托福[综合+独立]写作TPO44文本+题目
托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
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为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文,希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文文本: In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States. Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to North America by European explorers known as the Norse, who traveled across the Atlantic Ocean and came into contact with Native Americans almost a thousand years ago. However, some archaeologists believe that the coin is not a genuine piece of historical evidence but a historical fake; they think that the coin was placed at the site recently by someone who wanted to mislead the public. There are three main reasons why some archaeologists believe that the coin is not genuine historical evidence. Great Distance from Norse Settlements First, the Native American site in Maine where the coin was discovered is located very far from other sites documenting a Norse presence in North America. Remains of Norse settlements have been discovered in far eastern Canada. The distance between the Maine site and the Norse settlements in Canada is more than a thousand kilometers, suggesting the coin has no real connection with the settlements. No Other Coins Found A second problem is that no other coins have been found at the Canadian sites that were inhabited by the Norse. This suggests that the Norse did not bring any silver coins with them to their North American settlements. Third, the Norse who traveled to North America would have understood that silver coins would most likely be useless to them. Silver coins may have been in wide use in Europe at the time, but the Norse, as experienced explorers, would have known that native North Americans did not recognize silver coins as money. 托福TPO44综合写作听力原文文本: Professor: Actually many archaeologists believe that the coin discussed in the reading is not a fake. They believe it represents genuine evidence that the Norse came into contact with Native Americans a thousand years ago. First, the great distance of the Maine site from the Norse settlements in Canada. Well, many other objects found at that same Native American site had come from faraway places. Not just the coin. There's a perfectly reasonable historical explanation for these objects. The Native Americans who lived at the Maine site traveled great distances within North America. They were interested in obtaining objects from faraway places. The Native Americans could have reached the Norse settlements during their travels and brought the silver coin back to Maine. Second, does the fact that we found no other coins at Norse settlements mean that the Norse didn't bring any coins with them? Not necessarily. The Norse didn't create permanent settlements in North America. At some point, they went back to Europe. Whenthey packed for their return voyage, they packed up all their valuable possessions. They would have packed up all silver coins they had as well. So it's completely possible that the Norse had originally brought the coins with them to North America, but when they returned to Europe, they took the coins back with them. Third, it's true that Native Americans wouldn't have viewed coins as money in the same way we do today or the way the Norse did in Europe. But the Norse probably knew that the Native Americans valued attractive or unusual objects. Silver coins might have been very appealing because of their beauty. For example, they could have been used in necklaces or other types of jewelry. As long as Native Americans found the coins interesting and beautiful, the Norse could have used the coins to trade with them. 托福TPO44综合写作满分范文: The reading mainly presents that there are three evidences to prove the coin was not brought by Norse to America. However, the listening challenges what are stated in the passage by providing three strong evidences. Firstly, in the reading, it is said that the location of Marine was so far from Norse sites in Canada. They had no relation with each other. In contrast, the listening holds an opposed view that Native Americans travelled over a thousand kilometers to Norse’s settlement and brought back the coin. Secondly, the passage asserts that there are no other kind of coins found in the Norse’s site. That means that Norse has no coins in the Native America. However, the professor also maintains an opposite opinion that Norse didn't stayed at a place forever. When they returned back to Europe, they took away the valuable silver coins. Finally, the author of reading passage believes that the North understand that the coin is not the most widely accepted form of Native American’s currency. On the other hand, the lecturer disagrees it with the point that Native Americans prefer the valuable or unique items. So the Norse can utilize the coin trade with the Native Americans. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文,希望对你有所帮助!。
托福TPO44口语Task2题目+满分范文
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为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福TPO44口语Task2题目+满分范文,希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO44独立口语Task2题目: Some people believe that primary schools should no longer teach children how to write by hand, and instead should spend time teaching them how to type on a computer. Other people believe that it is still important for schools to teach children to have good handwriting. Which point of view do you agree with? Explain why. 托福TPO44独立口语Task2满分范文: It is unquestionable that primary students should learn how to write by hand, as computer continues barriers to people’s communication in the society. Firstly, writing things out by hand may be a critical way we train our brains. What’s more, handwriting helps children learn letters and shapes, improves their composition of ideas, and may also boost fine-motor skills development. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO44口语Task2题目+满分范文,希望对你有所帮助!。
TPO44综合写作
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Three arguments in the passage support that the silver coin discovered at a Native American archaeological site is a false historical evidence. However, the professor in the lecture contradicts all of them.First of all, the author argues that the distance between the site where the coin was found and the settlements where the Norse lived is more than 1000 kilometers, which means there is no real relationship. However, the professor refutes this idea by claiming that other objects from far away places have also been found in Maine not just coins. Besides, native Americans living in Maine site would travel long distances around North America and bring back what they were interested in. So it is possible that the Native American has reached the Norse site and bring the silver coin back with them.Second, the author states that no other coins have been discovered at the Canadian sites where the Norse inhabited. However, the professor maintains that it does not mean the Norse did not bring the silver coins with them. Actually the Norse did not have permanent habitats in Canada, and they at some point moved back to Europe. And when they moved back to Europe, they have brought all their valuable possessions including coins back with them. So it is possible that they brought coins with them to North America originally and took them back to Europe later.Third, the passage suggests that the Norse were experienced travelers who knew the Native Americans did not regard the coins as money, so the Norse would not bring the coins with them. On the contrary, the professor claims that experienced travelers like the Norse knew that Native Americans were interested in attractive and unusual things like coins, so the coins might be appealing because of the beauty. For example, they could use the coins to make necklaces or jewelries. Once the Norse found the Native Americans were interested in coins, they would use the coin to trade with the Native Americans.。
