最新英语词汇学及答案

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英语词汇学英语词汇学习题1及答案

试题一第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Generalization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenicpounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to thecourse book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（） l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing（） D.Swedish25.linguistic（） prehend/understand26.ambiguity（） F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.参考答案Ⅰ.(3%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversative prefix38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection（re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）.2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）。

(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案

试题三第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. VocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16._________________ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________ has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of context clues; 2) typesof word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner试题参考答案Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。

词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。

A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。

A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。

A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。

A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。

A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。

A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。

A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。

A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。

答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。

答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。

答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试历年真题摘选附带答案

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】“Woman” becomes “ Frau” in German, “femme” in French and “f ùnǔ” in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______ .A. soundsB.formsC.unitiesD.meanings2.【单选题】It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.A.allocateB.adoptC.applyD.adjust3.【单选题】What he told us was more of a(n) ________ than a reality.A.illusionB.demonstrationC.illustrationD.reputation4.【单选题】Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______.A. spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionD.syntactical rules5.【单选题】Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called ______.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homonyms6.【单选题】In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______in which it occurs.A.structureB.sentenceC.phraseD.clause7.【单选题】A mong the following words, “ ______ ” does NOT have inflectional affixes.A. likedB.children’sC.happierD.it’s8.【单选题】He insured his car ________ he had an accident.A. unlessB.ifC.sinceD.in case9.【单选题】Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary ’ , 3rd Edition (1980), is among the best-known British ______ dictionaries.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.bilingual10.【单选题】Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has some unique features such as definition, extra column and ______.A. pronunciationB.grammar codesage examplesnguage codes11.【单选题】Modern economics ________ the country ’s agricultural policies.A.undergoesB.understandsC.underliesD.undertakes12.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?A.Cultural reason.B.Historical reasonC.Class reasonD.Psychological reason13.【单选题】Happiness doesn ’t alway s _______ money.A.go throughB.go in forC.go withD.go over14.【单选题】“ Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc. ” make up the ______ of “ fruit ”.A.synonymsB.homonymsC.superordinate termD.semantic field15.【单选题】—David has made great progress recently. — _______，and _______.A.So he has；so you haveB.So he has；so have youC.So he has；so do youD.So has he；so you have16.【单选题】One can figure out the meaning of “ airmail ” to be “ mail by air ” by its ______.A.onomatopoeic motivationB.morphological motivationC.semantic motivationD.etymological motivation17.【单选题】From the viewpoint of word formation, the word “ smog” is a ______.poundB.conversionC.clippingD.blending18.【单选题】Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listener ’ s attitude towards the person or thing in questionD.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.19.【单选题】The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______ .A.EuropeB.the Far EastC.IndiaD.the Near East20.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?A.DefinitionB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy.第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】We cannot leave this tough job to a person ________.A.who nobody has confidenceB.in whom nobody has confidenceC.for whom nobody has confidenceD.who everyone has confidence of2.【单选题】How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words? cats boss work improper triedA.1B.2C.3D.43.【单选题】It has been years ________ I returned home.A.afterB.thatC.sinceD.when4.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?A.The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.B.The constituents of idioms can eplaced. ’ t be rC.The word order in an idiom can ’ t be changed.D.An idiom functions as one word.5.【单选题】Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A. looking upB.looking throughC.looking intoD.looking on6.【单选题】______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.A.DegradationB.ElevationC.ExtensionD.Specilization7.【单选题】Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences.A.verbB.adjectiveC.prepositionD.noun8.【单选题】Among the following words, “ ______ ” contains a negative prefix.A.amoralB.de-composeC.antiwarD.foretell9.【单选题】The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______ .A.fireB.hotC.photoscanningD.sister10.【单选题】Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?A.NorthwardB.WidenC.HappyD.Worker.11.【单选题】The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.A.stretchB.extendC.expandD.prolong12.【单选题】Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A.pushB.provideC.turnD.set13.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary?A.The rapid development of modern science and technology.B.Social, economic and political changesC.The invasion of foreign countries.D.The influence of other cultures and languages.14.【单选题】Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?A.BazaarB.KowtowC.RajahD.Blitzkrieg15.【单选题】The word “minister” originally meant “a servant”, but now has changed to“a head of a ministry ”. This process of meaning change is called ______ .A.extensionB.elevationC.degradationD.specialization16.【单选题】We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. datedB.datingingD.kept17.【单选题】If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get ________.A. concentratedB.confusedC.confirmedD.convinced18.【单选题】Which of the following is partially converted?A. A whiteB.A drunkC.The poorD.Finals19.【单选题】We are interested in the weather because it _______ us so directly—what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.A.benefitsB.affectsC.guidesD.effects20.【单选题】A good worker in a key spot could, so _______ as he kept up production, take all the coffee breaks he wanted.A.longB.shortC.muchD.little第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：D本题解析：A 分配，拨出B 收养，过C 应用，申请D 调整，使适合3.正确答案：A本题解析：他告诉我们的更可能是幻想而不是现实。

