在日本投降时发表的广播演说 【美国】杜鲁门(1884~1972)

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杜鲁门演讲英语分析

杜鲁门演讲英语分析

The Analysis of the Truman DoctrineHarry S Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, in 1884. He used the letter S in the middle in honor of his grandfather. On April 12, 1945, Truman became the 33rd president of the USA. He said: “if you can not stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.” So till now, many academics consider him as one of the most excellent presidents. In domestic and foreign affairs, he was already providing his most effective leadership. Under his guidance, America releases the damage from the economic crisis efficiently! Internationally, He went to France during World War I as a captain in the Field Artillery and was always proud of his background of military service. In the World War Two, He ordered atomic bombs dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On March 12, 1947, Truman made a speech---- The Truman Doctrine. Afterwards, Cold War started and North Atlantic Treaty Organization established.After the World War Two, Italy, German and Japan were defeated absolutely, and Britain, as well as France, was weakened in the war. In February of 1947, Britain informed the U.S. State Department that they could no longer help the Greek and Turkish regimes. The British government asked the United States to step in so that the Soviets would not gain control. American diplomats on the scene as well as State Department and military leaders in Washington feared that Communist victories in Greece and Turkey would open the door for Soviet expansion into the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and Western Europe. Accordingly, on March 12, 1947, the president Truman made a strongly worded speech to Congress. It stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere. Truman described the world situation as grave but maintained that the Greek government could win its civil war if it received aid. He argued that the United States was the only nation that could supply it. Linking his proposal with World War II, he portrayed world history as now dominated by a struggle between free and unfree ways of life. American policy, he declared, should "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outsidepressure." Suggesting that this could be done primarily through economic and financial aid," he asked for $400 million for Greece and Turkey. These ideas were the main elements of what was quickly labeled the Truman Doctrine. Historians often use it to mark the starting date of the Cold War.As a political and persuasive speech, Truman stated his opinions and hopes from two aspects, Greece and America, to obtain the support from the Congress by tactful speech..Firstly, Truman clearly analyzed the Greece current situation, mainly from the Greek people’s hardship to emphasize the need of financial and economic assistance. Some statistics from his speech could totally explain Greek’s crisis:”four years of cruel enemy occupation” and “More than a thousand villages had been burned. Eighty-five per cent of the children were tubercular”. All these figures indicated that Greek needs help right now. Besides that, He made further emphasize that “I do not believe that the American people and the Congress wish to turn a deaf ear to the appeal of the Greek government”, which implied if regardless of the need of Greece, America would be condemned. Here, Truman used the irony which was effective to point out that the necessity to give the Greece aid.Secondly, as for the United States, Truman insisted that if Greece and Turkey did not receive the aid that they needed, they would inevitably fall to Communism with consequences throughout the region, which was a threat to international peace and the national security of the United States. Therefore, he used the inversion of subjunctive mood (Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far reaching to the West as well as to the East. ) to indicate this potential threat. Meanwhile, he also reasoned that “The f ailure of the West to prevent communist takeover in Greece would not only put the Russians on a particularly dangerous flank for the Turks, but strengthen the Soviet U nion’s ability to cut off allied supplies and assistance in the event of war.". This direct statement enhances his forcefulness and made further explanation of threat. Furthermore, Truman compared the communism to The seeds of totalitarian. Here, use of metaphor undoubtedly showed that Americancongress could no longer stand by.(加?in case)Thirdly, Truman persuaded congress from the responsibilities of America. He said:” We have condemned in the past, and we condemn now, extremist measures of the right or the left. We have in the past advised tolerance, and we advise tolerance no w.” The contrast of duties between past and now explained that USA can’t set it aside. Then he used 3 “I believe” in the form of parallel structure (I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes. ) . Not only did it reinforce the oration’s momentum, but told the specific aids to Greece and Turkey from spirit and action. Three separated sentences showed America’s so-called international aid clearly and potently. However, who knows his real intension (against communism) hidden from the words?From the crisis of Greece and Turkey to Americ a’s duties, from the international situation to the aftermaths, Truman comprehensively analyzed the necessity of giving funds. And with the perfect use of various devices, he successfully applied for ﹩400 million to help Greece and Turkey in the end.。

波茨坦宣言内容

波茨坦宣言内容

波茨坦宣言内容
【原创版】
目录
1.波茨坦宣言的背景和目的
2.波茨坦宣言的主要内容
3.波茨坦宣言的影响和意义
正文
1.波茨坦宣言的背景和目的
波茨坦宣言,全称为《波茨坦公告》,是 1945 年 7 月 26 日美、英、中三国首脑在德国波茨坦会议上发表的一份联合声明。

该宣言的主要目的是为了敦促日本无条件投降,以尽快结束第二次世界大战。

在会议期间,美国总统杜鲁门、英国首相丘吉尔和中国领导人蒋介石就战后世界秩序、对日政策等问题进行了深入讨论,并达成了共识。

2.波茨坦宣言的主要内容
波茨坦宣言共分为 8 个条款,主要内容包括:
(1)重申开罗宣言的精神,即日本必须无条件投降,并接受《联合国家宣言》的各项原则;
(2)日本领土范围由盟国决定,其主权和行政权必须由日本人民自由选择;
(3)日本必须彻底铲除军国主义和法西斯主义,停止对亚洲及其他地区的侵略;
(4)日本必须赔偿战争损失,对战争责任者进行惩罚;
(5)日本在战后必须实现民主化,尊重人权和基本自由;
(6)日本必须加入联合国,遵守国际法和联合国宪章;
(7)盟国保证日本在战后的安全和繁荣;
(8)盟国将在适当时机召开和平会议,讨论和平条约的签订问题。

3.波茨坦宣言的影响和意义
波茨坦宣言对当时的国际局势产生了深远影响。

首先,它加速了第二次世界大战的结束,为战后世界和平和稳定奠定了基础。

其次,宣言明确了日本战后的改革方向,有助于推动日本走上和平发展的道路。

最后,波茨坦宣言为战后国际秩序的建立提供了重要原则,对世界和平与发展产生了积极影响。

1949年美国总统杜鲁门就职演说(中文版)

1949年美国总统杜鲁门就职演说(中文版)

