机矩阵、零矩阵和对⾓阵，试通过数值计算验证2 2E R RS A O S +??=。

解: M ⽂件如下；5. 下⾯是⼀个线性⽅程组：1231112340.951110.673450.52111456x x x ??=???(1) 求⽅程的解。

(2) 将⽅程右边向量元素b 3改为0.53再求解，并⽐较b 3的变化和解的相对变化。

(3) 计算系数矩阵A 的条件数并分析结论。

解： M ⽂件如下：123d4e56g9实验三选择结构程序设计1. 求分段函数的值。

2226035605231x x x x y x x x x x x x ?+-<≠-?=-+≤<≠≠??--?且且及其他⽤if 语句实现，分别输出x=-5.0,-3.0,1.0,2.0,2.5,3.0,5.0时的y 值。

解：M ⽂件如下：2. 输⼊⼀个百分制成绩，要求输出成绩等级A、B、C、D、E。

matlab数学实验习题全部答案(胡良剑)

数学实验答案%Page20,ex1(5) 等于[exp(1),exp(2);exp(3),exp(4)](7) 3=1*3, 8=2*4(8) a为各列最小值，b为最小值所在的行号(10) 1>=4,false, 2>=3,false, 3>=2, ture, 4>=1,ture(11) 答案表明：编址第2元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第4元素满足不等式(40>=10)(12) 答案表明：编址第2行第1列元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第2行第2列元素满足不等式(40>=10)%Page20, ex2(1)a, b, c的值尽管都是1，但数据类型分别为数值，字符，逻辑，注意a与c相等，但他们不等于b(2)double(fun)输出的分别是字符a,b,s,(,x,)的ASCII码%Page20,ex3>> r=2;p=0.5;n=12;>> T=log(r)/n/log(1+0.01*p)T =11.5813%Page20,ex4>> x=-2:0.05:2;f=x.^4-2.^x;>> [fmin,min_index]=min(f)fmin =-1.3907 %最小值min_index =54 %最小值点编址>> x(min_index)ans =0.6500 %最小值点>> [f1,x1_index]=min(abs(f)) %求近似根--绝对值最小的点f1 =0.0328x1_index =24>> x(x1_index)ans =-0.8500>> x(x1_index)=[];f=x.^4-2.^x; %删去绝对值最小的点以求函数绝对值次小的点>> [f2,x2_index]=min(abs(f)) %求另一近似根--函数绝对值次小的点f2 =0.0630x2_index =65>> x(x2_index)ans =1.2500%Page20,ex5>> z=magic(10)z =92 99 1 8 15 67 74 51 58 4098 80 7 14 16 73 55 57 64 414 81 88 20 22 54 56 63 70 4785 87 19 21 3 60 62 69 71 2886 93 25 2 9 61 68 75 52 3417 24 76 83 90 42 49 26 33 6523 5 82 89 91 48 30 32 39 6679 6 13 95 97 29 31 38 45 7210 12 94 96 78 35 37 44 46 5311 18 100 77 84 36 43 50 27 59>> sum(z)ans =505 505 505 505 505 505 505 505 505 505 >> sum(diag(z))ans =505>> z(:,2)/sqrt(3)ans =57.157746.188046.765450.229553.693613.85642.88683.46416.928210.3923>> z(8,:)=z(8,:)+z(3,:)z =92 99 1 8 15 67 74 51 58 4098 80 7 14 16 73 55 57 64 414 81 88 20 22 54 56 63 70 4785 87 19 21 3 60 62 69 71 2886 93 25 2 9 61 68 75 52 3417 24 76 83 90 42 49 26 33 6523 5 82 89 91 48 30 32 39 6683 87 101 115 119 83 87 101 115 11910 12 94 96 78 35 37 44 46 5311 18 100 77 84 36 43 50 27 59%Page 40 ex1先在编辑器窗口写下列M函数，保存为eg2_1.m function [xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)n=length(x);xbar=sum(x)/n;s=sqrt((sum(x.^2)-n*xbar^2)/(n-1));例如>>x=[81 70 65 51 76 66 90 87 61 77];>>[xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)xbar =72.4000s =12.1124%Page 40 ex2s=log(1);n=0;while s<=100n=n+1;s=s+log(1+n);endm=n计算结果m=37%Page 40 ex3clear;F(1)=1;F(2)=1;k=2;x=0;e=1e-8; a=(1+sqrt(5))/2;while abs(x-a)>ek=k+1;F(k)=F(k-1)+F(k-2); x=F(k)/F(k-1);enda,x,k计算至k=21可满足精度%Page 40 ex4clear;tic;s=0;for i=1:1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1;while i<=1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;i=i+1;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1:1000000;s=sqrt(3)*sum(1./2.^i);s,toc%Page 40 ex5t=0:24;c=[15 14 14 14 14 15 16 18 20 22 23 25 28 ...31 32 31 29 27 25 24 22 20 18 17 16];plot(t,c)%Page 40 ex6%(1)x=-2:0.1:2;y=x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2);plot(x,y)y=inline('x^2*sin(x^2-x-2)');fplot(y,[-2 2])%(2)参数方法t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);x=2*cos(t);y=3*sin(t); plot(x,y)%(3)x=-3:0.1:3;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^2+y.^2;surf(x,y,z)%(4)x=-3:0.1:3;y=-3:0.1:13;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^4+3*x.^2+y.^2-2*x-2*y-2*x.^2.*y+6;surf(x,y,z)%(5)t=0:0.01:2*pi;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);z=cos(2*t);plot3(x,y,z)%(6)theta=linspace(0,2*pi,50);fai=linspace(0,pi/2,20); [theta,fai]=meshgrid(theta,fai);x=2*sin(fai).*cos(theta);y=2*sin(fai).*sin(theta);z=2*cos(fai);surf(x,y,z)%(7)x=linspace(0,pi,100);y1=sin(x);y2=sin(x).*sin(10*x);y3=-sin(x);plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3)%page41, ex7x=-1.5:0.05:1.5;y=1.1*(x>1.1)+x.*(x<=1.1).*(x>=-1.1)-1.1*(x<-1.1);plot(x,y)%page41,ex8分别使用which trapz, type trapz, dir C:\MA TLAB7\toolbox\matlab\datafun\ %page41,ex9clear;close;x=-2:0.1:2;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);a=0.5457;b=0.7575;p=a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2-1.5*x).*(x+y>1);p=p+b*exp(-y.^2-6*x.^2).*(x+y>-1).*(x+y<=1);p=p+a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2+1.5*x).*(x+y<=-1);mesh(x,y,p)%page41, ex10lookfor lyapunovhelp lyap>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];C=[2 -5 -22;-5 -24 -56;-22 -56 -16];>> X=lyap(A,C)X =1.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000-1.0000 2.0000 1.0000-0.0000 1.0000 7.0000%Chapter 3%Exercise 1>> a=[1,2,3];b=[2,4,3];a./b,a.\b,a/b,a\bans =0.5000 0.5000 1.0000ans =2 2 1ans =0.6552 %一元方程组x[2,4,3]=[1,2,3]的近似解ans =0 0 00 0 00.6667 1.3333 1.0000%矩阵方程[1,2,3][x11,x12,x13;x21,x22,x23;x31,x32,x33]=[2,4,3]的特解%Exercise 2(1)>> A=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[9;-2;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b]) %[A,b]为增广矩阵ans =3ans =3 %可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\bx =2.38301.48942.0213%Exercise 2(2)>> A=[4 -3 3;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[-1;-2;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =3ans =3 %可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\bx =-0.4706-0.2941%Exercise 2(3)>> A=[4 1;3 2;1 -5];b=[1;1;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =2ans =3 %可见方程组无解>> x=A\bx =0.3311-0.1219 %最小二乘近似解%Exercise 2(4)>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1 2 3]';%注意b的写法>> rank(a),rank([a,b])ans =3ans =3 %rank(a)==rank([a,b])<4说明有无穷多解>> a\bans =110 %一个特解%Exercise 3>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1,2,3]';>> x=null(a),x0=a\bx =-0.62550.6255-0.20850.4170x0 =11%通解kx+x0%Exercise 4>> x0=[0.2 0.8]';a=[0.99 0.05;0.01 0.95];>> x1=a*x, x2=a^2*x, x10=a^10*x>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,xx =0.83330.1667>> x0=[0.8 0.2]';>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,xx =0.83330.1667>> [v,e]=eig(a)v =0.9806 -0.70710.1961 0.7071e =1.0000 00 0.9400>> v(:,1)./xans =1.17671.1767 %成比例，说明x是最大特征值对应的特征向量%Exercise 5%用到公式(3.11)(3.12)>> B=[6,2,1;2.25,1,0.2;3,0.2,1.8];x=[25 5 20]';>> C=B/diag(x)C =0.2400 0.4000 0.05000.0900 0.2000 0.01000.1200 0.0400 0.0900>> A=eye(3,3)-CA =0.7600 -0.4000 -0.0500-0.0900 0.8000 -0.0100-0.1200 -0.0400 0.9100>> D=[17 17 17]';x=A\Dx =37.569625.786224.7690%Exercise 6(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =-94ans =0.2553 -0.0213 0.04260.1596 -0.1383 -0.22340.1809 -0.2234 -0.0532v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 3.6760 00 0 8.3766%Exercise 6(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =1ans =2.0000 -2.0000 1.00001.0000 -1.0000 1.00002.