英美文学选读0301
《英美文学选读》复习资料
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《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一. 课程介绍:课程介绍:本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。
主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、文学史部分从英美两国历史、文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、语言、语言、文化发文化发展的角度,简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响,主要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品,包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
戏剧、小说、散文等。
二. 《英美文学选读》的考核目标,按照识记,领会,应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。
三个层次呈递进关系,其含义是:识记:识记: 有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会:领会: 在识记的基础上,能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别和区别应用了在领会的基础上,能运用本课程的基本理论,能运用本课程的基本理论,基本知识和方法来分析基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品,并能用英语正确表达。
Part 1 English Literature An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 一.重点:有关这部分的文学史内容一.重点:有关这部分的文学史内容1.古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2.英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf 3.中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance 4.Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献的文学贡献二.练习:二.练习:1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______. A . Old----Renaissance A. Old----Renaissance B. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of England C . Middle ---- Renaissance C. Middle ---- Renaissance D. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England 2).. 2).. The The The Medieval Medieval Medieval period period period in in in English English English literature literature literature extends extends extends from from from 1066 1066 1066 up up up to to to the the ______ century. A . mid-13th A. mid-13th B. mid-14th C. mid-15th D. mid-16th 3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons. A . sonnet A. sonnet B. essay C. epic D. novel 4). 4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us us a comprehensive realistic a comprehensive realistic picture picture of of of the the the English English English society society society of of of his his his time time time and and and created created created a a a whole whole whole gallery gallery gallery of of of vivid vivid characters from all walks of life. A. A. Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer B. B. William Shakespeare Shakespeare C. C. Francis Bacon D. William Langland 5). 5). For For For the the the Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, ______ ______ ______ was was was regarded regarded regarded as as as the the the English English English Homer. Homer. His reputation reputation has has has been been been securely securely securely established established established as as as one one one of of of the the the best best best English English English poets poets poets for for for his his wisdom, humor and ______. A . Geoffrey Chaucer----wits A. Geoffrey Chaucer----wits B. William Shakespeare----wits C . Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity C. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity D. William Shakespeare----humanity 6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______. A . Old English, Greek, Latin A. Old English, Greek, Latin B. Old English, French, Latin C . Old English, Greek, French C. Old English, Greek, French D. English, Greek, French 7). 7). Geoffrey Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer Chaucer is is is the the the greatest greatest greatest writer writer writer of of of the the the Medieval Medieval Medieval period period period in in in English English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______. A . couplet A. couplet B. blank verse C. heroic couplet D. epic 8). 8). Thematically Thematically Thematically the the the poem poem poem “Beowulf” “Beowulf” “Beowulf” presents presents presents a a a vivid vivid vivid picture picture picture of of of how how how the the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______. A. A. spiritual----hero B . B. natural----leader C. spiritual----god D. natural----monster 9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come. A . man A. man B. theory C. doctrine D. era 10). 10). Geoffrey Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer Chaucer introduced introduced introduced from from from France France France the the the rhymed rhymed rhymed stanzas stanzas stanzas of of of various various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse. A . rhymed A. rhymed B. alliterative C. social D. visionary 2. Explain the following literal terms. 1). Romance 2). Heroic Couplet 3). Epic 3. Answer the following questions. 1). How many groups do the Old English poetry poetry divided into? What divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why? 2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature? Chapter1. The The Renaissance Period一.重点一.重点前言部分前言部分1. 文艺复兴的起源,起始时间,内容及特征2. 人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3. 文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习:练习:Renaissance Period 1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). 1). The The The Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, in in in essence, essence, essence, is is is a a a historical historical historical period period period in in in which which which the the the European European ______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval medieval Europe, Europe, Europe, to to to introduce introduce introduce new new new ideas ideas ideas that that that expressed expressed expressed the the the interests interests interests of of of the the the rising rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. A . Greek and Roman A. Greek and Roman B. humanist C. religious D. loyal 2). 2). Generally, Generally, Generally, the the the ______ ______ ______ refers refers refers to to to the the the period period period between between between the the the 14th 14th 14th and and and mid-17th mid-17th centuries. centuries. It It It first first first started started started in in in Italy, Italy, with with the the the flowering flowering flowering of of of painting, painting, painting, sculpture sculpture sculpture and and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. A. Medieval Period B . B. Renaissance C. Old English Period D . D. Romantic Period 3). ______ is is the the the essence essence of of the the the Renaissance. Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists. A. Humanity---- William Shakespeare B. Humanism-----Francis Bacon C. Humanity---- Geoffrey Chaucer D. Humanism----William Shakespeare 4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The The most most most famous famous famous dramatists dramatists dramatists in in in the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance England England England are are are Christopher Christopher Christopher Marlowe, Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______. A . novel--- Geoffrey Chaucer A. novel--- Geoffrey Chaucer B. poetry----Francis Bacon C . drama----Ben Jonson C. drama----Ben Jonson D. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer 5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique antique authors authors authors and and and is is is frequently frequently frequently taken taken taken as as as the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance on on on its its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things. A . Roman ---- moral A. Roman ---- moral B. French---- reason C. Roman---- man D. French---- God 6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand. A. Latin B. French C. Greek D. Anglo-Saxon 7). 7). Wyatt, Wyatt, Wyatt, in in in the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance period, period, period, introduced introduced introduced the the the Petrarchan Petrarchan Petrarchan ______ ______ ______ into into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse. A. drama----free B . B. sonnet----blank C . C. terzarima----blank D. couplet----free 8). 8). In In In the the the early early early stage stage stage of of of the the the English English English Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, poetry poetry poetry and and and ______ ______ ______ were were were the the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson. A. fiction B. dramatic fiction C. poetic drama D. novel 9). 9). By By By emphasizing emphasizing emphasizing the the the dignity dignity dignity of of of human human human beings beings beings and and and the the the importance importance importance of of of the the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. A. humanists B. Protestants C. Catholics D. playwrights 10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science in England. A . A. A. Edmund Edmund Edmund Spenser Spenser B. B. Christopher Christopher Christopher Marlowe Marlowe C. C. Francis Francis Francis Bacon Bacon D. Ben Jonson 2. Explain the following literal terms. 1). the Renaissance Period 2). blank verse 3). Humanism 3. Answer the following questions. 1). 1). Make Make Make a a a comment comment comment on on on the the the influence influence influence of of of Italian Italian Italian literary literary literary works works works upon upon upon the the literature in the Renaissance England. 2). Make a comment on humanism 3). 3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England? 文艺复兴时期的主要作家。
《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲-
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《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲课程名称:英美文学选读英文名称:Selected Readings in English and American Literature 课程类型:非专业基础选修课适用对象:非英语专业本科生总学时:64授课教师:钱中丽、林丽云、辜小捷学分: 4考核形式:闭卷考试课程总评成绩计算方法:期末考试占35%;期中考试占35%;口语考试占20%;平时成绩占10%,平时成绩包括出勤、作业等成绩。
使用教材:自编教学参考书:《英国文学选读》(王守仁,高等教育出版社,2005)《美国文学选读》(陶洁,高等教育出版社,2003)一、课程性质、目的和任务该课程设置的目的在于培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力,掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。
通过阅读和分析英美文学作品,促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高,增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。
二、教学基本要求教学的基本要求是:主要了解英美文学史上不同时期的重要作家及其代表作品;重点掌握作家的生平介绍,主要代表作品的篇名、内容梗概、主人公形象、作品风格流派及其在英美文学史上的地位与影响。
三、教学内容及进度英国文学选读:1、William ShakespeareSonnet 18The Merchant of Venice (Act Ⅳ, Scene Ⅰ)2、Francis BaconOn Study3、Jonathan SwiftGulliver’s Travels (PartⅣ, Chapter6&8)4、William BlakeTigerLondon5、Jane AustenPride and Prejudice (Chapter 1&2)6、Charlotte BronteJane Eyre7、James JoyceEveline8、Thomas Stearns EliotMorning at the WindowAunt Helen美国文学选读:9、Benjamin FranklinThe Autobiography (Chapter 6)10、Ralph Waldo EmersonThe American Scholar (an excerpt)11、Walt WhitmanSelections from Leaves of Grass12、F. Scott FitzgeraldThe Long Way Out13、Ernest HemingwayA Farewell to Arms (Chapter 36&41)14、William FaulknerNobel Prize Acceptance Speech15、John SteinbeckThe Grapes of Wrath (Chapter 25)16、Ezra PoundSalutationThe Garden四、教学方法与手段1、本课程采取课堂重点讲授和布置课外阅读的方法进行。
自考英美文学选读(美国文学史)
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PART TWO: AMERICAN LITERATUREChapter1 The Romantic Period1.主要作家及其作品:i.Washington Irving:The Sketch Book; Rip Van Winkle;The Legend of Sleepy Hollowii.Ralph Waldo Emerson:Essays; The American Scholar; Self-Reliance;The Over-Soul; The Poet; Experience; Nature iii.Nathaniel Hawthorne:Mosses from an Old Manse; The Scarlet Letter;The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales;The House of the Seven Gables;The Blithedale Romance;The Marble Fauniv.Walt Whitman:Leaves of Grass; There was a Child Went Forth;Drum Taps; Cavalry Crossing a Ford; Song of Myself;When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dv.Herman Melville:Moby-Dick; Billy Budd; Typee; Omoo;Mardi; Redburn; White Jacket.2.清教主义Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. As the word itself hints,Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship,and organization of authority. American Puritans,like their brothers back in England,were idealists,believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination,original sin and total depravity,and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America,they became more and more practical,as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. As a culture heritage,Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become,to some extent,so much a state of mind,so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere,rather than a set of tenets.3.超验主义Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively,or of attaining knowledge transcendingthe reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech,"Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and,therefore,self-re1iant. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold,rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation ,the innate goodness of man,and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths.4.象征主义5.自由诗Whitman is also radically innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. He adopted "free verse," that is,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. A looser and more open-ended syntactical structure is frequently favored. Lines and sentences of different lengths are left lying side by side just as things are,undisturbed and separate. There are few compound sentences to draw objects and experiences into a system of hierarchy. Whitman was the first American to use free verse extensively. By means of "free verse," Whitman turned the poem into an open field,an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.6.爱默生的超验主义思想及他的自然观In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul, the importance of the Individual, and Nature. Emerson rejected both the formal religion of the churches and the Deistic philosophy. Emerson and other Transcendentalists believed that there should be an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal ―over-soul,‖ since the over-soul is an all-pervading power from which all things come from and of which all are a part. Emerson is affirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly. The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.. he means to convince people that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Emerson’s nature is emblematic of the spiritual world, alive with God’s overwhelming presence; hence, it exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human mind. ―God back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.‖ By employing nature as a big symbol of the Spirit, or God, or the over-soul. Emerson has brought the Puritan Legacy of symbolism to its perfection. 7.