必修二英语语法

I was the only person who was invited. in my office
Jenny, with whom I played table tennis yesterday, lives in my next room.
The man who came here yesterday has come again.
a) She has two brothers who are working in the city.
(不只两个弟弟)
她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。
b) She has two Baidu Nhomakorabearothers, who are working in the city.
(只有两个弟弟)
她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。
That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主 语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.
二、非限制性定语从句中通常使用下 列关系代词和副词。 关系代词：which / who / whom / whose / as 关系副词：when / where (非限制性定语从句中不用关系词 that；非限制性定语从句中关系词 不能省略) 以 及： as
• 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿； 而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
• 区别二：功能不同
• 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉， 就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起 补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如： • People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得 长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) • His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女 儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
This is the girl whom/who I met in the street. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾 语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从 句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。
• 区别四：含义不同
• 比较下面的两个句子： • I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) • I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个 姐姐)
• 区别五：先行词不同
• 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词 则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或 其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限 制性定语从句。如： • Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。 (which指drive too fast) • He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我 很生气。(which指整个主句) • Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密 斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) • Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有 钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制 性定语从句修饰)
better by the time the doctor arrived. (陕西
2013) A. It C. What B. That D. As
Homework
• Finish the Exercise 1.2 on Page5 workbook
3. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _____ are family members. (重庆 2013) A. them C. which B. that D. whom
4. _____ is often the case with children, Amy was
He gave me a pen he bought yesterday.
He gave me a pen, which he bought just
now.
• 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语 时可以省略。 • 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中不可以 省略。
1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all of us. 大多数定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词 或短语, 而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词 也可为整个主句, 此时非限制性定语从句常 which 由 ______ 引导。
Attributive clause:
限制性定语从句 restrictive
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉， 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从 句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句non-restrictive
和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说 明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
• 区别三：翻译不同
• 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之 前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： • He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 • I've invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔 壁。
_____ is announced in today’s newspaper.(天津
2013)
A. that B. which
C. who
D. what
2. (2011北京卷) Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ____, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that
which 在非限制性定从句中作宾语,不能省略
He failed in the exam, that made his mother angry. (that不能引导非限制 )
He failed in the exam, which made his mother angry.
小结：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别 : • 区别一：形式不同
She has married again, which delighted us． Spiders are not insects, as many people think. As you will find out, I will never let you down.
“正如……” 引导的非限制性定语从句 as (译为 __________) 的位置比较灵活, 可位于所修饰的句子之后, 句 “这” 或 “这件 中或句首; 而由 which (译为 ________________) 事” 引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。
Non- Restrictive Attributive Clause
一、如何区分限制性定语从句和非 限制性定语从句 Can you tell the difference between Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Clause? A. In written form（句子式） B. In how close the clause is connected with the main sentence （主从句的关系）
• 区别六：关系词不同
• 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句； 另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而 在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
1. We have launched another man-made satellite,