新编英语词汇学参考答案

新编英语词汇学参考答案一、选择题1. A. 词汇量是指一个人掌握的词汇数量。

2. B. 词汇的语义场是指词汇在语义上的分类。

3. C. 词汇的形态变化包括派生、合成和转换。

4. D. 词汇的习得是指通过学习掌握新词汇的过程。

5. E. 词汇的语义关系包括同义、反义、上下位等关系。

二、填空题6. 词汇的派生是指通过添加词缀来形成新词。

7. 词汇的合成是指将两个或多个词汇组合成新词。

8. 词汇的转换是指词汇在不同词性间的转换。

9. 词汇的习得可以通过阅读、听力、口语和写作等多种方式。

10. 词汇的语义关系有助于理解词汇的含义和使用。

三、简答题11. 词汇的习得对语言学习者的重要性是什么？词汇的习得对语言学习者至关重要，因为词汇是语言的基本构成单位。

掌握足够的词汇量有助于提高语言理解能力、表达能力和沟通效率。

此外，词汇习得还有助于学习者更好地理解语言的文化内涵和使用习惯。

12. 词汇的形态变化有哪些类型？词汇的形态变化主要包括三种类型：派生、合成和转换。

派生是通过添加词缀来形成新词；合成是将两个或多个词汇组合成新词；转换是词汇在不同词性间的转换，例如名词转动词。

13. 词汇的语义场是如何帮助我们理解和使用词汇的？词汇的语义场通过将词汇按照语义关系进行分类，帮助我们更好地理解和记忆词汇。

例如，通过了解“家具”这一语义场，我们可以快速记忆和使用与家具相关的词汇，如“桌子”、“椅子”、“床”等。

四、论述题14. 论述词汇习得策略在语言教学中的作用。

词汇习得策略在语言教学中起着至关重要的作用。

首先，有效的词汇习得策略可以帮助学习者扩大词汇量，提高语言运用能力。

其次，通过教授不同的词汇习得策略，教师可以激发学生的学习兴趣，使他们更加主动地参与到语言学习中。

此外，词汇习得策略还可以帮助学习者更好地理解词汇的语义和用法，从而提高语言的准确性和流畅性。

15. 分析词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达的影响。

词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达具有重要影响。

现代英语词汇学课后答案

Chapter11.What is the definition of a word?A word may be defined as a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form,with a unit of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function.ment on the connection between sound of meaning.There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. “woman” means “Frau”in German, “Femme” in French and “Funv” in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound /rait/ can mean right, rite and write, though denoting different things, yet have the same sound.3.What is the difference between meaning and concept?A concept is the base of the meaning of a word. A word is used to label a concept.It acts as the symbol for that concept, usually referring to something in general, but not something in particular. When someone says “chair” to you, and you know it because you have the concept of chair in mind which shows the characteristics shared by all the objects you call chair. While the meaning of word referring two aspects: denotation and connotation. Denotation is the process by which the word refers to the referent like a “dog” is “canine quadruped”. And connotation refers to the emotional aspect of a word. In this way, “dog” is “friend, helper” etc.4.Analyze the following lexical groups and state through what languages they cameinto English.cake, knife, crop, egg, ill, husband Danishhonour, court, chivalry, heritage, literature, architecture Frenchcarouse, plunder, zinc dock, quarts, cobalt Germangenius, stratum, inertia, memorandum, formula, area Latinpedestal, cornice, cupola, sonata, fresco, colonnade Italianplaza, mulatto, embargo, armada, galleon, anchovy Spanishsultan, roc, yashmak, ghoul, harem, sheikh Arabicsampan, liche, ketchup, kaolin, loquat, typhoon Chinesesteppe, troika, commissar, intelligentsia, pogrom, czar Russiangeometry, gymnastics, tragedy, philology, prologue, myth GreekChapter21.Explain the following terms:morpheme: The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into small forms. 1: nation; 2: national; 3: nationalize allomorph: an allomorph is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. e.g. the allomorphs –ion/tion/sion/ation are the positional variants of the same suffix; the inflectional morpheme –s has a number of allomorphs in different sound context like /s/ in books, /z/ in dogs, /iz/ in horses bound morpheme:The morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words. They are usually found in derived words.e.g. recollection (re+collect+ion), collect is free morpheme and re- and –ion arebound morphemesfree morpheme: the morphemes have complete meaning and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. e.g. cat, walktransparent words: words that consist of more than one morphemes and can be segmented into parts are called transparent words. e.g. workable (work-able), salesman (sales+man)opaque words: words that are formed by one content morpheme only and cannpt be analyzed into parts are called opaque words. e.g. glove, hand2.Explain the meanings of the prefixes in the following wordsa stir, -- in motion; in excited activitya whir, -- whirring(a-acting as a role of participle as a predictive)anti-Marketeer, -- an opponent of Great Britain’s entry into the European Common Marketanti-theatre, -- the theatre that lacks most of the traditional features of the theatre (oppose to something or an action/have no features of traditional things)de plane, -- get out of an airplane after it landsde nationalize, -- deprive…of national rights or status(de- to remove/to leave)dis ambiguate, -- rid… of ambiguitydis adapt, -- make … unable to adapt(dis- remove/on the contrary of something)eco cide, -- the destruction of the earth’s ecology through the uncontrolled use of pollutantseco catastrophe, -- a catastrophe resulting from the uncontrolled use of pollutants (eco- something or action related to ecology)meg ajet, -- a jet airplane larger and faster than a jumbo jet (a jet airplane with a passenger capacity of about 500 people and a freight capacity of about 200 tons) (meg- large, great)mini-budget, -- temporary budget(mini- miniature or minor)non-committed, -- not revealing one’s positionnon novel, -- lacking the usual characteristics of a conventional novel(non-not/lack of convention/sham)out smart, -- overcome by cunning or smartnessout headline, -- outshine…by making the headlines(out- outside/outward/better, greater, more than)super secret, -- top-secretsuper tax – an additional tax(super- above, over, beyond)3.Explain the meanngs of the suffixes in the following wordscine rama, -- a form of cinema film projected on a wide-curved screencircus ama, -- a large-scale show of acrobats, trained animal, clowns(-rama/ama – panorama/large-scale)merito crat – a member of a ruling class in society consisting of those who are most talented or have the highest intellectEuro crat– a staff member of the administrative commission of the European Common Market(-crat – participant/supporter)interview ee – a person who is interviewedconfer ee – a person who participates in a conferenceescap ee – a person who has escapedblackmail ee – a person who is blackmailed(-ee – initiator/the recipient of an action)racket eer – a person who obtains money illegallyrocket eer – an expert in roketrymarket eer – a person employed in marketing(-eer – one who operates, deals with something)second-guess er – a person who uses hindsight in criticizing or advising someone topsid er – a top-ranking person(-er – a person related to something/some action)anchorman ese – a style of language or diction used by an anchormanengineer ese – the sublanguage used by engineers and techniciansJohnson ese – a style of language used by Johnsoncabl ese -- a style of language peculiar to a telegram(-ese – belonging to/originating in)smok eteria – a cigarette, cigar and pipe storeroad ete r ia – roadside restaurant(-eteria – low-end/manage on a small scale)Chomsk ian – Chomsky’sWoolf ian – a style of language used by Virginia Woolf(-ian – belonging to/relating to; typical of/resembling)hawk ish -- warlikenarrow ish – somewhat narrow(-ish – like/relating to)consumer ism– an economic policy that emphasizes consumption, the theory or practice of protecting consumer’s interestsnuclear ism – emphasis on nuclear weapons as a deterrent to war or as a means of attaining political and social goals(-ism means doctrine or point of view)golf itis – addiction to or preoccupation with golfprofessor itis – obsession with the idea of becoming a professor(-itis – excessively obsessed with something)beat nik – one of the Beat Generationprotest nik – a person who protests against conventions and traditional values(-nik means a person who does or is connected with something)dope ster – a person who analyses or predicts trends as in politics or sportshuck ster – a person who is engaged in advertising, esp. for radio and television (-ster – a person who…)figure wise – in terms of figuresweather wise – in terms of weather, skilled in predicting weather(-wise – in terms of)4.make a semantic analysis of the relationship between noun attributes and the wordsthey qualifyanxiety neurosis—neurosis caused by anxietysoap suds—suds produced by soapmosquito net—net used for protection against mosquitoesfire squad—squad which prevents the spread of a firefertility site—site which induces fertilityinfluenza virus—virus which causes influenzabattle fatigue—fatigue caused by a battlebrick mason—a person who lays brick or stoneguest conductor—conductor who appears or performs on a program by special invitationinterceptor plane—a fast-climbing military airplane used in fighting off attacks by enemy planesejector seat—a seat designed to be ejected with its occupant from an airplane in an emergency, another expression for ejection seatdonor blood—donor’s bloodvoter enthusiasm—voters’ enthusiasmsurface vessel—vessel which moves on the surfacerecovery helicopter—helicopter used for getting back astronauts who have splashed downinvestment money—money set apart for investmentrejection slip—a form or note from a publisher, rejecting a work submitted for possible publicationexport reject—something that has been rejected by export standards5.paraphrase the underlined words in the following sentences1)Italian newspapers attack earthquake relief organization.=organization of relief work2)Britain is helping with a feasibility study for rice growing.=a study to determine the feasibility of a project or program3)Eight men were accused of gifts conspiracy.=the act of working together secretly to use gifts as bribes4)If the journals are not approved, the distribution of all future issues will be heldup for inspection by the smut hounds.=censors with eyes for porns6.Explain the term “conversion”. Pick out examples of conversion in the sentencesbelow to illustrate your explanation.Conversion: Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. These words are new only in a grammatical sense. The most productive is between nouns and verbs.1)So she believed me and doctored my battered face, pleased that she could beuseful.=applied medicine to2)The train was telescoped as a result of the collision=became shorter by crushing with one part sliding over another3)We cannot mandate a solution to inflation.=work out a solution by issuing an authoritative order4) A team of experts at Columbia is now cataloguing the tapes and indexing thetranscripts, which will be available for scholarly research.=making a catalogue of=making and index of5)There will be a repeat of this programme next week.=a rebroadcast6)Heart transplants began ten years ago. Why have British doctors done only foursince then?=instances of transplanting7)In his choice of diction he has a taste for the quaint and the picturesque.=something quaint=something picturesque8)The correspondent tried to get an interview with the condemned.=the person who has been convicted9)…he preferred moderns like Miro and Klee.=modern painters10)John has taken on some heavies before.=big shots11)The television drearies the ball game.=makes dreary12)The President was sketchiest in broad-brushing his goals in foreign policy.=describing in broad outlinement on the formation of the words given belowback formation—a process of word-formation by which a word is created by the deletion of a supposed affix. It is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.donate←donation; helicopt←helicopter; automate←automation;spring-clean←spring-cleaning; pettifog←pettifogger; sight-read←sight-reading;enthuse←enthusiasm; chain-react←chain reaction8.Explain the formation of the following blends and translate them into Chineseblending—the word formation by combing parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.slurb: slum+suburb 城郊贫民区educrat: education+bureaucrat 教育机构的官员或代表Airveyor: air+conveyor 气压输送器Glideriter: glide+writer 滑写笔programmatic: program+automatic 能自动安排程序和计划的narcoma: narcotic+coma 用麻醉剂引起的昏睡slumlord: slum+landlord 贫民区房地产主slurch: slink+lurch 鬼鬼祟祟地徘徊reprography: reproduction+photography 原稿影印本mascon: mass+concentration 质量密集，指月球表面下层高密度物质的集中glassphalt: glass+asphalt 作铺路用的玻璃颗粒物peekture: peek+picture 色情影片9.Write out in full the following shortened wordsEEC=European Economic CommunityOPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesSLAM=supersonic low altitude missile; strategic low altitude mssileEDV AC=electronic discrete variable automatic computerGEM=ground effect machineNSC=National Security CouncilERDA=Energy Research and Development Administrationdyno=dynamic; aggro=aggressiveness; chute=parachute; pro=professional;memo=memorandum; fridge=refrigerator; narc=narcotic agent or detective;frag: fragmentation grenade; frat=fraternity10.Pick out all the shortenings from the following sentences and explain them inChinese1)Several super chains have the same headache problems. (supermarket 超级市场)2)Overall, I think the Feds have done a good job. (Federal Agencies 美国各联邦机构)3)The announcement that Vance was going to State was greeted with delight bysenior officials in the department. (the State Department 美国国务院)4)They resisted Defense contracts. (the Defense Department 美国国防部)5)It is the current Administration that has brought Ervin into full bloom as aliberation leader on the Hill. (Capitol Hill 美国国会)6)“All the resorts are controlled from Washington. The Penta—You know,” hewhispered. (the Pentagon 美国五角大楼，指美国国防部的办公大楼，泛指美国国防部)Chapter31.What does onomatopoeic motivation mean? Does it contradict the statement thatthere is no natural connection between sound and meaning?Onomatopoeic motivation means defining the principle of motivation by sound.Facts have proved this argument to be valid. Words that convey the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages – (for example, English meat / mi:t /,Chinese ròu. Alternatively, the same phonological forms may convey different meanings - for example, sight, site, cite.)2.Give the words denoting sounds produced by the animals enumerated below:the ape gibber; the ass bray; the snake hiss; the horse neigh/snort; the duck quack;the pig squeal/grunt; the raven croak; the lark warble; the hound ; the lamb bleat;the mouse squeak; the dove coo; the cricket; the wolf; the puppy yelp; the thrush whistle; the tiger roar; the bull bellow; the eagle scream; the elephant; the fly buzz;the monkey; the kitten mew/purr; the frog croak; the owl hoot/screech; the ox3.What does semantic motivation mean?Semantic motivation means that motivation is based on semantic factors4.Give examples to show the difference between synecdoche and metonymy.Synecdoche means using a part for a whole an individual for a class, a material fora thing or the reverse of any of these. e.g. bread for food; Beijing for ChinaMetonymy is the device in which we name soothing by one of its attributes. e.g.crown for king; white house for the president.ment on the formation of the following italicized words by analogy:daymare←nightmare; off-the-job←on the job; Big Government←Big Brother;brawn drain (the emigration of laborers, athletes, etc. to countries that offer better jobs or opportunities)←brain drain (the emigration of scientists, scholars, etc. to countries that offer better jobs or opportunities); earthrise (a view of the earth from the moon or from a spacecraft orbiting about the moon, in which the earth seems tobe rising above the moon’s horizon) ←sunrise; Planetokhod (a vehicle designed by Soviet scientists for scientific exploration of the Planets), and Marokhod (a vehicle designed by Soviet scientists for scientific exploration on Mars) ←Lunokhod (a vehicle designed by Soviet scientists for scientific exploration on the lunar surface);daylighting←moonlighting; workaholic←alcoholic; out of a home, out of a society←out of a job; without-it←with-it (fashionably up-to-date)6.Match the scrambled clues with the names or terms given in the left-hand column.They are grouped by tens.Ishmael: outcast driven into the wildernessCirce: enchantress who turned Odysseus’men into swineAdonis: the beau ideal of masculine beauty (yes, beauty)Don Juan: No. I wolf in literature.Mrs. Grundy: self-appointed female policer of conventional proprieties, what Will Hays was to Hollywood.Munchausen: fertile, resourceful and ingenious liar on the grand scale.Thersites: champion grumbler and seditionist in the Greek camp before Troy.Tartuffe: worldly pseudo-pious hypocrite, supposedly satirizing JesuitsBumble: fussy, pompous, self-important small time dignitaryShylock: wanted his pound of flesh as penalty interest on loanPolonius: long-winded self-appointed Nestor, full of wise sawsBobadil: thrasonical soldier, captain or betterRodomontade: loud-mouthed ranting, from the speech habits of an Ariosto characterBraggadocio: fancy boasting, named from a character in the Faerie QueeneBabbitt: jovial Rotarian, apostle of business cultureFrankenstein: Doctor of that name who brought his robot monster to life (no the monster)Pecksniff: unctuous hypocrite, prating of benevolence; won’t give more than a quarterNestor: the wisest old Greek councilor at Troy; silver tonguedSinbad: the most famous sailor before PopeyeAli Baba: buddy of the forty thievesLothario: No.2 wolf in literatureChapter41.What is meant by binary analysis?It means componential analysis of a word attempting as far as possible to treat components in terms of binary opposites. e.g. between [Female] and [Male], [Animate] and [Inanimate] etc.2. a. Characterize the following lexical items, using the three binary semantic features:[+-Male], [+-Adult], [+-Human]man, [+Male], [+Adult], [+Human]woman, [-Male], [+Adult], [+Human]boy, [+Male], [-Adult], [+Human]girl, [-Male], [-Adult], [+Human]bullock, [+Male], [-Adult], [-Human]cow [-Male], [+Adult], [-Human]b. Characterize the following lexical items, using the six binary semantic features:[+-Animate], [+-Live], [+-Concrete], [+-Vegetative], [+-Trunked], [+-Leafed]tree, [-Animate], [+Live], [+Concrete], [+Vegetative], [+Trunked],pine, [-Animate], [+Live], [+Concrete], [+Vegetative], [+Trunked], [-Leafed]plant [-Animate], [+Live], [+Concrete], [+Vegetative], [+Trunked],3.Give examples to show the distinction between verbs in dynamic use and stativeuse.1)Dynamic verbs can appear in imperative sentences but stative ones cannot.Kick the ball!Persuade him to leave!X Own the house.X Resemble your father.2)Dynamic verbs may take the so-called progressive aspect but stative ones cannot.The girl is kicking the ball.The girl is persuading him to leave.X The patron is owning the house.X The girl is resembling her father.3)Dynamic verbs can appear in a number of embedded sentences in which stativeones cannot.I told the girl to kick the ball.I told the girl to persuade him to leave.X I told the girl to own the house.X I told the girl to resemble her father.Chapter 51.How have the following words become specialized in meaning?dialectics: argumentative reasoning by question and answer→Marxist theory based on the principle that an idea or an event is a unity of oppositesfable: any tale→a story made up to teach a lessonmyth: any kind of story→usually referring to one dealing with a god or semi-divine being in one of the mythologies of the world.stink: any odor→an unpleasant smellpraise: meant “set a value on something good or bad” →applies to something good predicament: any situation→a difficult situationhound: any dog→usually a hunting dogfruit: a product or something enjoyed→the ripened reproductive body of a seed planthangar: a shed→a shelter for aircraftgarage: any safe place→a building for housing carsvoyage: a trip or journey→a journey by sea or waterhospital: a place for shelter or entertainment of travellers→a health facility where patients receive treatmentteam: family or offspring→a cooperative unitarsenal: a house of industry→a building where arms are made or stored2.Trace the process of generalization of meaning of the words given below:scene: tent or covered place→the visual percept of a regionjournal: daily or a village law → any periodical publicationinoculate: “furnish with eyes or buds as in grafting” → graftingeconomy: “household management” →influence: “a flowing in” of some powerful substance form the stars to menpicture: something paintedvaccinate: “cows” → applies to any substance for preventive inoculationlayman: not a member of the clergy → a person who does not belong to a particular professionlarder: a storehouse for baconbribery: scraps 残羹剩饭, leavings 剩余物, lumps of bread given to beggars3.Analyze the process of radiation of the polysemic word “action”For a lawyer, “action” will naturally mean “legal action”; for the soldier it will meana military