《小伙子布朗》中的寓言和象征In ―Young Goodman Brown,‖ Hawthorne set out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. The story illustrates Hawthorne's allegorical theme of human evil. In the manner of its concern with guilt and evil,it exemplifies what Milville called the" power of blackness" in Hawthorne's work. In "Young Goodman Brown," he sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. "Evil is thenature of mankind." Its hero,a naive young man who accepts both society in general and his fellow men as individuals worth his regard,is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night,and becomes thereafter distrustful and doubtful.Allegorically,our protagonist,becomes an Everyman named Brown,a "young man" who will be aged in one night by an adventure that makes everyone in this world a fallen idol.However, The story is manipulated in such a way that we as readers feel that Hawthorne poses the question of Good and Evil in man but withholds his answer,and he does not permit himself to determine whether the events of the night of trial are real or the mere figment of a dream.8.霍桑的清教思想和他人性本恶的观点As we can see, Hawthorne’s literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one possible to imagine. This has much to do with his ―black‖ vision of life and human beings. According to Hawthorne, ―There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity. One source of evil that Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect, which usually refers to someone who is too proud, too sure of himself. He believed that ―the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones,‖ and often wondered if he might have inherited some of their guilt. This sensibility led to his understanding of evil being at the very core of human life., which is typical of the Calvinistic belief that human beings are basically depraved and corrupted, hence, they should obey God to atone for their sins.9.麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象征意义Moby-Dick is not merely a whaling tale or sea adventure,it is also a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe,a spiritual exploration into man's deep reality and psychology.Like Hawthorne,Melville is a master of allegory and symbolism. He uses allegory and symbolism in Moby-Dick to present its mighty theme. Instead of putting the battle between Ahab and the big whale into simple statements,he used symbols,that is,objects or persons who represent something else. Different people on board the ship are representations of different ideas and different social and ethnic groups;facts become symbols and incidents acquire universal meanings;the Pequod is the microcosm of human society and the voyage becomes a search for truth. The white whale,Moby Dick,symbolizes nature for Melville,for it is complex,unfathomable,malignant,and beautiful as well. For the character Ahab,however,the whale represents only evil. Moby Dick is like a wall,hiding some unknown,mysterious things behind. Ahab wills the whole crew on the Pequod to join him in the pursuit of the big whale so as to pierce the wall,to root out the evil,but only to be destroyed by evil,in this case,by his own consuming desire,his madness. For the author,as well as for the reader and Ishmael,the narrator,Moby Dick is still a mystery,an ultimate mystery of the universe,inscrutable and ambivalent,and the voyage of the mind will forever remain a search,not a discovery,of the truth.10.惠特曼《草叶集》的结构(自由诗)、主题、语言特色1. The themes in Whitman's poetry:His poetry is filled with optimistic expectation and enthusiasm about new things and new epoch. Whitman believed that poetry could play a vita1 part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enab1e Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonia1 rule. And it could also help them understand their new status and to define themse1ves in the new wor1d of possibi1ities. Hence,the abundance of themes in his poetry voices freshness. He shows concern for the whole hard-working people and the burgeoning life of cities. Pursuit of love and happiness is approved of repeatedly and affectionately in his lines. Sexual 1ove,a rather taboo topic of the time,is displayed candidly as something adorable. The individual person and his desires must be respected.2.Leaves of GrassWalt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission,having devoted all his life to the creation of the "single" poem,Leaves of Grass.(1)the title :It is significant that Whitman entitled his book Leaves of Grass . He said that where there is earth,where there is water,there is grass. Grass,the most common thing with the greatest vitality,is an image of the poet himself,a symbol of the then rising American nation and an embodiment of his ideals about democracy and freedom.(a)theme:In this giant work,openness,freedom,and above all,individua1ism(the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important)are all that concerned him. Whitman brings the hard-working farmers and laborers into American literature ,attack the slavery system and racial discrimination. In this book he also extols nature,democracy,labor and creation ,and sings of man's dignity and equality,and of the brightest future of mankind . Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-masse" and the self as well.(b)the poet's essentia1 purposeHis aim was nothing less than to express some new poetica1 feelings and to initiate a poetic tradition in which difference shou1d be recognized. The genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was,according to Whitman,to behave as a supreme individualist;however,the poet's essentia1 purpose was to identify his ego with the world,and more specifically with the democratic "en-masse" of America,which is established in the opening lines of "Song of Myself".3.Whitman's poetic style and languageTo dramatize the nature of these new poetical fee1ings,Whitman employed brand-new means in his poetry,which would first be discerned in his style and language.(1)Whitman's poetic style is marked,first of a1l,by the use of the poetic "I." Whitman becomes all those people in his poems and yet still remains "Walt Whitman",hence a discovery of the self in the other with such an identification. Insuch a manner,Whitman invites his readers to participate in the process of sympathetic identification.(3)Whitman is conversational and casual,in the fluid,expansive,and unstructured style of talking. However,there is a strong sense of the poems being rhythmical. The reader can feel the rhythm of Whitman's thought and cadences of his feeling. Parallelism and phonetic recurrence at the beginning of the lines also contribute to the musicality of his poems.(4)Whitman's languageContrary to the rhetoric of traditional poetry,Whitman's is relatively simple and even rather crude. Most of the pictures he painted with words are honest,undistorted images of different aspects of America of the day. The particularity about these images is that they are unconventional in the way they break down the social division based on religion,gender,class,and race. One of the most often-used methods in Whitman's poems is to make colors and images fleet past the mind's eye of the reader. Another characteristic in Whitman's language is his strong tendency to use oral English. Whitman's vocabulary is amazing. He would use powerfu1,colorful,as well as rarely-used words,words of foreign origin and sometimes even wrong words.美国现实主义时期1.Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer;The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County;Innocents Abroad; The Gilded Age2.Henry James: The American; Daisy Miller;The Europeans; The Portrait of A Lady;What Maisie Knows; The Wings of the Dove;The Ambassadors; The Golden Bowl; The Art to Fiction3.Emily Dickinson:4. Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie; American Tragedy1.What is Realism?In art and literature, Realism refers to an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures exactly as they act or appear in life. Realism emerged as a literary movement in Europe in the 1850s. In reaction to Romanticism, realistic writers should set down their observations impartially and objectively. They insisted on accurate documentation, sociological insight, and avoidance of poetic diction and idealization. The subjects were to be taken from everyday life, preferably from lower-class life. Realism entered American literature after the Civil War. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James were the pioneers of realism in the U.S.1.What is Naturalism? (or American Naturalism)In literature, the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19th –century scientic thought, following in general the biological determinism of Darwin’s theory, or the economic determinism of Karl Marx. American Naturalism is a more advanced stage of realism toward the close of the 19th century. The American naturalists accepted the more negative implications of Darwin’s theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were conceived as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces. And consciously or unconsciously the American naturalists followed the French novelist and theorist Emile Zola's cal l that the 1iterary artist ―must operate with characters, passions, human and social data as the chemist and the physicist work on inert bodies, as the physiologist works on living bodies.‖ They chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society and portrayed the people who were demonstrably victims of society and nature. And one of the most familiar themes in American Naturalism is the theme of human ―bestiality‖, especially as an explanation of sexual desire.Artistically, naturalistic writings are usually unpo1ished in language, lacking in academic skills and unwieldly in structure. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the eyes of the individual, or beyond his control. Devoid of rationality and caught in a process in which he is but a part, man cannot fully understand, let alone contro1, the world he lives in; hence, he is left with no freedom of choice.In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence. Notable writers of naturalistic fiction were Frank Norris, Sherwood Anderson, and Theodore Driser.2.The distinction between Realism and NaturalismNaturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.The distinction lies, first of all, in the fact that Realism is concerned directly with what is absorbed by the senses; Naturalism, a term more properly applied to literature, attempts to apply scientific theories to art. Second, Naturalism differs from Realism in adding an amoral attitude to the objective presentation of life. Naturalistic writers, adopting Darwin’s biological determinism and Marx’s economic determinism, regard human behavior as controlled by instinct, emotion, or social and economic conditions, and reject free will. Third, Naturalism had an outlook often bleaker than that of Realism, and it added a dimension of predetermined fate that rendered human will ultimately powerless.3.What is (Social) Darwinism?Social Darwinism is a belief that societies and individual human beings compete in astruggle for existence in which natural selection results in ―struggle of the fittest.‖ Social Darwinists base their beliefs on theories of evolution developed by British naturalist Charles Darwin. Social Darwinists typically deny that they advocate a ―law of jungle.‖ But most propose arguments that justify imbalances of power between individuals, races, and nations because they consider some more fit to survive than others. The theory had produced a big impact on Naturalism.马克吐温1.Twain as a local coloristTwain is also known as a local colorist, who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of his regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, and other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes and so on. Consequently, the rich material of his boyhood experience on the Mississippi became the endless resources for his fiction, and the Mississippivalley and the West became his major theme. Unlike James and Howe1ls, Mark Twain wrote about the lower-class people, because they were the people he knew so we1l ancl their 1ife was the one he himself had lived. Moreover he successfully used local color and historical settings to i1lustrate and shed light on the contemporary societyAnother fact that made Twain unique is his magic power with language, his use of vernacular. His words are col1oquial, concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence structures are simp1e, even ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken 1anguage. Mark Twain's humor is remarkable, too. It is fun to read Twain to begin with, for most of his works tend to be funny, containing some practical jokes, comic details, witty remarks, etc., and some of them are actually tall ta1es.(2) The novel’s theme, characterization of ―Huck‖ and the novel’s social significance: Theme: The novel is a vindication of what Mark Twain called ― the damned human race.‖ That is the theme of man’s inhumani ty to man---of human cruelty, hypocrisies, dishonesties, and moral corruptions. Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is best known for Mark Twain’s wonderful characterization of ―Huck,‖ a typical American boy whom its creator described as a boy with ―a sound heart and a deformed conscience,‖ and remarkable for the raft’s journey down the Mississippi river, which Twain used both realistically and symbolically to shape his book into an organic whole.Through the eyes of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed and at the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between i nnocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.