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i%Exercise 6(3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> det(A),inv(A), [v,d]=eig(A)ans =1ans =68.0000 -41.0000 -17.0000 10.0000-41.0000 25.0000 10.0000 -6.0000-17.0000 10.0000 5.0000 -3.000010.0000 -6.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.5209d =0.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887%Exercise 6(4)(以n=5为例)%关键是矩阵的定义%方法一（三个for）n=5;for i=1:n, a(i,i)=5;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i,i+1)=6;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i+1,i)=1;enda%方法二（一个for）n=5;a=zeros(n,n);a(1,1:2)=[5 6];for i=2:(n-1),a(i,[i-1,i,i+1])=[1 5 6];enda(n,[n-1 n])=[1 5];a%方法三（不用for）n=5;a=diag(5*ones(n,1));b=diag(6*ones(n-1,1));c=diag(ones(n-1,1));a=a+[zeros(n-1,1),b;zeros(1,n)]+[zeros(1,n);c,zeros(n-1,1)] %下列计算>> det(a)ans =665>> inv(a)ans =0.3173 -0.5865 1.0286 -1.6241 1.9489-0.0977 0.4887 -0.8571 1.3534 -1.62410.0286 -0.1429 0.5429 -0.8571 1.0286-0.0075 0.0376 -0.1429 0.4887 -0.58650.0015 -0.0075 0.0286 -0.0977 0.3173>> [v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.7843 -0.7843 -0.9237 0.9860 -0.92370.5546 -0.5546 -0.3771 -0.0000 0.3771-0.2614 -0.2614 0.0000 -0.1643 0.00000.0924 -0.0924 0.0628 -0.0000 -0.0628-0.0218 -0.0218 0.0257 0.0274 0.0257d =0.7574 0 0 0 00 9.2426 0 0 00 0 7.4495 0 00 0 0 5.0000 00 0 0 0 2.5505%Exercise 7(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];[v,d]=eig(a)v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 3.6760 00 0 8.3766>> det(v)ans =-0.9255 %v行列式正常, 特征向量线性相关，可对角化>> inv(v)*a*v %验算ans =-3.0527 0.0000 -0.00000.0000 3.6760 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 8.3766>> [v2,d2]=jordan(a) %也可用jordanv2 =0.0798 0.0076 0.91270.1886 -0.3141 0.1256-0.1605 -0.2607 0.4213 %特征向量不同d2 =8.3766 0 00 -3.0527 - 0.0000i 00 0 3.6760 + 0.0000i>> v2\a*v2ans =8.3766 0 0.00000.0000 -3.0527 0.00000.0000 0.0000 3.6760>> v(:,1)./v2(:,2) %对应相同特征值的特征向量成比例ans =2.44912.44912.4491%Exercise 7(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];[v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i>> det(v)ans =-5.0566e-028 -5.1918e-017i %v的行列式接近0, 特征向量线性相关，不可对角化>> [v,d]=jordan(a)v =1 0 11 0 01 -1 0d =1 1 00 1 10 0 1 %jordan标准形不是对角的，所以不可对角化%Exercise 7(3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> [v,d]=eig(A)v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.5209d =0.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887>> inv(v)*A*vans =0.0102 0.0000 -0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.8431 -0.0000 -0.0000-0.0000 0.0000 3.8581 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 0 30.2887%本题用jordan不行, 原因未知%Exercise 7(4)参考6(4)和7(1), 略%Exercise 8 只有(3)对称, 且特征值全部大于零, 所以是正定矩阵. %Exercise 9(1)>> a=[4 -3 1 3;2 -1 3 5;1 -1 -1 -1;3 -2 3 4;7 -6 -7 0]>> rank(a)ans =3>> rank(a(1:3,:))ans =2>> rank(a([1 2 4],:)) %1,2,4行为最大无关组ans =3>> b=a([1 2 4],:)';c=a([3 5],:)';>> b\c %线性表示的系数ans =0.5000 5.0000-0.5000 1.00000 -5.0000%Exercise 10>> a=[1 -2 2;-2 -2 4;2 4 -2]>> [v,d]=eig(a)v =0.3333 0.9339 -0.12930.6667 -0.3304 -0.6681-0.6667 0.1365 -0.7327d =-7.0000 0 00 2.0000 00 0 2.0000>> v'*vans =1.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 1.0000 00.0000 0 1.0000 %v确实是正交矩阵%Exercise 11%设经过6个电阻的电流分别为i1, ..., i6. 列方程组如下%20-2i1=a; 5-3i2=c; a-3i3=c; a-4i4=b; c-5i5=b; b-3i6=0;%i1=i3+i4;i5=i2+i3;i6=i4+i5;%计算如下>> A=[1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0;0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0;1 0 -1 0 0 -3 0 0 0; 1 -1 0 0 0 0 -4 0 0;0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 -5 0;0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3; 0 0 0 1 0 -1 -1 0 0;0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 1 0;0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 1];>>b=[20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]'; A\bans =13.34536.44018.54203.3274-1.18071.60111.72630.42042.1467%Exercise 12>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];>> left=sum(eig(A)), right=sum(trace(A))left =6.0000right =6>> left=prod(eig(A)), right=det(A) %原题有错, (-1)^n应删去left =27.0000right =27>> fA=(A-p(1)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(2)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(3)*eye(3,3)) fA =1.0e-012 *0.0853 0.1421 0.02840.1421 0.1421 0-0.0568 -0.1137 0.1705>> norm(fA) %f(A)范数接近0ans =2.9536e-013%Exercise 1(1)roots([1 1 1])%Exercise 1(2)roots([3 0 -4 0 2 -1])%Exercise 1(3)p=zeros(1,24);p([1 17 18 22])=[5 -6 8 -5];roots(p)%Exercise 1(4)p1=[2 3];p2=conv(p1, p1);p3=conv(p1, p2);p3(end)=p3(end)-4; %原p3最后一个分量-4roots(p3)%Exercise 2fun=inline('x*log(sqrt(x^2-1)+x)-sqrt(x^2-1)-0.5*x');fzero(fun,2)%Exercise 3fun=inline('x^4-2^x');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on;fzero(fun,-1),fzero(fun,1),fminbnd(fun,0.5,1.5)%Exercise 4fun=inline('x*sin(1/x)','x');fplot(fun, [-0.1 0.1]);x=zeros(1,10);for i=1:10, x(i)=fzero(fun,(i-0.5)*0.01);end;x=[x,-x]%Exercise 5fun=inline('[9*x(1)^2+36*x(2)^2+4*x(3)^2-36;x(1)^2-2*x(2)^2-20*x(3);16*x(1)-x(1)^3-2*x(2)^ 2-16*x(3)^2]','x');[a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0 0 0])%Exercise 6fun=@(x)[x(1)-0.7*sin(x(1))-0.2*cos(x(2)),x(2)-0.7*cos(x(1))+0.2*sin(x(2))];[a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0.5 0.5])%Exercise 7clear; close; t=0:pi/100:2*pi;x1=2+sqrt(5)*cos(t); y1=3-2*x1+sqrt(5)*sin(t);x2=3+sqrt(2)*cos(t); y2=6*sin(t);plot(x1,y1,x2,y2); grid on; %作图发现4个解的大致位置，然后分别求解y1=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.5,2])y2=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.8,-2])y3=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[3.5,-5])y4=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[4,-4])%Exercise 8(1)clear;fun=inline('x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on; %作图观察x(1)=-2;x(3)=fminbnd(fun,-1,-0.5);x(5)=fminbnd(fun,1,2);fun2=inline('-x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');x(2)=fminbnd(fun2,-2,-1);x(4)=fminbnd(fun2,-0.5,0.5);x(6)=2feval(fun,x)%答案: 以上x(1)(3)(5)是局部极小，x(2)(4)(6)是局部极大，从最后一句知道x(1)全局最小，x(2)最大。

