医学基础英语单词总结

人体解剖生理学

凝血blood coagulation

止血hemostasis

血红蛋白hemoglobin, Hb

胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure

血小板platelet

血型blood group

兴奋性excitability

有效不应期effective refrectory period,ERP

自律性autorhythmicity

传导性conductivity

血输出量cardiac output

期前收缩premature systole

心电图electrocardiogram

微循环microcirculation

顺应性compliance

潮气量tidal volume，TV

肺通气量ventilation volume

呼吸respiratory

肺泡表面活性物质pulmonary surfactant

通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio

消化digestion

吸收absorption

胃肠激素gastrointestinal hormone

胃泌素gastrin

胆盐的肠肝循环enterohepatic circulation of bile salt

肝liver

胰蛋白酶trypsin

肾单位nephron

肾kidney

肾小球滤过glomerular filtration

重吸收reabsorption

分泌secretion

肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 管-球平衡glomerulotubular balance

感受器sensory receptor

角膜cornea

视网膜retina

近视myopia

夜盲症nyctalopia

视野visual field

甲状腺thyroid gland

激素hormone

远距分泌telecrine

皮质醇cortisol

胰岛pancreatic islet

拮抗作用antagonism

细胞膜cell membrane

细胞器organelle

内质网endoplasmic reticulum

溶酶体lysosome

线粒体mitochondria

染色体chromosome

细胞凋亡apoptosis

上皮组织epithelia tissue

结缔组织connective tissue

软骨cartilage

骨组织osseous tissue

骨骼肌skeletal muscle

心肌cardiac muscle

平滑肌smooth muscle

神经胶质细胞neuroglial cell

神经纤维nerve fibril

树突dendrite

轴突axon

郎飞结ranvier node

被动转运passive transport

单纯扩散simple diffusion

易化扩散facilitated diffusion

主动转运active transport

入胞endocytosis

出胞exocytosis

动作电位action potential

静息电位resting potential

极化polarization

局部电流local current

神经肌接头neuromusclular junction 等长收缩isometric contraction

等张收缩isotonic contraction

灰质gray matter

脊髓spinal cord

脑encephalon

延髓medulla oblongata

脑桥pons

中脑mesencephalon

小脑cerebellum

下丘脑hypothalamus

大脑cerebrum

大脑皮质cerebral cortex

血脑屏障blood-brain barrier

交感sympathetic

轴浆运输axoplasmic trabsport

神经冲动nerve implulse

乙酰胆碱acetylcholine

中枢抑制central inhition

脑电图electroencephalogram

条件反射conditioned reflex

语言优势半球dominant hemisphere

微生物

球菌coccus

杆菌bacillus

螺形菌spiral bacterium

肽聚糖peptidoglycan

外膜outer membrane

脂质A lipid A

磷壁酸teichoic acid

细菌L型bacterial L form

胞质膜cytoplasmic membrane

中介体mesosome

质粒plasmid

荚膜capsule

荚膜肿胀反应quellung reaction

菌毛pilus

鞭毛flagellum

芽胞spore

热原质pyrogen

毒素toxin

endotoxin内毒素

exotoxin外毒素

消毒disinfection

灭菌sterilization

抑菌bacteriostasis

防腐antisepsis

无菌asepsis

噬菌体bacteriophage

毒性噬菌体lytic or virulentphage 温和噬菌体temperate phage

溶原性噬菌体lysogenic phage