四项主要的行动方针哈里-杜鲁门就职演讲星期四,1949年1月20日我国历史上的各个时期都面临过特殊的挑战。

我们现在面临的挑战和过去面临的任何挑战一样严重,今天不仅标志着一届新政府的起点,而且标志着一个新时期的开始。

对我们来说,对整个世界来说,这个时期特是个多事之秋,也许还将是决定性的岁月。

也许命运注定我们要去体验,或者在更大程度上是去促成人类漫长历史中的一个重大转折。

本世纪上半叶的特点是,人权遭到史无前例的粗暴践踏,并经历了历史上最可怕的两场战争。

我们这个时代最迫切的需要是学会和睦相处。

世界各国人民都怀着忐忑不安的心情面对着未来,他们既充满希望又满腹忧虑。

在这疑虑的时刻,他们比以往任何时候更期待着合众国的善意、力量以及明智的领导。

因此,我们审时度势,利用这一时机向全世界宣布指导我们生活的信念的基本原则,向所有的民族宜布我们的目标。

在今后几年,我们的和平自由纲领将着重于四项主要的行动方针。

第一,我们将继续坚定不移地支持联合国及其有关机构,继续寻求各种方法来加强这些机构的权威和增加这些机构的效率。

今天,不少新的国家正在成立,正在民主原则的指引下向自治方向迈进,我们相信,联合国将因这些新国家而得到加强。

第二,我们将继续执行我们制定的世界经济复兴计划。

这意味着我们必须首先全力支持欧洲复兴计划。

对于世界复兴中这一重大事业的成功,我们充满了信心。

我们相信,通过这项工作,我们的伙伴将再一次取得自给国家的地位。

此外,我们还必须执行为减少世界贸易壁垒、增加世界贸易额而制定的计划。

经济复兴与和平本身都取决于世界贸易的增加。

第三,我们要加强热爱自由的国家的力量,以抵御侵略的威胁。

我们和许多国家一起,正在为增加北大西洋地区的安全面起草一项共同协议。

这种协议将根据联合国宪章的规定,采取集体防御协定的形式。

我们已经根据里约热内卢公约为西半球建立了这样一个防御同盟。

这些协议的主要目的是明确表示自由国家抵抗来自任何地方的武装进攻的共同决心。

日本宣布无条件投降的阅读答案

日本宣布无条件投降的阅读答案

日本宣布无条件投降的阅读答案美联社1945年8月14日电①日本投降了!②杜鲁门总统今7时宣布,日本已经无条件投降,造成历史上空前巨大破坏的战争随之结束。

盟国陆、海军已停止攻势。

③总统说,日本是遵照7月26日三强致日本的最后通牒所规定的条款无条件投降的。

这项最后通牒,是三强柏林会议期间发出的。

④8天以前,日本遭到有史以来第一枚原子弹一种威力最大的炸弹的轰炸;两天以前,俄国宣布对日作战。

在这种情况下,日本被迫于本星期五宣布接受最后通牒中包括的全部条款,但要求继续保留天皇制。

⑤次日,美、英、俄、中四国对此做出答复,声称如天皇接受盟军最高司令部的命令,则可继续在位。

⑥杜鲁门总统今天还宣布,麦克阿瑟将军已被任命为占领日本的盟军武装部队总司令。

⑦杜鲁门总统说:“现在正在做出安排,以便尽早举行接受日本投降的正式签字仪式。

”⑧他说,英国、俄国和中华民国也将派出高级将领,代表各自的国家在受降书上签字。

1.分别指出上文消息的导语和主体部分。

2.第1段与第2、3、4段有什么联系?3.第4段中“在这种情况下”指代的是什么情况?4.杜鲁门总统为什么要急于宣布麦克阿瑟将军的任命呢?1.导语:第1段;主体:其余七个自然段。

2.第2段进一步解释第1段所叙事件,第3段解释日本是怎么投降的,第4段是解释日本为什么投降。

这三段都是进一步注释第1段的内容。

3.“在这种情况下”是指日本遭到有史以来第一枚原子弹的轰炸,而且俄国也对日本宣布作战。

4.以便尽早举行接受日本投降的正式签字仪式。

日本正式宣布无条件投降日1945年5月8日,法西斯德国无条件投降,欧洲战争结束,世界反法西斯战争进入最后阶段,各国盟军在亚洲大陆各战场对日军发起反攻。

7月26日,中国、美国和英国三国发表《波茨坦公告》,促令日本立即无条件投降。

但是,日本政府予以拒绝,并先后三次扩军动员,准备进行本土决战。

当年8月6日和9日,美国先后在日本广岛和长崎各投下一颗原子弹。

8月8日,苏联召见日本驻苏大使,通告苏联参加《波茨坦公告》,并宣布对日作战。

杜鲁门就职演说

杜鲁门就职演说

杜鲁门就职演说一九四五年四月十二日,美国总统杜鲁门在国会发表了一篇名为《坚定信仰》的演说。

这篇演说是杜鲁门正式就任总统后不久发表的,它不仅引起了当时美国国内的强烈反响,而且在国际社会上也产生了巨大的影响。

那么,这篇演说到底有哪些特点,它又具有哪些深远的历史意义呢?一、回顾历史,坚定信仰在演说开始的部分,杜鲁门首先回顾了美国的历史,强调了美国作为一个自由民主的国家所坚信的一些价值观,并呼吁人民在这样的价值观的指引下继续前行。

同时,在这一部分中,杜鲁门也提到了美军在欧洲和太平洋地区的胜利,使得美国顺利进入了第二次世界大战的胜利阶段,并为美国人民带来了和平的希望和信心。

二、摆脱战争阴影,推进国内建设演说的第二部分,杜鲁门也讨论了国内建设的问题,并表示他将积极努力,尽力为国家带来更好的生活和更多的福利。

同时,他谈到了如何尽快摆脱战争带来的经济负担,从而推动美国经济的快速发展,为人民创造更多的就业机会和更好的生活水平。

在这一部分中,杜鲁门的语言很直白,给人一种平易近人的感觉,鼓励人们积极投身建设工作中去。

三、积极推动全球和平与合作演说的最后一部分,杜鲁门谈到了世界和平和合作问题,呼吁各个国家之间要互相尊重,合作共赢,同时也表示美国将继续积极参与全球事务,为稳定和平作出自己的贡献。

这一部分中,杜鲁门强调了美国的国际义务,表达了美国作为一个世界大国所应承担的责任。

总的来说,这篇演说在语言和内容上都很平易近人,既回顾了过去的历史,又展望了美国的未来,表达了总统对国家和人民的深切关注和负责任的态度。

此外,这篇演说的历史意义也非常深远。

它在一定程度上承前启后,标志着美国成为了军事和经济最强大的国家之一,同时也促进了美国在国际事务中的影响力并加强了美国的全球领导权。

总之,杜鲁门的就职演说是美国历史上的一次重要事件,它不仅表现出了美国作为一个自由民主国家所坚持的价值观,而且也给全球带来了积极的启示和深远的影响。

这篇演说不仅在历史上扮演了重要的角色,而且也为后来的美国历史发展带来了重要的参考和借鉴价值,对人们的思考和理解也都带来了深刻启示和影响。

那些台上说错话纠正的经典案例

那些台上说错话纠正的经典案例

那些台上说错话纠正的经典案例
以下是一些台上说错话纠正的经典案例:
1. 1945年,美国总统杜鲁门在波茨坦会议上向斯大林发出威胁:“如果苏联不肯接受美国提出的关于战后世界的安排,美国将准备撕毁条约并调遣军队参战。