MATLB数学实验(胡良剑)第十,十一十二章部分答案

end; end; notintx=find(abs(x-round(x))>0.00005); %in order to avoid error intx=fix(x);tempvlb=vlb;tempvub=vub; if vub(notintx(1,1),1)>=intx(notintx(1,1),1)+1
第十章
第一题
f = [-3;4;-2;5];A =[1,1,3,-1;2,-3,1,-2]; b = [14;-2];Aeq = [4,-1,2,-1];beq = -2; i = 1:3;lb(i) = zeros(3,1); lb(4) = -inf; [x,feval] =linprog(f,A,b,Aeq,beq,lb) Optimization terminated.
rgeScale='off';end
if nargin<9,id=ones(size(f));end
if nargin<8,x=[];end
if nargin<7|isempty(ub),ub=inf*ones(size(f));end
if nargin<6|isempty(lb),lb=zeros(size(f));end
switching to medium-scale (line search).
> In fmincon at 260
Optimization terminated: first-order optimality measure less
than options.TolFun and maximum constraint violation is less
[tmpd,j]=min(W(i,V)); tmpj=V(j); for k=2:ndd

数学实验第四章函数和方程习题MATLAB编码(胡良剑版)

%?f是非线性函数
%p0,p1是初始值
%delta是给定允许误差
%m是p1-p0的误差估计?
%k是所需
%要的迭代次数?%y=f(p1)
% K=0,p0,p1,feval('f',p0),feval('f',p1)
% for k=1:max1
% if(f1==0)
% root=a;
% end
% if(f2==0)
% root=b;
% end
% if(f1*f2>0)
% disp('两端点函数值乘积大于0!');
% return;
% else
% tol=1;
% fun=diff(sym(f));
% fa=subs(sym(f),findsym(sym(f)),a);
% x=fminsearch(fun,[0 0]) %求极小值
% fun2=inline('-(x(2)^3/9+3*x(1)^2*x(2)+9*x(1)^2+x(2)^2+x(1)*x(2)+9)');
% x=fminsearch(fun2,[0 -5]) %求极大值
%第10题
% t=0:24;
% c=[15 14 14 14 14 15 16 18 20 22 23 25 28 ...
% x(2)=fminsearch(fun2,-2.5);
% x(4)=3;
% feval(fun,x)
%第8题（3）
% fun=inline('abs(x^3-x^2-x-2)');
% fplot(fun,[0 3]);grid on; %作图观察

MATLAB习题参(胡良剑,孙晓君)

3、用循环语句形成 Fibonacci 数列 F1 = F2 = 1, Fk = Fk−1 + Fk−2 , k = 3,4,.... 。并验证极限
Fk → 1 + 5 （提示：计算至两边误差小于精度 1e-8 为止）
Fk −1
2
解：求 Fibonacci 数列的函数文件：
function f=fun(n)
（7）三条曲线合成图 y1 =sinx, y2 =sintsin1( 0x),y3 = −sinx,0 < x <π
图（4.2）
解：（错误）>> x=[-3:0.1:3];y=[-3:0.1:3];z=x.^2+y.^2; plot3(x,y,z) ％如图（4.31）（正确）>> xa=-3:0.1:3;ya=-3:0.1:3;[x,y]=meshgrid(xa,ya); ％如图（4.32）
>> z=x.^2+y.^2;mesh(x,y,z);
第一章 MATLAB 入门
4、求近似解解：>> x=-2:0.05:2;y=x.^4-2.^x
两个近似解：y1=f(-0.85)= -0.0328; y2=f(1.250)= 0.0630
第二章 MATLAB 编程与作图
1、设 x 是数组，求均值和方差
解：函数文件如下：
function [xx,s]=func1(x)
if n<=2
f=1; else
f=fun(n-1)+fun(n-2);
end
验证极限的函数文件：
function [k,a]=funTest(e) a=abs(1-(1+sqrt(5))/2); k=2; while(a>e)