托福TPO44口语Task2题目+满分范文
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托福TPO44口语Task2题目+满分范文为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福TPO44口语T ask2题目+满分范文,希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO44独立口语Task2题目:Some people believe that primary schools should no longer teach children how to write by hand, and instead should spend time teaching them how to type on a computer. Other people believe that it is still important for schools to teach children to have good handwriting. Which point of view do you agree with? Explain why.托福TPO44独立口语Task2满分范文:It is unquestionable that primary students should learn how to write by hand, as computer continues barriers to people’s communication in the society. Firstly, writing things out by hand may be a critical way we train our brains. What’s more, handwriting helps children learn letters and shapes, improves their composition of ideas, and may also boost fine-motor skills development.以上是给大家整理的托福TPO44口语T ask2题目+满分范文,希望对你有所帮助!。
托福|TPO44口语题目+文本
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小编给考生们带来了托福TPO44口语文本,希望大家多做题,多积累、多研究,有针对性的规划考试。
托福TPO44口语task1题目:Talk about a special job you have had in the past or would like to have inthe future.托福TPO44口语task2题目:Some people believe that primary schools should no longer teach childrenhow to write by hand, and instead should spend time teaching them how to type ona computer. Other people believe that it is still important for schools to teachchildren to have good handwriting. Which point of view do you agree with?Explain why.托福口语TPO44 Task3(阅读+题目):Decide Funding for Student OrganizationsReading Part:Create Student Committee to Decide Funding for Student OrganizationsI think students should be in charge of deciding which studentorganizations (for example, the jazz band or the hiking club) receive money fromthe university. Students should also be in charge of how much money eachorganization receives. A special committee made up of students could be createdto make these decisions. Currently, these funding decisions are made byuniversity administrators, but a student committee would know better than theadministrators which organizations are most important to students and mostdeserving of the financial support from the university. I am sure a lot ofstudents would be interested in serving on the committee, and those who do servewill gain valuable leadership experience.Question:The man expresses his opinion of the proposal given in the letter. Statehis opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.托福口语TPO44 Task4(阅读+题目):Scope CreepReading Part:Businesses that perform services or carry out projects for clientsgenerally come to an agreement with their clients about the extent or scope of a project before beginning the project. However, as a project progresses, clients may ask for more than the business originally expected to provide, and the scope of the project may grow larger than intended. This phenomenon is known as scope creep, and it can cause conflict between businesses and their clients. Scope creep is especially common when the terms or conditions of the initial agreement are not clearly defined, and a client may expect more than the business had planned to provide.Question:Explain how the example in the lecture illustrates the concept of scope creep.托福口语TPO44 Task5(听力+题目):New roommateListen to a conversation between two studentsMan : Hey, didn't you get the new roommate recently? Linda is her name,right? How's that working out?Woman : oh, Linda is nice, but well, that is sort of problem .Man : oh?Woman : Yeah, our schedules are totally conflict. I'd like to do my。
托福TPO44独立写作题目文本+满分范文
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托福TPO44独立写作题目文本+满分范文为了帮助大家高效备考托福,为大家带来托福TPO44独立写作题目文本+满分范文,希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO44独立写作题目原文:Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolwork. Which of the two approaches do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福TPO44独立写作满分范文1:In recent years, there has been a trend among busy parents toward utilizing spare time to have fun such as arts and sports, because these entertainment activities do not have a direct relation with children’s school work. It lies in the fact that education is valuable by people only when it improves students’ academic record. Although playing games and sport are not directly related to academic record, these entertainment activities have countless benefits to students’ success in their future careers. The idea that sport is important to children’s development has been widely accepted. First of all, sport can enhance intelligence. Playing games enables children to know how to coordinate different parts of their bodies. The advantage is that children who can use sport instruments proficiently cab juggle different task in their adulthood. Playing games can foster the culture of cooperation among teenagers as they are required to collaborate with each other in a basketball team or a football team. Playing games is also considered as a healthy way of relieving stress, because it can lighten one’s mood and reduceanxiety. Playing games also has a beneficial effect on children’s physical and mental health. Children who engage in physical activity can constantly maintain a healthy weight and have stamina to handle their schoolwork. This is particularly important, considering that young people are increasingly addicted to the sedentary activity, such as watching TV. Furthermore, children who exercise habitually normally have a positive attitude to life, which enables them to cope with stress easily. Therefore, we can see how important some non-academic activities can be to students’ future career success. Sports and playing games c an develop students’ intellectual skills and social skills, while they are able to improve students’ physical health and self-esteem.托福TPO44独立写作满分范文2:It is common that parents now are suffering great pressures from their work and are left with less time to be with their children. So, the problem comes: how to utilize this precious parent-child time? From my perspective, I prefer to spend this time having fun with my kids. First of all, under the advanced and comprehensive educational mechanism, children are able to perform schoolwork without the help fromtheir parents. So, there is no need for parents to spend too much time with their children doing something related to schoolwork. For example, each student is assigned with an advisor. And no matter what questions a student encounter in his/her study,he/she can ask for help from the advisor. Also, many schools now are offering students with multi-functional platform to have discussion and conduct QA session with teachers online. It is obvious that there is no need for parents to get involved in children’s schoolwork. In addition, students are now facing withgreat stressesand many of them have to take various extra-curricular courses. So, having fun with parents plays a more important role in their life. Activities such as playing basketball or guessing game can significantly release their pressures and have good refreshment. For example, every night after I finish my homework, my father wouldlike to play chess with me. This kind of father-daughter time can always help me getrid of all my annoyance and troubles. It is clearly that having fun with parents matters a lot to children. Furthermore, having fun of playing sports can enable students to strengthen their bodies and build their muscles. Only with healthy body can students pursue their goals and achieve success. For example, it is often reportedthat some students fail to start their career due to their poor health condition. So, parents are supposed to spend more time with kids to participate in more sports. In a nutshell, engaging in some non-academic activities plays an important role in students’ life. Playing sports and games can help students relieve their pressuresand strengthen their bodies.以上是给大家整理的托福TPO44独立写作题目文本+满分范文,希望对你有所帮助!。