”斯大林拒绝接受杜鲁门的威胁,并就战后世界的安排提出了自己的方案。

杜鲁门意识到自己刚才的讲话有误,立即纠正说:“我刚才的讲话有点儿过头了。

当我提到苏联对战后世界的安排时,我本想表示,我们并不十分关心苏联的行动。


2. 1972年,尼克松访问巴西时在演讲中说:“我访问过70多个国家,没有一个国家比美利坚合众国更快地发展了友好关系。

”由于“70多个国家”与“美利坚合众国”这两句话间隔太近,听众很容易听成“我在70多个国家访问时,没有一个国家比美利坚合众国更快地发展了友好关系。

”尼克松的话一出口,现场听众都愣住了。

尼克松立即意识到自己的讲话出了问题,于是他马上自我纠正:“对不起,我是在美国国内旅行的过程中发展了我们的友好关系。

”现场的听众这才松了一口气,会场也慢慢恢复了平静。

3. 2009年,奥巴马总统在开罗大学发表演讲时说:“穆斯林是和我们一样的人——他们和我们一样聪明、热情、慷慨。

”但是,奥巴马在演讲中停顿了两次,显然他的脑子里还在想应该怎样表达才能避免冒犯在场所有的听众。

最后,奥巴马调整了措辞:“穆斯林和我们一样——我们大家是一样的,我们都是人类。

”奥巴马意识到自己刚才的讲话有误后,马上进行了纠正。

英汉翻译中虚与实的转化

英汉翻译中虚与实的转化
“ 在头两年, 战争方面旳事主要是交给军人们去 处置了……” 。
英汉翻译中旳“虚”与“实”旳转换主 要涉及对英语抽象名词、副词和形容词 旳汉译。
抽象名词“虚”与“实”旳转化
英语多用抽象概念体现详细事物,对于英语不 是母语旳读者来说,许多涵义较广、指称笼统 旳抽象名词难免给人以虚泛、曲隐和微妙不定 旳感觉。抽象名词在英语中使用范围较广,但 在使用方法上多是特指,往往在语境和搭配中 实现其蕴涵旳详细语义,翻译时可由虚转实。
transformation. 在转化过程中出现了许多变化。
Tell me, do our years together mean nothing?
难道我们数年旳厮守就这么一钱不值吗? He’s an influence for good in the town.
他是这城里影响别人行善旳人。
Teaching gives me pace and variety , and challenge and the opportunity to keep on learning.
从事教学使我旳工作进程有了规律,使我旳生活变得 丰富多彩,既向我提出了挑战,也为我提供了不断学 习旳机会。
A firm’s involvement in exporting products can range from a minimal commitment all the way to considering exports as necessary for the firm’s survival and growth.
opt for: choose
Layoff: the act of laying off an employee or a work force

第8章 英汉翻译中“虚”与“实”的转化

第8章 英汉翻译中“虚”与“实”的转化

A good conscience is a soft pillow. 好良心是一只软枕头。 好良心是一只软枕头。→ 良心过得去,睡觉才安稳。 良心过得去,睡觉才安稳。 Kissing doesn’ t last : cookery does ! 甜言蜜语不可靠,粗茶淡饭才长久。 甜言蜜语不可靠,粗茶淡饭才长久。 Love is the mother of love. 情生情,爱生爱。 情生情,爱生爱。 Love lives in cottages as well as in courts. 爱情不分贵与贱。 爱情不分贵与贱。 You should not show your hand to a stranger. 对陌生人要保持戒心。 对陌生人要保持戒心。 When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war. 两雄相遇,必有好斗。 两雄相遇,必有好斗。
…her mountains with bright aerial tints ; her valleys teeming with wild fertility ; her boundless plains waving with spontaneous verdure ; … 她那高山峻岭,霞光映照,五光十色。她那山谷之中, 她那高山峻岭,霞光映照,五光十色。她那山谷之中, 草木繁茂,禽鸟飞鸣;她那一望无垠的大草原, 草木繁茂,禽鸟飞鸣;她那一望无垠的大草原,绿浪 涌动,一碧万顷。 涌动,一碧万顷。 It is in vain to extenuate the matter。 。 想避免事态扩大已经不可能了。 想避免事态扩大已经不可能了。 extenuate the matter(lessen or to try to lessen ( the seriousness or extent of,减轻事态的严重性 , , 大事化小。) 大事化小。)

美国历代总统就职演说--杜鲁门总统,杰弗逊,林肯,罗斯福(中英对照)

美国历代总统就职演说--杜鲁门总统,杰弗逊,林肯,罗斯福(中英对照)