东华大学MATLAB数学实验第二版答案(胡良剑)精编版

数学实验答案Chapter 1Page20,ex1(5) 等于[exp(1),exp(2);exp(3),exp(4)](7) 3=1*3, 8=2*4(8) a为各列最小值，b为最小值所在的行号(10) 1>=4,false, 2>=3,false, 3>=2, ture, 4>=1,ture(11) 答案表明：编址第2元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第4元素满足不等式(40>=10)(12) 答案表明：编址第2行第1列元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第2行第2列元素满足不等式(40>=10)Page20, ex2(1)a, b, c的值尽管都是1，但数据类型分别为数值，字符，逻辑，注意a与c相等，但他们不等于b(2)double(fun)输出的分别是字符a,b,s,(,x,)的ASCII码Page20,ex3>> r=2;p=0.5;n=12;>> T=log(r)/n/log(1+0.01*p)Page20,ex4>> x=-2:0.05:2;f=x.^4-2.^x;>> [fmin,min_index]=min(f)最小值最小值点编址>> x(min_index)ans =0.6500 最小值点>> [f1,x1_index]=min(abs(f)) 求近似根--绝对值最小的点f1 =0.0328x1_index =24>> x(x1_index)ans =-0.8500>> x(x1_index)=[];f=x.^4-2.^x; 删去绝对值最小的点以求函数绝对值次小的点>> [f2,x2_index]=min(abs(f)) 求另一近似根--函数绝对值次小的点f2 =0.0630x2_index =65>> x(x2_index)ans =1.2500>> z=magic(10)z =92 99 1 8 15 67 74 51 58 4098 80 7 14 16 73 55 57 64 414 81 88 20 22 54 56 63 70 4785 87 19 21 3 60 62 69 71 2886 93 25 2 9 61 68 75 52 3417 24 76 83 90 42 49 26 33 6523 5 82 89 91 48 30 32 39 6679 6 13 95 97 29 31 38 45 7210 12 94 96 78 35 37 44 46 5311 18 100 77 84 36 43 50 27 59>> sum(z)>> sum(diag(z))>> z(:,2)/sqrt(3)>> z(8,:)=z(8,:)+z(3,:)Chapter 2Page 45 ex1先在编辑器窗口写下列M函数，保存为eg2_1.m function [xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)n=length(x);xbar=sum(x)/n;s=sqrt((sum(x.^2)-n*xbar^2)/(n-1));例如>>x=[81 70 65 51 76 66 90 87 61 77];>>[xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)Page 45 ex2s=log(1);n=0;while s<=100n=n+1;s=s+log(1+n);endm=nPage 40 ex3clear;F(1)=1;F(2)=1;k=2;x=0;e=1e-8; a=(1+sqrt(5))/2;while abs(x-a)>ek=k+1;F(k)=F(k-1)+F(k-2); x=F(k)/F(k-1);enda,x,k计算至k=21可满足精度clear;tic;s=0;for i=1:1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1;while i<=1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;i=i+1;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1:1000000;s=sqrt(3)*sum(1./2.^i);s,tocPage 45 ex5t=0:24;c=[15 14 14 14 14 15 16 18 20 22 23 25 28 ...31 32 31 29 27 25 24 22 20 18 17 16];plot(t,c)Page 45 ex6(1)x=-2:0.1:2;y=x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2);plot(x,y)y=inline('x^2*sin(x^2-x-2)');fplot(y,[-2 2]) (2)参数方法t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);x=2*cos(t);y=3*sin(t); plot(x,y)(3)x=-3:0.1:3;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^2+y.^2;surf(x,y,z)(4)x=-3:0.1:3;y=-3:0.1:13;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^4+3*x.^2+y.^2-2*x-2*y-2*x.^2.*y+6;surf(x,y,z)(5)t=0:0.01:2*pi;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);z=cos(2*t);plot3(x,y,z)(6)theta=linspace(0,2*pi,50);fai=linspace(0,pi/2,20); [theta,fai]=meshgrid(theta,fai);x=2*sin(fai).*cos(theta);y=2*sin(fai).*sin(theta);z=2*cos(fai);surf(x,y,z)(7)x=linspace(0,pi,100);y1=sin(x);y2=sin(x).*sin(10*x);y3=-sin(x);plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3)page45, ex7x=-1.5:0.05:1.5;y=1.1*(x>1.1)+x.*(x<=1.1).*(x>=-1.1)-1.1*(x<-1.1);plot(x,y)page45,ex9clear;close;x=-2:0.1:2;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);a=0.5457;b=0.7575;p=a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2-1.5*x).*(x+y>1);p=p+b*exp(-y.^2-6*x.^2).*(x+y>-1).*(x+y<=1);p=p+a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2+1.5*x).*(x+y<=-1);mesh(x,y,p)page45, ex10lookfor lyapunovhelp lyap>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];C=[2 -5 -22;-5 -24 -56;-22 -56 -16];>> X=lyap(A,C)X =1.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000-1.0000 2.0000 1.0000-0.0000 1.0000 7.0000Chapter 3Page65 Ex1>> a=[1,2,3];b=[2,4,3];a./b,a.\b,a/b,a\bans =0.5000 0.5000 1.0000ans =2 2 1ans =0.6552 一元方程组x[2,4,3]=[1,2,3]的近似解ans =0 0 00 0 00.6667 1.3333 1.0000矩阵方程[1,2,3][x11,x12,x13;x21,x22,x23;x31,x32,x33]=[2,4,3]的特解Page65 Ex 2(1)>> A=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[9;-2;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b]) [A,b]为增广矩阵ans =3ans =3 可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\bx =2.38301.48942.0213(2)>> A=[4 -3 3;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[-1;-2;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =3ans =3 可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\bx =-0.4706-0.2941(3)>> A=[4 1;3 2;1 -5];b=[1;1;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =2ans =3 可见方程组无解>> x=A\bx =0.3311-0.1219 最小二乘近似解(4)>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1 2 3]';%注意b的写法>> rank(a),rank([a,b])ans =3ans =3 rank(a)==rank([a,b])<4说明有无穷多解>> a\bans =110 一个特解Page65 Ex3>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1,2,3]';>> x=null(a),x0=a\bx =-0.62550.6255-0.20850.4170x0 =11通解kx+x0Page65 Ex 4>> x0=[0.2 0.8]';a=[0.99 0.05;0.01 0.95];>> x1=a*x, x2=a^2*x, x10=a^10*x>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,xx =0.83330.1667>> x0=[0.8 0.2]';>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,xx =0.83330.1667>> [v,e]=eig(a)v =0.9806 -0.70710.1961 0.7071e =1.0000 00 0.9400>> v(:,1)./xans =1.17671.1767 成比例，说明x是最大特征值对应的特征向量Page65 Ex5用到公式(3.11)(3.12)>> B=[6,2,1;2.25,1,0.2;3,0.2,1.8];x=[25 5 20]'; >> C=B/diag(x)C =0.2400 0.4000 0.05000.0900 0.2000 0.01000.1200 0.0400 0.0900>> A=eye(3,3)-CA =0.7600 -0.4000 -0.0500-0.0900 0.8000 -0.0100-0.1200 -0.0400 0.9100>> D=[17 17 17]';x=A\Dx =37.569625.786224.7690Page65 Ex 6(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =-94ans =0.2553 -0.0213 0.04260.1596 -0.1383 -0.22340.1809 -0.2234 -0.0532v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 3.6760 00 0 8.3766(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =1ans =2.0000 -2.0000 1.00001.0000 -1.0000 1.00002.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i(3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> det(A),inv(A), [v,d]=eig(A)ans =1ans =68.0000 -41.0000 -17.0000 10.0000-41.0000 25.0000 10.0000 -6.0000-17.0000 10.0000 5.0000 -3.000010.0000 -6.