托福|TPO44口语题目+文本
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托福|TPO44口语题目+文本小编给考生们带来了托福TPO44口语文本,希望大家多做题,多积累、多研究,有针对性的规划考试。
托福TPO44口语task1题目:Talk about a special job you have had in the past or would like to have inthe future.托福TPO44口语task2题目:Some people believe that primary schools should no longer teach childrenhow to write by hand, and instead should spend time teaching them how to type ona computer. Other people believe that it is still important for schools to teachchildren to have good handwriting. Which point of view do you agree with?Explain why.托福口语TPO44 Task3(阅读+题目):Decide Funding for Student OrganizationsReading Part:Create Student Committee to Decide Funding for Student OrganizationsI think students should be in charge of deciding which studentorganizations (for example, the jazz band or the hiking club) receive money fromthe university. Students should also be in charge of how much money eachorganization receives. A special committee made up ofstudents could be createdto make these decisions. Currently, these funding decisions are made byuniversity administrators, but a student committee would know better than theadministrators which organizations are most important to students and mostdeserving of the financial support from the university. I am sure a lot ofstudents would be interested in serving on the committee, and those who do servewill gain valuable leadership experience.Question:The man expresses his opinion of the proposal given in the letter. Statehis opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.托福口语TPO44 Task4(阅读+题目):Scope CreepReading Part:Businesses that perform services or carry out projects for clientsgenerally come to an agreement with their clients about the extent or scope of a project before beginning the project. However, as a project progresses, clients may ask for more than the business originally expected to provide, and the scope of the project may grow larger than intended. This phenomenon is known as scope creep, and it can cause conflict between businesses and their clients. Scope creep is especially common when the terms or conditions of the initial agreement are not clearly defined, and a client may expect more than the businesshad planned to provide.Question:Explain how the example in the lecture illustrates the concept of scope creep.托福口语TPO44 Task5(听力+题目):New roommateListen to a conversation between two studentsMan : Hey, didn't you get the new roommate recently? Linda is her name,right? How's that working out?Woman : oh, Linda is nice, but well, that is sort of problem .Man : oh?Woman : Yeah, our schedules are totally conflict. I'd like to do my。
tpo44三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识
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托福阅读tpo44解析阅读-1 (2)题目 (2)答案 (7)阅读-2 (7)原文 (7)译文 (9)题目 (10)答案 (15)背景知识 (15)阅读-3 (16)原文 (16)译文 (17)题目 (18)答案 (23)背景知识 (24)阅读-1题目1.Paragraph1supports which of the following statements about fish evolution?A.Lobe-finned fish were among the earliest types of fish to appear.B.Fish began living in freshwater habitats only after originating elsewhere.C.Lobe-finned fish radiated into almost all available aquatic habitats.D.During the Devonian,lobe-finned fish were more common in marine than in freshwater habitats.2.According to paragraph2,what do the minerals in the delta rocks containing rhipidistian crossopterygian fossils reveal?A.These deltas formed in dry periods but gradually became wetter.B.These deltas contain different types of iron minerals than do the surrounding areas.C.Most rhipidistian crossopterygian fish died when the climate became dry.D.Rhipidistian crossopterygian fish lived in areas that experienced alternate dry and wet periods.3.The word"advantageous"in the passage is closest in meaning toA.beneficialB.necessaryC.remarkablemon4.In paragraph2,why does the author include the information that mud inside rhipidistian crossopterygian fossils differed in consistency and texture depending on where the mud was located?A.To provide evidence that rhipidistian crossopterygian lived in river channels and lakes on large deltas.B.To identify an effect of the oxidation of iron minerals on the evolution of rhipidistian crossopterygian.C.To help explain why scientists have concluded that rhipidistian crossopterygian probably had lungs.D.To explain why scientists decided to cut cross sections through some fossils of rhipidistian crossopterygian.5.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Because the lungs of these fish were able to provide only a small amount of oxygen,these fish obtained most of their oxygen through their gills during periods of drought.B.During periods of extended drought,these fish used their lungs to increase their intake of oxygen beyond the levels absorbed by the gills in normal times.C.Although these fish primarily used their gills to obtain oxygen,they used their lungs to obtain oxygen from the air when there was not enough in the water.D.During periods of extended drought,the gills became an auxiliary breathing device and the lungs became the main source of oxygen for these fish.6.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Because the lungs of these fish were able to provide only a small amount ofoxygen,these fish obtained most of their oxygen through their gills during periods of drought.B.During periods of extended drought,these fish used their lungs to increase their intake of oxygen beyond the levels absorbed by the gills in normal times.C.Although these fish primarily used their gills to obtain oxygen,they used their lungs to obtain oxygen from the air when there was not enough in the water.D.During periods of extended drought,the gills became an auxiliary breathing device and the lungs became the main source of oxygen for these fish.7.The word"adjacent"in the passage is closest in meaning to:A.nearbyB.availableC.temporaryD.fresh8.The word“progressively”in the passage is closest in meaning to:A.increasinglyB.noticeablyC.occasionallyD.rapidly9.In paragraph4,why does the author point out that crabs and other arthropods were already living on land when the ancestors of the first tetrapods began living there?A.To account for the presence of dead fish along the edges of ponds and streams during the Devonian.B.To support the claim that climate change caused freshwater habitats to become more restricted during the Devonian.C.To identify a consequence of the emergence of plants into terrestrial habitats near ponds and streams.D.To identify a possible reason for why certain fish gradually became terrestrial organisms.10.According to paragraph4,teeth of the earliest tetrapods suggest that these tetrapodspeted with other animals for proteinB.were probably carnivoresC.could easily climb out of waterD.were able to eat plants11.According to paragraph5,which of the following was true of the first tetrapods?A.They became dependent for food on organisms already living on land.B.They needed to develop new mechanisms for obtaining nutrients.C.They continued to live in close association with aquatic environments.D.They were evolutionarily far removed from their rhipidistian ancestors.12.According to paragraph5,what was the main way that the earliest tetrapods differed from their immediate fish ancestors?A.The tetrapods had a different skeletal structure.B.The tetrapods had more sources of food availableC.The tetrapods had a circulation system.D.The tetrapods could move to new pools of water.13.Look at the four squares[■]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.These would have been deposited by the receding waters of droughts,during which many aquatic animals must have died.