初中英语 中考语法冲刺总练习-冠词讲解及提升练习(有答案)

中考语法冲刺-冠词讲解及提升练习
中考英语冠词讲解与考点分析
冠词是中考单项填空必考的语法项目之一,一般每年有一道小题,两个空。

因为冠词用法比较灵活,往往随着语境的变化而变化,并且固定搭配和特例较多，失分的考生比较多。

本文将结合中考试题,归纳冠词的考点。

第一部分：基础知识
一、冠词概述
冠词是虚词，它不能单独使用。

只能附在一个名词上说明这个名词。

冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the。

不定冠词一般表示泛指；定冠词一般表示特指。

二、不定冠词a(an)的用法
A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。

a用于辅音字母开始的词前；an用于元音字母开始的词前。

如：a girl an English book
B. 不定冠词用来表示类别，指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指)。

如：
His father is a doctor.
I work in a middle school in Beijing.
C. 不定冠词用于单数可数名词前，可以表示其全类(泛指)。

如：
An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English.
三、定冠词the的用法
①表示上文提到过的人或事物。

如：He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning.
The dictionary is very good.
①用于单数可数名词前，表示整体或类别。

如：The panda is a rare animal.
此句等于：A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals.
①用来表示世界上独一无二的事物。

如：the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world
①用于表示阶级、党派的名词前。

如：the Chinese Communist Party, the working class the proletariat 无产阶级
①常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前。

A. 用于许多江海，山脉，群岛等名词前：
The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific Ocean
B. 用于由普通名词构成的国名：
The People's Republic of China the United States
C. 用于机关、团体、朝代、时代、报刊杂志等名词前：
the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty
the People's Daily the Summer Palace the Peace Hotel
the British Museum
①用于表示方位的名词前。

如：the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left
①用于乐器名词前，但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词。

如：play the piano play the violin play erhu
①用于复数的姓氏前，表示两夫妇或全家，在此情况下，这类名词作复数
对待。

如：When we got there, the Lius were waiting for us.
The Smiths watch TV every day.
①用于某些形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人或事物。

如：the poor the rich the living the young
the wounded the oppressed the beautiful
①用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前。

如：Shanghai is the biggest city in china.
After the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.
四、零冠词用法
①表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前，不用冠词。

Now people are living a happy life.
Trees are planted everywhere.
①不含普通名词的专有名词，表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前，不用冠
词。

We are studying English.
He is leaving for America this year.
It is pleasant to walk in soft snow.
Love is always stronger than hatred.
①名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰，不用冠词。

I like this picture better.
Is that your book?
Take their chairs away!
I do not have any money on me.
As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
①季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。

She likes spring while I like summer.
We have no classes on Saturday.
The Long March started in October 1934.
①表示只有一人担任的职务、头衔的名词前，不用冠词。

We have elected him our monitor.
①三餐饭的名词前，一般不用冠词。

When do you have lunch?
After supper we usually take a walk.
①节假日等名词前，不用冠词。

Children all wear their best clothes on National Day.
People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
注意：在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词：
on the eve of National Day
on the eve of New Year’s Day
①球类和棋类运动的名词前，不用冠词。

play basketball play chess
①作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前，不用冠词。

Your help was most timely.
This method is most effective.
注意：如果有比较范围，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词：
Of all methods, this is the most effective.
①在某些固定词组里，名词前不用冠词。

on foot by train/ boat / plane…in fact as a matter of fact in class
in church in danger in hospital in town in bed at home
at school at daybreak at sunrise at dusk at sunset at night at noon
go to school go to class go to bed from morning till night
from victory to victory from door to door
五、注意事项
①当man作人类讲时，用零冠词。

Man will conquer nature.
①某些抽象名词具体化时是可数名词，其前可加a。

surprise, fire, joy,
He is a success as a teacher.
Long Jing is a famous tea in China.
① a 用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。