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.5209d =0.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887(4)(以n=5为例)方法一（三个for）n=5;for i=1:n, a(i,i)=5;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i,i+1)=6;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i+1,i)=1;enda方法二（一个for）n=5;a=zeros(n,n);a(1,1:2)=[5 6];for i=2:(n-1),a(i,[i-1,i,i+1])=[1 5 6];enda(n,[n-1 n])=[1 5];a方法三（不用for）n=5;a=diag(5*ones(n,1));b=diag(6*ones(n-1,1));c=diag(ones(n-1,1));a=a+[zeros(n-1,1),b;zeros(1,n)]+[zeros(1,n);c,zeros(n-1,1)] 下列计算>> det(a)ans =665>> inv(a)ans =0.3173 -0.5865 1.0286 -1.6241 1.9489-0.0977 0.4887 -0.8571 1.3534 -1.62410.0286 -0.1429 0.5429 -0.8571 1.0286-0.0075 0.0376 -0.1429 0.4887 -0.58650.0015 -0.0075 0.0286 -0.0977 0.3173>> [v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.7843 -0.7843 -0.9237 0.9860 -0.92370.5546 -0.5546 -0.3771 -0.0000 0.3771-0.2614 -0.2614 0.0000 -0.1643 0.00000.0924 -0.0924 0.0628 -0.0000 -0.0628-0.0218 -0.0218 0.0257 0.0274 0.0257d =0.7574 0 0 0 00 9.2426 0 0 00 0 7.4495 0 00 0 0 5.0000 00 0 0 0 2.5505Page65 Ex 7(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];[v,d]=eig(a)v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 3.6760 00 0 8.3766>> det(v)ans =-0.9255 %v行列式正常, 特征向量线性相关，可对角化>> inv(v)*a*v 验算ans =-3.0527 0.0000 -0.00000.0000 3.6760 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 8.3766>> [v2,d2]=jordan(a) 也可用jordanv2 =0.0798 0.0076 0.91270.1886 -0.3141 0.1256-0.1605 -0.2607 0.4213 特征向量不同d2 =8.3766 0 00 -3.0527 - 0.0000i 00 0 3.6760 + 0.0000i>> v2\a*v2ans =8.3766 0 0.00000.0000 -3.0527 0.00000.0000 0.0000 3.6760>> v(:,1)./v2(:,2) 对应相同特征值的特征向量成比例ans =2.44912.44912.4491(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];[v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i>> det(v)ans =-5.0566e-028 -5.1918e-017i v的行列式接近0, 特征向量线性相关，不可对角化>> [v,d]=jordan(a)v =1 0 11 0 01 -1 0d =1 1 00 1 10 0 1 jordan标准形不是对角的，所以不可对角化(3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> [v,d]=eig(A)v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.5209d =0.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887>> inv(v)*A*vans =0.0102 0.0000 -0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.8431 -0.0000 -0.0000-0.0000 0.0000 3.8581 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 0 30.2887本题用jordan不行, 原因未知(4)参考6(4)和7(1)Page65 Exercise 8只有(3)对称, 且特征值全部大于零, 所以是正定矩阵. Page65 Exercise 9(1)>> a=[4 -3 1 3;2 -1 3 5;1 -1 -1 -1;3 -2 3 4;7 -6 -7 0]>> rank(a)ans =3>> rank(a(1:3,:))ans =2>> rank(a([1 2 4],:)) 1,2,4行为最大无关组ans =3>> b=a([1 2 4],:)';c=a([3 5],:)';>> b\c 线性表示的系数ans =0.5000 5.0000-0.5000 1.00000 -5.0000Page65 Exercise 10>> a=[1 -2 2;-2 -2 4;2 4 -2]>> [v,d]=eig(a)v =0.3333 0.9339 -0.12930.6667 -0.3304 -0.6681-0.6667 0.1365 -0.7327d =-7.0000 0 00 2.0000 00 0 2.0000>> v'*vans =1.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 1.0000 00.0000 0 1.0000 v确实是正交矩阵Page65 Exercise 11设经过6个电阻的电流分别为i1, ..., i6. 列方程组如下20-2i1=a; 5-3i2=c; a-3i3=c; a-4i4=b; c-5i5=b; b-3i6=0;i1=i3+i4;i5=i2+i3;i6=i4+i5;计算如下>> A=[1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0;0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0;1 0 -1 0 0 -3 0 0 0; 1 -1 0 0 0 0 -4 0 0;0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 -5 0;0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3; 0 0 0 1 0 -1 -1 0 0;0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 1 0;0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 1];>>b=[20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]'; A\bans =13.34536.44018.54203.3274-1.18071.60111.72630.42042.1467Page65 Exercise 12>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];>> left=sum(eig(A)), right=sum(trace(A))left =6.0000right =6>> left=prod(eig(A)), right=det(A) 原题有错, (-1)^n应删去left =27.0000right =27>> fA=(A-p(1)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(2)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(3)*eye(3,3)) fA =1.0e-012 *0.0853 0.1421 0.02840.1421 0.1421 0-0.0568 -0.1137 0.1705>> norm(fA) f(A)范数接近0ans =2.9536e-013Chapter 4Page84 Exercise 1(1)roots([1 1 1])(2)roots([3 0 -4 0 2 -1])(3)p=zeros(1,24);p([1 17 18 22])=[5 -6 8 -5];roots(p)(4)p1=[2 3];p2=conv(p1, p1);p3=conv(p1, p2);p3(end)=p3(end)-4; %原p3最后一个分量-4roots(p3)Page84 Exercise 2fun=inline('x*log(sqrt(x^2-1)+x)-sqrt(x^2-1)-0.5*x');fzero(fun,2)Page84 Exercise 3fun=inline('x^4-2^x');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on;fzero(fun,-1),fzero(fun,1),fminbnd(fun,0.5,1.5)Page84 Exercise 4fun=inline('x*sin(1/x)','x');fplot(fun, [-0.1 0.1]);x=zeros(1,10);for i=1:10, x(i)=fzero(fun,(i-0.5)*0.01);end;x=[x,-x]Page84 Exercise 5fun=inline('[9*x(1)^2+36*x(2)^2+4*x(3)^2-36;x(1)^2-2*x(2)^2-20*x(3);16*x(1)-x(1)^3-2*x(2)^ 2-16*x(3)^2]','x');[a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0 0 0])Page84 Exercise 6fun=@(x)[x(1)-0.7*sin(x(1))-0.2*cos(x(2)),x(2)-0.7*cos(x(1))+0.2*sin(x(2))];[a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0.5 0.5])Page84 Exercise 7clear; close; t=0:pi/100:2*pi;x1=2+sqrt(5)*cos(t); y1=3-2*x1+sqrt(5)*sin(t);x2=3+sqrt(2)*cos(t); y2=6*sin(t);plot(x1,y1,x2,y2); grid on; 作图发现4个解的大致位置，然后分别求解y1=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.5,2])y2=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.8,-2])y3=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[3.5,-5])y4=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[4,-4])Page84 Exercise 8(1)clear;fun=inline('x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on; 作图观察x(1)=-2;x(3)=fminbnd(fun,-1,-0.5);x(5)=fminbnd(fun,1,2);fun2=inline('-x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');x(2)=fminbnd(fun2,-2,-1);x(4)=fminbnd(fun2,-0.5,0.5);x(6)=2feval(fun,x)答案: 以上x(1)(3)(5)是局部极小，x(2)(4)(6)是局部极大，从最后一句知道x(1)全局最小，x(2)最大。