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square[■]to add the sentence to the passage④What ecological pressures might have caused fishes to gradually abandon their watery habitat and become increasingly land-dwelling creatures.Changes in climate during the Devonian may have had something to do with this if freshwater areas became progressively more restricted.Another impetus may have been new sources of food.The edges of ponds and streams surely had scattered dead fish and other water-dwelling creatures.[■]In addition,plants had emerged into terrestrial habitats in areas near streams and ponds,and crabs and other arthropods were also members of this earliest terrestrial community.[■]Thus,by the Devonian the land habitat marginal to freshwater was probably a rich source of protein that could be exploited by an animal that could easily climb out of water.[■]Evidence from teeth suggests that these earliest tetrapods did not utilize land plants as food;they were presumably carnivorous and had not developed the ability to feed on plants. [■]14.Directions:An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.This question is worth2points.Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong.To remove an answer choice,click on it.To review the passage,click VIEW TEXTFreshwater lobe-finned fish may be the direct ancestors of terrestrial tetrapods.A.Rhipidistian crossopterygian had features such as primitive lungs and thick fins that could have helped it survive dry periods.B.During the Devonian,the number of bones increased in the fins of rtiipidistians, improving such animals’ability to swim and move over landC.Shortly after the earliest tetrapods developed lungs,plants and other animals began to flourish on land.D.By the Devonian period,lobe-finned fish preferred freshwater habitats to life in the ocean.E.A drier climate and new sources of food on land may have encouraged the lobe-finned fish’s move to a terrestrial existence.F.Early tetrapods remained closely connected to water,but several of their body structures were adapted for life on land.答案1-5.B D A C C6-10.D A A D B11-13.C A A14.AEF阅读-2原文The Use Of The Camera Obscura①The precursor of the modern camera,the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole.The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure.This technique was known as long ago as the fifth century B.C.in China.Aristotle also experimented with it in the fourth century B.C.,and Leonardo da Vinci described it in his notebooks in1490.In1558 Giovanni Battista Della Porta wrote in his twenty-volume work Magia naturalis (meaning"natural magic")instructions for adding a convex lens to improve the quality of the image thrown against a canvas or panel in the darkened area whereits outlines could be ter,portable camera obscuras were developed,with interior mirrors and drawing tables on which the artist could trace the image.For the artist,this technique allows forms and linear perspective to be drawn precisely as they would be seen from a single viewpoint.Mirrors were also used to reverse the projected images to their original positions.②Did some of the great masters of painting,then,trace their images using a camera obscura?Some art historians are now looking for clues of artists'use of such devices.One of the artists whose paintings are being analyzed from this point of view is the great Dutch master,Jan Vermeer,who lived from1632to1675 during the flowering of art and science in the Netherlands,including the science of optics.Vermeer produced only about30known paintings,including his famous The Art of Painting.The room shown in it closely resembles the room in other Vermeer paintings,with lighting coming from a window on the left,the same roof beams,and similar floor tiles,suggesting that the room was fitted with a camera obscura on the side in the foreground.The map hung on the opposite wall was a real map in Vermeer's possession,reproduced in such faithful detail that some kind of tracery is suspected.When one of Vermeer’s paintings was X-rayed,it did not have any preliminary sketches on the canvas beneath the paint,but rather the complete image drawn in black and white without any trial sketches.Vermeer did not have any students,did not keep any records,and did not encourage anyone to visit his studio,facts that can be interpreted as protecting his secret use of a camera obscura.③In recent times the British artist David Hockney has published his investigations into the secret use of the camera obscura,claiming that for up to400years,many of Western art’s great masters probably used the device to produce almost photographically realistic details in their paintings.He includes in this group Caravaggio,Hans Holbein,Leonardo da Vinci,Diego Velazquez, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres,Agnolo Bronzino,and Jan van Eyck.From an artist’s point of view,Hockney observed that a camera obscura compresses the complicated forms of a three-dimensional scene into two-dimensional shapes that can easily be traced and also increases the contrast between light and dark, leading to the chiaroscuro effect seen in many of these paintings.In Jan van Eyck’s The Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami,the complicated foreshortening in the chandelier and the intricate detail in the bride’s garments are among the clues that Hockney thinks point to the use of the camera obscura.④So what are we to conclude?If these artists did use a camera obscura,does that diminish their stature?Hockney argues that the camera obscura does not replace artistic skill in drawing and painting.In experimenting with it,he found that it is actually quite difficult to use for drawing,and he speculates that the artists probably combined their observations from life with tracing of shapes.译文相机暗箱的使用①现代相机的前身是暗箱,它是一个暗黑的密封箱子,通过一个小孔中的镜头可以使光线进入其中。
TPO 44答案及解析
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Conversation 11. Why does the student go to see the professor? 【主旨题】A. To get his opinion about why a project she recently completed had unexpected results.B. To discuss how a topic covered in class is similar toher group’s research topic.C. To ask him for suggestions to address a problem in her research.D. To discuss the professor's concern about her group's research project.答案:D破题关键词汇:解析:(从32秒开始,原文重现:Well, I think it's a great research topic, but when I looked closely at your plan for accomplishing the research, I realized that your group was probably asking for some trouble.)此处教授提到学生的研究话题很好,但是可能会在研究过程中面临一些困难。
结合选项判断,A选项的recently completed 错误, B的similar to her group 未提及,C的ask him for suggestions未提及。
因此正确答案为D,对应professor's concern。
2. In response to the professor’s question, what does the woman say about Tom and Jane? 【细节题】A. They are working on an assignment for another class.B. They are already observing students for the research project.C. They are dealing with a technical issue at the library.D. They are making arrangements at the library for their research project.答案:A破题关键词汇:Tom and Jane解析:(从10秒开始,原文重现: Where are the other membersof your group? Tom and Jane?They are actually at the library. They have a biology lab assignment that's due later this afternoon. So I'm here to represent the whole group.)此处教学询问学生其他两位成员在哪,女学生回答他们正在生物实验室赶作业,她到这里来是作为整个团队的代表。
托福TPO44口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