operation, without any need for a qualifying epithet4.How have the following words become degraded in meaning?villain: a man who worked on a farm →a wicked or evil personclown: a peasant or farmer →a person who amuses others by ridiculous behavior wench: a country girl →a girl or young woman who worked as a servant or served people food or drink.caitiff: a variant captive →cowardly and despicable personsilly: happy → foolishcunning: learned →marked by skill in deceptioncounterfeit: to imitate/copy → to make a imitation of money, pictures, etc. in order to deceivelust: pleasure → a strong sexual desirelewd: not a member of the clergy → referring to sex in a rude and offensive way illicit: unallowed →contrary to or forbidden by law5.Describe the process of elevation of meaning of the following words:steward: the keeper or warden of the sty → one who manages or administers an establishmentmarshall: groom or horse-servant → a title of honorjanitor: a porter of door-keeper → a person whose job is to take care of a building.cathedral: seat → designate the seat or throne of a bishopshrewd: w icked/malicious → clever at understanding an making judgements abouta situationkeen: sharp/cutting → clevershrine: a box → a place where people come to worship because it is connected toa holy person or eventboudoir: a place to pout or sulk in →a lady's bedroom or private sitting roomdean: a leader of ten →a man who is the senior member of a groupnice: ignorant →pleasant or pleasing in nature or appearancebutler: bottle-servant →a manservant (usually the head servant of a household) who has charge of wines and the table6.What is meant by transference of meaning? Explain the meanings of the italicizedwords in the following sentences:1)To Kate, calculating and cold, the most important thing was power.shrewd or cunning, esp. in a selfish way2)They treated the captives with calculated cruelty.deliberately planned or intended3)The music was inspiring.arousing a feeling of power to do good4)He gave an inspired performance of the piano concerto.creative; outstanding5)His lecture was informative and stimulating.instructive; educational6)The success of English teaching depends on a teacher’s informed choice ofmethodology.intelligent (informed choice meaning the choice based on possession of much knowledge)Chapter61.expand: amplify (放大声音等); magnify (放大；扩大，【显微镜】); inflate (价格飞涨；通货膨胀); dilate (使膨胀My pupil dilated when you turn off the light.);distend (使膨胀His face has distended after being bitten by a mosquito.)contract (收缩，收减): compress (压缩The bags are much smaller after being compressed.); condense (压缩，精炼We condense all kinds of herbs into pill form.); deflate (放气，使缩小After a few days, the balloon deflates.); constrict (约束，妨碍The rope constricts her movement.); diminish (减少，降低This is terrible! Our profits are still diminishing. Why!)2.go forward: advance, progress, proceedgo backward: re cede, re treat, re tirego in: invade, penetrate, intrudego out: emerge, issue, discharge3.buoyancy,浮力elasticity, The elasticity of a material or substance is its ability to return to its original shape, size, and condition after it has been stretched. 弹性(物理)flexibility: easily bent or shaped, the quality of being adaptable or variablee.g. I was amazed at the elasticity of his little steel trout rod鳟鱼竿.We may capsize倾覆(特指船) but will not sink because the tanks under the seats provide plenty of buoyancy.4.duplicate 复制，使加倍impersonate 扮演，模仿e.g. He intended to steal a uniform and impersonate the local policeman.There is so much traffic that they will have to duplicate the railway line.5.crevasse (a large, deep crack in thick ice or rock); crevice (a narrow crack or gap,especially in a rock)incredible, incredulous怀疑的；不轻信的respectively, respectfullystationary固定的；静止的, stationery文具；信纸e.g. All the stationery we need for our work is supplied by the schoolYou should remember that the building is a war memorial and speak more respectfully.The car was stationary when it was struck by the railway engine.The explorer found himself suspended at the end of a rope far down in a crevasse.A pavilion and a swimming pool are to be built at the girls’ and boys’ schoolsrespectively.The number of careless drivers we saw was incredible.I have dropped some money into a crevice between these paving stones.They boy’s mother was incredulous when we told her of the success.6.Give some examples to distinguish between three different types of antonyms:contraries相对性反义词: wide—narrow, old—young, big—smallcomplementaries互补反义词: dead—alive, boy—girl, brother—sisterconversives换位反义词buy—sell, borrow—lend, give—receive7.antonyms:discrete离散的—grouped; dour阴沉的，严厉的，顽强的，不爱讲话的—gay, vilify诽谤，轻视—sing the praises of, polemic 好争论的—apologetic,concise简洁的—wordy, adroit—awkward, fortuitous偶然的意外的—designed, cogent强有力的—unconvincing, assuage平息；缓和；减轻—aggravate,recondite深奥的；隐藏的；默默无闻的—obviousjoyous—melancholy, tranquility宁静，平静—tumult骚动,disciple门徒，信徒—renegade叛徒, cajole—antagonize使敌对（protagonist主角）tenuous纤细的；稀薄的；贫乏的—stoutChapter71.What is the difference between syntagmatic association and paradigmaticassociation?Words association can be handled in terms of syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between words. Sets of elements which can be substituted one for another in a given context are said to be in paradigmatic relationship; elements which combine to form a larger unit are said to be in syntagmatic relationship.Take the following two sentences as an example to illustrate it:The cat is on the mat.The dog is on the mat.If we consider “The cat is on the mat”, we could talk of a syntagmatic relationbetween cat and mat; but if we compare this with “The dog is on the mat” we havea paradigmatic relation between cat and dog.2.What is meant by “mutual expectancy of words”?“mutual expectancy of words” is a expression proposed by Firth referring to co-occurrence which means the permitted syntagmatic combination of words. For instance, “ass” usually co-occur with the adjectives like “silly, stupid, awful” etc.as “You silly ass.”Chapter81.set in来了，到来A soft sea breeze set in at midnight.see through识破，看穿He is wise enough to see through all these fine pretensions.set aside留出；驳回，撤销；不顾He set aside all objections and granted (同意允许) my request.run out用完耗尽The land is cropped and not manured (施肥), it will run out.hold over 延期；以…威胁The judge said he would hold over your case until the next sitting of the court.hold up: remains stable, doesn't get worse, stays the sameIf the weather holds up, I suggest we go out on a picnic.fall through落空，失败As neither of us would give in, the bargain fell through.run away with轻易获得；偷走；同……私奔He lets his feelings run away with his judgement.put in for申请He meant to put in for a share of the profits.pull down摧毁，推翻，使下跌One is not sorry to see the proud pulled down.draw back拉开；收回；退却；使保持距离He will draw back from what he has promised. 他将不履行诺言。