matlab数学实验习题全部答案(胡良剑)

数学实验答案%Page20,ex1(5) 等于[exp(1),exp(2);exp(3),exp(4)](7) 3=1*3, 8=2*4(8) a为各列最小值，b为最小值所在的行号(10) 1>=4,false, 2>=3,false, 3>=2, ture, 4>=1,ture(11) 答案表明：编址第2元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第4元素满足不等式(40>=10)(12) 答案表明：编址第2行第1列元素满足不等式(30>=20)和编址第2行第2列元素满足不等式(40>=10)%Page20, ex2(1)a, b, c的值尽管都是1，但数据类型分别为数值，字符，逻辑，注意a与c相等，但他们不等于b(2)double(fun)输出的分别是字符a,b,s,(,x,)的ASCII码%Page20,ex3>> r=2;p=0.5;n=12;>> T=log(r)/n/log(1+0.01*p)T =11.5813%Page20,ex4>> x=-2:0.05:2;f=x.^4-2.^x;>> [fmin,min_index]=min(f)fmin =-1.3907 %最小值min_index =54 %最小值点编址>> x(min_index)ans =0.6500 %最小值点>> [f1,x1_index]=min(abs(f)) %求近似根--绝对值最小的点f1 =0.0328x1_index =24>> x(x1_index)ans =-0.8500>> x(x1_index)=[];f=x.^4-2.^x; %删去绝对值最小的点以求函数绝对值次小的点>> [f2,x2_index]=min(abs(f)) %求另一近似根--函数绝对值次小的点f2 =0.0630x2_index =65>> x(x2_index)ans =1.2500%Page20,ex5>> z=magic(10)z =92 99 1 8 15 67 74 51 58 4098 80 7 14 16 73 55 57 64 414 81 88 20 22 54 56 63 70 4785 87 19 21 3 60 62 69 71 2886 93 25 2 9 61 68 75 52 3417 24 76 83 90 42 49 26 33 6523 5 82 89 91 48 30 32 39 6679 6 13 95 97 29 31 38 45 7210 12 94 96 78 35 37 44 46 5311 18 100 77 84 36 43 50 27 59>> sum(z)ans =505 505 505 505 505 505 505 505 505 505 >> sum(diag(z))ans =505>> z(:,2)/sqrt(3)ans =57.157746.188046.765450.229553.693613.85642.88683.46416.928210.3923>> z(8,:)=z(8,:)+z(3,:)z =92 99 1 8 15 67 74 51 58 4098 80 7 14 16 73 55 57 64 414 81 88 20 22 54 56 63 70 4785 87 19 21 3 60 62 69 71 2886 93 25 2 9 61 68 75 52 3417 24 76 83 90 42 49 26 33 6523 5 82 89 91 48 30 32 39 6683 87 101 115 119 83 87 101 115 11910 12 94 96 78 35 37 44 46 5311 18 100 77 84 36 43 50 27 59%Page 40 ex1先在编辑器窗口写下列M函数，保存为eg2_1.m function [xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)n=length(x);xbar=sum(x)/n;s=sqrt((sum(x.^2)-n*xbar^2)/(n-1));例如>>x=[81 70 65 51 76 66 90 87 61 77];>>[xbar,s]=ex2_1(x)xbar =72.4000s =12.1124%Page 40 ex2s=log(1);n=0;while s<=100n=n+1;s=s+log(1+n);endm=n计算结果m=37%Page 40 ex3clear;F(1)=1;F(2)=1;k=2;x=0;e=1e-8; a=(1+sqrt(5))/2;while abs(x-a)>ek=k+1;F(k)=F(k-1)+F(k-2); x=F(k)/F(k-1);enda,x,k计算至k=21可满足精度%Page 40 ex4clear;tic;s=0;for i=1:1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1;while i<=1000000s=s+sqrt(3)/2^i;i=i+1;ends,toctic;s=0;i=1:1000000;s=sqrt(3)*sum(1./2.^i);s,toc%Page 40 ex5t=0:24;c=[15 14 14 14 14 15 16 18 20 22 23 25 28 ...31 32 31 29 27 25 24 22 20 18 17 16];plot(t,c)%Page 40 ex6%(1)x=-2:0.1:2;y=x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2);plot(x,y)y=inline('x^2*sin(x^2-x-2)');fplot(y,[-2 2])%(2)参数方法t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);x=2*cos(t);y=3*sin(t); plot(x,y)%(3)x=-3:0.1:3;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^2+y.^2;surf(x,y,z)%(4)x=-3:0.1:3;y=-3:0.1:13;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);z=x.^4+3*x.^2+y.^2-2*x-2*y-2*x.^2.*y+6;surf(x,y,z)%(5)t=0:0.01:2*pi;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);z=cos(2*t);plot3(x,y,z)%(6)theta=linspace(0,2*pi,50);fai=linspace(0,pi/2,20); [theta,fai]=meshgrid(theta,fai);x=2*sin(fai).*cos(theta);y=2*sin(fai).*sin(theta);z=2*cos(fai);surf(x,y,z)%(7)x=linspace(0,pi,100);y1=sin(x);y2=sin(x).*sin(10*x);y3=-sin(x);plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3)%page41, ex7x=-1.5:0.05:1.5;y=1.1*(x>1.1)+x.*(x<=1.1).*(x>=-1.1)-1.1*(x<-1.1);plot(x,y)%page41,ex8分别使用which trapz, type trapz, dir C:\MA TLAB7\toolbox\matlab\datafun\ %page41,ex9clear;close;x=-2:0.1:2;y=x;[x,y]=meshgrid(x,y);a=0.5457;b=0.7575;p=a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2-1.5*x).*(x+y>1);p=p+b*exp(-y.^2-6*x.^2).*(x+y>-1).*(x+y<=1);p=p+a*exp(-0.75*y.^2-3.75*x.^2+1.5*x).*(x+y<=-1);mesh(x,y,p)%page41, ex10lookfor lyapunovhelp lyap>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];C=[2 -5 -22;-5 -24 -56;-22 -56 -16];>> X=lyap(A,C)X =1.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000-1.0000 2.0000 1.0000-0.0000 1.0000 7.0000%Chapter 3%Exercise 1>> a=[1,2,3];b=[2,4,3];a./b,a.\b,a/b,a\bans =0.5000 0.5000 1.0000ans =2 2 1ans =0.6552 %一元方程组x[2,4,3]=[1,2,3]的近似解ans =0 0 00 0 00.6667 1.3333 1.0000%矩阵方程[1,2,3][x11,x12,x13;x21,x22,x23;x31,x32,x33]=[2,4,3]的特解%Exercise 2(1)>> A=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[9;-2;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b]) %[A,b]为增广矩阵ans =3ans =3 %可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\bx =2.38301.48942.0213%Exercise 2(2)>> A=[4 -3 3;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];b=[-1;-2;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =3ans =3 %可见方程组唯一解>> x=A\bx =-0.4706-0.2941%Exercise 2(3)>> A=[4 1;3 2;1 -5];b=[1;1;1];>> rank(A), rank([A,b])ans =2ans =3 %可见方程组无解>> x=A\bx =0.3311-0.1219 %最小二乘近似解%Exercise 2(4)>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1 2 3]';%注意b的写法>> rank(a),rank([a,b])ans =3ans =3 %rank(a)==rank([a,b])<4说明有无穷多解>> a\bans =110 %一个特解%Exercise 3>> a=[2,1,-1,1;1,2,1,-1;1,1,2,1];b=[1,2,3]';>> x=null(a),x0=a\bx =-0.62550.6255-0.20850.4170x0 =11%通解kx+x0%Exercise 4>> x0=[0.2 0.8]';a=[0.99 0.05;0.01 0.95];>> x1=a*x, x2=a^2*x, x10=a^10*x>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,xx =0.83330.1667>> x0=[0.8 0.2]';>> x=x0;for i=1:1000,x=a*x;end,xx =0.83330.1667>> [v,e]=eig(a)v =0.9806 -0.70710.1961 0.7071e =1.0000 00 0.9400>> v(:,1)./xans =1.17671.1767 %成比例，说明x是最大特征值对应的特征向量%Exercise 5%用到公式(3.11)(3.12)>> B=[6,2,1;2.25,1,0.2;3,0.2,1.8];x=[25 5 20]';>> C=B/diag(x)C =0.2400 0.4000 0.05000.0900 0.2000 0.01000.1200 0.0400 0.0900>> A=eye(3,3)-CA =0.7600 -0.4000 -0.0500-0.0900 0.8000 -0.0100-0.1200 -0.0400 0.9100>> D=[17 17 17]';x=A\Dx =37.569625.786224.7690%Exercise 6(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =-94ans =0.2553 -0.0213 0.04260.1596 -0.1383 -0.22340.1809 -0.2234 -0.0532v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 3.6760 00 0 8.3766%Exercise 6(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];det(a),inv(a),[v,d]=eig(a) ans =1ans =2.0000 -2.0000 1.00001.0000 -1.0000 1.00002.