黛西米勒的主题和主要人物的性格分析1.The theme of the novelDaisy Miller is one of James’s early works that dealt with the international theme, i.e.,to set against a large international background, usual1y between Europe and America, and centered on the confrontation of the two different cu1tures with two different groups of peop1e representing two different value systems: American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence and the moral and psychological complications arising therefrom.2.Characterization of Daisy MillerIn this novel, the ―Americanness ‖in Daisy is revealed by her relatively unreserved manners. Daisy Miller, a typical young American girl who goes to Europe and affronts her destiny. The unsophisticated girl is cruelly wronged because of the confrontation between the two value systems. Miller has ever since become the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures. In this novel James’s sympathy for Daisy could be easily felt when we think of a tender flower crushed by the harsh winter in Rome.3.The content of this selection: Daisy has just arrived at Switzerland with her family and meets Winterborne for the first time. Two days later Daisy goes alone with Winterborne on an excursion to an old castle, which is soon in the air among theby its narration from the point of view of the American youth Winterborne狄金森诗歌的主题结构及艺术特色The thematic concerns and the original artistic features of Dickinson's poetry: 1.Themes: Dicksinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her litlle lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature.2.Artistic features: Her poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. In her poetry there is a particular stress pattern, in which dashes are used as a musica1 device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis. Most of her poems borrow the repeated four-line, rhymed stanzas of traditional Christian hymns, with two lines of four-beat meter alternating with two lines of three-beat meter. A master of imagery that makes the spiritual materialize in surprising ways, Dickinson managed manifold variations within her simple form: She used imperfect rhymes, subtle breaks of rhythm, and idiosyncratic syntax and punctuation to create fascinating word puzzles, which have produced greatly divergent interpretations over the years. Dickinson’s irregular or sometimes inverted sentence structure also confuses readers. However, her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness and plainness. Her poems are usually short, rarely more than twenty lines, and many of them are centered on a single image or symbo1 and focused on one subject matter. Due to her deliberate sec1usion, her poems tend to be very personal and meditative. She frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader, and personification to vivifysome abstract ideas. Dickinson's poetry, despite its ostensible formal simplicity, is remarkable for its variety, subtlety and richness; and her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.美国现代时期1.Ezra Pound: The Cantos; In a Station of the Metro.2.Robert Lee Frost: The Road Not Taken; Stopping by Woods on aSnowy Evening3.Eugene O’Neill: Beyond the Horizon; The Emperor Jones; The HairyApe;All God’s Chillun Got Wings; Desire under the Elms;Anna Christie; The Great God Brown; Lazarus Laughed;Strange Interlude; The Iceman Cometh;Long Day’s Journey Into Night.4. F Scott Fitzgerald: This Side of Paradise; The Beautiful andDamned;The Great Gatsby; Tender is the Night;Flappers and Philosophers; Tales of the Jazz Age;All the Sad Young Men; Taps at Reveille;Babylon Revisited.5.Ernest Hemingway: In Our Time; The Sun Also Rises;A farewell to Arms; For Whom the BellTolls;The Old Man and the Sea; Men Without Women.6.William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury; Light in August;Absalom, Absalom; Go Down, Moses;A Rose for Emily.1)The Imagist Movement and the artistic characteristics of imagist poems:Led by the American poet Ezra Pound,Imagist Movement is a poetic movement that flourished in the U.S. and England between 1909-1917. It advances modernism in arts which concentrates on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism,especially Tennyson's worldliness and high-flown language in poetry. Pound endorsed three main principles as guidelines for Imagism,including direct treatment of poetic subjects,elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words,and rhythmical composition should be composed with the phrasing of music,not a metronome. The primary Imagist objective is to avoid rhetoric and moralizing,to stick closely to the object or experience being described,and to move from explicit generalization. The leading poets are Ezra Pound,Wallace Stevens,wrence,etc.The characteristic products of the movement are more easily recognized than its theories defined;they tend to be short,composed of short lines of musical cadence rather than metrical regularity,to avoid abstraction,and to treat the imagewith a hard,clear precision rather than with overt symbolic intent. The influence of Japanese forms,tanka and haiku,is obvious in many. Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse and they like to emply common speech. They stressed the freedom in the choice of subject matter and form.2)The Lost GenerationIt refers to,in general,the post-World WarⅠgeneration,but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists,who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein,"You are all a lost generation,"addressed to Hemingway,was used as an epigraph to the latter's novel The Sun Also Rises,which brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing. The generation was "lost" in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a U.S. that seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial,materialistic,and emotional barren. The term embraces Hemingway,F. Scott Fitzgerald,Ezra Pound,E.E.Cummings,and many other writers who made Paris the center of their literary activities in the 1920s.3)What is Expressionism?Expressionism is used to describe the works of art and literature in which the representation of reality is distorted to communicate an inner vision,transforming nature rather than imitating it. In literature it is often considered a revolt against realism and naturalism,a seeking to achieve a psychological or spiritual reality rather than to record external events.In drama,the expressionist work was characterized by a bizarre distortion of reality. writers's concern was with general truths rather than with particular situations,hence they explored in their plays the predicaments of representative symbolic types rather than of fully developed individualized characters. Emphasis was laid not on the outer world,which is merely sketched in and barely defined in place or time,but on the internal,on an individual's mental state;hence the imitation of life is replaced in Expressionist drama by the ecstatic evocation of states of mind. In America,Eugene O'Neille's Emperor Jones,The Hairy Ape,etc. are typical plays that employ Expressionism4)The concept of "wasteland" in relation to the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literatureThe Waste Land is a poem written by T.S.Eliot on the theme of the sterility and chaos of the contemporary world. This most widely known expression of the despair of the post-War era has appeared over and again in the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literature. Fitzgerald sought to portray a spiritual wasteland of the Jazz Age. Beneath the masks of relaxation and joviality,there was only sterility,meaninglessness and futility amid the grandeur and extravagance,。
《英美文学选读》课程标准
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《英美文学选读》课程标准一、课程性质与任务英美文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。
它与英美文学史密切结合,使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时,可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理,并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯,开阔视野,在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。
英美文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景,培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣,增强语感,增进学生对英美社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解,提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。
二、课程教学目标1.知识目标1)文学知识:通过本课程的学习,学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的英美文学作品,把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点;另外,还应对英美文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。
2)语言知识:本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品,深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。
并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析,以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。
2.能力目标1)文学作品鉴赏能力:通过对作者作品的讲解,学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价,培养并提高自我鉴赏能力。
2)语言表达能力:通过课上和课下阅读及评价任务的完成,全面提高学生的口头和书面表达能力。
3)思辩能力:课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力,助其开拓思路,同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。
3.素质目标1)文学文化修养:本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课,旨在培养学生对英美文学及文化的理解,可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化,并形成独立的开放的文化观,进一步强化其跨文化意识。
2)基本的研究素质:本课程通过对文学作品的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角,可使其具备基本的文学研究素质。
3)文学翻译的基础:本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素,可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料,并做好前期准备。
自考英美文学选读课件(超级完整版)
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制作思维导图
利用思维导图工具将笔记内容可视化,形成 清晰的知识网络。
定期复习
定期回顾和复习笔记内容,加深记忆和理解; 同时不断补充和完善笔记。
08
课程总结与展望未来
课程重点内容回顾
01 文学流派与时期
本课程涵盖了从古典到现代的英美文学发展,重 点介绍了各个时期的代表性流派,如浪漫主义、 现实主义、现代主义等。
周完成一篇读书笔记等。
制定学习计划
根据学习目标,制定详细的学习计划, 包括学习时间、学习内容、学习方法 等。
监督与调整
定期检查学习进度,根据实际情况调 整学习计划,确保按计划执行。
如何提高阅读速度和效率
预览与预测
在阅读前预览文本,了解大致内容和结 构,预测可能涉及的主题和观点。
意群阅读
通过意群阅读,将单词组合成有意义 的短语或句子,提高阅读速度和理解
《傲慢与偏见》
通过贝内特家五个女儿的婚恋经历, 探讨婚姻与爱情的真谛。
《尤利西斯》
通过主人公布鲁姆一天的生活,表现 现代人的孤独与迷茫。
07
自学方法与技巧分享
如何制定自学计划并执行
确定学习目标
明确自考英美文学选读的学习目标, 包括掌握文学理论、了解文学流派、
熟悉重要作家作品等。
分解学习任务
将学习计划分解为可执行的小任务, 如每天阅读一定数量的文学作品、每
英美戏剧流派及特点
古典主义戏剧
以古希腊和古罗马戏 剧为典范,注重情节、 结构和语言的完美和 谐。
浪漫主义戏剧
强调情感、个性和自 然的表达,追求超越 现实的理想境界。
现实主义戏剧
关注现实生活和社会 问题,通过刻画典型 人物和环境来揭示社 会本质。
自考《英美文学选读》(英)现代文学时期(3)-1
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自考《英美文学选读》(英)现代文学时期(3)-1Ⅱ。
John Galsworthy (1867-1933)一。
一般识记His life:John Galsworthy was born into an upper-middle class family. He was educated first at Harrow and then at Oxford. After practising the law for a short time,he turned to literature.二。
识记His major works:He published his first book,From the Four Winds (a volume of short stories),in 1897 under the pseudonym of John Sinjohn. The experiences of his wife’s unhappy life of the first marriage were reflected in The Man of Property (1906),which,together with his first p1ay,The Silver Box (1906),established him as a prominent novelist and playwright in the public mind. After the First Wor1d War he completed The Forsyte Saga,his first trilogy:The Man of Property,In Chancery (1920) and To Let (1921)。
His second Forsyte trilogy,A Modern Comedy,appeared in 1929,and the third,End of the Chapter,posthumous1y in 1934.三。
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料
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《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一.课程介绍:本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。
主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度,简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响,主要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品,包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
二.《英美文学选读》的考核目标,按照识记,领会,应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。
三个层次呈递进关系,其含义是:识记:有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会:在识记的基础上,能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上,能运用本课程的基本理论,基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品,并能用英语正确表达。
Part 1 English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature一.重点:有关这部分的文学史内容1.古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2.英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3.中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4.Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献二.练习:1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, theyear of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD.mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as thenational ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. WilliamShakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD. natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance2). Heroic Couplet3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?Chapter1. The Renaissance Period一.重点前言部分1.文艺复兴的起源,起始时间,内容及特征2.人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3.文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习:Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science inEngland.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period2). blank verse3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?文艺复兴时期的主要作家。
英美文学选读
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英美文学选读引言英美文学是世界文学发展的重要组成部分,涵盖了众多经典作品和文学流派。
本文档将介绍一些值得阅读的英美文学作品,并对其背景、主题和影响进行探讨。
一、莎士比亚戏剧莎士比亚的戏剧作品被公认为英美文学的巅峰之作。
其中,《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等作品被奉为经典。
莎士比亚的戏剧作品不仅在当时英国引起了轰动,而且至今仍被广泛上演,深受观众的喜爱。
二、19世纪小说19世纪是英美文学史上最辉煌的时期之一。
狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》、奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》和斯托夫人的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》等作品成为了经典。
这些小说以其生动的人物形象、独特的叙事风格和深刻的社会洞察力而闻名。
它们不仅展示了19世纪英美社会的方方面面,还探讨了人性、阶级和爱情等主题。
三、20世纪现代派文学20世纪是现代派文学的重要时期,包括了许多著名的英美作家。
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《至灯前行》、詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》以及托马斯·皮金斯的《独自漫步,散步的艺术》都是这一时期的代表作品。
现代派文学尝试突破传统叙事形式,以流畅的笔触和创新的结构风格展示复杂的思想和情感。
四、美国南方文学美国南方文学是美国文学的重要分支,展现了当地特有的历史、文化和社会风貌。
马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、威廉·菲克纳的《喧哗与骚动》以及哈珀·李的《杀死一只知更鸟》都是美国南方文学的代表作品。
这些作品描绘了南方地区的种族关系、社会格局和道德观念,带有浓厚的叙事风格和深入人心的主题。
五、现代主义文学现代主义文学是20世纪英美文学的重要流派,以其复杂的叙事结构、意义的多重解读和对传统文学规范的挑战而著称。
提琴塔·拉马瑞斯的《荒原》、詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》和T·S·艾略特的《荒原》都是现代主义文学的经典作品。
这些作品充满了象征主义、意象主义和流派交融的特点,对读者提出了复杂的思考和理解挑战。
《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲
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《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲课程编号:100187英文名:Selected Readings in British and American Literature课程类别:专业主干课前置课: 英美文学导论学分:3学分课时:54课时主讲教师:冯建文选定教材:王守仁,《英国文学选读》,高等教育出版社,2001年。
陶洁,《美国文学选读》,高等教育出版社,2001年。
课程概述:《英美文学选读》课程的教学内容是根据本课程的性质、学习目的以及英语专业高年级教学的特点确定的。
本课程主要内容包括英国和美国文学史上代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
结合英国和美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景,文学文化思潮和流派,社会政治、经济、文化等对英国和美国文学史上最具有影响、最具有代表性的作家的作品中的艺术特色、主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格和思想意义等进行深入地分析。
教学目的:《英美文学选读》是英语语言文学专业本科四年级学生的选修课程,是为培养理解和鉴赏英国和美国文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。
设置本课程旨在使学生在掌握英国和美国文学源流和发展的基础之上,通过阅读具有代表性的英国和美国文学作品,理解作品的内容,学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法,增强对作品中表现的社会生活和人物感情的理解,提高语言基本功和阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。
教学方法:课堂讲授和研讨相结合,教师布置学生课前对作家生平和历史背景进行研究,并向学生提供参考书目和相关网站;课堂上进行重点阅读和分析;组织课堂讨论,鼓励新视角和新思维;并通过影视、多媒体等手段辅助教学,在期中和期末布置学期论文和考查来检验教学效果。
各章教学要求及教学要点(加星号*为重点内容)英国文学部分第一章:Early And Medieval English Literature教学要求:细读英国伟大诗人乔叟的代表作品《坎特伯雷故事集》的节选,分析其主要语言和叙事特色,解读作品中反映出的中世纪的宗教、政治、经济和市民生活等诸多方面的问题。