(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案

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6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
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7 . The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin ,French
Chapter One
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词汇学语言考试题及答案

词汇学语言考试题及答案1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的哪一方面？A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词汇学中，词根是指什么？A. 词的最小意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A3. 词汇学研究中，词缀的作用是什么？A. 改变词义B. 改变词性C. 改变词形D. 以上都是答案：D4. 以下哪个词不是复合词？A. 黑板B. 电脑C. 老师D. 飞机答案：C5. 词汇学中，同义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：B6. 词汇学中，反义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：C7. 词汇学研究中，词义的演变叫做什么？A. 词义变化B. 词义发展C. 词义演变D. 词义扩展答案：C8. 词汇学中，词义的缩小指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：A9. 词汇学研究中，词义的扩大指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：C10. 词汇学中，词义的转移指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义从一个领域转移到另一个领域D. 词义保持不变答案：C。

英语词汇学练习及答案

英语词汇学练习及答案Mid-term Exam 1. Please illustrate the logical relationships of the following terms: free morphemes, bound root, derivational affixes, affixes, morphemes, inflectional affixes, bound morphemes. 2. Prefixation and suffixation are two subclasses of affixation. Please define prefixation and suffixation and explain the difference between them. Use “polite—impolite”, “happy—happiness” to illustrate your point. 3. Comment on the following groups of words to illustrate types of meaning of words and their relationship. Group 1: “took, taught, became” Group 2: “have, has, had, had, having”4. Analyze and comment on three adjectives used in the following sentences based on synonym difference inconnotation. [A] Look at that little boy. [B] Look at that small boy. [C] Look at that tiny boy 5. The basic form of English negative prefix in- is [in-], as in inaccurate and insecure. In impossible, [n] is changed to match the place of articulation of its following stop [p]. In illiterate, [n] becomes identical to its following [1]. Which phonological rule does this example illustrate? Please define the rule and give one more example. Answers: 1. Morphemes may be classified into free morphemes and bound morphemes. Alternatively, morphemes may be divided into roots and affixes. Quite a number of bound roots belong to the class of bound morphemes. Affixes are considered bound morphemes, they may be divided into inflectional affixes and derivational affixes. 2. Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding a prefix or combining form to the base.Suffixation is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or a combining form to the base. Prefixes modify the lexical meaning of the base, and they do not generally alter the word-class of the base, while the suffixation changes the word-class of the base. polite—impolite, the prefix “im” just change the lexical meaning of the base ?polite?, but it doesn?t alter the word-class. They are still adjectives. happy—happiness, it is a process of suffixation. Although it doesn?t change the lexical meaning of the base, it changes the word-class of the base---from an adjective into a noun. 3. Group1: These words are inflectional affixes, and they are the various irregular verb forms for the past tense and past participle. ?took? is the past tense of the word ?take?, ?taught? is the past tense and past participle of the word ?teach?, ?became? is the past tenseof the word ?become?. They are also the inflectional affixes, but they don?t form new words with new lexical meanings when they are added to another word. Group 2: ?has? is the third person singular present tense of the word ?have?; ?having? is for the present participle; ?had? is the past tense of the word ?have?, while ?had? is the past participle of it. They are all the inflectional affixes, but they don?t form new words with new lexical meanings when they are added to another word.4. Little, small and tiny are synonyms. But if any emotion is associated with the designation, we must choose little. \Yet if you should exclaim \small boy!\the phrase is unidiomatic, because the word small has no affective meaning. Under the head-word little in the OALD of 1980, you will find:\preceded by another adj. with no connection of smallness, to indicate affection, tenderness, regard, admiration,or the contrary, depending upon the preceding adj.): Isn’t he a little devil! (indicating affectionate regard). What a pretty little house! That poor little girl! (indicating sympathy)...She’s a n ice little thing (indicating tenderness or regard, but possibly patronage, or a feeling of superiority)...\similar with small. 5. This example illustrates assimilation rule. It assimilates one segment to another by ’’copying’’ or ‘‘spreading’’ a feature of a sequential phoneme on to its neighboring segment, thus making the two phones more similar. Example : In implausible, [n] is changed to match the place of articulation of its following stop [p]. In illegal, [n] becomes identical to its following [1].。