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托福TPO44口语Task3阅读文本: Create Student Committee to Decide Funding for Student Organizations I think students should be in charge of deciding which student organizations (for example, the jazz band or the hiking club) receive money from the university. Students should also be in charge of how much money each organization receives. A special committee made up of students could be created to make these decisions. Currently, these funding decisions are made by university administrators, but a student committee would know better than the administrators which organizations are most important to students and most deserving of the university's financial support. I’m sure a lot of students would be interested in serving on the committee, and those who do serve will gain valuable leadership experience. 托福TPO44口语Task3听力文本: Now listen to two students discussing the letter. Woman:So what do you think of the proposal? Man:I don't like it. Woman:Why not? Man:Actually, I don't think students are the right people to be making these decisions. They are too close to the situation. Woman:What do you mean? Man:Well, because students are directly involved in the groups, they can't be as objective, as fair as administrators. I mean, what will prevent students on the committee from just giving money to their friends' groups or favoring the groups they're in themselves. I think having the university administrators make the decisions is more fair. Woman:Well, at least it would be good experience for the students who serve on the committee. Man:Well, that's another thing. I think they'd have a hard time finding students to serve on it. I mean, there are already a number of leadership positions open in various campus groups, but most students just aren't interested in them. Woman:That's true. The Student Council doesn't even have a vice president. Man:Right. Most students are just too busy. There's no way you are gonna find enough students who are willing to volunteer their time for this committee. It's too big of a time commitment. 托福TPO44口语Task3题目: The man expresses his opinion of the letter writer's proposal. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. 托福TPO44口语Task3满分范文: According to the reading, Bill proposes to set a student committee to decide funding for student organizations. The man disagrees with the decision. His first reason is, students aren’t as fair as university administrators to make decisions. Students in the special committee have the chance to provide financial support to their friends or themselves. Also he argues that most students aren’t interested in the leadership positions. A number of students are too busy to do volunteer work on the serving organization. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO44口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文,希望对你有所帮助!。
TPO-44 Reading 2 解析
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Q1正确答案:B解析:根据关键人物“Giovanni Battista Della Porta”定位原文:“Giovanni Battista Della Porta wrote…where its outlines could be traced.”,也就是此人发明的凸透镜有助于图像的追踪, B选项正确。
Q2正确答案:C解析:定位原文句子:后来portable 相机暗箱被发明出来了,艺术家们可以在内部的镜子和绘图桌上追溯图像。
这里的portable是“便于携带的”意思,和C选项“可移动的”属于同义表达,A选项是“有价值的”,B选项是“实际的,实践的”,D选项是“流行的,受欢迎的”。
Q3正确答案:D解析:定位原文句子:镜子也被用于颠倒和其原位置相反的projected 图像。
这里的projected是“投射的,投影的”,和D选项的“显示的”属于近义;其余三个选项分别是“完整的,全部的”,“正确的”和“扩大的”之意。
根据前后文,我们知道原文讲述的是小孔成像的原理,单词定位句的also示意和前一句有关,Giovanni Battista Della Porta的更新技术被用来从单一角度看到的东西精确作画,projected和上半句的be seen 应该属于同类意义表达。
Q4正确答案:A解析:回归原文定位“When one of…his secret use of a camera obscura.”当谈到Vermeer这个人时,说到他著名画作The Art of Painting里的房间和其他画作里的房间非常类似,然后如何类似的证据特征,还介绍了X射线显示的维米尔绘画方式,最后得出一个结论“his secret use of a camera obscura”;结合段首“Did some of the masters of painting, then, trace their images using a camera obscura”,。
托福TPO44阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析
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From Fish to Terrestrial Vertebrates One of the most significant evolutionary events that occurred on Earth was the transition of water-dwelling fish to terrestrial tetrapods(four-limbed organisms with backbones).Fish probably originated in the oceans,and our first records of them are in marine rocks.However,by the Devonian Period(408 million to 362 million years ago),they had radiated into almost all available aquatic habitats,including freshwater settings.One of the groups whose fossils are especially common in rocks deposited in fresh water is the lobe-finned fish. The freshwater Devonian lobe-finned fish rhipidistian crossopterygian is of particular interest to biologists studying tetrapod evolution.These fish lived in river channels and lakes on large deltas.The delta rocks in which these fossils are found are commonly red due to oxidized iron minerals,indicating that the deltas formed in a climate that had alternate wet and dry periods.If there were periods of drought,any adaptations allowing the fish to survive the dry conditions would have been advantageous.In these rhipidistians,several such adaptations existed.It is known that they had lungs as well as gills for breathing.Cross sections cut through some of the fossils reveal that the mud filling the interior of the carcass differed in consistency and texture depending on its location inside the fish.These differences suggest a saclike cavity below the front end of the gut that can only be interpreted as a lung.Gills were undoubtedly the main source of oxygen for these fish,but the lungs served as an auxiliary breathing device for gulping air when the water became oxygen depleted,such as during extended periods of drought.So,these fish had already evolved one of the prime requisites for living on land:the ability to use air as a source of oxygen. A second adaptation of these fish was in the structure of the lobe fins.The fins were thick,fleshy,and quite sturdy,with a median axis of bone down the center.They could have been used as feeble locomotor devices on land,perhaps good enough to allow a fish to flop its way from one pool of water that was almost dry to an adjacent pond that had enough water and oxygen for survival.These fins eventually changed into short,stubby legs.The bones of the fins of a Devonian rhipidistian exactly match in number and position the limb bones of the earliest known tetrapods,the amphibians.It should be emphasized that the evolution of lungs and limbs was in no sense an anticipation of future life on land.These adaptations developed because they helped fish to survive in their existing aquatic environment. What ecological pressures might have caused fishes to gradually abandon their watery habitat and become increasingly land-dwelling creatures?Changes in climate during the Devonian may have had something to do with this if freshwater areas becameprogressively more restricted.Another impetus may have been new sources of food.The edges of ponds and streams surely had scattered dead fish and other water-dwelling creatures.■A In addition,plants had emerged into terrestrial habitats in areas near streams and ponds,and crabs and other arthropods were also members of this earliest terrestrial community.■B Thus,by the Devonian the land habitat marginal to freshwater was probably a rich source of protein that could be exploited by an animal that could easily climb out of water.■C Evidence from teeth suggests that these earliest tetrapods did not utilize land plants as food;they were presumably carnivorous and had not developed the ability to feed on plants.■D How did the first tetrapods make the transition to a terrestrial habitat?Like early land plants such as rhyniophytes,they made only a partial transition;they were still quite tied to water.However,many problems that faced early land plants were not applicable to the first tetrapods The ancestors of these animals already had a circulation system,and they were mobile,so that they could move to water to drink.Furthermore,they already had lungs,which rhipidistians presumably used for auxiliary breathing.The principal changes for the earliest tetrapods were in the skeletal system—changes in the bones of the fins,the vertebral column,pelvic girdle,and pectoral girdle. Paragraph 1 One of the most significant evolutionary events that occurred on Earth was the transition of water-dwelling fish to terrestrial tetrapods(four-limbed organisms with backbones).Fish probably originated in the oceans,and our first records of them are in marine rocks.However,by the Devonian Period(408 million to 362 million years ago),they had radiated into almost all available aquatic habitats,including freshwater settings.One of the groups whose fossils are especially common in rocks deposited in fresh water is the lobe-finned fish. 1.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about fish evolution? A.Lobe-finned fish were among the earliest types of fish to appear. B.Fish began living in freshwater habitats only after originating elsewhere. C.Lobe-finned fish radiated into almost all available aquatic habitats. D.During the Devonian,lobe-finned fish were more common in marine than in freshwater habitats. Paragraph 2 The freshwater Devonian lobe-finned fish rhipidistian crossopterygian is of。