《英美文学选读》课程概述
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课程概述一、课程性质和学习目的英美文学选读课是全国高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业本科段的必修课,是为培养和检验自学应考者英美文学的基本理论知识和理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。
设置本课程旨在使英语自学者对英美两国文学形成与发展的全貌有一个大概的了解;并通过阅读具有代表性的英美文学作品,理解作品的内容,学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法。
由于本课程以作家作品为重点,因此学生要仔细品味原作。
通过阅读,努力提高语言水平,增强对英美文学原著的理解,特别是对作品中表现的社会生活和人物思想感情的理解,提高他们阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。
二、课程内容本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。
主要内容包括英美文学发展史、及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度,简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景,文学文化思潮,文学流派,社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响,主要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等;选读部分主要节选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品,包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
三、考核目标及考核要求本课程的考试要求为全日制普通高等学校英语语言文学专业《英美文学选读》课程的结业水平。
除绪论部分外,大纲对其它部分均一一列出知识点,并提出具体的考核要求。
其中,凡要求“识记”的内容,所涉及的知识和理论都与考核点直接相关,应考者应熟知其概念和有关知识,理解其原理,并能在语言环境中予以辨认。
凡要求“领会”的内容,必须做到掌握有关知识和理论。
凡要求“应用”的内容,必须做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转化为能力,即能用有关知识和理论来分析解决英美文学中的相关问题,并指导作品的阅读。
凡要求“一般识记”的内容,所涉及的知识和理论,一般不直接作为考核时命题的内容,但由于这些内容对于其它相关知识理论以及作品阅读能力的考核有直接或间接的影响,因此要求应考者在自学过程中对这些内容要有所了解,不应忽略。
英美文学选读
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英美文学选读
英美文学选读是一门涉及英美文学的学科,其主要内容是阅读英美文学作品,并从中研究英美文字的风格、文化背景以及作家的思想等。
英美文学选读能够让学生更好的了解英美文学作品的背景知识,以及作家的创作理念。
英美文学选读的范围很广,包括英美文学史、文学理论、诗歌、小说、戏剧等多种形式,涵盖了英美文学的各个时期,从古典文学到现代文学,都有所涉及。
在英美文学选读中,不仅要研究作家的作品,还要了解作家的生平、文学思想等信息,以便更好的理解作家的作品。
在英美文学选读中,学生可以研究到许多有价值的英美文学知识。
比如,可以深入了解英美文学的发展历史,掌握英美文学的历史变迁和文学思潮的演变,了解英美文学作品的文学风格和文学特点,以及文学创作的艺术技巧。
另外,英美文学选读还可以让学生更好的了解英美文学作品的文化背景,这有助于学生深入理解作家的创作理念和艺术风格。
研究英美文学选读,也能够让学生更好的掌握英美文学作品的文学结构,以及作家的文学思想,从而更好的欣赏和理解英美文学作品的精髓。
总的来说,英美文学选读是一门非常有价值的学科,它不仅可以让学生更好的了解英美文学作品,还可以让学生深入理
解作家的创作理念,并对英美文学有更深入的认识。
通过英美文学选读,学生可以获取更多的文学知识,从而更好的欣赏和理解英美文学作品。
英美文学选读-英国-文艺复兴时期-练习题汇总(选择大题)
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I.Multiple ChoiceOld and Medieval Period1. _______, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A. The Canterbury TalesB. ExodusC. BeowulfD. The Legend of Good Women 1.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________.(一)1 (074)A.William Langland’ s Piers Plowman B.Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC.John Gower’s Confession Amantis D.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (024)C.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales1. ________ employed the heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English Literature. (一) 2 (057)(047)A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. George Gordon ByronC. Edmund SpenserD. Robert Browning1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. (024)A.ChristianB.knightlyC.GreekD.primitiveThe Neoclassical Period1.With classical culture and the()humanistic ideas coming into England, the English Renaissance began flourishing. (057)A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. Greek1. During the reign of ________, England started its Religious Reformation and broke away from Rome.A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Edward VID. Queen Elizabeth1. The Protestant movement, which was seen as a means to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption and superstition of the Middle Ages, was initiated by _______.(一)3A. Francis BaconB. Martin LutherC. Thomas MoreD. William Shakespeare 1.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events EXCEPT_________.(一) 4 (084)A.the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureB.the vast expansion of British colonies in North AmericaC.the new discoveries in geography and astrologyD.the religious reformation and the economic expansion1. In Renaissance, the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to do the following EXCEPT ______. (094)A. getting rid of those old feudalist ideasB. getting control of the parliament and governmentC. introducing new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisieD. recovering the purity of the early church, from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church11.Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance humanism? (034)A. Cultivation of the art of this world and this life.B. Tolerance of human foibles.C. Search for the genuine flavor of ancient culture.D. Glorification of religious faith.21. The Renaissance marks a transition from ______ to the modern world. (104)A. the old EnglishB. the medievalC. the feudalistD. the capitalist2.The English Renaissance period was an age of ______ . (一)5 (044)A. poetry and dramaB. drama and novelC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry1.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is(). (054)A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism6.______ is the essence of the Renaissance. (一)6 (074) A.Poetry B.Drama C.Humanism D.Reason1. About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true? (浙0210 )A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without anyfreedom and independence.C. They couldn’t see the human values in the ir works.D. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life.3. One of the distinct features of the Elizabethan time is_____. (浙0210)A. the flourishing of the dramaB. the popularity of the realistic novelC. the domination of the classical poetryD. the close-down of all the theatres2.Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the __________and madeit the principal medium of English drama.(047)A. blank verseB. free verseC. sonnetD. alliteration11. Marlowe gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “______”. (一)7 (浙1001)A. lyrical linesB. soft linesC. mighty linesD. religious lines1._______ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England, while _______ brought in blank verse, i.e. the unrhymed iambic pentameter line. (一)8 (浙0410)A. Wyatt...SurreyB. Wyatt...SidneyC. Surrey...SidneyD. Sidney...Spenser2. It was ________ who first introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.A. CaxtonB. WyattC. SurreyD. Marlowe2.The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______. (094)A. SurreyB. WyattC. SidneyD. Shakespeare6. In English poetry, a four-line stanza is called ______. (044)A. heroic coupletB. quatrainC. Spenserian stanzaD. terza rima10.Christoper Marlow’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is a (n). (034)A. pastoral lyricB. elegyC. eulogyD. epic7.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and ______________.(一)9 (074)A.John Milton B.John Bunyan C.Ben Jonson D.Edmund Spenser4.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are all the following EXCEPT ______. (087)A. Francis BaconB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Ben Jonson3.“Metaphysical Poetry” refers to the works of the 17th - century writers who wrote under the influence of _____. (097)(074)A. John DonneB. Alexander PopeC. Christopher MarloweD. John Milton20.Which of the following is NOT typical of metaphysical poetry best represented by John Donne’s works? (034)A. Common speech.B. Conceit.C. Argument.D. Refined language.4. All the following poets except ________ belong to the metaphysical school.A. DonneB. HerbertC. MarvellD. Milton13.Spenser’s masterpiece is ______, which is a great poem of the age. (浙1001)A. The Shepheardes CalenderB. The Faierie QueeneC. The Rape of LucreceD. The Canterbury Tales1. Edmund Spenser’s masterpiece is _____. (浙0610)A. The Shepheared’s CalenderB. The Faerie QueenC. EpithalamionD. The Canterbury Tales3.____ is the first important English essayist and the founder of modern science in England.(027浙)A.Francis BaconB.Edmund SpenserC.William CarxtonD.Sidney12. Francis Bacon is not only the first important essayist but also the founder of modern ______ in England. (浙1001)A. poetryB. novelC. proseD. science6.______, the first important English essayist, was also the founder of modern science in England and one of the representatives of the English Renaissance.(一)A.Christopher Marlowe B.Thomas MoreC.Francis Bacon D.William Shakespeare1._____,the first important English essayist, is best known for his essays which greatly influenced the development of this literary form. (浙0501)A. Charles LambB. Ben JonsonC. Francis BaconD. John Lyly9.Francis Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and ______________.(074)A.complicity B.complexity C.powerfulness D.mildnessWilliam Shakespeare3. Shakespeare is known to have used _________ different words. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader. (浙0901)A. 16,000B. 1600C.20,000D. 20003. As a Renaissance humanist, Shakespeare ( )(一)11 (浙0710)A. is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequalityand the corrupting influence of gold and money.B. holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.C. gives faithful reflection of the social realities of his time through his works.D. all of the above.16.Shakespeare’s four greatest trage dies are ________. (084)( 074 Ⅲ) A.Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, HamletB.Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, The Merchant of VeniceC.Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD.Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, Othello, Hamlet4. Shakespeare’s four great tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, ______and ______.()(浙0401)A. King Lear...Romeo and JulietB. King Lear…MacbethC. King John...Julius CaesarD.King John…The Merchant of Ven ice2.Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the following except(). (054)A. Hamlet and King LearB. Antony and Cleopatra and MacbethC. Julius Caesar and OthelloD. The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream2. In Shakespeare’s greatest t ragedies, which of the following is the typical characteristic the heroes share in common? ( ) (浙0810)A. They have a strong lust for power and finally go into incessant crimes.B. They are perfect heroes without any weakness.C. They face the injustice of human life but are never caught in a difficult situation.D. They have a fate which is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.2. As to the great tragedy Hamlet, which of the following is not true? (一)12(浙0301)A. The timeless appeal of this mighty drama lies in its combination of intrigue, emotional conflict and searching philosophic melancholy.B. The bare outline of the play is based on a widespread legend in northern Europe.C. The whole story of the play is created by Shakespeare himself.D. In it, Shakespeare condemns the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption at the royal court.3. ______, the melancholic scholar, prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind.(一)13 (浙0910)A. OthelloB. MacbethC. HamletD. Antonio3. In Hamlet, the hero’s trouble mainly lies in ( ) (浙0810)A. his pride in refusing to acknowledge his mot her’s second marriageB. his hesitation in carrying out his plan of revengeC. his suspicion that his father was murdered by his uncleD. his ambition to gain quick access to the throne15. ________ is a natural means of writing in revealing the prince’s i nner conflict and psychological predicament in Shakespeare's Hamlet.(一)14A.Dialogue B.SoliloquyC.Dramatic monologue D.Satire8.“To be, or not to be - that is the question;/Whether’ tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles ,/And by opposing end then?” These lines are taken from _____.(104)A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. OthelloD. Hamlet8.“To be, or not to be—that is the question”is a line taken from___________. (074) A.Hamlet B.Othello C.King Lear D.The merchant of venice15.“To be, or not to be — that is the question;/whether’ tis nobler in the mind to suffer,/the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, /And by opposing end them?” The quoted lines are taken from ______. (087) A. King Lear B. Romeo and Juliet C. Othello D.Hamlet4. _____ lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.A. Othello’sB. Hamlet’sC. Shylock’sD. Macbeth’s (浙0610)2. _____ inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force. (浙0501)A. Hamlet’sB. Othello’sC. King Lear’sD. Macbeth’s1. About Shakespeare’s romantic comedies, which of the following is true? (浙0310)A. He takes an optimistic attitude toward love and truth.B. The romantic elements are not brought into full play at all.C. He presents the patriotic spirit when engaging intellectual excitement and emotion.D. There is a wonderful balance of characters.2. Abo ut Shakespeare’s romantic comedies, which of the following is not true?(浙0710)A. He takes an optimistic attitude toward love and truth.B. The romantic elements are brought into full play.C. He praises the patriotic spirit when engaging intellectual excitement and emotion.D. His youthful Renaissance spirit of jollity is fully reflected.4.The most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____. (097)A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. As You Like ItD. Twelfth Night3. It is generally believed that the most import ant play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____.A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. As You Like ItC. The Merchant of VeniceD. Twelfth Night11.Here are two lines taken from The Merchant of Venice: “Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew/Thou mak’st thy knife keen.” What kind of figurative device is used in the above lines?()(054) A. Simile. B. Metonymy.C. Pun.D. Synecdoche.6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.”The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____. (024)A.dramatic ironyB.personificationC.allegoryD.symbolism4.In Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shylock, because ______.(一)15 (044)A. his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industryB. his enterprise went bankruptC. Bassanio was able to pay his own debtD. his ships had all been lost3. The Tempest is a typical example of Shakespeare’s__________view of life towards human life and society in his late years. (0410 浙)A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. satiricalD. none of the above3.As the best of Shakespeare's final romances, ______ is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.(一)16 (107)(094) A. The Tempest B. The Winter's TaleC. CymbelineD. The Rape of Lucrece6. Shakespeare’ s ______, an elaborate and fantastic story, is known as the best of his final romances. (104)A. The Winter’s TaleB. The TempestC. The Taming of the ShrewD. Love’ s Labour’ s Lost4. Shakespeare’s ______ are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.