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i%Exercise 6(3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> det(A),inv(A), [v,d]=eig(A)ans =1ans =68.0000 -41.0000 -17.0000 10.0000-41.0000 25.0000 10.0000 -6.0000-17.0000 10.0000 5.0000 -3.000010.0000 -6.0000 -3.0000 2.0000v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.5209d =0.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887%Exercise 6(4)(以n=5为例)%关键是矩阵的定义%方法一（三个for）n=5;for i=1:n, a(i,i)=5;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i,i+1)=6;endfor i=1:(n-1),a(i+1,i)=1;enda%方法二（一个for）n=5;a=zeros(n,n);a(1,1:2)=[5 6];for i=2:(n-1),a(i,[i-1,i,i+1])=[1 5 6];enda(n,[n-1 n])=[1 5];a%方法三（不用for）n=5;a=diag(5*ones(n,1));b=diag(6*ones(n-1,1));c=diag(ones(n-1,1));a=a+[zeros(n-1,1),b;zeros(1,n)]+[zeros(1,n);c,zeros(n-1,1)] %下列计算>> det(a)ans =665>> inv(a)ans =0.3173 -0.5865 1.0286 -1.6241 1.9489-0.0977 0.4887 -0.8571 1.3534 -1.62410.0286 -0.1429 0.5429 -0.8571 1.0286-0.0075 0.0376 -0.1429 0.4887 -0.58650.0015 -0.0075 0.0286 -0.0977 0.3173>> [v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.7843 -0.7843 -0.9237 0.9860 -0.92370.5546 -0.5546 -0.3771 -0.0000 0.3771-0.2614 -0.2614 0.0000 -0.1643 0.00000.0924 -0.0924 0.0628 -0.0000 -0.0628-0.0218 -0.0218 0.0257 0.0274 0.0257d =0.7574 0 0 0 00 9.2426 0 0 00 0 7.4495 0 00 0 0 5.0000 00 0 0 0 2.5505%Exercise 7(1)>> a=[4 1 -1;3 2 -6;1 -5 3];[v,d]=eig(a)v =0.0185 -0.9009 -0.3066-0.7693 -0.1240 -0.7248-0.6386 -0.4158 0.6170d =-3.0527 0 00 3.6760 00 0 8.3766>> det(v)ans =-0.9255 %v行列式正常, 特征向量线性相关，可对角化>> inv(v)*a*v %验算ans =-3.0527 0.0000 -0.00000.0000 3.6760 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 8.3766>> [v2,d2]=jordan(a) %也可用jordanv2 =0.0798 0.0076 0.91270.1886 -0.3141 0.1256-0.1605 -0.2607 0.4213 %特征向量不同d2 =8.3766 0 00 -3.0527 - 0.0000i 00 0 3.6760 + 0.0000i>> v2\a*v2ans =8.3766 0 0.00000.0000 -3.0527 0.00000.0000 0.0000 3.6760>> v(:,1)./v2(:,2) %对应相同特征值的特征向量成比例ans =2.44912.44912.4491%Exercise 7(2)>> a=[1 1 -1;0 2 -1;-1 2 0];[v,d]=eig(a)v =-0.5773 0.5774 + 0.0000i 0.5774 - 0.0000i-0.5773 0.5774 0.5774-0.5774 0.5773 - 0.0000i 0.5773 + 0.0000id =1.0000 0 00 1.0000 + 0.0000i 00 0 1.0000 - 0.0000i>> det(v)ans =-5.0566e-028 -5.1918e-017i %v的行列式接近0, 特征向量线性相关，不可对角化>> [v,d]=jordan(a)v =1 0 11 0 01 -1 0d =1 1 00 1 10 0 1 %jordan标准形不是对角的，所以不可对角化%Exercise 7(3)>> A=[5 7 6 5;7 10 8 7;6 8 10 9;5 7 9 10]A =5 76 57 10 8 76 8 10 95 7 9 10>> [v,d]=eig(A)v =0.8304 0.0933 0.3963 0.3803-0.5016 -0.3017 0.6149 0.5286-0.2086 0.7603 -0.2716 0.55200.1237 -0.5676 -0.6254 0.5209d =0.0102 0 0 00 0.8431 0 00 0 3.8581 00 0 0 30.2887>> inv(v)*A*vans =0.0102 0.0000 -0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.8431 -0.0000 -0.0000-0.0000 0.0000 3.8581 -0.0000-0.0000 -0.0000 0 30.2887%本题用jordan不行, 原因未知%Exercise 7(4)参考6(4)和7(1), 略%Exercise 8 只有(3)对称, 且特征值全部大于零, 所以是正定矩阵. %Exercise 9(1)>> a=[4 -3 1 3;2 -1 3 5;1 -1 -1 -1;3 -2 3 4;7 -6 -7 0]>> rank(a)ans =3>> rank(a(1:3,:))ans =2>> rank(a([1 2 4],:)) %1,2,4行为最大无关组ans =3>> b=a([1 2 4],:)';c=a([3 5],:)';>> b\c %线性表示的系数ans =0.5000 5.0000-0.5000 1.00000 -5.0000%Exercise 10>> a=[1 -2 2;-2 -2 4;2 4 -2]>> [v,d]=eig(a)v =0.3333 0.9339 -0.12930.6667 -0.3304 -0.6681-0.6667 0.1365 -0.7327d =-7.0000 0 00 2.0000 00 0 2.0000>> v'*vans =1.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 1.0000 00.0000 0 1.0000 %v确实是正交矩阵%Exercise 11%设经过6个电阻的电流分别为i1, ..., i6. 列方程组如下%20-2i1=a; 5-3i2=c; a-3i3=c; a-4i4=b; c-5i5=b; b-3i6=0;%i1=i3+i4;i5=i2+i3;i6=i4+i5;%计算如下>> A=[1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0;0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0;1 0 -1 0 0 -3 0 0 0; 1 -1 0 0 0 0 -4 0 0;0 -1 1 0 0 0 0 -5 0;0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3; 0 0 0 1 0 -1 -1 0 0;0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 1 0;0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 1];>>b=[20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]'; A\bans =13.34536.44018.54203.3274-1.18071.60111.72630.42042.1467%Exercise 12>> A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0];>> left=sum(eig(A)), right=sum(trace(A))left =6.0000right =6>> left=prod(eig(A)), right=det(A) %原题有错, (-1)^n应删去left =27.0000right =27>> fA=(A-p(1)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(2)*eye(3,3))*(A-p(3)*eye(3,3)) fA =1.0e-012 *0.0853 0.1421 0.02840.1421 0.1421 0-0.0568 -0.1137 0.1705>> norm(fA) %f(A)范数接近0ans =2.9536e-013%Exercise 1(1)roots([1 1 1])%Exercise 1(2)roots([3 0 -4 0 2 -1])%Exercise 1(3)p=zeros(1,24);p([1 17 18 22])=[5 -6 8 -5];roots(p)%Exercise 1(4)p1=[2 3];p2=conv(p1, p1);p3=conv(p1, p2);p3(end)=p3(end)-4; %原p3最后一个分量-4roots(p3)%Exercise 2fun=inline('x*log(sqrt(x^2-1)+x)-sqrt(x^2-1)-0.5*x');fzero(fun,2)%Exercise 3fun=inline('x^4-2^x');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on;fzero(fun,-1),fzero(fun,1),fminbnd(fun,0.5,1.5)%Exercise 4fun=inline('x*sin(1/x)','x');fplot(fun, [-0.1 0.1]);x=zeros(1,10);for i=1:10, x(i)=fzero(fun,(i-0.5)*0.01);end;x=[x,-x]%Exercise 5fun=inline('[9*x(1)^2+36*x(2)^2+4*x(3)^2-36;x(1)^2-2*x(2)^2-20*x(3);16*x(1)-x(1)^3-2*x(2)^ 2-16*x(3)^2]','x');[a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0 0 0])%Exercise 6fun=@(x)[x(1)-0.7*sin(x(1))-0.2*cos(x(2)),x(2)-0.7*cos(x(1))+0.2*sin(x(2))];[a,b,c]=fsolve(fun,[0.5 0.5])%Exercise 7clear; close; t=0:pi/100:2*pi;x1=2+sqrt(5)*cos(t); y1=3-2*x1+sqrt(5)*sin(t);x2=3+sqrt(2)*cos(t); y2=6*sin(t);plot(x1,y1,x2,y2); grid on; %作图发现4个解的大致位置，然后分别求解y1=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.5,2])y2=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[1.8,-2])y3=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[3.5,-5])y4=fsolve('[(x(1)-2)^2+(x(2)-3+2*x(1))^2-5,2*(x(1)-3)^2+(x(2)/3)^2-4]',[4,-4])%Exercise 8(1)clear;fun=inline('x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');fplot(fun,[-2 2]);grid on; %作图观察x(1)=-2;x(3)=fminbnd(fun,-1,-0.5);x(5)=fminbnd(fun,1,2);fun2=inline('-x.^2.*sin(x.^2-x-2)');x(2)=fminbnd(fun2,-2,-1);x(4)=fminbnd(fun2,-0.5,0.5);x(6)=2feval(fun,x)%答案: 以上x(1)(3)(5)是局部极小，x(2)(4)(6)是局部极大，从最后一句知道x(1)全局最小，x(2)最大。