Inaugural Address of Harry S. TrumanTHURSDAY, JANUARY 20, 1949Mr. Vice President, Mr. Chief Justice, and fellow citizens, I acceptwith humility the honor which the American people have conferred uponme. I accept it with a deep resolve to do all that I can for thewelfare of this Nation and for the peace of the world.In performing the duties of my office, I need the help and prayers ofevery one of you. I ask for your encouragement and your support. Thetasks we face are difficult, and we can accomplish them only if we worktogether.Each period of our national history has had its special challenges.Those that confront us now are as momentous as any in the past. Todaymarks the beginning not only of a new administration, but of a periodthat will be eventful, perhaps decisive, for us and for the world.It may be our lot to experience, and in large measure to bring about,a major turning point in the long history of the human race. The firsthalf of this century has been marked by unprecedented and brutalattacks on the rights of man, and by the two most frightful wars inhistory. The supreme need of our time is for men to learn to livetogether in peace and harmony.The peoples of the earth face the future with grave uncertainty,composed almost equally of great hopes and great fears. In this time ofdoubt, they look to the United States as never before for good will,strength, and wise leadership.It is fitting, therefore, that we take this occasion to proclaim tothe world the essential principles of the faith by which we live, andto declare our aims to all peoples.The American people stand firm in the faith which has inspired thisNation from the beginning. We believe that all men have a right toequal justice under law and equal opportunity to share in the commongood. We believe that all men have the right to freedom of thought andexpression. We believe that all men are created equal because they arecreated in the image of God.From this faith we will not be moved.The American people desire, and are determined to work for, a worldin which all nations and all peoples are free to govern themselves asthey see fit, and to achieve a decent and satisfying life. Above allelse, our people desire, and are determined to work for, peace onearth--a just and lasting peace--based on genuine agreement freelyarrived at by equals.In the pursuit of these aims, the United States and other like-minded nations findthemselves directly opposed by a regime withcontrary aims and a totally different concept of life.That regime adheres to a false philosophy which purports to offerfreedom, security, and greater opportunity to mankind. Misled by thisphilosophy, many peoples have sacrificed their liberties only to learnto their sorrow that deceit and mockery, poverty and tyranny, are theirreward.That false philosophy is communism.Communism is based on the belief that man is so weak and inadequatethat he is unable to govern himself, and therefore requires the rule ofstrong masters.Democracy is based on the conviction that man has the moral andintellectual capacity, as well as the inalienable right, to governhimself with reason and justice.Communism subjects the individual to arrest without lawful cause,punishment without trial, and forced labor as the chattel of the state.It decrees what information he shall receive, what art he shallproduce, what leaders he shall follow, and what thoughts he shall think.Democracy maintains that government is established for the benefit ofthe individual, and is charged with the responsibility of protectingthe rights of the individual and his freedom in the exercise of hisabilities.Communism maintains that social wrongs can be corrected only by violence.Democracy has proved that social justice can be achieved through peaceful change.Communism holds that the world is so deeply divided into opposing classes that war is inevitable.Democracy holds that free nations can settle differences justly and maintain lasting peace.These differences between communism and democracy do not concern theUnited States alone. People everywhere are coming to realize that whatis involved is material well-being, human dignity, and the right tobelieve in and worship God.I state these differences, not to draw issues of belief as such, butbecause the actions resulting from the Communist philosophy are athreat to the efforts of free nations to bring about world recovery andlasting peace.Since the end of hostilities, the United States has invested itssubstance and its energy in a great constructive effort to restorepeace, stability, and freedom to the world.We have sought no territory and we have imposed our will on none. Wehave asked for no privileges we would not extend to others.We have constantly and vigorously supported the United Nations andrelated agencies as a means of applying democratic principles tointernational relations. We have consistently advocated and relied uponpeaceful settlement of disputes among nations.We have made every effort to secure agreement on effectiveinternational control of our most powerful weapon, and we have workedsteadily for the limitation and control of all armaments.We have encouraged, by precept and example, the expansion of world trade on a sound and fair basis.Almost a year ago, in company with 16 free nations of Europe, welaunched the greatest cooperative economic program in history. Thepurpose of that unprecedented effort is to invigorate and strengthendemocracy in Europe, so that the free people of that continent canresume their rightful place in the forefront of civilization and cancontribute once more to the security and welfare of the world.Our efforts have brought new hope to all mankind. We have beaten backdespair and defeatism. We have saved a number of countries from losingtheir liberty. Hundreds of millions of people all over the world nowagree with us, that we need not have war--that we can have peace.The initiative is ours.We are moving on with other nations to build an even strongerstructure of international order and justice. We shall have as ourpartners countries which, no longer solely concerned with the problemof national survival, are now working to improve the standards ofliving of all their people. We are ready to undertake new projects tostrengthen the free world.In the coming years, our program for peace and freedom will emphasize four major courses of action.First, we will continue to give unfaltering support to the UnitedNations and related agencies, and we will continue to search for waysto strengthen their authority and increase their effectiveness. Webelieve that the United Nations will be strengthened by the new nationswhich are being formed in lands now advancing toward self-governmentunder democratic principles.Second, we will continue our programs for world economic recovery.This means, first of all, that we must keep our full weight behindthe European recoveryprogram. We are confident of the success of thismajor venture in world recovery. We believe that our partners in thiseffort will achieve the status of self-supporting nations once again.In addition, we must carry out our plans for reducing the barriers toworld trade and increasing its volume. Economic recovery and peaceitself depend on increased world trade.Third, we will strengthen freedom-loving nations against the dangers of aggression.We are now working out with a number of countries a joint agreementdesigned to strengthen the security of the North Atlantic area. Such anagreement would take the form of a collective defense arrangementwithin the terms of the United Nations Charter.We have already established such a defense pact for the Western Hemisphere by the treaty of Rio de Janeiro.The primary purpose of these agreements is to provide unmistakableproof of the joint determination of the free countries to resist armedattack from any quarter. Each country participating in thesearrangements must contribute all it can to the common defense.If we can make it sufficiently clear, in advance, that any armedattack affecting our national security would be met with overwhelmingforce, the armed attack might never occur.I hope soon to send to the Senate a treaty respecting the North Atlantic security plan.In addition, we will provide military advice and equipment to freenations which will cooperate with us in the maintenance of peace andsecurity.Fourth, we must embark on a bold new program for making the benefitsof our scientific advances and industrial progress available for theimprovement and growth of underdeveloped areas.More than half the people of the world are living in conditionsapproaching misery. Their food is inadequate. They are victims ofdisease. Their economic life is primitive and stagnant. Their povertyis a handicap and a threat both to them and to more prosperous areas.For the first time in history, humanity possesses the knowledge and the skill to relieve the suffering of these people.The United States is pre-eminent among nations in the development ofindustrial and scientific techniques. The material resources which wecan afford to use for the assistance of other peoples are limited. Butour imponderable resources in technical knowledge are constantlygrowing and are inexhaustible.I believe that we should make available to peace-loving peoples thebenefits of our store oftechnical knowledge in order to help themrealize their aspirations for a better life. And, in cooperation withother nations, we should foster capital investment in areas needingdevelopment.Our aim should be to help the free peoples of the world, throughtheir own efforts, to produce more food, more clothing, more materialsfor housing, and more mechanical power to lighten their burdens.We invite other countries to pool their technological resources inthis undertaking. Their contributions will be warmly welcomed. Thisshould be a cooperative enterprise in which all nations work togetherthrough the United Nations and its specialized agencies whereverpracticable. It must be a worldwide effort for the achievement ofpeace, plenty, and freedom.With the cooperation of business, private capital, agriculture, andlabor in this country, this program can greatly increase the industrialactivity in other nations and can raise substantially their standardsof living.Such new economic developments must be devised and controlled tobenefit the peoples of the areas in which they are established.Guarantees to the investor must be balanced by guarantees in theinterest of the people whose resources and whose labor go into thesedevelopments.The old imperialism--exploitation for foreign profit--has no place inour plans. What we envisage is a program of development based on theconcepts of democratic fair-dealing.All countries, including our own, will greatly benefit from aconstructive program for the better use of the world's human andnatural resources. Experience shows that our commerce with othercountries expands as they progress industrially and economically.Greater production is the key to prosperity and peace. And the key togreater production is a wider and more vigorous application of modernscientific and technical knowledge.Only by helping the least fortunate of its members to help themselvescan the human family achieve the decent, satisfying life that is theright of all people.Democracy alone can supply the vitalizing force to stir the peoplesof the world into triumphant action, not only against their humanoppressors, but also against their ancient enemies-- hunger, misery,and despair.On the basis of these four major courses of action we hope to helpcreate the conditions that will lead eventually to personal freedom andhappiness for all mankind.If we are to be successful in carrying out these policies, it isclear that we must havecontinued prosperity in this country and wemust keep ourselves strong.Slowly but surely we are weaving a world fabric of international security and growing prosperity.We are aided by all who wish to live in freedom from fear--even by those who live today in fear under their own governments.We are aided by all who want relief from the lies of propaganda-- who desire truth and sincerity.We are aided by all who desire self-government and a voice in deciding their own affairs.We are aided by all who long for economic security--for the security and abundance that men in free societies can enjoy.We are aided by all who desire freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom to live their own lives for useful ends.Our allies are the millions who hunger and thirst after righteousness.In due time, as our stability becomes manifest, as more and morenations come to know the benefits of democracy and to participate ingrowing abundance, I believe that those countries which now oppose uswill abandon their delusions and join with the free nations of theworld in a just settlement of international differences.Events have brought our American democracy to new influence and newresponsibilities. They will test our courage, our devotion to duty, andour concept of liberty.But I say to all men, what we have achieved in liberty, we will surpass in greater liberty.Steadfast in our faith in the Almighty, we will advance toward a world where man's freedom is secure.To that end we will devote our strength, our resources, and ourfirmness of resolve. With God's help, the future of mankind will beassured in a world of justice, harmony, and peace.【中文译文】:四项主要的行动方针哈里-杜鲁门就职演讲星期四,1949年1月20日我国历史上的各个时期都面临过特殊的挑战。

麦克阿瑟在日本投降仪式上的演说

麦克阿瑟在日本投降仪式上的演说
一个新的时代来到我们这里了。甚至胜利本身的教益也带来了对我们未来的安全和文明的继续生存的深度关切。由于科学发展日新月异,战争潜力的破坏性事实上已经到达要修改传统战争观念的时刻了。
பைடு நூலகம்
人类一开始就开始寻求和平。多少世纪以来,他们用种种方法企图设想一种国际作用来防止或解决国与国之间的争端。最初就一个个公民而言,从一开始就找到了一些切实可行的方法,但是更大范围的工具的构成从未取得成效。军事同盟、权力平衡、国际联盟都一一归于失败,留下的唯一的途径是经过战争这个熔炉。
今天我们在东京回想起92年前我国同胞海军准将培理。他的目的是通过对世界的友谊、贸易和交往揭起锁国帷幕给日本带来一个开明和进步的时代。但遗憾得很,由此而得到的关于西方科学的知识却被铸成一种对人压迫和奴役的工具了。言论自由、行动自由乃至思想自由都通过诉诸迷信和使用武力而被剥夺了。我们由于原则性的波茨坦宣言而承担了务必使日本人民从被奴役的条件下解放出来的义务。我们的目的是,军队复员以及采取其他必不可少的抵消战争潜力的步骤,尽快地去实施上述承诺。
我的殷切希望,其实也是全人类的希望,是从这尊严时刻起,由过去流血和屠杀中出现一个较好的世界,建立在信义和谅解之上的世界,奉献于人类尊严和人最珍爱的愿望——自由、容忍和正义——之实现。
要在这里提出和接受的日本帝国武装部队投降的条件条款,都载于你们面前的投降文件中。作为盟国最高统帅,我宣布按照我所代表的各国传统,开始以正义和容忍的精神执行我的责任,同时采取一切必要的处置,借以保证投降条件完全地、迅速地、忠实地得到遵守。
自从巴丹和科雷吉多尔那些严酷的日子以来,全世界生活在恐怖之中,民主政治处处居于守势,现代文明处在危险的紧急关头,我一回想到这段漫长曲折的崎岖道路,我就感谢仁慈的上帝,他给我们以铸成胜利的信仰、勇气和力量。我们体验了失败的痛苦和胜利的喜悦,并从中悟到不能走回头路。我们必须前进,在和平中维护用战争赢得的东西。