(完整版)词汇学Unit1-2答案

Check Your UnderstandingState whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.a. Fb. Fc. Fd. Fe. TIn-Class Activities1. The word “wor d”is diverse in terms of its meaning. Consider its usages in the following contexts:a. May I say a word about that?b. Actions speak louder than words.c. She has kept her word.d. Finally the general gave the word to retreat.e. Let me know if you get word of my wife.f. Word has it they’re divorcing.ASK:(1) What does “word” mean in each of the contexts?a. Something he would talk aboutb. things that are said, contrasted with things that are donec. the promise one has maded. spoken command or signale. informationf. piece of news; message(2) Do you know of any other usages the word “word” has?2.ASK:(1) Can you summarize the five criteria introduced by David Crystal here?Potential pause :The pause , which happens when you say a sentence, will tend to fallbetween words, and not within words.Indivisibility: The extra items will be added between the words and not within them.Minimal free forms: the smallest units of speech that can meaningfully stand on their own. Phonetic boundaries: It is sometimes possible to tell from the sound of a word where it begins or ends.Semantic units: each word in a sentence has a clear meaning.(2) Do you think these criteria are questionable in any way? Can they be applied to theidentification of zi, the rough Chinese equivalent of the English “word”?No, as the above analysis explained. No , they cannot. For example, 流连and 蹒跚，they are danchuci(单纯词) which cannot be analyzed independently.3.(1) Suppose we want to know what are the ten most frequently used English words. What are they, as far as you can tell? How about Chinese?The, of ,to, and, a, in, is, it, you, that的、一、是、在、了、不、和、有、大、着(2) Are there any similarities and differences between the ten most frequently used words inEnglish and those in Chinese?They are basically functional words. Both have possessive word,(of, 的) number words(a,一), copula words(is, 是), conjunctions(and, 和) and localizers(in, 在).; English has the definite article the and several pronouns, you , that and it which are absent in Chinese.4. According to Ferdinand de Saussure, there is no intrinsic relation between the form of a word and what it stands for. In other words, words are arbitrary (i.e. not motivated) in terms of meaning designation. However, there seem to be abundant cases in natural languages that defy this generalization. For example, onomatopoeic words seem to exist in all the languages known to us. To a lesser degree, the meaning of some words can be partly deduced from their components. For example, “sl-“ is highly suggestive of the meaning of the words that contain it, such as “slide”, “slip”, and “slush”.ASK:(1)Babble, bang, grunt, splash; 噼啪、嗡嗡、滴滴哒、吱嘎吱No, these words are only a small part of English or Chinese vocabulary(2)Football and handball concern the body part which take the ball from one place to another, and basketball is named after a basket into which the ball is put in the begging stage of the game. (3)People have bodily embedded knowledge to infer these motivations of such usage. The first example concerns the metaphor and second metonymy(4) Do you know other types of words or usages that are motivated in one way or another?Some figurative usages are also highly motivated. For example: Necessity is the mother of invention.5. British English (BE for short) and American English (AE for short) are two major varieties of the English language.Though they have fundamental similarities in terms of grammar and vocabulary, they also differ substantially in many ways. On the vocabulary level, several distinct distinctions are found. First, there are differences in the pronunciation of some words, mostly in the vowel sounds, as illustrated in the following table:Some consonants are also pronounced differently. Particularly, in BE，the letter r before a consonant is not pronounced, but that at the end of a word is pronounced if the next word begins with a vowel, e.g., cart /k: t/, door /d :/, but a member of /☜ memb☜☜f /; in AE, the letter r is pronounced in all positions.Secondly, BE and AE differ in the spelling of some words. Usually, the AE variants are simpler than their British counterparts, as manifested below.A further noticeable difference relates to the lexical meaning of some words. For instance, “bill” means “bank note” in AE but “a demand for payment of a debt” in BE.ASK:(1) Can you supply more words that are pronounced differently in British English and AmericanEnglishhalf, advance, advantage, after, answer, ask, glance, glass, grasp(2) Do you know of any grammatical differences between British English and American English? In American English we say “graduate from school”; while in British English, we say “leave school”. In American English, it has “put up price”, while in British English, it is “raise price”(3) Are there special words for which AE and BE have very distinctive spellings?For Chinese characters“博览会”, British English has “fair” while American English usees trade show. “ Life and elevator” , and “autumn and fall” are more examples.(4) Can you find more examples of the same words with different meanings in AE and BE?one billion/ first floor/ pantsone billion(Brit) the number 1000000000000 万亿之数(US) the number 1000000000十亿之数first floorIn British English the floor of a building at street level is the ground floor and the floor above thatis the first floor.In US English the street-level floor is the first floor and the one above is the second floorPants(Brit) men's underpants; women's or children's knickers(US) trousers6. The following excerpt comes from Barack Obama’s speech on Father’s Day, June 15, 2008. Read it carefully, and pay special attention to his choice of words.ASK:(1) How does Obama distinguish “empathy” from “sympathy”?Empathy means Identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings.The ability to stand in somebody else’s shoesSympathy is defined as feeling of pity and sorrow (for sb.)(2) Why does Obama bother to define “hope”– a familiar word to all?Hope, according to Obama, is something b etter is waiting for us if we’re willing to work for it and fight for it. If we are willing to believe. He differentiates hope from what is blind optimism or willful ignorance of the problems we face(3) What other lexical choices impress you deeply as well?“As fathers and parents”, why not as fathers and mothers,Open to discussionPost-Class Tasks1. What characteristics do functional words have？Read the following excerpt from George W.2. How do you understand receptive and productive lexical knowledge? Use your own examples to illustrate their differences. Which type of vocabulary is probably the largest for a language user, reading vocabulary, writing vocabulary, listening vocabulary, or speaking vocabulary? Give one reason that convinces you most.For example, we learn that “word”can be used to refer to “rumor”, and we know it means “rumor” in the sentence “The word is that he's left the country.(据说他已经离开这个国家了).”But actually, we will not write the sentence, esp., say the sentence in daily conversations. By this example, we show that receptive lexical knowledge concerns what you learned and productive lexical knowledge concerns what you would put into practice. Reading vocabulary may be the largest type of vocabulary, because you may recognize the meaning of a word without using it in daily exchanges or in academic writing.3. Is lexical competence the same thing as productive lexical knowledge? How do you understand the two concepts on the basis of the discussion in Pre-Class Reading?No, lexical competence covers a larger scope that that of productive lexical knowledge.4. Can we say lexicology is the scientific study of the words in a language? How important is the notion of word equivalent? Read the following excerpt from Barrack Obama’s Victory Speech in 2008 and underline the word equivalents. What types of word equivalents are contained in this passage?Language is composed of not just individual words, but also word equivalents, such as word groups (or compound words), chunks such as idioms, formulaic sequences, and so. The latter is attracting more and more scholarly attention these days. Thus, lexicology is more precisely defined as the scientific study of the words and word equivalents in a language.5. Identical systems of stress and rhythm are used by BE and AE. There are, however, a few wordsthat have their stress on a different syllable. Write out the specific pronunciations of the following words:OmittedUnit 2Check Your UnderstandingState whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.a. Fb. Fc. Fd. Fe. FIn-Class Activities1.(1) How are the three allomorphs conditioned by their adjoining sounds?S is pronounced as [s] [z and [iz]] when it is respectively attached to a voiceless consonant, a voiced consonant or a vowel, and any words ending with s, z or pronouncing as [s] or [z].(2) Does the plurality morpheme have other allomorphs apart from those mentioned above? Yes, for example,the plural form of sheep remains unchanged, and man has its plural form realized as “men”.(3) What about the allomorphs of the morpheme for the past tense in English?The usual allomorphs of the morpheme of the past tense may be realized as [t], [d] and [id]2. In English, there are quite a few prefixes that connote negation. They include a-, un-, in- (ir-, il-), dis-, mis-, non-, de-, and the like.symmetry→asymmetrytypical→atypicalforgettable →unforgettabletie→untiearticulate →inarticulate,discreet →indiscreetmature →immature,partial →impartiallegal →illegallegible →illegiblerelevant →irrelevantreverent →irreverentlike→dislikeable→disableuse →misuselead →misleadsense →nonsensecommercial→noncommercialform→deformconstruction→deconstruction(2) How would you distinguish between un- and non- in terms of their meaning and use? Can weprefix un- to adjectives like “tall”, “ill”, and “black”? Why or why not?Un- is usually prefixed before transitive verbs, such as tie →untie, nouns, such as and adjectives, such as employment→unemployment. Non- is often put before adjectives, such as essential→non-essential, and nouns, such as existence→non-existence. Both of the usage are possible because the word followed the above two prefixes has no ready-made acronyms in English lexical system.3.ASK:(1) Could we cut “unwomanly” into “unwoman” and “-ly”?No. unwoman is not a word in English. Un- is usually put before an abstract uncountable noun. (2) Can you analyze the morphological structure of the word “inaccessibility”?inaccessibilityinaccessible -ityin- accessibleaccess -ible(3) According to some feminists, words like “history” and “human” encode sex inequality. Do youagree?These words may connate sex inequality at first sight. But, In fact, we go too far if we hold this notion in mind. Both words have been part of our culture.4.ASK:(1) What are the words in the pictures that stem from conversion?Stop, bin, wear, suit(2) Are they instances of partial conversion or complete conversion?complete conversions5.ASK:(1) What words undergo shortening here? What is the full form of PM (or sometimes p.m.)?Tue Tuesday, Sun Sunday, post meridiem.(2) Do you know how the month names are shortened in English?1月January Jan 2月February Feb 3月March Mar. 4月April Apr. 5月May May 6月June Jun. 7月July Jul. 8月August Aug. 9月September Sept. 10月October Oct. 11月November Nov. 12月December Dec.6.ASK:(1) Can you provide more examples instantiating analogy?Marathon--telethon/talkathon, hamburger--shrimpburger-(2) Is this process of word formation also found in Chinese? Support your answer with evidence.无微不至－无胃不治；其乐无穷－棋乐无穷7.(1) What semantic relation holds the two lexemes together in each case?a. flu virus: A caused Bb. safety line :B ensures Ac. night bird: A is the usual time when B is actived. spoon-feeding: A is one of the ways to realize B.e. potato pancake: A is the ingredient of Bf. man-made: B is realize by Ag toilet seat: B is part A.(2) Does “safety line” mean the same as “safe line”? Can you come up with similar compounds? NO, the former means that line can keep one safe, whereas the latter means the line is safe.(You can touch it)Security guard and secure guardPost-Class Tasks1. Supply the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.a.D;b.B;c. D;d. C;e. A;f. D2. Learners need to be able to recognize word parts in words. Read the example and break up the following words into meaningful parts. (e.g. unhappiness -- un/happi/ness)a. intangibilityb. unevenlyin/tangible/ity un/even/lyc. friendlinessd. notwithstandingfriend/ly/ness not/with/stand/inge. overseasf. minimalistover/sea/s minim/al/istg. immigration h. Psychologistimmi/grate/ion psych/ology/isti. occurrences j. assumptionoc/cur/rence as/sumpt/ion3. Study the following Security Tips collected from an American Holliday Inn and exemplify the various processes of word formation with words from the passage.Safe: conversionCheck-out: CompositionDead: conversionValuable: conversion4. What kinds of adjectives undergo partial conversion? What kinds of verbs often undergo complete conversion?Adjectives like “poor”, “rich”, “fat”, “sick”, “wounded”, “deaf”, “mute”, “Chinese”, “Danish”, “best”, “most”, “least”, “latest”, “accused”, “condemned”, (for) “good”, “thick”(and) “thin”, etc. undergo partial conversion; stop, pause, halt, look, rest, check, try, taste, smell, etc, often undergo complete conversion.5. Some affixes have not only lexical meanings but affective meanings as well. Some personal nouns formed by the suffix –ling, for example, have derogatory meanings,as in hireling, weakling; some personal nouns taking the suffix –ish are also derogatory, as in mannish, womanish and bookish. Can you provide more examples suffixed with –ling and –ish that are negative in attitude?Prince/princelingUnder/underlingWorld/worldingChild/childishSelf/selfishFool/foolish6. Read the following piece of news. What are the acronyms or initialisms used in this passage? What are their full forms?Obama brings hope for warmer relations to TurkeyANKARA, Turkey – U.S. President Barack Obama is reaching out to Turkey to helpInitialisms: EU, ABC, U.S.。