托福TPO44阅读Passage2原文文本+题目+答案解析
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The Use of the Camera Obscura The precursor of the modern camera,the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole。
The precursor of the modern camera,the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole.The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure.This technique was known as long ago as the fifth century B.C.in China.Aristotle also experimented with it in the fourth century B.C.,and Leonardo da Vinci described it in his notebooks in 1490.In 1558 Giovanni Battista Della Porta wrote in his twenty-volume work Magia naturalis(meaning “natural magic”)instructions for adding a convex lens to improve the quality of the image thrown against a canvas or panel in the darkened area where its outlines could be traced.■A Later,portable camera obscuras were developed,with interior mirrors and drawing tables on which the artist could trace the image.■B For the artist,this technique allows forms and linear perspective to be drawn precisely as they would be seen from a single viewpoint.■C Mirrors were also used to reverse the projected images to their original positions.■D Did some of the great masters of painting,then,trace their images using a camera obscura?Some art historians are now looking for clues of artists’use of such devices.One of the artists whose paintings are being analyzed from this point of view is the great Dutch master,Jan Vermeer,who lived from 1632 to 1675 during the flowering of art and science in the Netherlands,including the science of optics.Vermeer produced only about 30 known paintings,including his famous The Art of Painting.The room shown in it closely resembles the room in other Vermeer paintings,with lighting coming from a window on the left,the same roof beams,and similar floor tiles,suggesting that the room was fitted with a camera obscura on the side in the foreground.The map hung on the opposite wall was a real map in Vermeer’s possession,reproduced in such faithful detail that some kind of tracery is suspected.When one of Vermeer’s paintings was X-rayed,it did not have any preliminary sketches on the canvas beneath the paint,but rather the complete image drawn in black and white without any trial sketches.Vermeer did not have any students,did not keep any records,and did not encourage anyone to visit his studio,facts that can be interpreted as protecting his secret use of a camera obscura. In recent times the British artist David Hockney has published his investigations into the secret use of the camera obscura,claiming that for up to 400 years,many of Western art’s great masters probably used the device to produce almost photographically realistic details in their paintings.He includes in this groupCaravaggio,Hans Holbein,Leonardo da Vinci,Diego Velazquez,Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres,Agnolo Bronzino,and Jan van Eyck.From an artist’s point of view,Hockney observed that a camera obscura compresses the complicated forms of a three-dimensional scene into two-dimensional shapes that can easily be traced and also increases the contrast between light and dark,leading to the chiaroscuro effect seen in many of these paintings.In Jan van Eyck’s The Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami,the complicated foreshortening in the chandelier and the intricate detail in the bride’s garments are among the clues that Hockney thinks point to the use of the camera obscura. So what are we to conclude?If these artists did use a camera obscura,does that diminish their stature?Hockney argues that the camera obscura does not replace artistic skill in drawing and painting.In experimenting with it,he found that it is actually quite difficult to use for drawing,and he speculates that the artists probably combined their observations from life with tracing of shapes. Paragraph 1 The precursor of the modern camera,the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole.The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure.This technique was known as long ago as the fifth century B.C.in China.Aristotle also experimented with it in the fourth century B.C.,and Leonardo da Vinci described it in his notebooks in 1490.In 1558 Giovanni Battista Della Porta wrote in his twenty-volume work Magia naturalis(meaning “natural magic”)instructions for adding a convex lens to improve the quality of the image thrown against a canvas or panel in the darkened area where its outlines could be traced.■A Later,portable camera obscuras were developed,with interior mirrors and drawing tables on which the artist could trace the image.■B For the artist,this technique allows forms and linear perspective to be drawn precisely as they would be seen from a single viewpoint.■C Mirrors were also used to reverse the projected images to their original positions.■D 1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about Giovanni Battista Della Porta’s contribution to the camera obscura? A.He translated a Chinese description of the use of the camera obscura and made the technique available to artists. B.His convex lens made the projected image easier to trace. C.His version of the camera obscura allowed for the later addition of a mirror. D.His improvements relied heavily on design changes proposed earlier by Leonardo。
tpo-44 综合写作独立写作题目文本
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1.In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States. Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to North America by European explorers known as the Norse, who traveled across the Atlantic Ocean and came into contact with Native Americans almost a thousand years ago.However, some archaeologists believe that the coin is not a genuine piece of historical evidence but a historical fake; they think that the coin was placed at the site recently by someone who wanted to mislead the public. There are three main reasons why some archaeologists believe that the coin is not genuine historical evidence.Great Distance from Norse SettlementsFirst, the Native American site in Maine where the coin was discovered is located very far from other sites documenting a Norse presence in North America. Remains of Norse settlements have been discovered in far eastern Canada. The distance between the Maine site and the Norse settlements in Canada is more than a thousand kilometers, suggesting the coin has no real connection with the settlements.No Other Coins FoundA second problem is that no other coins have been found at the Canadian sites that were inhabited by the Norse. This suggests that the Norse did not bring any silver coins with them to their North American settlements.Third, the Norse who traveled to North America would have understood that silver coins would most likely be useless to them. Sitver coins may have been in wide use in Europe at the time, but the Norse, as experienced explorers, would have known that native North Americans did not recognize silver coins as money.1.Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will bejudged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relations to the reading passage.Questions: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific theories presented in the reading passage.2. Directions: Read the question below. You have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay. Typically, an effective response will contain a minimum of 300 words.Question:Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolwork. Which of the two approaches do you prefer?Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.。