著名英语演讲

著名英语演讲

目录第一部分美国总统演说亚伯拉罕·林肯:葛底斯堡演说富兰克林·罗斯福:第一次就职演说富兰克林·罗斯福:论四大自由富兰克林·罗斯福:向日本宣战哈里·杜鲁门:在日本投降时发表的广播演说哈里·杜鲁门:杜鲁门主义德怀特·艾森豪威尔:告别演说约翰·F·旨尼迪:第一次就职演况约翰·F·肯尼迪:美国大学毕业典礼演讲林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊:我们会战胜理查德·尼克松:告别白宫罗纳德·里根:第一次就职演说罗纳德·里根:怀念挑战者号宇航员比尔·克林顿:告别演说比尔·克林顿:2004民主党全国大会演说乔治·W·布什:针对9·11恐怖分子袭击在参众议院联席会议上发表的演说乔治·W·布什:清华大学演讲乔治·W·布什:纪念哥伦比亚号宇航员乔治·W·布什:2004大选获胜时的演讲乔治·W·布什:第二次就职演说第二部分著名人士演说温德尔·威基:忠诚的反对党德怀特·艾森豪威尔:反攻动员令欧内斯特·海明威:接受诺贝尔奖时的演说乔治·C·马歇尔:马歇尔计划威廉·福克纳:接受诺贝尔奖时的演说道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟:结束军事生涯之际的演说阿德莱·史蒂文森:接受提名马丁·路德·金:我有一个梦马丁·路德·金:打破沉默的时候罗伯特·肯尼迪:马丁·路德·金之死斯皮罗·西奥多·阿格纽:电视新闻覆盖率芭芭拉·布什:威尔斯莉学院毕业典礼上的讲话玛丽·费雪:艾滋的低语柯林·鲍威尔:我的美国之旅查尔顿·赫斯顿:赢得文化战争伊利·威塞尔:冷漠的危险希拉里·克林顿:竞选纽约参议员的演讲史蒂夫·马丁及凯瑟琳·泽塔-琼斯:第七十三届奥斯卡颁奖晚会。

难忘一九四五年九月九日

难忘一九四五年九月九日

难忘一九四五年九月九日作者:胡兆才来源:《决策与信息》2013年第02期1945年,第二次世界大战中的湘西雪峰战役前后,蓄势已久的反法西斯正义力量,正以排山倒海之势、雷霆万钧之力,摧枯拉朽地打击法西斯。

欧洲战场上,苏联军队强渡粤得河,进入波兰,对柏林展开最后的反攻。

西线盟军,此刻也从法国进入了德国作战。

在太平洋战场上,美军占领莱特岛,日军一败涂地,海军几乎倾巢覆没不说,光是地面部队伤亡人数就达7万余人;一个多月后,硫磺岛的血战又是惨不忍睹,守岛的两万日军除216人被俘,其余尽歼;到了3月24日,日本本土最后一个前卫堡垒——冲绳岛,也被美军捣了个底朝天,11万日本陆军阵亡,20万岛民葬身于火海。

之后,东京、横滨、神户、大阪等重要城市,在美军“超级空中堡垒”的呼啸声中,相继变成废墟和焦土,几乎全日本都是火光冲天,硝烟滚滚。

纳粹德国禁不住苏军和盟军的毁灭性打击,5月8日宣布无条件投降。

美、中、英三国在7月以宣言的形式,发表《波茨坦公告》,警告日本,再不投降即将遭到毁灭性打击。

然而,日本的战车没有刹住。

8月6日,美国在日本的广岛和长崎丢下了原子弹,杀伤日本人民20万,给了日本政府致命的毁灭性打击。

两天后,8月8日,苏联正式对日宣战,9日,苏军远东军兵分三路,万炮齐鸣,震撼天地,在5000辆坦克的掩护下,同时向中国东北和朝鲜迅猛推进,日军措手不及,仓促应战,不到一周,号称百万的关东军烟消灰灭。

8月9日,中国共产党主席毛泽东发表了《对日寇的最后一战》声明,号召“中国人民的一切抗日力量应举行全国规模的反攻,密切而有效地配合苏联及其他同盟国作战”。

解放区军民在党和毛泽东领导下,各路大军神速作战,取得了伟大胜利。

八路军、新四军共毙伤日伪军35万人,攻克和收复县城250座、据点740个,解放国土31.5万平方公里,解放人口1870余万,并使解放区连成一片。

在世界性的“老鼠过街人人喊打”的浪潮中,日本政府诚惶诚恐,没有任何方式能够阻挡这股强大的反法西斯新生力量。

铁幕演说的内容有哪些

铁幕演说的内容有哪些

铁幕演说的内容有哪些铁幕演说的内容铁幕演说是英国首相丘吉尔在美国总统杜鲁门的陪同下在杜鲁门的母校威斯敏斯特学院发表的题为“和平砥柱”的演讲,在这次演讲中丘吉尔作为西方国家身份最高的政治家第一次公开的指责苏联,宣布美英等国家需要联合起来抵制苏联的扩张,所以人们一般认为铁幕演说的内容就是英美等国家宣拉开了与苏联冷战的大幕。

铁幕演说的内容是赤裸裸的宣布帝国主义国家对苏联不满,并且将要联合起来与苏联进行斗争,但是这种斗争不希望采取武力的方式进行,需要采取一些其它的方式遏制苏联的扩张。

丘吉尔在演说中公开攻击苏联“扩张”,宣称“从波罗的海的什切青到亚得里亚海边的里雅斯特,一幅横贯欧洲大陆的铁幕已经降落下来”,苏联对“铁幕”以东的中欧、东欧国家进行日益增强的高压控制。

对苏联的扩张,英法美等帝国主义国家不能采取“绥靖政策”。

铁幕演说宣称美国正高踞于世界权力的顶峰,应担负起未来的责任。

主张英、美结成同盟,英语民族联合起来,制止苏联的“侵略”。

丘吉尔铁幕演说的内容可以说是一篇反共反社会主义的宣言,也可以看做是对战后新形势下的国际关系重新划分的宣言,在这次演说中丘吉尔表明自己将与美国、法国等资本主义大国一起遏制苏联等社会主义国家势力的扩张,同时认为这种帝国主义国家的联合会有一个光明的未来,所以人们一般认为丘吉尔的铁幕演说拉开了资本主义和社会主义两大阵营的冷战大幕。

铁幕演说的实质铁幕演说是英国首相丘吉尔在美国总统杜鲁门的母校威斯敏斯特学院发表的演说,这次演说的主要内容就是呼吁美国政府与英国一起抵制苏联的扩张,遏制苏联的发展,铁幕演说是在美国总统杜鲁门的精心安排之下进行的,可以说丘吉尔的主张也就是美国总统杜鲁门的主张。

下面说一下铁幕演说的实质。

铁幕演说是在二战之后美国经济实力跃居全球第一,而英国的经济实力下降成为二等强国的时候发表的,是英国向美国示好,拉拢美国与自己站立在同一阵营中的一次演说,这次演说的最终目的是与美国结成联盟,共同对抗苏联的社会主义国家的扩张。

