高二英语Unit18第2课 知识精讲 北师大版

高二英语Unit18第2课知识精讲北师大版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 18第2课〔一〕V ocabularyfreezing adj. 严寒的，冰冻的freezing pointWhat freezing weather!freeze vi. 凝固Fresh water freezes at 0℃.感到极冷I am freezing.The two metal surfaces freeze together.Smiles froze on their faces.vt. The road is frozen hard.freeze to sth. 紧紧抓住freeze sb. out 用冷淡的态度逼走某人freeze one’s blood / make one’s blood frozenfreeze to deathbend vt. 弯曲Bend them to our will.集中All eyes were bent on me.bend one’s mind to sth. 专心于vi. The river bends to the east.He bent down to pick up the book.above one’s bend 为某人力所不与on bended knees 跪着convey vt. 传达，表达，运送Please convey my deepest sympathy to the injured.I want to convey to the children that reading is one of life’s greatest happinesses.Her blond hair and blue eyes convey her Swedish origins.Every word conveys some meaning.n. conveyanceaffection n. 爱慕，钟爱have an affection for / towards sb.set one’s affections on / upon sb.影响，属性，病the primary affectionthe secondary affectionaffect effect affectation affected affectingaffect v. 影响，感动The audience were deeply affected.The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.假装He affected ignorance.effect n. have an effect onaffectation n. 装模作样without affectation 直率的，不做作的affected adj. 假装的，不自然的affecting adj. 令人感动的recommend v. 推荐，介绍I want to recommend you a good film.He recommended her as a good designer.劝告，建议The doctor recommended the patient to do some labor.They recommend that the machine be examined.使成为可取His idea has quite a few points to recommend it.托付She recommended her son to me when she was away on business.recommendation n. 推荐，介绍信，劝告a letter of recommendationfollow one’s recommendation〔二〕PoetryA Tranquil NightBefore my bed a frost of light,Is it hoarfrost upon the ground?Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright;Head bent, in homesickness I am drowned.The Night Before ChristmasIt was the night before Christmas,And all through the house,Nothing was moving,Not even a mouse.The stockings had been hung,With attention and careIn the hope that Santa,Soon would be there.The children were sleeping,Safe in their beds.While vague dreams of presents,danced in their heads.My wife, wearing a scarf,And I, wearing a cap,Had just settled ourselvesFor a long winter nap.And then, in an instant,I heard on the roofThe stepping and scratchingOf each little hoof.As a pulled in my head,And was turning around,Down came about Santa,In a single bound.His oval eyes shinedAnd his face looked so merry,His cheeks were like roses,His nose like a cherry.His cute little mouthTurned up like a bow,And the beard and moustacheWere as white as the snow.He didn’t speak a word,And went straight to work.He filled all the stockingsAnd then turned with a jerk.After looking aroundAnd scratching his nose,He gave a nodAnd up the chimney he rose.He jumped into his sleigh,And gave a loud whistle,And away he flew,Like the seeds of a thistle.But I heard him shout,Before he drove out of sight,“Merry Christmas to all,And to all a good night.〞〔三〕Grammar1. would and used to二者都表示过去常常做某事，但前者表示过去的习惯性动作，可能还会延续下去，后者表示过去常做某事但现在不再做了。

He used to make a lot of trouble.Tom would watch TV the whole morning.2. 限定词限定词有冠词，代词和指示代词等，常指用在名词前的词。

可数名词前：a, an, the, another, the other不可数名词前：the, some, any, no, a lot of, much, all可数名词复数前：the, some, any, no, many, several, a lot of, all, otherAs ____ unemployment is very high nowadays, it’s very difficult to find___ work.You can try ___ second time if you fail ___ first time.When he left ___ college, he got a job as ___ reporter in a newspaper office.〔1〕a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book;an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour. 请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u〞, an “h〞。

可数名词在表泛指时，要加不定冠词“a／an〞表示“一个〞，“每一〞相当于one或表示某一. 并列的两个单数名词表示一个概念，第二个名词前的不定冠词a可以省去，以防止重复.〔2〕指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the。

〔3〕在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the. 如the sun,the moon,the earth。

表示江河海洋，海峡海湾，山脉和群岛与有些湖泊之前用the.〔4〕the用于序数词，表方位的名词和形容词最高级前。

the first, the best , in the south。

〔5〕在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。

如：the Browns。

〔6〕当一个抽象名词，不表示一般的概念而是表示某一特定的内容时加定冠词the 〔7〕在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。

〔8〕普通名词有特指和泛指，如果特指，就要加定冠词.由of引起的限定性短语(作定语)所修饰的词前加the.〔9〕由普通名词和一些其他词构成的专有名词前加thethe People's Republic of China〔10〕不能用定冠词the的几个方面：①在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。

如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the) ②一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词。

如：have breakfast ,play football③一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.〔11〕在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在……前面, in the front of 在……范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。