学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析

学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________l A、blamedforB、blamedtoC、blamedonD、blamedat正确答案：C答案解析：此题考查固定词组blamesth.onsb.把...怪到...头上。

3、Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A、lookingupB、lookingthroughC、lookingintoD、lookingon正确答案：C答案解析：A(在书中)查找B仔细查阅，审查，(对某人)视而不见C调查，研究，查问D.观看，旁观，看待4、Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A、pushB、provideC、turnD、set正确答案：D答案解析：setaside：留出，拨出。

是固定搭配。

5、We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A、datedB、datingC、comingD、kept正确答案：B答案解析：本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。

datingbacktothe16thcentury的逻辑主语是stonefigure。

6、Perseverance is a kind of quality and that is _______ it takes to do anything well.A、whatB、thatC、whichD、why正确答案：A答案解析：what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成”Ittakessth.todosth.”的句型。

英语词汇学英语词汇学习题1及答案

试题一第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. （30% ）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Generalization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenicpounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as_______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long （not short）B. ball （a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll ）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to thecourse book.（10% ）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（） l （place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing （） D.Swedish25.linguistic （） prehend/understand26.ambiguity （） F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation （）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes ）Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressionsand identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2 ）types of word formation or prefixes. （10% ）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint （）35.preliminaries （）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize （）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell （）40.multi-purposes （）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10% ）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below（.12% ）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. （18% ）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.参考答案Ⅰ.(3%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A51.J52.B53.C54.I55.E56.G57.HⅣ.(10%)58.bound root59.（head+tail）blinding60.inflectional affix/morpheme61.a+n62.full conversion63.suffix64.reversative prefix65.prefix of degree66.prefix67.number prefixⅤ.(10%)68.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.69.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.70.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.71.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.72.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)73.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.74.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.75.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18)24. ）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection（re+collect+ion ）,nationalist （nation+al+ist ）,unearthly（un+earth+ly ）.2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.76.）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine （3 分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking （1 分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive （2 分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial （2 分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship （1 分）。

词汇学练习参考答案

第二单元基本构词方法一．派生法练习一例如：intervene，intervention，intervenor，intervenient练习二希腊语前缀拉丁语前缀half hemi- semi- demi- one mono- uni-two di- bi-three tri- tri-four tetra- quadri-five penta- quint-six hexa- sex- ,seven hepta- sept-eight oct- oct-nine ennea- nona-ten deca- deci-1. immature2. irregular3.inconsiderate4. ignoble5. noncontentious6. illegitimate7. nonmetal 8. impassive 9. nonferrous 10. inaccuracy 11. unendurable 12. invariance13. non-inductive 14. illegible 15. unreasonable16. irrational \ 17. unscrupulous 18. non-staple19. imbalance 20. illegalize练习四1. before2. near3. off4. in5. inside6. outside7. out 8. before 9. beneath 10. in 11. under 12. between 13. within 14. into 15. exceeding 16. beyond 17. after 18. before19. forward 20. back 21. below22. above 23. beyond 24. across 25. extreme练习五1. dispensable, convertible, tolerable, reversible2. assistant, resistant, consistent, persistent3. calculator, liar,subscriber, survivor4. confectionery, adversary, tributary, monastery5. capricious, presumptuous, momentous, spontaneous二．复合法A. 1. greenbelt 2. greengrocer3. greenhorn4. greenroomB. 1. handbag 2. handbook3. handbrake4. handrailC. 1. aftercare 2. aftereffect3. aftertaste4. afterthoughtD. 1. sleeping bag 2. sleeping car3. sleeping pill4. sleeping partnerE. 1. running mate 2. running hand3. running head4. running boardF. 1. washbasin 2. washboard3. washerwoman4. washclothG. 1. sunburn 2. sunburst3. sunset4. sunshineH. 1. breakdown 2. break-in3. breakthrough4. breakupI. 1. outbreak 2. outcry3. outlay4. outlet练习二A．1．火力2．火把3．燃烧弹4．消防队5．太平梯B．1．(空袭)紧急警报2．隆重的欢迎3．红色肉类4．官样文章5．鲑鱼C．1．流动资本2．工作负载3．工作状态4．计算5．工人D．1．(录音等的)播放2．花花公子3．(学校的)放假日4．操场5．剧作家练习三1. farfetched2. newborn3. heart-beat4. built-in5. clothes-washing6. dust-laden7. oncoming 8. fair-minded, good-hearted 9. self-evident 10. grown-up练习四1．修改，校订2．冷淡3，对……进行军法审判4．将……上手铐5. 骤然把……塞进6．用沙袋阻塞7．船只失事8’使短路9。

英语词汇学(完结版)

1.外来词分为四类：Denizens ,cup from cuppa , port form portus 2) Aliens garage , décor 3) Translation –loans e.g. long time no see 4) Semantic- loans.e.g. dream2.Motivation分类：onomatopoeic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation, etymologicalmotivation.Types of meaning: grammatical ~ & lexical ~; conceptual ~& associative ~(connotative~, stylistic~, affective ~,collocative ~,)多义关系及两种研究方法:Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural language that one word has two or more senses or meanings. Diachronic approach is an approach to polysemy which studies how a word derived its different meanings from its primary meaning in the course of time. 3.Synchronic approachis an approach to polysemy which studies the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical

(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案

)
3. Old English was a highly inflected language .
(
)
4. In early Middle English period , English , Latin , and Celtic existed side by side . (
)
5. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period . (
五． Choose the standard word from the column on the right to match each of the slang words on the left.
a. tart
girl
b. bloke
police
c. gat
great
d. swell
drunk
Swedish Spanish Prussian French Slovenian Danish Portuguese
二． Fill in the blanks according to the text :
The language used between 450 and ___________ is called _________ , which has a vocabulary of ___________ . Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to ____________ , followed by the ______________ period , subdivided as early modern English ( ______________ ) and late _____________ ( 1700- up to now )

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