TPO-44 阅读文本和对应题目文本 第3篇
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3. SeagrassesMany areas of the shallow sea bottom are covered with a lush growth of aquatic flowering plants adapted to live submerged in seawater. These plants are collectively called seagrasses. Seagrass beds are strongly influenced by several physical factors. The most significant is water motion: currents and waves. Since seagrass systems exist in both sheltered and relatively open areas, they are subject to differing amounts of water motion. For any given seagrass system, however, the water motion is relatively constant. Seagrass meadows in relatively turbulent waters tend to form a mosaic of individual mounds, whereas meadows in relatively calm waters tend to form flat, extensive carpets. The seagrass beds, in turn, dampen wave action, particularly if the blades reach the water surface. This damping effect can be significant to the point where just one meter into a seagrass bed the wave motion can be reduced to zero. Currents are also slowed as they move into the bed.The slowing of wave action and currents means that seagrass beds tend to accumulate sediment. However, this is not universal and depends on the currents under which the bed exists. Seagrass beds under the influence of strong currents tend to have many of the lighter particles, including seagrass debris, moved out, whereas beds in weak current areas accumulate lighter detrital material. It is interesting that temperate seagrass beds accumulate sediments from sources outside the beds, whereas tropical seagrass beds derive most of their sediments from within.Since most seagrass systems are depositional environments, they eventually accumulate organic material that leads to the creation of fine-grained sediments with a much higher organic content than that of the surrounding unvegetated areas. This accumulation, in turn, reduces the water movement and the oxygen supply. The high rate of metabolism (the processing of energy for survival) of the microorganisms in the sediments causes sediments to be anaerobic (without oxygen) below the first few millimeters. According to ecologist J. W. Kenworthy, anaerobic processes of the microorganisms in the sediment are an important mechanism for regenerating and recycling nutrients and carbon, ensuring the high rates of productivity—that is, the amount of organic material produced-that are measured in those beds. In contrast to other productivity in the ocean, which is confined to various species of algae and bacteria dependent on nutrient concentrations in the water column, seagrasses are rooted plants that absorb nutrients from the sediment or substrate. They are, therefore, capable of recycling nutrients into the ecosystem thatwould otherwise be trapped in the bottom and rendered unavailable.Other physical factors that have an effect on seagrass beds include light, temperature, and desiccation (drying out). For example, water depth and turbidity (density of particles in the water) together or separately control the amount of light available to the plants and the depth to which the seagrasses may extend. Although marine botanist W. A. Setchell suggested early on that temperature was critical to the growth and reproduction of eelgrass, it has since been shown that this particularly widespread seagrass grows and reproduces at temperatures between 2 and 4 degrees Celsius in the Arctic and at temperatures up to 28 degrees Celsius on the northeastern coast of the United States. Still, extreme temperatures, in combination with other factors, may have dramatic detrimental effects. For example, in areas of the cold North Atlantic, ice may form in winter. Researchers Robertson and Mann note that when the ice begins to break up, the wind and tides may move the ice around, scouring the bottom and uprooting the eelgrass. In contrast, at the southern end of the eelgrass range, on the southeastern coast of the United States, temperatures over 30 degrees Celsius in summer cause excessive mortality. Seagrass beds also decline if they are subjected to too much exposure to the air. The effect of desiccation is often difficult to separate from the effect of temperature. Most seagrass beds seem tolerant of considerable changes in salinity (salt levels) and can be found in brackish (somewhat salty) waters as well as in full- strength seawater.1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about seagrasses in calm ocean waters?A. They will not survive for very long without the nutrients brought In by fast-moving waters.B. They tend to form beds covering large areas along the ocean floor.C. They usually are arranged in separate mounds.D. They grow more slowly than do seagrasses in fast-moving waters.2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is MOST likely to describe a bed in which seagrasses reach the surface of the water?A. The water is almost completely still.B. The bed often has major damage from strong waves or currents.C. The bed is generally no more than one square meter in size.D. Grasses form a mosaic of individual mounds.3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Light particles and debris collect in some seagrass beds, but are washed out of those affected by strong currents.B. Seagrass beds under the influence of strong currents tend to accumulate many of the lighter particles from other bedsC. The strength of the currents determines how quickly accumulated seagrass debris is moved out of the beds.D. Seagrass debris and other light particles are often moved from areas of strong currents to areas of weak currents.4. The word "derive" in the passage is closest in meaning toA. maintainB. expelC. obtainD. enrich5. According to paragraph 3, which of the following does NOT accurately describe the sediments that collect in seagrass beds?A. Fine-grainedB. Only a few millimeters deepC. Low in oxygenD. Rich in organic matter6. The word "confined" in the passage is closest in meaning toA. relatedB. limitedC. relevantD. helpful7. According to paragraph 3,how do seagrasses affect the nutrient supply in the ecosystem?A. Because of their high rate of metabolism, they consume a large percentage of the available nutrients.B. They attract various species of algae and bacteria that produce high nutrient concentrations in the water column.C. They take up carbon and other nutrients trapped on the sea bottom and bring them back into use.D. Through anaerobic processes at their roots, they produce a very nutrient-rich sediment.8. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the reason seagrasses do not grow in very deep water is thatA. they cannot handle intense water pressureB. deep water is too coldC. they would not get enough lightD. deep water is too salty9. The w ord “detrimental'’ in the passage is closest in meaning toA. harmfulB. significantC. unexpectedD. distinct10. T he word “detrimental'’ in the passage is closest in meaning toA. harmfulB. significantC. unexpectedD. distinct11. Paragraph 4 suggests that which of the following would be the LEAST likely to cause major damage to eelgrass and other common seagrasses?A. Factors related to extreme temperaturesB. Exposure to airC. Major changes in salinityD. The movement of ice on the seafloor12. The phrase “tolerant of’ in the passage is closest in meaning toA. unused toB. strongly affected byC. protected fromD. able to withstand13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Seagrasses grow together in dense patches, or beds, with as many as 4,000 blades per square meter.