A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.
①在某些句型中可加a
It is a pity that you have missed the chance.
It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth.
①word 作消息讲时，用零冠词。

Word came that he would go abroad.
第二部分：考点分析
考点1 不定冠词
一、用于单数可数名词前,表示泛指，相当于“any”，说明事物的种类或类属。

例题：
1．It is often said that __________ teachers have __________ very easy life.
A. 不填；不填
B. 不填；a
C. the, 不填
D. the, a
提示：这里的a very easy life（简单的生活）表示泛指。

答案：B
2．When you come here for your holiday next time, don\'t go to________hotel; I can find you________bed in my flat.
A. the; a
B. the; 不填
C. a; the
D. a; 不填
提示：此处bed表示泛指,意思是“我能在我的公寓里为你找到一张床”。

二、用于单数可数名词前，表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。

例题：
1．I knew ______ John Lennon, but not ______ famous one.
A. 不填；a
B. a；the
C. 不填；the
D. the；a
提示：有一个叫John Lennon的人，用不定代词，表示某一个。

答案：B
2．I can't remember when exactly the Robinsons left __ city. I only remember it was ____Monday.
A. the, the
B. a, the
C. a, a
D. the, a
提示：某个星期天是a Monday。

答案：D
三、不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。

例题：
The Wilsons live in ______ A- shaped house near the coast. It is ____ 17th century cottage.
A. the ; 不填
B. an; the
C. 不填; the
D. an; a
提示：因为a 属于元音音素，应该用an;
答案：D
四、不定冠词位于抽象名词前，与抽象名词连用，使抽象名词具体化，表示“一场、一次、一件”。

如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surprise一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity 一件遗憾的事，an honour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。

例题：
1．It is _____ great pleasure to go to ____ cinema after a week’s hard work.
A. a; the
B. the ; a
C. a, a
D. the , the
提示：a great pleasure 表示“一件快乐的事”。

答案：A
2．It's quiet obvious that the aging population I China will cause ____ heavy pressure on ____ whole society in the future.
A. a; a
B. the ,/
C. a ,the
D. /, the
提示：a heavy pressure表示一个承重的压力。

3．I'd like ____ coffee.
A. a
B.some
C.the
D. a cup
提示：a coffee表示一杯咖啡。

答案：A
五、用于序数词前，表示“又一”。

例题：
Give it _____ second thought and you’ll find it wise to accept ___ job.
A. the ; the
B. a ; a
C. a ; the
D. the ; a
提示：a second thought 表示“再次考虑”。

答案：C
考点2 定冠词
一、表示特指或第二次提到
例题：
The warmth of ____________sweater will of course be determined by the sort of __________wool used.
A．The ; the B．the ; / C．/; the D．/; /
提示：第一空格为特指，交待the warmth的内容。

答案：B
二、用在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前
例题：
Paper money was in _______ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in __________thirteenth century.
A．the … / B．the … the C．/ … the D．/ … /
提示：序数词前用定冠词the。

答案：C
三、用于固定句型中
1．beat / hit / knock / strike sb +in / on the+人体部位
例题
When I told him he had to be paid by ____ hour, he become angry and hit me on ___nose.
A. an; my
B. the ; the
C. an ;the
D. / ;a
提示：hit sb on the nose表示“打在某人的鼻子上”，用the。

答案：B.
2．the+比较级，the+比较级，表示越来越……
例题：
____ more you use a dictionary, ____ more useful it will become to you.
A. The ;the
B. The ;/
C. /; the
D. / ; /
答案：A
四、由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常加定冠词
例题：
The most important thing about cotton in history is________part that it played in________Industrial Revolution.
A. 不填;不填
B. the;不填
C. the ;the
D. a; the
提示：Industrial Revolution是由普通名词构成的专有名词,其前须用定冠词。

答案：C
考点3 零冠词
一、唯一的职务、头衔名词前不加冠词。

如：captain, chairman, head, president, monitor.
例题：
Lincoln was elected ____ President of ____ United States in 1860.
A. the ; the
B. / ; the
C. a; /
D. /;/
提示：the president 表示头衔。