著名企业英语演讲稿

著名企业英语演讲稿

著名企业英语演讲稿篇一:著名英语演讲目录第一部分美国总统演说亚伯拉罕·林肯:葛底斯堡演说富兰克林·罗斯福:第一次就职演说富兰克林·罗斯福:论四大自由富兰克林·罗斯福:向日本宣战哈里·杜鲁门:在日本投降时发表的广播演说哈里·杜鲁门:杜鲁门主义德怀特·艾森豪威尔:告别演说约翰·F·旨尼迪:第一次就职演况约翰·F·肯尼迪:美国大学毕业典礼演讲林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊:我们会战胜理查德·尼克松:告别白宫罗纳德·里根:第一次就职演说罗纳德·里根:怀念挑战者号宇航员比尔·克林顿:告别演说比尔·克林顿:XX民主党全国大会演说乔治·W·布什:针对9·11恐怖分子袭击在参众议院联席会议上发表的演说乔治·W·布什:清华大学演讲乔治·W·布什:纪念哥伦比亚号宇航员乔治·W·布什:XX大选获胜时的演讲乔治·W·布什:第二次就职演说第二部分著名人士演说温德尔·威基:忠诚的反对党德怀特·艾森豪威尔:反攻动员令欧内斯特·海明威:接受诺贝尔奖时的演说乔治·C·马歇尔:马歇尔计划威廉·福克纳:接受诺贝尔奖时的演说道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟:结束军事生涯之际的演说阿德莱·史蒂文森:接受提名马丁·路德·金:我有一个梦马丁·路德·金:打破沉默的时候罗伯特·肯尼迪:马丁·路德·金之死斯皮罗·西奥多·阿格纽:电视新闻覆盖率芭芭拉·布什:威尔斯莉学院毕业典礼上的讲话玛丽·费雪:艾滋的低语柯林·鲍威尔:我的美国之旅查尔顿·赫斯顿:赢得文化战争伊利·威塞尔:冷漠的危险希拉里·克林顿:竞选纽约参议员的演讲史蒂夫·马丁及凯瑟琳·泽塔-琼斯:第七十三届奥斯卡颁奖晚会篇二:领导力英语演讲稿A good leadership is indispensable for any government, business ororganization. Qualities of a Good Leader and Leadership Abilities are essential to actuate others and achieve the desired goals. Different strategies and leadership styles are used to achieve the goals oforganization. A leader or executive directs and guides its subordinates to achieve the goals. Leaders are an essential and most significant part of any organization, which have responsibilities to set organizational goals, develop visions of future, motivate and influence subordinates and organization members to attain the goals. Leadership is one of the most important functions of any organization which is essential for maximization of efficiency and attainment of organizational goals.A leader’s job is not an easy and facile job. it is one of the mostchallenging jobs with huge responsibilities, and without specific leadership skills and qualities, it is hard to attain the desired goals. Organizations with highly enthusiastic, esteemed and skillful leaders get their goals efficiently and touch the skies of success.a leader has a set of challenging responsibilities like initiation, guidance, motivation ,building confidence and morale, building a sense of coordination and proper working environment. An effective leadership withsufficient managerial capabilities and leadership skills is an asset and key to success for any organization. To be a successful leader some leadership qualities requisites are really essential. Some qualities of a good leader are described below.: A honest leader is a precious asset to any organization. A leader must be honest with his organization and organizational workers as well. Honesty is one of the most essential qualities of a good leader. A good leader never compromise on organizational interests and never loose his integrity.and sincerity: A dedicated leader is always respected by others due to his professional approach.a good leader is always an inspirational source for his workers, due to his dedication and sincerity.and focus: A good leader always has a vision of future and possible circumstances of future. Visionary approach is also one of the most indispensable qualities of a good leader. a leader with visionary approach is able to look beyond common sight. And thenhe takes appropriate decisions according to possible circumstances of future. Future risk management is also related to this aspect of leadership qualities. a good leader must have an ability to visualize different situations. a proper focus on work and organizational goals, is of equal importance along with the vision of future.interpersonal communication skills: Communication skills are one of the most essential qualities of a good leader. As a leader has to communicate with others frequently, when you a have good communication skills and able to express what you want, then you can achieve the best.effective communication is necessary to develop good working relations, which are a requisite to attain the desired goals of an organization.capabilities: A good leader has an ability to motivate and incite his subordinates and workers to get the desired results or desired quality and quantity of the work. Motivation capabilities are one of the key qualities of a good leader. a good leader continues tomotivate and influence hissubordinates. This is very essential and effective to create a good working environment and attainment of good results. A good leader prefers the safety of workers and motivates workers adopt safety measures. He actuates them to work better improve the quality of work. he announces incentives and bonuses for hardworking workers. a good leader also announces awards and proper rewards for his subordinates in case of hard work and quality of work. These incentives and rewards are a true source of motivation for his workers.: Consistency is one of the qualities of a good leader which have crucial importance. A good leader must be consistent in his approach as well as decisions.a good leader has some specific style ofleadership. He must be consistent to maintain his specific style. Inconsistency leads to failures. A good leader must avoid different approaches ormodifications. a sensible leader has a constant working approach with a little tolerance of modifications if necessary. Simple and consistentleadership approach leads to a successful leader.power and self esteem: Will power and self confidence are key qualities of a good leader. a good leader must have self confidence if he wants to earn the confidence of his subordinates. Self confidence is also necessary while taking particular decisions. a good leader is aware and confidents that his decisions are in the interest of organization and organizational members. Will power is also a requisite for effective leadership. A leader must know himself and able to control himself resolutely.of Work: Knowledge of work is also one of the most essential qualities of a good leader. a good leader always knows about the work being accomplished and resources and man power required for a specific task. Sufficient knowledge about the work helps to make appropriate decisions.: A good leader has always patience and calmness. These are one of the crucial qualities necessary for a good leader. A good leader does not loose his temper and always take decisions with a cool and peaceful mindafter analyzing the whole situation. capability according to the circumstances. Decision making is one of the most crucial qualities of a good leader. A good leader always appreciatessuggestions from its subordinated and low level management, but takes thelast decision after analyzing whole situation. Some crucial moments also demand some daring and bold decisions. a leader having decision making capabilities can cope with different crucial circumstances篇三:产品介绍英语演讲稿公司及产品讲稿各位亲爱的家人(朋友或伙伴们):大家上午(下午)好!我是大漠紫光非常荣幸今天由我来介绍一下我们公司及产品(打招呼表示感谢)(塑造产品价值,突出产品独特卖点,引发强烈兴趣)各位亲爱的伙伴们在进入主题之前我可不可以和大家先做一下友好的互动(可以),请问大家我们每个人都特别渴望让自己变得更年轻长寿对不对(对),我们每个人都渴望让自己远离疾病与痛苦是不是(是的),我们每个人都特别想吃到营养全面最健康的食品对吗(对的)!但是我想讲的是现代科技尽管如此发达,人们的生活水平得到了显著提高,但是现代人的死亡率却在逐渐呈现年轻化,普遍化的趋势。