MATLAB习题参考答案（胡良剑

第一章 MATLAB 入门4、求近似解解：>> x=-2:0.05:2;y=x.^4-2.^x两个近似解：y1=f(-0.85)= -0.0328; y2=f(1.250)= 0.0630第二章 MATLAB 编程与作图1、设x 是数组，求均值和方差解：函数文件如下：function [xx,s]=func1(x)n=length(x);xx=sum(x)/n;s=sqrt((sum(x.^2)-n*xx^2)/(n-1));命令窗口：>> x=[1 2 3 4 5];[xx,s]=func1(x)2、求满足的最小m 值 100)1ln(0>+∑=m n n s=0;n=0;while(s<=100)s=s+log(1+n);n=n+1;endn,s3、用循环语句形成Fibonacci 数列,....4,3,,12121=+===−−k F F F F F k k k 。

并验证极限2511+→−k k F F （提示：计算至两边误差小于精度1e-8为止）解：求Fibonacci 数列的函数文件：function f=fun(n)if n<=2f=1;elsef=fun(n-1)+fun(n-2);end验证极限的函数文件：function [k,a]=funTest(e)a=abs(1-(1+sqrt(5))/2);k=2;while(a>e)k=k+1;a=abs(fun(k)/fun(k-1)-(1+sqrt(5))/2);end命令行：>> [k,a]=funTest(10^-8)k =21a =9.7719e-009或者M 文件如下：clear; F(1)=1;F(2)=1;k=2;x=0;e=1e-8; a=(1+sqrt(5))/2;while abs(x-a)>ek=k+1; F(k)=F(k-1)+F(k-2); x=F(k)/F(k-1);enda,x,k4、分别用for 和while 循环结构编写程序，求出∑==610123i i K ，并考虑一种避免循环语句的程序设计，比较各种算法的运行时间。

matlab数学实验胡良剑第五章

第五章%Exercise 1x=[0 4 10 12 15 22 28 34 40];y=[0 1 3 6 8 9 5 3 0];trapz(x,y)%Exercise 2x=[0 4 10 12 15 22 28 34 40];y=[0 1 3 6 8 9 5 3 0];diff(y)./diff(x)%Exercise 3xa=-1:0.1:1;ya=0:0.1:2;[x,y]=meshgrid(xa,ya);z=x.*exp(-x.^2 -y.^3);[px,py] = gradient(z,xa,ya);px%Exercise 4t=0:0.01:1.5;x=log(cos(t));y=cos(t)-t.*sin(t);dydx=gradient(y,x)plot(x,dydx) %dydx函数图，作图观察x=-1时，dydx的值约0.9 %以下是更精确的编程计算方法[x_1,id]=min(abs(x-(-1)));%找最接近x=-1的点，id为这个点的下标dydx(id)%Exercise 5(1)fun=@(x)1/sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-x.^2/2);quadl(fun,0,1)或用trapzx=linspace(0,1,100);y=1/sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-x.^2/2);trapz(x,y)%Exercise 5(2)fun=inline('exp(2*x).*cos(x).^3');quadl(fun,0,2*pi)或用trapzx=linspace(0,2*pi,100);y=exp(2*x).*cos(x).^3;trapz(x,y)%Exercise 5(3)fun=@(x)x.*log(x.^4).*asin(1./x.^2);quadl(fun,1,3)或用trapzx=1:0.01:3;y=feval(fun,x);trapz(x,y)%Exercise 5(4)fun=@(x)sin(x)./x;quadl(fun,1e-10,1) %注意由于下限为0，被积函数没有意义，用很小的1e-10代替%Exercise 5(5)fun=inline('x.^(-x)','x');quadl(fun,1e-10,1) %注意由于下限为0，被积函数没有意义，用很小的1e-10代替%Exercise 5(6)fun=inline('sqrt(1+r.^2.*sin(th))','r','th');dblquad(fun,0,1,0,2*pi)%Exercise 5(7)%先在Editer窗口建立90页函数dblquad2，再在Command窗口clear;fun=@(x,y)1+x+y.^2;clo=@(x)-sqrt(2*x-x.^2);dhi=@(x)sqrt(2*x-x.^2);dblquad2(fun,0,2,clo,dhi,100)%Exercise 6t=linspace(0,2*pi,100);x=2*cos(t);y=3*sin(t);dx=gradient(x,t);dy=gradient(y,t);f=sqrt(dx.^2+dy.^2);trapz(t,f)%Exercise 6另一解法%先写参数方程x=2*cos(t);y=3*sin(t);%计算x'(t)=-2*sin(t),y'(t)=3*cos(t)%4*sin(t)^2+9*cos(t)^2=4+5*cos(t)^2fun=@(t)sqrt(4+5*cos(t).^2);quadl(fun,0,2*pi)%Exercise 7%先算出z的梯度dz/dx=(1-2*x^2)*exp(-x^2-y^2),dz/dy=(1-2*y^2)*exp(-x^2-y^2);%根据曲面面积公式fun=@(x,y)sqrt(1+((1-2*x.^2).*exp(-x.^2-y.^2)).^2+((1-2*y.^2)*exp(-x.^2-y.^2)).^2);dblquad(fun,-1,1,0,2)%或者用下列纯粹离散化解法xa=linspace(-1,1);ya=linspace(0,2);[x,y]=meshgrid(xa,ya);z=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2);[zx,zy]=gradient(z,xa,ya);f=sqrt(1+zx.^2+zy.^2);s=0;for i=2:length(xa)for j=2:length(ya)s=s+(xa(i)-xa(i-1))*(ya(j)-ya(j-1))*(f(i,j)+f(i-1,j)+f(i,j-1)+f(i-1,j-1))/4;%每个近似长方体高用四顶点平均值endends%Exercise 8funl=inline('-(-x).^0.2.*cos(x)');funr=inline('x.^0.2.*cos(x)');quadl(funl,-1,0)+quadl(funr,0,1)%Exercise 9 (以I32为例)fun=@(x)abs(sin(x));h=0.1;x=0:h:32*pi;y=feval(fun,x);t1=trapz(x,y)h=pi;x=0:h:32*pi;y=feval(fun,x);t2=trapz(x,y)%步长与周期一致，结果失真q1=quad(fun,0,32*pi)q2=quadl(fun,0,32*pi)%Exercise 10(1)先在Editer窗口建立88页函数deriv，再在Command窗口fun=inline('x.^2.*sin(x.^2+3*x-4)','x');deriv(fun,[1.3 1.5],0.1,1e-3) %取0.1为初始步长%注：书后习题答案错，1.3处导数应为2.4177，1.5处导数应为-11.3330%Exercise 10(2)%先在程序编辑器，写下列函数，保存为ex5_10_2ffunction d=ex5_10_2f(fname,a,h0,e)h=h0;d=(fname(a+h)-2*fname(a)+fname(a-h))/(h*h);d0=d+2*e;while abs(d-d0)>ed0=d;h0=h;h=h0/2;d=(fname(a+h)-2*fname(a)+fname(a-h))/(h*h);end%再在指令窗口执行fun=@(x)x.^2*sin(x.^2-x-2);d=ex5_10_2f(fun,1.4,0.1,1e-3)%Exercise 11%提示：f上升时，f'>0;f下降时，f'<0; f极值，f'=0.%Exercise 12在程序编辑器，写下列函数，保存为ex5_12function I=ex5_12(fname,a,b,n)h=(b-a)/n;x=a:h:b;f=fname(x);I=f(1)+f(n+1);for i=2:nif i-2*floor(i/2)==0I=I+4*f(i);elseI=I+2*f(i);endendI=h/3*I;%再在指令窗口执行ex5_12(inline('1/sqrt(2*pi)*exp(-x.^2/2)'),0,1,50) %注：原题n=5改为偶数n=50%更加符合Matlab风格的编程ex5_12function I=ex5_12f(fname,a,b,n)x=linspace(a,b,n+1);f=fname(x);I=(b-a)/n/3*(f(1)+f(n+1)+2*sum(f(3:2:n))+4*sum(f(2:2:n)));%Exercise 13fun=inline('5400*v./(8.276*v.^2+2000)','v');quadl(fun,15,30)%Exercise 14重心不超过凳边沿。

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