答案：B
二、球类、三餐以及学科名词前通常使用零冠词
例题：
She is________newcomer to________chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A. the; the
B. the; 不填
C. a; 不填
D. a; the
提示：chemistry是学科名词,前面不加冠词。

答案：C
三、特殊用法
如word 表示“消息”时一般不加冠词。

例题：
Early in the morning ____ word came that David had been made _____governor of the state.
A. the ;the
B. / ; /
C. a ; the
D. / ; the
答案：B
巩固提升：
一、单选题
1．Berlin is ________ capital of Germany.
A．a B．an C．the
2．—There is_________pencil under the desk.
—Oh, that's my pencil.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
3．—________Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now.
—We hope more and more foreign friends live _____better life in China.
A．/; a B．The; an C．The; a D．/ ; the 4．—Have you ever read the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?
—Yes, it's really ________ interesting book.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
5．By the time he was ten years old, he __________.
A．has completed university B．has completed the university
C．had completed an university D．had completed university
6．— What do you think of Mike?
— He is _________ honest boy.
A．a B．the C．an D．/ 7．—Look at _________ boy over there. He looks excited.
—Yeah, he has won _________ first prize in the school English Reading and Writing Competition.
A．a；the B．the；a C．the；the D．a；a
8．Sandy is _________ Australian girl. She came to China for travelling with her parents last week.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填9．—How do you often communicate with each other?
—We often send ________ e-mail or write ________ letter.
A．a; a B．a; an C．an; a D．an; an 10．My little brother, _________eight-year-old boy, is very bright.
A．a B．an C．the
11．My sister practices playing _____________piano for the coming talent show.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
12．— What did the teacher say?
—He told us to go over __________lessons.
A．three first B．first three C．the three first D．the first three 13．Annie can play ________ piano very well.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
14．Kelly's cheese cakes were sold out within half________hour at the night market.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
15．I would like to be ________ scientist in the future. They are so great.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填16．Tom was happy to get a chance to play _______ football for the school team.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填17．There is a famous Chinese saying: one is not _______true man unless he climbs up
_______Great Wall.
A．a; /B．the; /C．a; the D．/; the 18．— Jimmy, are you the only child in your family?
— No, I have ________ active sister.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
19．Rivers low, mountains high, the same moon in _________sky.
A．a B．/C．the
20．— The dining hall is specially built for ________.
— That’ s great! People over seventies won’t have to worry about their daily meals.
A．an old man B．the old man C．the old
21．—We have ________ unusual Senior High School Entrance Examination this year.
—Yes. It’s one month later than before.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
22．—What do you usually do after dinner?
—I usually watch news on TV for half ____________ hour to know about what’s happening. A．/B．the C．a D．an
23．It’s ________ pity that many wild animals are now in danger. Please have________ pity on them since they are part of our big family.
A．a; /B．a; a C．/; a D．/; /
24．Take ________ umbrella with you. It’s ________ useful tool on rainy days.
A．an, a B．a, the C．an, the D．the, the
25．Our teacher told ________ unusual story to us, and we’ve never heard ________ story before. A．a；the B．an；a C．an；the
26．What ________ pity that you couldn't go to the party!
A．a B．an C．the D．/
27．—Amy, do you know Langlang and his wife?
—Of course. They play _________ piano well.
A．a B．an C．/D．the
28．What __________ good advice you've given me to keep healthy!
A．/B．a C．an D．the
29．I read ________ unusual story last night. ________ story is about Dr. Zhong Nanshan. A．an；A B．a；The C．an；The
30．It took us half___________ hour to read Little Women.
A．a B．an C．the
31．David is such ________ wonderful teacher that I have ________ great fun in his class! A．a; the B．a; /C．a; a D．the; /
32．As we know, schools and families play ________ important role in teaching students about the value of working hard.。