杜鲁门的二战演说稿背景资料

杜鲁门的二战演说稿背景资料

杜鲁门的二战演说稿背景资料一. 介绍二战演说的背景1.1 第二次世界大战的爆发1.2 杜鲁门成为美国总统1.3 美国在二战中的角色二. 杜鲁门的二战演说2.1 第一次演说:对日本宣战2.1.1 内容概述2.1.2 演说目的2.2 第二次演说:对纳粹德国宣战2.2.1 内容概述2.2.2 演说目的2.3 第三次演说:战争结束后的展望2.3.1 内容概述2.3.2 演说目的三. 演说对二战的影响3.1 国内反应3.2 国际反应3.3 对战争进程的影响四. 结论4.1 演说对二战结果的影响4.2 杜鲁门在战争中的领导作用一. 介绍二战演说的背景1.1 第二次世界大战的爆发第二次世界大战爆发于1939年,当时纳粹德国入侵波兰,引发了全球性的冲突。

随着战争的发展,更多国家卷入其中,形成了两个大国阵营:同盟国和轴心国。

1.2 杜鲁门成为美国总统1945年,富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统逝世后,哈里·S·杜鲁门成为美国总统。

杜鲁门承袭了罗斯福的战争政策,决心与同盟国合作并最终战胜轴心国。

1.3 美国在二战中的角色美国在二战中成为了一个重要的力量,由于它的军事实力和生产能力,对抗轴心国起到了至关重要的作用。

杜鲁门成为了这个关键时刻的领导者,他通过一系列演讲来激励和鼓舞国家。

二. 杜鲁门的二战演说2.1 第一次演说:对日本宣战2.1.1 内容概述杜鲁门总统在1941年12月8日发表的演说中,宣布美国对日本的宣战。

他谈到了日本袭击珍珠港的事件,并表示决意以美国和同盟国的力量击败日本。

2.1.2 演说目的这次演说的目的是激励国民意志,唤起对日本侵略行为的愤怒,并确保国家团结在一起与敌人抗争。

2.2 第二次演说:对纳粹德国宣战2.2.1 内容概述杜鲁门总统在1941年12月11日发表的演说中,宣布美国对纳粹德国的宣战。

他强调了纳粹德国对世界和平的威胁,并号召与同盟国一起为正义而战。

2.2.2 演说目的这次演说的目的是进一步巩固同盟国之间的团结,展示美国对于战胜纳粹德国的决心,并增强国内国际舆论的支持。

杜鲁门就职演说

杜鲁门就职演说

杜鲁门就职演说杜鲁门就职演说是20世纪美国历史上具有重要意义的一次演说。

1949年1月20日,哈里·S·杜鲁门宣誓就职成为美国第33任总统,并在就职典礼上发表了这篇演说。

杜鲁门在演讲中谈到了世界面临的新挑战和美国的角色,强调了国际合作的重要性,以及美国日益承担的责任。

以下将对杜鲁门就职演说进行分析和解读。

首先,杜鲁门演讲的开头部分是向前任总统富兰克林·D·罗斯福致敬,表示他将继续坚持新政策。

他还提到了二战结束后世界所面临的重重困难和挑战,其中包括战后重建、全球安全和经济繁荣等问题。

这一部分的演讲展现了杜鲁门的决心和对未来的关注。

接着,杜鲁门讲到了美国国内的问题,强调了民主、个人自由和经济繁荣的重要性。

他提到了“五大自由”,包括言论自由、宗教自由、免于恐惧和免于匮乏等。

这一部分的演讲体现了杜鲁门对美国核心价值观的坚守,并向全世界宣示了美国的理念和价值观。

然后,杜鲁门转向国际议题,强调了国际安全与和平的重要性。

他谈到了美国在二战结束后所承担的责任,以及美国将发挥的领导作用。

他提到了联合国的重要性,并呼吁各国共同合作解决全球问题。

这一部分的演讲显示了杜鲁门对国际合作的重视,以及美国在世界舞台上的角色。

最后,杜鲁门表达了对美国人民的期望和信心。

他鼓励美国人民团结一心,面对未来的挑战。

他强调了美国人民的勇气、智慧和努力的重要性。

他表示,只有通过国内团结和国际合作,美国才能实现繁荣和和平。

这一部分的演讲充满了希望和自信,激励了全国人民为美国的未来而努力奋斗。

总结起来,杜鲁门就职演说是一篇具有历史意义的演讲。

杜鲁门在演讲中强调了世界面临的新挑战和美国的角色,强调了民主、自由和国际合作的重要性,以及美国人民的勇气和智慧。

这篇演说展示了杜鲁门对美国和世界的愿景,鼓舞了全国人民团结一心,为实现美国的繁荣和和平而努力。

《波茨坦公告》的历史真相

《波茨坦公告》的历史真相

龙源期刊网 《波茨坦公告》的历史真相作者:褚静涛来源:《百姓生活》2015年第11期今年7月26日是《波茨坦公告》发表70周年纪念日。

中国社科院近代史研究所副研究员褚静涛撰文,带我们重温《波茨坦公告》发表前后的历史细节。

蒋介石为没看到全文发怒1945年5月,德国无条件投降,欧洲反法西斯战争胜利结束,日本军国主义仍负隅顽抗。

为了解决战后欧洲问题和对德国处理问题,7月17日到8月2日,美、英、苏三国首脑杜鲁门、丘吉尔(7月28日以后是新任首相艾德礼)和斯大林在柏林近郊的波茨坦举行会晤。

7月16日,美国第一颗原子弹试爆成功。

第二天,美国陆军部长史汀生坐飞机到波茨坦,告知杜鲁门试验的详情。

7月24日,杜鲁门偶然对斯大林提到,“我们拥有一种破坏力特别巨大的新武器”。

斯大林说,希望美国“好好运用它来对付日本”。

杜鲁门认为,凭借原子弹的巨大威力足以迫使日本投降。

美国秘密起草了一份“美、英、苏、中四国领导人促令日本无条件投降之公告”。

杜鲁门带着这份草稿来到会场,丘吉尔过目后同意发表。

杜鲁门征询斯大林的意见。

因苏联尚未与日本断交,斯大林没有答应美国。

7月25日下午,丘吉尔必须赶回伦敦参加大选。

杜鲁门想在丘吉尔离开波茨坦前发表公告,便于24日密电蒋介石,称准备发表一份促使日本无条件投降的公告,由美、英、中共同发表,要求他尽快回复。

7月25日,在重庆的蒋介石接到密电后非常气愤,强烈要求杜鲁门必须将公告全文发给他看,称如果没有侵犯中国利益的条款,他才同意将中国国名签署在文件上。

美国驻华大使赫尔利解释,时间非常紧急,如果中国不参与发表,可能会丧失一个历史性机会。

蒋介石说,宁愿丧失这个机会,也要坚持原则。

杜鲁门没有办法,最后下令将公告全文发给蒋介石。

《波茨坦公告》是《美、中、英三国领导人公告》的简称7月26日晨,蒋介石接到电文,翻译出来后,他一看,是美国和英国领衔。

他提出,中国名字必须要排在第二位,否则不参与发表。

杜鲁门在回忆录中说:“为了迎合蒋介石的心意,公告就作了这项改动。

如何设置演讲的“兴奋点”

如何设置演讲的“兴奋点”