(一)17 (027浙) A. comedies B. tragediesC. history playsD. dark comedies2. Which of the following is William Shakespeare’s history play? (047)A. MacbethB. Henry IVC. Romeo and JulietD. King Lear5. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?(044) (024)A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.3.The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ______________. (074)A.comedies B.tragedies C.sonnets D.histories4.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 includes three stanzas according to the content with these last two lines as a(), which completes the sense of the above lines. (057)A. preludeB. coupletC. epigraphD. exposition2. In his tragedy Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare eulogizes _____. (浙0210)A. the faithfulness of loveB. the spirit of pursuing happinessC. the heroine's great beauty , wit and loyaltyD. both A and BJohn Milton4.Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from ______________. (074)A.the Renaissance B.the Old TestamentC.Greek Mythology D.the New Testament3. The story of Paradise Lost is taken from____. It tells about___. (浙0810)A. the Old Testament … …Satan’s rebellion against God.B. the Bible… …the expulsion of Adam and Eve out of the garden of Eden.C. Greek Mythology … …a young prince’s revenge on his father’s mu rderer.D. both A and B3. Paradise Lost tells the story of _____. (浙0301)A. a young prince's revenge on his father's murdererB. the expulsion of Adam and Eve out of the garden of EdenC. Satan's rebellion against GodD. both B and C4. Which of the following statements about Paradise Lost is true? (一)18(浙0710)A. Adam and Eve were driven out of Paradise for their conspiracy with Satan.B. The writer intended to expose the ways of Satan and to justify the ways of God to men.C. Satan, as a rebel to God, was finally defeated and surrendered.D. Satan was finally reconciled with God.3. In heaven, _____ led a rebellion against God. Defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into Hell. (浙0501)A. AdamB. EveC. SatanD. Samson17.John Milton’s ______ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. (107)(094)(084)A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica19.Among the three major works by John Milton ______ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.(一)19 (084)A.Paradise Regained B.Samson AgonistesC.Lycidas D.Paradise Lost4.John Milton's greatest poetical work ______ is the only generally acknowledged epic in English literarure since Beowulf. (094)A. AreopagiticaB. Paradise LostC. LycidasD. Samson Agonistes14.John Milton wrote ______ to expose the way of Satan and to “justify the ways of God to men”. (浙1001)A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. LycidasD. Samson Agonistes18. “To wage by force or guile eternal war,Irreconcilable to our grand Foe.”(John Milton, Paradise lost)By what means were Satan and his followers to wage this war against God? (034)A. By planting a tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.B. By turning into poisonous snakes to threaten man’s life.C. By removing God from His throne.D. By corrupting man and woman created by God.9. John Milton’ s most po werful dramatic poem on the Greek model is ______.(104)A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Lycidas5. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is Milton’s _____. (097)A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica21. Samson Agonistes by ______ is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English. (107)A. John MiltonB. William BlakeC. Henry FieldingD. William Wordsworth7. Among the three major poetical works by John Milton ______ is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.A. Samson AgonistesB. Paradise LostC. Paradise RegainedD. Areopagitica16. The hero of one his main works is an Israel’s mighty champion, blind, alone and fighting against his thoughtless enemie s. This hero’s experience is in close resemblance to the poet himself. This poet’s name is ________.(一)20A.John Milton B.John BunyanC.Edmund Spenser D.Christopher Marlowe3.Which of the following is not John Milton’s works?(浙0210)A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Othello20. Which of the following works does not belong to John Milton? (047)A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. AdonaisD. LlycidasII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)(1)(浙0410)Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed:But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st,So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this ,and this gives life to thee.1.What kind of poem is this, blank verse, sonnet, pastoral poem,or ode? Who is the author?2. What is the central idea of this poem?41. “Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in hi s shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”Questions: (064)(一)42A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this part is taken.B. What does the word “this” in the last line refer to?C. What idea do the quoted lines express?41. A. William Shakespeare; Sonnet 18B. “this” refers the poem.C. When you are in my eternal poetry, you are even with time. A nice summer’sday is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. 41.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:”Questions: (084)(一)41A.Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B.Name the figure of speech employed in the poem.C.What is the theme of the poem?41. A. William Shakespeare; Sonnet 18B. PersonificationC. A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last forever.41. “To be, or not to be —— that is the question;Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them?”Questions: (107) (一)43A. Who is the writer of this work? What’s the title of the work?B. What does the phra se “to take arms against a sea of troubles ” mean?C. How do you understand the quotation “To be, or not to be -that is the question”?41. A. William Shakespeare; HamletB. “to take arms against a sea of troubles ” mean s to take up arms against troublesthat sweep upon us like a sea.C. Whether to live on in this world or to die is a question. It reflects Hamlet’sdilemma and has become the eternal questioning of human action.41.“Not on thy s ole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,Thou mak’st thy knife keen; but no metal can,No, not the hangman’s axe, bear half the keennessOf thy sharp envy.”Questions: (057)(一)44A. Identify the author and the title of the play from which this part is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in this quoted passage?C. What idea does the passage express?41. A. William Shakespeare; The Merchant of VeniceB. PunC. The Jew makes his knife keen on his soul and even an axe is not as keen as hisenvy. This indicates that the Jew (Shylock) is a cruel man.III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)45.William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights the world has ever known. (074)(一)45(1)Name his four greatest tragedies.(2)What are the characteristics of the four tragedies in common?(3)Briefly summarize each hero’s weakness of nature.45. A. Shakespeare’s four gre atest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, andMacbeth.B. They some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, whofaces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.C. Each hero has his weakness of nature: Hamlet, the melancholic scholar-prince, faces thedilemma between action and mind; Othello’s inner weak ness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.45. Working through the tradition of a Christian humanism, Milton wrote Paradise Lost, inten ding to expose the ways of Satan and to “justify the ways of God to men.” What is Milton’s fundamental concern in Paradise Lost? (104) (一)4645. A. At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty liesMilton’s fundamental concern with freedom and choice;B. The freedom to submit to God’s prohibition on eating the appleC. and the choice of disobedience made for love.47. The following passage is taken from The Merchant of Venice. Read it carefully and find the dramatic irony it contains. Use it as an example to illustrate what dramatic irony is. (034) (一)47“Bassanio: Antonio, I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, my wife, and all world,Are not with me esteem’d above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them allHere to this devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear yo u make the offer.”Answer:47. A. When the audience is aware of a discrepancy between a character's perceptionof his or her own situation and the true nature of that situation, that is dramatic irony.B. In the given example, Portia, Bassanio's newly-married wife, disguised herselfas the lawyer to take charge of the case. Portia herself and the audience know all this, but Bassanio is ignorant of it. So when Bassanio offers in front of his disguised wife to sacrifice her in order to deliver Antonio, he makes himself behave in a ridiculous way in the eyes of the audience. Thus an effect of dramatic irony is achieved.IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)49. Briefly discuss William Shakespeare's artistic achievements in characterization, plot construction and language. (094) (一)4949. A. Shakespeare’s major characters are neither merely individual ones nor typeones; they represent certain types; they are individuals representing certain types. By employing a psycho-analytical approach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters’ inner world. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs. Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters.B. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plot; instead, he borrows them from oldplays or story-books, from ancient Greek or Roman sources. In order to make the play more lively and compact, he would shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually several clues running through the play, thus providing the story with suspense and apprehension.C. Shakespeare can write skillfully in different poetic forms, such as the sonnet,the blank verse and the rhymed couplet. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old works also creates striking effects on the reader.1. Please state Shakespeare's views on the Renaissance literature. (浙0210)。
《英美文学选读》教学大纲剖析
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《英美文学选读》课程教学大纲一、基本信息课程编号:10601100460课程名称:英美文学选读英文名称:Selective Reading of British and American Literature课程性质:必修课总学时:32 学分: 2理论学时:32 实验学时: 0实践学时:0 指导自学学时:9适用专业:英语专业适用层次:本科先修课程:英语国家概况,英语精读承担院部:人文学院学科组:英语专业学科组二、课程介绍(一)课程目标及地位1.该课程设置的主要目的(依据就业岗位需要阐述);本课程目的在于培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力,掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。
同时,通过阅读和分析英美文学作品,增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解,促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高。
2.该课程在整个专业课程体系中的地位;国家教育部2000年3月批准颁布并实施的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》明确地得知英语专业课程可以设置为三大模块。
1.职业技能(听、说、读、写、译);2. 职业知识(包括语言学、文学、英美概况等课程);3. 相关职业知识(包括涉外文秘、外交学概论、东西方政治经济学、商务和金融财会管理等课程)。
这三大模块应该是一个有机整体,绝不是将其中的一块用另一块来替代。
新教学大纲的颁布确立了英美文学教学在英语专业教学中的地位。
3.该课程在专业学习目标中的作用以及该课程与前后课程的联系。
《英美文学选读》是英语专业的一门主干和核心课程,通过文学阅读与体验促进学生的语言知识学习和英语技能训练,增强学生对西方文化的了解,提高学生的思辨创新能力。
本课程是大三年级开设的专业课程,需要学生在基础阶段的课程(《精读》、《听力》等)学习中打下扎实的语言基本功以及一定的人文素养,为本课程的学习奠定坚实的基础。
(二)教学基本要求本课程旨在使学生对英美两国文学形成与发展的全貌有一个大概的了解;并通过阅读与分析具有代表性的英美文学作品,达到以下教学目标:1.思想道德与职业素养目标:通过文学阅读,理解文学作品中的人物品质与主题内涵,并能够结合实际生活,塑造良好的思维特质与情感维度以及人文素养。
英美文学选读-英国-新古典主义时期-练习题汇总
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1.The 18th-ce ntury En gla nd is known as ((浙0710)A. the Age of Purita nism B. the Age of Reas onC. the Era of CapitalismD. the Age of Glory2.En glish En lighte ners in the 18 th century held _______________ a s the yardstick for the measureme nt of all huma n activities and relati ons. (一)1A.propertyB. educati onC. emoti onD. reas on3.In the Enlightenment Movement, the progressive representatives intended ____________ . (浙0810)A.to call the people to fight aga inst poverty and hardshipB.to tell people to econo mize and to accumulate wealthC.to en lighte n the whole world with the light of moder n philosophical and artistic ideasD.to in struct people to obta in their prese nt social status through hard work4.As to education, the enlighteners thought that __________ . (浙0310 )A.huma n beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and not capable of rati on ality and perfecti onthrough educati on.B.uni versal educati on was unn ecessary.C.if the com mon people were well educated, there would be great cha nee for a democraticand equal huma n society.D.most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further education.5.Why did the enlighteners regard education the major means to improve the society and thepeople?()(浙0710)A.Because most of the human beings were perfect themselves, so only a few needed further educati on.B.If the com mon people were well educated, there would be great cha nee for a democratic and equal huma n society.C.Because universal education was limited , dualistic, imperfect, and unnecessary.D.Because huma n beings were not capable of rati on ality and perfecti on through educati on.6.About reason , the enlighteners thought _________ .(浙0210 )A.reas on or rati on ality should be the only, the final cause of any huma n thought andactivitiesB.reas on could n't lead to truth and justiceC.superstiti on was above reas on and rati on alityD.equality and scie nee is con trary to reas on and rati on ality7.In the field of literature, the En lighte nment Moveme nt brought about the tendency of ()A.realismB. purita nismC. n eoclassicismD. roma nticism8.Which of the following statements about Neo-Classicism and Enlightenment Movement is true?A.The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe inthe 17th century .B.Neo-Classicism found its artistic models in the classical literature of the ancient Greekand Roma n writers like Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, etc. and in the con temporary French writers.C.Neo-Classicism put the stress on the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, spontan eous emoti on, and passi on.D.Satire was much used in writing in the neo-classic works. English literature of this age produced a disti nguished satirist Daniel Defoe.9.Which of the follow ing descripti ons of En lighte nment Moveme nt is NOT true? ()A.It was a progressive in tellectual moveme nt that flourished in Fra nee.B.It was a furthera nee of the Ren aissa nee of the 15th and 16th cen turies.C.The purpose was to enlighten the whole world with modern philosophical and artistic ideas.D.The En lighte ners advocate in dividual educati on. (com mon people )10.The enlighteners placed much emphasis on reason, because they thought ( )(浙0710)A.superstiti on was above reas on and rati on ality.B.reas on and emoti on both could lead to truth and justice.C.reason or rationality should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities.D.equality and scie nee is con trary to reas on and rati on ality.11.All of the following statements can correctly describe the Enlightenment Movement EXCEPTA.The moveme nt flourished in Fran ce.B.The moveme nt was a furthera nee of the Ren aissa nee.C.The purpose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world.D.The purpose of the movement was to enhance the religious education.12.As a represe ntative of the En lighte nment, _________ w as one of the first to in troduce rati on alismto En gla nd. (094)A.John Bun yanB. Daniel DefoeC. Alexa nder PopeD. Jon athan Swiftth 13.