如何设置演讲的“兴奋点”所谓兴奋点,是指散落在演讲稿中那些富有激情,容易对听众产生较强刺激或引起其高度重视、能产生强烈共鸣的词句。

在演讲稿中设置兴奋点,不但能有效地引发演讲者的深入联想,有利于增强演讲者的自信心,使演讲更加生动感人,而且会让听众时刻跟着演讲者的思维转。

这样,台上台下就会同呼吸、共悲欢,形成讲与听的整体效应。

1、酝酿浓厚情感,留出掌声空间掌声能够活跃会场气氛,给演讲者以“感情回报”,使之心情更加愉快,思维更加敏捷,也能给听众以陶冶,使之更加认真投入。

掌声的调剂会使演讲产生强烈的现场感染力。

因此起草演讲稿时应有意识地给掌声留出一定的空间。

这就需要在演讲稿中主动运用那些带有浓厚感情色彩、充满激情的语言,那些立场鲜明、见解独到、能够给听众以深刻启迪的语言和那些热情歌颂真善美、无情鞭挞假恶丑的语言。

这些语言能让听众受到激励、鼓舞和启发,从而自发地鼓掌。

具体而言,一种是感情澎湃、妙语连珠。

如闻一多《最后一次讲演》中的:“这是某集团的无耻,恰是李先生的光荣!李先生在昆明被暗杀,是李先生留给昆明的光荣!也是昆明人的光荣!”一种是“寓情感于情理之中,发掌声于妙语之外”。

我都将一往无前,义无反顾,鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已!”铿锵的话语赢得了满堂的掌声。

2、设置兴奋语言,满足听众心理所有能够引起听众兴趣和热切关注的事例、名言、佳句和精辟独到的见解都属兴奋点的范畴。

在演讲稿中,按照演讲内容需要,有计划、有目的地选取一些兴奋语言,绵延不断地“埋设”在演讲稿中,让它像星星一样闪烁,像眼睛一样放射出睿智的光芒,会拉近演讲者和听众的心理距离,满足听众的心理需要,但要讲求顺理成章、水到渠成,千万不能不顾对象,故弄玄虚,刻意求工。

美国总统杜鲁门在日本投降时发表的广播演说中,首先把人们的注意力集中到了日本签署无条件投降的美军军舰密苏里号上,接着又回顾了四年前的珍珠港事件,让所有美国人的心都为之跳动,在缅怀亲人的同时,阐明这是自由对暴政的胜利,并认定“胜利后的明天将是全世界和平与繁荣的希望”。

波茨坦公告简

波茨坦公告简

《波茨坦公告》,是1945年7月26日在波茨坦会议上美国总统哈利·S·杜鲁门、中华民国1945年7月17日,苏美英三国首脑在柏林近郊波茨坦举行会议,会议期间发表对日最后通牒式公告。

由美国起草,英国同意。

中国没有参加会议,但公告发表前征得了他的同意。

苏联于8月8日对日宣战后加入该公告。

上述目的达到和成立和平责任政府后,盟国占领军立即撤退。

8月14日,日本天皇宣布接受波茨坦公告,向盟军投降。

编辑本段详细经过全称《中美英三国促令日本投降之波茨坦公告》,亦称《波茨坦宣言》。

波茨坦会议期间,中国、美国和英国于1945年7月26日发表,苏联于同年8月8日加入。

公告是在法西斯德国已经投降,日军在亚洲和太平洋战场屡遭失败、行将彻底崩溃的背景下产生的。

当时,美国由于原子弹试爆成功,认为不借助苏联的力量促使日本投降的条件已经具备,便由早先急切希望苏联对日作战,转为担心苏联对日参战会影响其独占日本及在远东的战略地位。

在此情况下,美国总统H.S.杜鲁门与英国首相W.L.S.丘吉尔在波茨坦会议期间,就美陆军部长H.L.史汀生起草的敦促日本无条件投降的备忘录进行协商修改,并在电请蒋介石签字后,以三国政府公告形式发表。

公告的发表使日本统治集团十分恐慌。

同年8月6日、9日,美国分别在广岛和长崎投下原子弹;9日,苏联对日作战。

日本政府被迫于10日通过中立国瑞士向中、美、英、苏发出乞降照会。

8月15日,日本天皇裕仁发表接受《波茨坦公告》的停战诏书,宣布无条件投降。

1945年7月26日在波茨坦会议上美国总统哈利·S·杜鲁门、中华民国国民政府主席蒋介石和英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔联合发表了一份公告《中美英三国促令日本投降之波茨坦公告》,简称《波茨坦公告》或《波茨坦宣言》。

这篇公告的主要内容是声明三国在战胜纳粹德国后一起致力于战胜日本以及履行开罗宣言等对战后对日本的处理方式的决定。

1945年7月17日,美、英、中三国首脑和外长在柏林西南波茨坦举行会议。

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日本军国主义者也不会忘记美同军舰密苏里号。
日本军阀犯下的罪行是无法弥补,也无法忘却的。但是他们的破坏和屠
杀力量已经被剥夺了。现在他们的陆军以及剩下的海军已经毫不足惧了。
……
当然,我们首先怀着深深感激之情想到的,是在这场可怕的战争中牺牲
或受到伤残的亲人们。在陆地、海洋和天空,无数美国男、女公民奉献出他
纤维,供应我们的海、陆军以及世界各地的盟国;我们的矿山与工厂生产出
各种原料与成品,装备我们,战胜敌人。
然而,这一切的后盾是一个自由民族的意志、精神与决心。这个民族知
道自由意味着什么,他们知道为了保持自由,值得付出任何代价。
正是这种自由精神给予我们以武装力量,使士兵在战场上战无不胜。现
我以美国总统的身份宣布1945年9月2 日星期日——日本正式投降的日
子——为太平洋战场胜利纪念日。这一天还不是正式停战和停止敌对行为的
日子,但是我们美国人将永远记住,这是报仇雪耻的一天,正如我们将永远
记住另一天是国耻日一样。
从这一天开始,我们将走向一个国内安全的新时期,我们将和其他国家
上都集中在密苏里号军舰上。在这停泊于东京港口的一小块美国领土上,日
本人刚刚正式放下武器,签署了无条件投降。
四年前,整个文明世界的心思与恐惧集中在美国另一块土地上——珍珠
港。那里曾发生的对文明的巨大威胁,现在已经解除了。从那里通到东京的
是一条漫长的、洒满鲜血的道路。
我们不会忘记珍珠港。
在,我们知道,这种自由的精神、个人的自由以及人类的个人尊严是世界上
最强大、最坚韧、最持久的力量。
胜利是值得欢庆的,同时有其负担和责任。
但是,我们以极大的信心与希望面对未来及其一切艰险。美国能够为自
己造就一个得到充分就业与安全的未来。同联合国一起,美国能够建立一个
以正义、公平交往与忍让为基础的和平世界。
在日本投降时发表的广播演说 【美国】杜鲁门(1884~1972)
杜鲁门,民主党人,美国第三十三任总统 (1945~1953)。这是他在日
本宣布无条件投降后发表的广播演说。
全国同胞们:
全美国的心思和希望——事实上整个文明世界的心思和希望——今天晚
稍感安慰。我们活着的人们,有责任保证使这次胜利成为一座纪念碑,以纪
念那些为此牺牲的烈士。
……
这次胜利不仅是军事上的胜利。这是自由对暴政的胜利。
我们的兵工厂源源生产出坦克、飞机,直捣敌人的心脏;我们的船坞源
源制造出战舰、沟通世界各大洋,供应武器与装备;我们的农场生产出食物、
一同走向一个国与国之间和平、友善和合作的更美好的新世界。
上帝帮助我们取得了今天的胜利。在未来的年月,我们仍将在上帝的帮
助下得到我们以及全世界的和平与繁荣。
们的生命,换来今日的最后胜利,使世界文明得以保存。但是,无论多么巨
大的胜利都无法弥补他们的损失。
我们想到那些在战争中忍受亲人死亡的悲痛的人们,死亡夺去了他们挚
爱的丈夫、儿子、兄弟和姐妹。无论多么巨大的胜利也不能使他们和亲人重
聚了。
只有当他们知道亲ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้流血牺牲换来的胜利会被明智地运用时,他们才会
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