(The) ( ) was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18ce ntury. (054)A.Roma nticismB. Huma nismC. En lighte nmentD. Sen time ntalism14.According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classicalworks of the ancient Greek and ___________ writers. (浙0210 )B. BritishD. Roma n15. Which of the following statements is true according to the principles of the neoclassicists?(浙 0801)A. All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek andRoma n writers.B. They tried to delight, in struct and correct huma n beings as social ani mals.C. They tried to develop a polite, urbane, witty and intellectual art.D. All of the above.16. The neoclassicists did not believe that ( )(浙 0710)A. the literature should be used to delight and in struct huma n bein gs.B. the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy.C. the literary works should be created in depe nden tly and origi nally.D. both A and C17. The great political and social events in the English society of neoclassical period were the follow ing EXCEPT ___________ .(104)A. the Restoration of King Charles II in 1660B. the Great Plague of 1665C. the Great London Fire in 1666D. the Wars of Roses in 1689(1455-1487 )th18. The 18 cen tury wit nessed a new literary form — the moder n En glish no vel, which, con trary to the medieval roma nee, gives a __________ prese ntati on of life of the com mon people. (044)A. roma nticB. realisticC. propheticD. idealistic19. Which of the following terms can be used to refer to the 18th-century English literature?A. The Age of Roma nee.B. The Age of Drama .C. The Age of Prose.D. The Age of Poetry.20. The belief of the eighteenth - century neoclassicists in England led them to seek the following EXCEPT __________ . (104)A. proporti onB. UnityC. harm onyD. spirit21. The British bourgeois or middle class believed in the followi ng notio ns EXCEPT ___________ 094)A. self - esteemB. self - relia neeC. self - restra intD. hard work22. I n the 18th cen tury, the British gover nment was main ly con trolled by two political parties inA. Italia n C. Germa nturn. They are ( ) (浙0801)A.the upper House and the lower House.B.the House of Lords and the House of Represe ntatives.C.the Whigs and the Tories.D.the Sen ate and the House of Represe ntatives.23. Contrary to the traditional romanee of aristocrats, the modern English novel gives a realisticprese ntati on of life of . (084)A. the com mon En glish people C. the rising bourgeoisieB. the upper classD. the enterprising landlords24. The pri ncipal eleme nts of ______________ i n the late eightee nth cen tury are viole nee, horror, and the super natural, which str on gly appeal to reader 'emoti on.( ) (一) 3 (浙0601) A. history no vel B. Gothic no vel C. roma ntic no vel D. sen time ntal no vel25. Graveyard School " writers are the followi ng sen time ntalists EXCEPT ___________ . (094)A. James Thoms onC. William Cowper古墓派诗人一汤姆森-科林斯-库伯B. William Colli ns D. Thomas Jacks on26. The poem Elegy Writte n in a Country Churchyard "墓园挽诗established _____________ as the leaderof the sen time ntal poetry of ()(047)A. Thomas Gray 汤姆斯-曷雷the day , especially the Graveyard School ”.B. Samuel Joh nsonD. John Milt on27. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for prose EXCEPT ____________________ . (一) 4 ()A. being precise C. being flexibleB. being direct D. being satiric28. In the theatrical world of the neoclassical period, ________________ was the leading figure among thehost of playwrights.A. William BlakeB. Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德上匕.谢立丹D . Bernard Shaw29. Richard Brinsley Sheridan was the only English dramatist of the ______________ century. (浙0810)A. sixtee nthB. seve ntee nth (一) 5C. eightee nthD. nin etee nth30. In the last few decades of the 18 cen tury, the n eoclassicism was gradually replaced by __.( 浙0510)A. roma nticism C. moder nismB. critical realism D. n aturalism31. The middle of the 18th century saw a newly rising literary form —( ) (浙0301)A. the moder n En glish novelB. the moder n En glish poetryC. the moder n En glish dramaD. both A and B32. Britain witnessed two major romantic poets in the later half of the 18th century. They are( ) (浙0701 ) A. Joh n Milt on and William Blake (一) 6B. Robert Bur ns and Joh n KeatsC. George Herbert and Joh n DonneD. Robert Burns and William Blake33. ______ was the last greatest n eoclassicist en lighte ner in the later 18 th cen tury. A. Henry Fieldi ng B. Alexa nder PopeC. Richard SteeleD. Samuel Joh nson34. ______ was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the later eighteenth century. He was very much concerned with the theme of the vanity of human wishes.( ) (一) 7 (浙 0901 )A. William BlakeB. S amuel Joh nsonC. Thomas GrayD. H enry Fielding35. Which of the follow ing authors does not bel ong to the en lighte ners of the 18th cen tury?(浙0701 )A. Jonathan Swift.B. Walter Scott .C. Daniel Defoe.D. He nry Fieldi ng.Daniel Defoe36. Which of the following is not Daniel Defoe 'works?(浙 0710)A. Gulliver ' Travels Jonathan SwiftB. Captai n Sin glet onC. Moll Fla ndersD. Rob inson Crusoequalities of middle-class menB. religious devoti on D. pioneering spirit( )(一) 8 (浙 0710)B. in depe ndence and stro ng will.(浙 0501)37. In Robinson Crusoe , Daniel Defoe glorifies all the following EXCEPTA. the in dig nity of labourC. loyalty to the king38. In Robinson Crusoe , the writer glorifies A. pride and happ in ess.D. hard work and success.40. The novels of ______________ a re the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. A. Bunyan C. Fielding41. Defoe 'group of four novels are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. They are the following EXCEPT ____________________ .(一) 9 (107 )A. Capta in Sin glet onB. Moll Fla ndersD. Rob inson Crusoe42. Dan iel Defoe, at the age of n early 60, started his first novel ______________________________ ,which is uni versallycon sidered his masterpiece.(浙 0410)A. Rob inson Crusoe B . Moll Fla ndersC. Col on el JackD. Capta in Sin glet on43. Daniel Defoe ' ___________ is uni versally con sidered as his masterpiece. (104)A. Colonel JackB. Robinson CrusoeC. Capta in Sin glet onD. A Journal of the Plague Year44. Daniel Defoe 'works are all the following EXCEPT __________________ . ()A. Moll Fla ndersB. A Tale of a TubC. A Journal of the Plague YearD. Colo nel Jack45. Daniel Defoe describes ______________________ as a typical English Middle- class man of the eighteenthcen tury, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pion eer coloni st.()A. Tom JonesB . GulliverC .Moll FlandersD . Robinson Crusoe46. Daniel Defoe describes ______________ a s a typical English middle — class man of the eighteenth century , the very prototype of the empire builder , the pioneer colonist .()A. Robi nso n CrusoeB. Moll Fla ndersC. GulliverD. Tom Jones47. The hero Robinson Crusoe is a typical( ) man, who has a great capacity for work,39. The lan guage in Robinson Crusoe is (A. easy, smooth and colloquialC. le ngthy and imagi native ).B. difficult and artificial D. obsce ne and difficult(浙 0310 )B . DefoeD . SwiftC. Roxanain exhaustible en ergy, courage, patie nee and persiste nee in overco ming obstacles and struggling against the hostile natural environment. (浙0510)A.seve ntee nth-ce ntury En glish upper classB.eightee nth-ce ntury En glish middle classC.seve ntee nth-ce ntury En glish work ing classD.eightee nth-ce ntury En glish lower classth48.The hero Robinson Crusoe is a typical 18 century English middle-calss man who __.( 浙0610)A.has a great capacity for work, in exhaustible en ergy, courage, patie nee and persiste nee in overco ming obstacles and struggli ng aga inst the hostile n atural environment.B.has strong will, but can 'tendure life 'loneliness.C.has a great capacity for work, but is frightened by the hostile natural environment.D.thinks all the people are born equal.49.The hero in Robinson Crusoe is the prototype of ( ) (一) 10 (浙0210)(浙0810 )A. the the n progressive bourgeoisieB. the empire builderC. the pion eer colonistD. all of the above50. In his novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the ____________________ ?(047)A. aristocratic classB. en terpris ing lan dlordsC. rising bourgeoisieD. hard-work ing people51. ________ ,an adve nture story very much in spirit of the time, is uni versally con sidered Defoe 'masterpiece. (浙0501) A. Moll Fla nders B. Colo nel JackC. Rob inson CrusoeD. Roxa na52. Which of the follow ing works best represe nts the n ati onal spirit of the 18 th -ce ntury En gla nd?A. Robinson CrusoeC. Jon athan Wild the GreatB. Gulliver' Travels (044) D. A Sen time ntal Journey53.Crusoe is the hero in The life and Strange Surpris ing Adve ntures of Robinson Grusoe, of York, Mariner (also known as Robinson Crusoe )by . (034)A. Jon athan SwiftB. Da niel DefoeC. George EliotD. wre nee54.All of the following novels by Daniel Defoe are the first literary works devoted to the study ofproblems of the lower-class people EXCEPT __________________ . (084)A. Robinson Crusoe C. Moll FlandersB. Captain Singleton D. Colonel Jack55. Which of the following is NOT Defoe 'work?( ) (浙0401)A. Moll Fla nders C. Silas MarnerB. Colo nel Jack D. Roxa naJon atha n Swift56. Which of the following is true about Jonathan Swift' thoughts as a representative of theenlightenment movement? ( ) (一) 11 (浙0701)A.To better huma n life, en lighte nment is unn ecessary.B.Huma n n ature is simple and n aive.C. Huma n n ature was dest ined and could n 'be cha nged.D.It 'possible to reform and improve huma n n ature and huma n in stituti ons.57.En glish literature of the 18 th cen tury produces some excelle nt satirists, among whom _________________ i sa master satirist.A. Jonathan Swift .B. Henry Fielding D. Thomas Gray58.As a master satirist, Swift 'satire is usually masked by ( ) (一) 12 (浙0710)A. outward gravity and appare nt earn est nessB. appare nt eager ness and sin cerityC. pessimism and bitter nessD. seem in gly gen tle ness and sweet ness59.1 n the book Gulliver 'Travels the hero traveled to the following places except ()(浙0810 )A. the In dia n Isla ndB. Brobd ingnagC. LilliputD. the Houyh nhnm land6O.ln which of the following works can you find the proper names Lilliput, ” Brobdingnag, ”Houyhnhnm, ” and Yahoo "”(034)A.James Joyce ' Ulsses.B.Charles Dicke ns ' Bleak House.C.Jonathan Swift ' Gulliver 'Travels.D. D. H. Lawrenee ' Women in love.61. Lilliput is ________ in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift. (浙0301)A.the n ame of the hero who made deep-sea voyagesB.an imagi nary isla nd in habited by people not more tha n six in ches highC. a minor character who accompa nied the hero duri ng his voyagesD.the cou ntry of horses en dowed with huma n in tellige nee62.Brobdingnag is an imaginary island where the inhabitants are _________ . (一)13 (浙0301)A.ten times taller and larger tha n the ord inary huma n beingsB.the horses who are hairy, wild, low and despicableC.the Yahoos who are wise and intelligentD.the small people who are only six inches tall63.The Houyh nhnms depicted by Jon atha n Swift in Gulliver's Travels are _______ .()A.horses that are en dowed with reas onB.pigmies that are en dowed with admirable qualitiesC.gia nts that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.64.The Honyhnhnm Land is an imaginary island where ___________ .(浙0501)A.horses are en dowed with reas on and all good and admirable qualities.B.yahoos are gover ning class.C.horses are hairy, wild, low and despicable brutes, who resemble human beings not only in appeara nce but alsoalmost every other way.D.yahoos are possessed of reas on.65.In the Houyh nhnm land, Gulliver found that _________ were hairy, wild, low and despicable bruteswhile _________ a re en dowed with reas on and all good and admirable qualities. (一)14A. the horses ... the YahoosB. the horses ... human beings (浙0710)C. the Yahoos ... the horsesD. the Yahoos ... huma n beings66.In ______________ of Gulliver' Travels, Jon atha n Swift satirizes the wester n civilizati on in clud ingfalse illusi ons about scie nee, philosophy, history and immortality. A . the first voyage to Lilliput小人国-利利普特,仅 6英寸高,B . the sec ondt voyage to Brobdi ngnag 巨人岛-布鲁布丁鲁那可,国王 60英尺C . the third voyage to the Flying Isla nd 飞岛一与世隔绝的世界D . the fourth voyage to Houyh nhnm land 智慧岛一马-高度智慧-圈养YAHOOS67. As a whole, ___________ isone of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all (044)B. Gulliver ' Travels (一) 15D. The School for Scandal68. Which of the followi ng is true about the book Gulliver's Travels ?( )A. It is a study of huma n n ature and life.B. It has high artistic skills in making the story an orga nic whole.C. It makes criticisms and satires of all aspects in the con temporary En glish and Europea n life.D. It is not a book of satire though it is a book of rebellion.69. The social significanee of Gulliver' Travels lies in _________________ . (浙 0210)A. the devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life.B. his artistic skill in making the story an organic wholeC. his cen tral concern of study of huma n n ature and lifeD. both B and C70. As one of the greatest masters of English prose, ________________ defined a good style as properwords in proper places ”. (084)A . Henry FieldingB . Jonathan Swift (一) 16C. Samuel JohnsonD . Alexander Pope71. Who defined a good style as proper words in proper places? ” (浙0307)A. Jon athan SwiftB. Charles Dicke nsC. Edmu nd Spen cerD. George Bern ard Shaw72. A good style of prose "proper works in proper places ” was defined by ________________ . ()A. Joh n Milt onB. He nry Fieldi ngC. Jon athan SwiftD.T.S. Eliot73. Jonathan Swift 'greatest satiric work is ______________ . A. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of the BooksC. Gulliver ' TravelsD. A Modest Proposalaspects in the the n En glish and Europea n life—socially, politically, religiously, philosophically,scientifically, and morally. A. Moll Fla nders C. Pilgrim 'Progress74.Jon atha n Swift' s ____________is gen erally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of theperiod but also in the whole En glish literary history. (一)17 (104)A. Gulliver s TravelsB. The Battle of the BooksC. A Modest Proposal ”D. A Tale of a Tub75.The best model of satire in the whole English literary history is Jonathan Swift's ______________ . (094)A. A Modest ProposalB. A Tale of a TubC. Gulliver's TravelsD. The Battle of the Books76.Jonathan Swift is a master satirist in English literature. His A Tale of a Tub is an attack on ().A. the governmentB. greed (一)18C. the churchD. the abuse of power77. __________________ is a typical feature of Swift's writings. ()A. Bitter satireB. Elegant styleC. Casual narrationD. Complicated sentence structure78.Which of the following is not Swift 'works? (浙0310)A. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of the BooksC. Gulliver 'TravelsD. Tom Jones79.Henry Fielding is mainly concerned about ___________ in his works. (浙0701)A.the miserable life of the middle-class peopleB.the ordi nary and usually ridiculous life of the com mon peopleC.the special life style of some groupsD.the real life of the upper-class people80. ______ i s gen erally con siered Fieldi ng 'masterpiece. (浙0610)A. Joseph An drewsB. Jon athan Wild the GreatC. Tom JonesD. Gulliver 'Travels82. Of all the eightee nth - cen tury no velists __________ w as the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a comic epic in prose ”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.(104)A. He nry Fieldi ng B. Da niel DefoeC. Jon atha n SwiftD. Laure nee Sterneth83.Of all the 18 century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to writespecifically a ___ in prose, "the first to give the modern novel its structureand style. A.tragic epic C.roma nee84 Of the eighteenth-century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to A. in struct the people through his writ ingB. give the moder n no vel its structure and styleC. amuse the people through his worksD. adopt the third-pers on n arrati on85. In Tom Jones , the hero Tom is _________________ in contrast with Blifil who is _______________ .(浙 0301) A. innocent and kind-hearted ... hypocritical and wicked B. hypocritical and wicked ... innocent and kindhearted C. rude and stubbor n ... cunning and speculati ng D. cunning and speculati ng ... rude and stubbor n86. An hon est, kin d-hearted you ng man, who is full of ani mal spirit and lacks prude nee, is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain knowledge of himself and fin ally to have bee n accepted both by a virtuous lady and a rich relative . (一) 20(044)The above sentence may well sum up the theme of Fielding 'work _____________________ . A. Jon athan Wild the Great B. Tom JonesC. The Coffe-House Politicia nD. Amelia87. Henry Fielding adopted __ to relate a story in his novel in which the author becomes theall- knowing God ”.(107)A. the first- pers on n arrati onB. the epistolary formC. the picaresque formD. the third -pers on n arrati on88. Henry Fielding adopted _____________ a s his way to relate the story in a novel. (浙 0601 )A. the epistolary formB. the picaresque formC. the third-pers on n arrati onD. flashback89. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel, ________________ h as beenregarded as Father of the En glish Novel ”.(047)A. He nry Fieldi ngB. Da niel DefoeC. Joh n BunyanD. James Joyce90. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel, ___________ has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel ”.(浙 0301 )A. Da niel DefoeB. He nry Fieldi ngC. Jon athan SwiftD. Samuel Richards on()ic epicD.lyric epic(浙 0210)91 . Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as _ _,for his contribution to theestablishment of the form of the modern novel. (浙0310 )92. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_ for his contribution to the establishment of theform of the modern ________ . (浙 0810)(浙 0210 )(浙 0510 )A. Father of En glish Poetry...poetryB. Father of En glish Novel... novelC. Father of Moder n En glish Poetry...poetryD. Father of Modern En glish Novel... novelIII. Questi ons and An swers (24 points in all, 6 for each )45. List at least two leading neoclassicists in England. What did Neoclassicists celebrate in literary creation? (094) |(一) 4845. A. Alexa nder Pope, Joh n Dryde n, Samuel Joh nson.B. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. They seek proporti on, uni ty, harm ony and grace in literary expressi ons, in an effort to delight, in struct and correct huma n bein gs. Thus a polite, elega nt, witty, and in tellectual art developed.IV. Topic Discussi on (20 points in all, 10 for each )49 . Daniel Defoe ' novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protag onist of the no vel, as an embodime nt of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England.(084 )1. Give a brief comment on the hero in The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.(浙 0810)1. A. Fieldi ng has bee n regarded as Father of the En glish no vel ”,for his con tributi onto the establishment of the form of the modern novel.B. Of all the eightee nth-ce ntury no velists Field ing was the first to set out, both in theory andpractice, to write specifically a comic epic in prose, ” the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.C. Before him, the relating go a story in a novel was either in the epistolary form (a series ofletters ), as in Richards on ' Pamela , or the picaresque form (adve nturous wan der ings ) through the mouth of the pr in cipal character, as in Defoe' Robinson Crusoe , but Field ingadopted the third-person narration, ” in which the author becomes the all-knowing God. f D. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but atthe same time keeps faithful to his realistic prese ntati on of com mon life as it is.A . Father of the English NovelC . Father of the English Drama B. Father of the English Poetry D. Father of the English Short Story。
(完整word)英美文学选读作品及作家一览表
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英美文学选读作品及作家一览表英国作家文学作品Chapter I 文艺复兴时期I。
Edmund SpenserEpithalamion 贺新婚曲The Faerie Queene 仙后选文为The Faerie QueeneII.Christopher MarloweTamburlaine 铁木耳传Dr. Faustus 浮士德悲剧The Jew of Malta 马乐他岛的犹太人Edward II 爱德华二世Hero and Leander 海洛与勒安德尔选文为Dr。
Faustus ; The Passionate Shepherd to His LoveIII。
William ShakespeareRape of Lucrece 鲁克斯受辱记Venus and Adonis 维纳斯与安东尼斯Titus Andronicus 泰托斯安东尼The Comedy of Errors 错误的喜剧The Two Gentlemen of Veroma 维洛那二绅士The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍记Love’s Labour’s L ost 爱的徒劳Richard II 理查二世King John 约翰王Henry IV, Parts I and II, Henry VSix Comedies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人Much Ado About Nothing 无事无非As You Like It 皆大欢喜Twelfth Night 第十二夜The Merry Wise of Windsor 温莎的风流娘儿们Two Tragedies:Romeo and Juliet 罗米欧与朱丽叶Julius Caesar 凯撒HamletOthelloKing LearMacbethAntony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克里佩特拉Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus 特洛伊勒斯与克利西达All' Well That Ends Well (comedy)终成成眷属Measure for Measure (comedy) 一报还一报Pericles 伯里克利Cymbeline 辛白林The Winter’s Tale 冬天的故事The Tempest 暴风雨Henry VIIIThe Two Noble Kinsmen两位贵族亲戚选文为Sonnet 18; The Merchant of Venice; HamletIV. Francis BaconThe Advancement of Learning 论科学的价值与发展Novum Organum 新工具Apophthagmes New and Old 新旧格言录The History of the Reign of Henry VIIThe New Atlantis 新大西岛Maxims of Law 法律原理The Learning Reading upon the Statute of Uses法令使用读书选文Of StudiesV. John DonneThe Elegies and Satires 挽歌与十四行诗The Songs and Sonnets 歌谣与十四行诗Holy Sonnets 圣十四行诗A Hymns to God the Father 给圣父的赞美诗选文The Rising Sun; Death Be Not ProudVI. John MiltonParadise Lost 失乐园Paradise Regain 复乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙Lycidas 利西达斯Areopagitica 论出版自由Chapter II 新古典主义时期I. John BunyanThe Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners 罪人头目的赫免The Life and Death of Mr. Badman 拜德门先生生死录The Holy War 圣战选文The Vanity Fair (from the The Pilgrim’s Progress)II. Alexander PopeThe Dunciad 群愚史诗An Essay on Criticism 论批评The Rape of the Lock 夺发记选文An Essay on CriticismIII. Daniel DefoeRobinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记Captain Singleton 辛立顿船长Moll Flanders 莫尔弗兰德斯Colonel Jack 杰克上校A Journal of the Plague Year 灾疫之年的日记Roxana 罗克萨那选文Robinson CrusoeIV。
自考《英美文学选读》(英)维多利亚时期(3)-1
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自考《英美文学选读》(英)维多利亚时期(3)-1III. Alfred Tennyson1.一般识记His Life & Literary CareerAlfred Tennyson (1809-1892) is certainly the most representative Victorian poet. His poetry voices the doubt & the faith,the grief & the joy of the English people in an age of fast social changes.He was born at Somersby,Linconshire,the fourth son of a rather learned clergyman. In 1827,he & his elder brother published Poems by Two Brothers. In this juvenile work the influence of Byron & an attraction to oriental themes were shown. He was educated at the Trinity College,Cambridge & published his first signed work Poems,Chiefly Lyrical (1830) there. In 1832,one year after he left Cambridge,he published Poems,which contained a variety of poems,beautiful in melody & rich in imagery. In 1842,his next issue of Poems came out,collected in the book are the dramatic monologue “Ulysses”,the epic narrative “ Morte d’’Arthur,” the exquisite idylls “Dora” & “ The Gardener’’s Daughter,” etc. In 1847,The Princess was published. Written in blank verse,it deals with the theme of women’’s rights & position. In 1850,Tennyson was appointed the Poet Laureate & he published his greatest work In Memoriam. The rest years of Tennyson’’s life was comfortable & peaceful,but he never stopped writing. In 1855,Tennyson published a monodrama Maud,a collection of short lyrics. Among the other works of his later period,“Rizpah,” “Enoch Arden,” “ Merlin & the Gleam” & “ Crossing the Bar” are worthy of note.2.识记His major poetic works & their theme1) In MemoriamPresumably it is an elegy on the death of Hallam,yet less than half of its l00 pieces are directly connected with him. The poet here does not merely dwell on the personal bereavement. As a poetic diary,the poem is al so an elaborate & powerful expression of the poet’’s philosophical & religious thoughts - his doubts about the meaning of life,the existence of the soul & the afterlife,& his faith in the power of love & the soul’’s instinct & immortality. Such doubts & beliefs were shared by most people in an age when the old Christian belief was challenged by new scientific discoveries,though to most readers today,the real attraction of the poem lies more in its profound feeling & artistic beauty than in the philosophical & religious reflections. The familiar trance-like experience,mellifluous rhythm & pictorial descriptions make it one of the best elegies in English literature.2) Idylls of the Kin g (1842-1885)It is his most ambitious work which took him over 30 years to complete. It is made up of 12 books of narrative poems,based on the Celtic legends of King Arthur & his Knights of the Round Table. But it is not a mere reproduction of the old legend,though. It is a modern interpretation of the classic myth. For one thing,the moral standards & sentiments reflected in the poem belong to the Victorians rather than to the medieval royal people. For another,the story of the rise & fall of King Arthur is,in fact,meant to represent a cyclic history of western civilization,which ,in Tennyson’’s mind ,is going on a spiritual decline & will end in destruction.3.领会Artistic Features of His PoetryTennyson is a real artist. He has the natural power of linking visual pictures with musicalexpressions,& these two with the feelings. He has perfect control of the sound of English,& a sensitive ear,an excellent choice & taste of words. His poetry is rich in poetic images & melodious language,& noted for its lyrical beauty & metrical charm. His works are not only the products of the creative imagination of a poetic genius but also products of a long & rich English heritage. His wonderful works manifest all the qualities of England’’s great poets. The dreamines s of Spenser,the majesty of Milton,the natural simplicity of Wordsworth,the fantasy of Blake & Coleridge,the melody of Keats & Shelley,& the narrative vigor of Scott & Byron,—— all these striking qualities are evident on successive pages of Tennyson’’s poetry.4. 应用Selected Readings(1) BreakThis short lyric is written in memory of Tennyson’’s best friend,Arthur Hallam,whose death has a lifelong influence on the poet. Here,the poet’’s own feelings of sadness are contrasted with the carefree,innocent joys of the children & the unfeeling movement of the ship & the sea waves. The beauty of the lyric is to be found in the musical language & in the association of sound & images with feelings & emotions. The poem contains 4 quatrains,with combined iambic & anapaestic feet. Most lines have three feet & some four. The rhyme scheme isa b c b.(2) Crossing the BarThis poem was written in the later years of Tennyson’’s life. Although not the last poem written by Tennyson in his long creative career,this poem appears,at his request,as the final poem in all collections of his works. The scene is sketched with a few strokes:sunset & the evening star,the twilight and the evening bell,& then the dark. The ship is ready to go out of the harbor. It will cross the bar & reach the vast open sea for the long voyage that it is to make. The allegory of the poem is clear. Tennyson is in the evening of life,& the “clear call” of death will come soon. But when he has crossed the border between life & death to go on that voyage beyond the bound of Time & Place,he hopes then to see his “Pilot,” God,face to face. From the moving imagery & the pleasant sound of the poem,we can feel his fearlessness towards death,his faith in God & an afterlife.。
AmericanLiterature《英美文学选读》(美国文学部分)
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AmericanLiterature《英美文学选读》(美国文学部分)American LiteratureChapter one : The romantic periodI. Emerson’s transcendentalism and his attitude toward nature:1.Transcendentalism—it is a philosophic and literary movement that flourish in New England, as a reaction against rationalism and Calvinism. It stressed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind.2. Emerson’s transcendentali sm:The over-soul—it is an all-pervading power goodness, from which all things come and of which all are a part. It is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings and a religion. It is a communication between an individual soul and the universal over-soul. And he strongly believe in the divinity and infinity of man as an individual, so man can totally rely on himself.3.His toward nature:Emerson loves nature. His nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God’s presence. It exercise a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. Children can see nature better than adult.II. Hawthorne’s Puritanism and his black vision of man:1. Puritanism—it is the religious belief of the Puristans, who had intended to purify and simplify the religious ritual of the church of England.2. his black vision of man—by the Calvinistic concept of original sin, he believed that human being are evil natured andsinful, and this sin is ever present in human heart and will pass one generation to another.3. Young Goodman Brown—it shows that everyone has some evil secrets. The innocent and na?ve Brown is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and then he becomes distrustful and doubtful. Brown stands for everyone ,who is born pure and has no contact with the real world ,and the prominent people of the village and church. They cover their secrets during daily lives, and under some circumstances such as the wit ch’s Sabbath, they become what they are. Even his closed wife, Faith, is no exception. So Brown is aged in that night.IV. Whitman and his Leaves of Grass :1. Theme: sing of the “en-mass”and the self / pursuit of love, happiness, and ***ual love / sometimes about politics (Drum taps)2. Whitman’s originality first in his use of the poetic form free verse (i.e. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme),by means of which he becomes conversational and casual.3.He uses the first person pronoun “I”t o stress individualism, and oral language to acquire sympathy from the common reader.III. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser:1. Theme: The author invented the success of Carrie and the downfall of Hurstwood out of an inevitable and natural judgment, because the fittest can survive in a competitive, amoral society according to the social Darwinism.2. The character analysis of Carrie: She follows the right direction to a pursuit of the American dream, and the circumstances and her desire for a better life direct to thesuccessful goal. But she is not contented, because with wealth and fame, she still finds herself lonely. She is a product of the society, a realization of the theory of the survival of the fittest.3. The character analysis of Hurstwood: He is a negative evidence of the theory of the survival of the fittest. Because he is still conventional and can not throw away the social morals, he is not fitted to live in New York.III. F. Scott Fitzgerald and his The Great Gatsby1. Theme: Gatsby is American Everyman. His extraordinary energy and wealth make him pursue the dream. His death in the end points at the truth about the withering of the American Dream. The spiritual and moral sterility that has resulted from the withered American Dream is fully revealed in the article. However, although he is defeated, the dream has gave Gatsby a dignity and a set of qualities. His hope and belief in the promise of future makes him the embodiment of the values of the incorruptible American Dream .2. The character analysis of Gatsby: Gatsby is great, because he is dignified and ennobled by his dream and his mythic vision of life. He has the desire to repeat the past, the desire for money, and the desire for incarnation of unutterable vision on this material earth. For Gatsby, Daisy is the soul of his dreams. He believe he can regain Daisy and romantically rebels of time. Although he has the wealth that can match with the leisured class, he does not have their manners. His tragedy lies in his possession of a naive sense and chivalry.IV. Ernest Hemingway’s artistic features:1. The Hemingway code heroes and grace under pressure:They have seen the cold world ,and for one cause, they boldly and courageously face the reality. They has an indestructiblespirit for his optimistic view of life. Whatever is the result is, the are ready to live with grace under pressure. No matter how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. Finally, they will be prevail because of their indestructible spirit and courage.2. The iceberg technique:Hemingway believe that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. The one-eighth the is presented will suggest all other meaningful dimensions of the story. Thus, Hemingway’s lang uage is symbolic and suggestive.V. The character analysis of Emily in A Rose for Emily:Emily is a symbol of old values, standing for tradition, duty and past glory. But she is also a victim to all those she cares and embrace. The source of Emily’s strang eness is from her born pride and self-esteem, the domineering behavior of her father and the betrayal of her lover. Barricaded in her house, she has frozen the past to protect her dreams. Her life is tragic because the defiance of the community, her refusal to accept the change and her extreme pride have pushed her to abnormality and insanity.。
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Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period一、单项选择题1.In Elegy Written in a country Churchyard, Thojmas Gray reveals his sympathy for ----, but mocks the great ones who despise them and bring havoc on them.A the poor and the unknownB the middle classC the proletariatD the landlords2.“surface”, “Sneerwell,” “backbite,” “Candour” are most likely the names of the characters in ---A Shaw’s Mrs Warren’s ProfessionB Sheridan’s The School for ScandalC Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s L ostD Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus3.In the theatrical world of the neoclassical period, ----- was the leading figure among the host of playwrights.A William BlakeB Richard Brinsley SheridanC Ben JohnsonD George Bernard Shaw4.“To be so distin guished is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.”A ironicB jealousC delightfulD humorous5.Samuel Johnson was the ----- great neolassicist enlighterer in the later 18th century.A lastB onlyC firstD all the above are wrong6.Which of the following novels is not written by Henry Fielding?A Jonathan WildB Moll FlandersC Joseph AndrewsD Tom Jones7.In the following writings by henry Fielding, whi ch brings him the name of the “prose Homer”?A the Coffee-House PoliticianB The Tragedy of TragediesC the History of Tom Jones, a Foundling.D The History of Amelia8.Of all the18th century novelists,----was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in prose”, and the first to give themodern novel is structure and style.A Daniel DefoeB Samuel JohnsonC Oliver GoldsmithD Henry fielding9.The most important representative work by Jonathan Swift is ----A a Tale of a TubB the Battle of the BooksC A Modest ProposalD Gulliver’s Traves10.----- is a typical feature of Swift’s writing?A Elegant styleB Casual narrationC Bitter satireD Complicated sentence structure11.The following comments on Daniel Defoe are except -----A Robinson Crusoe is his first novelB Robinson Crusoe is universally considered his masterpieceC he was a member of the upper classD in his novels, his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor is shown.12.Daniel Defoe describes ---- as a typical english middle-class man of the 18th century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.A Robinson CrusoeB Moll FlandersC GulliverD Tom Jones13.The Dancial is generally considered to be pope’s best ---- workA praisingB satiricC FabulousD allegorical14.Alexander Pope strongly advocated----, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic , restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A idealismB neoclassicismC romanticismD sentimentalism15.-----, written in heroic couplet by ppe, is considered manifesto of English neoclassism.A an Essay of dramatic poetryB An Essay on CriticismC The advancing of LearningD an Essay on freedom16.Among the representatives of the enlightenment, who was the first to introduce rationalism to England?A John BunyanB Daniel DefoeC Alexander PopeD Jonathan Swift17.The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the result for -----A self—fulfillmentB spiritual salvationC material wealthD universal truth18.----is the most successful religious allegory in the english language.A the Pilgrim’s progressB Grace Abounding to the Chief of SinnersC The life and Death of Mr.BadmanD The Holy War19.The 18th century England is known as the ---- in the history.A RomanticismB ClassicismC renaissanceD enlightenment20.---- compiled the “the dictionary of the English language,” the first English dictionary compiled by and English man.A Ben JonsonB Samuel JohnsonC Alexander popeD john Dryden21.Which are not Pope’s works?A an essay on criticismB an essay on manC the rape of the lockD an essay of dramatic poesy22.---- was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century.A goldsmithB SheridanC SterneD Fielding23.Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare?A the school for scandalB she stoops to conquerC the rivalsD the conscious lover24.Among the pioneers of the 18th century novelists were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry fielding and ----.A W D HowellsB Alexander PopeC H .JamesD E.E. Cummings二、综合题1.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.Some to conceit alone their taste confine,And glittering thoughts struck out at every line;Pleased with a work where nothing’s just or fit,One glaring chaos and wild heap of wit,Poets, like painters, thus unskilled to traceThe naked nature and the living grace,With gold and jewels cover every part,And hide with ornaments their want of art.True wit is nature to advantage dressed,What oft was thought, but ne’er so well expressed;Questions:A Who is the author of this poem? What is the title from which these lines are taken?B What idea does the poem express?C What is the great significance of the poem?2.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.My gentleness and good behaviour had gained so far on the emperor and his court, and indeed upon the army and people in general, that I began to conceive hopes of getting my liberty in a short tiem. I took all possible methods to cultivate this favorable disposition.Question:A identify the title and the author.B briefly interprets this passage.3.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.let not ambition mock their useful toil,their homely joys. And destiny obscure;Nor grandeur hear with a disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.Question:A identify the title and the author.B what’s the meani ng of this passage?4.Question and answers:What is “neoclassicism”?5.Question and answers:“Robinson Crusoe” is univerally considered as Daniel Defoe’s masterpiece. Discuss why it became so successful when it was published?6.Question and answers:Wha t is the symbolic meaning of the “Vanity fair” in Bunyan’s “the Pilgrim’s Progress”?7.Question and answers:What is the implication of the title of the play “School for Scandal”?8.Topic discussion:Enlightenment movement答案部分一、单项选择题1.【正确答案】 A【正确答案】 B 3.【正确答案】 B 4.【正确答案】 A 5.【正确答案】 A 6.【正确答案】 B 7.【正确答案】 C 8.【正确答案】 D 9.【正确答案】 D 10.【正确答案】 C 11.【正确答案】 C 12.【正确答案】 A 13.【正确答案】 B 14.【正确答案】 B 15.【正确答案】 B 16.【正确答案】 C 17.【正确答案】 B 18.【正确答案】 A 19.【正确答案】 D 20.【正确答案】 B 21.【正确答案】 D 22.【正确答案】 B 23.【正确答案】 A【正确答案】 B二、综合题1.【正确答案】 A An Essay o n criticism by Alexander Pope.B Here Pope advises the critics not to stress too much the artificial use of conceit or the external beauty of language but to pay special attention to true wit.C the poem, as a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism, exerted great influence upon Pope’s contemporary writers in advocating the classical rules and popularizing the neoclassicist tradition in England.2.【正确答案】 A Jonathan Swift: Gull iver’s Travels.B my good manner and deeds had made such a good impression on the emperor and his subjects thatI began to hope that I could be set free soon. I tried my best to develop my good image.3.【正确答案】 A Thomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard.B ambitious people should not mock the poor people’s labour and their humble life, important people should not laugh at the short history of the poor.4.【正确答案】 With the introduction of the enlightenment movement into England, a revival of interest in the old classical works was in full swing. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicist, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and roman writers and those of the contemporary french ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.5.【正确答案】 A Robinson Crusoe is supposedly based on the real adventure of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone on the uninhabited island for five years; actually, the story is an imagination.B in Robinson Cruse, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.C in the novel, Robinson is a real hero and he is an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-18th century England.D Robinson Crusoe is an adventure story very much in the spirit of the tiem. Because of the abover reasons, when it was published ,people all liked that story, and it became an immediate success.6.【正确答案】“Vanity Fair” sells all knds of merchandise such as houses, lan ds, honors, titles, lusts, pleasures. It symbolizes the society where everything becomes goods and can be bought by money.7.【正确答案】The title “School for Scandal” is a satiric term. The society of the rich people was a school in which they were learning t o create and spread scandals to ruin others’ reputations.8.【正确答案】 Enlightenment movement was a progressive intellectual movement, which flourishedin France and swept through the whole Western Europe. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from the 14th century to the mid-17th century, the purpose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world with the ligth of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.It celebrated reason of rationality, equality and science, it advocated universal education. Literature at the time became a vey popular means of public education.。