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage14. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the follo wing sentence could be added to the passage.Seagrasses grow together in dense patches, or beds, with as many as 4,000 blades per square meter.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passageDrag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it.To review the passage, click VIEW TEXTSeagrasses are aquatic flowering plants that grow in either sheltered or open areas of the seaA. Seagrass beds are influenced by several physical factors, the most significant being the stability of the sea bottom, which must anchor them against the currents.B. Because they slow currents and waves, seagrass beds collect deposits of rich organic sediments, which are home to many anaerobic microorganisms.C. Unlike sea organisms that depend on the water column for their productivity, seagrasses ensure high rates of productivity by taking nutrients from ocean floor sediment.D. Sediments in seagrass beds vary by region, with temperate beds accumulating sediments from within, and tropical beds collecting sediments from without.E. Seagrasses under weak currents tend to have higher rates of metabolism than those under strong currents, perhaps because of differences in oxygen levels.F. Although seagrasses survive in temperatures ranging from 2 to 28 degrees Celsius, more extreme temperatures can damage them, as can desiccation and lack of light.。
TPO1-50独立写作题目汇总
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TPO1-50独立写作题目汇总TPO 独立写作题目TPO 1:At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support.1.An increasing number of businesses have high demand for people who are not onlyspecialists in their fields, but also skilled in social interaction.2.Aside from fostering social skills and team spirit, sports and social activities cangreatly help students release their pressures.3.Admittedly, academic education will always be at the heart of a university.TPO 2:Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.1.First of all, always telling the truth creates trust between clients and companies,between employers and employees, and among colleagues.2.Secondly, love also requires telling the truth3.It is understandable that some people think that always telling the truth may hurtpeople’s feelin gs.TPO 3: It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends. TPO 4: In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.1.First of all, since the price of cars is undergoing a downward trend and people livefurther from their office than before, the need for driving cars is increasing.2.In addition, the public transportation is already under greater burden, as a result ofwhich more people resort to driving private cars.3.Admittedly, the increasing oil price and stricter traffic regulations would, to someextent, limit the use of cars.TPO 5: People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment doing things they like to do rather than doing things they should do.TPO 6: Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children.1.Transportation2.Leisure activities3.InternetTPO 16: The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.TPO 17: Most advertisements make products seem much better than they really are.1.Many advertisements now are produced with great investment in visual and audiotechnologies, constructing an exciting, fantastic world to allure customers.2.Moreover, nowadays manufacturers tend to invite celebrities, who know nothingabout the products, to recommend their goods in advertisement.3.Some other emerging techniques have been adopted to exaggerate the quality ofproducts. For example, advertisers would find someone acting as the real users of the product.TPO 18: Students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.1.Primarily, friends are about the same age, so their experiences are similar to anindividual student.2.Moreover, less chances are provided for students to discuss with teachers—manyteachers will leave the classroom as soon as the class is over.3.Admittedly, sometimes students may need teachers’ help, especially when they arefacing with studying issues.TPO 19: In order to be well-informed, a person must get information from many different news resources.1.First of a ll, different types of media do have their own “niche”—that is, each of themtargets different groups of readers and focus on a specific field.2.In addition, relying on limited news sources is not reliable. It is quite common forsome media to fabricate or exaggerate facts in order to attract more readers.3.Admittedly, too much information would, sometimes, be overwhelming. (wangbaoqiang )TPO 20: Successful people try new things and take risks rather than only doing what they know how to do well.1.To begin with, successful people are willing to adopt new ideas and technologies. Thisenable them to lead the trend rather than following other’s steps, obtaining pioneer’s competitive advantages. (ma yun)2.In addition, people may miss a lot of opportunities for success if they do not try newthings. It is quite often that a new profession or a new environment might provide people with unexpected experience, contributing to their success. (cao kefan)3.Admittedly, doing what people already know how to do well can bring them with someadvantages.TPO 21: For success in a future job, the ability to relate well to people is more important than studying hard in school.1.To gain success in our future career, people have to build up solid knowledge base forcertain fields.2.Moreover, comparing with getting well related with others, more skills can becultivated in the process of studying hard3.Admittedly, getting well related with others can help people broaden their socialnetwork, facilitating their communication and cooperation with others.TPO 22: Teachers should not make their social or political views known to students in the classroom.1.Those teachers express their social and political opinions on the classes could reducestudents’ studying efficiencies.2.In addition, many students are not mature enough to form their own conception aboutthe society, the globe and any other matters.3.Admittedly, some teachers are capable of stimulating students to brainstorm andexpress their own opinions by discussing social of political issues.TPO 23:In today’s world, it is more important to work quickly and risk making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct.1.Timing is so critical. Slower reaction to changes may lead people to miss importantopportunities; on the contrary, pioneers are often granted with huge competitive advantages.2.Moreover, it is hard to make sure everything is in perfect condition. That is, manyvariables may contribute to some unfavorable conditions, fouling up all you’ve planned.3.Admittedly, serious errors should be avoided when increasing the productivityTPO 24:One of the best ways that parents can help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.1.Children are able to involve more in social activities, cultivating their social skillswhen take part-time jobs.2.By doing part-time jobs, children can have better understanding of specific subjects,figuring out the gap between theories and practice.3.In addition, profound part-time experience can help students figure out their realinterests.TPO 25:Young people nowadays do not give enough time to helping their communities.1.The youth today are faced with a great amount of pressure, much greater than that ofprevious generations.ck of communication between young people and the community drives the youthtoday further away from contributing to community3.Less devotion to community may be greatly attributed to the weaker awareness ofaltruism.TPO 26:It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents’ jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents’ jobs.1.It paves an easier way to success for children. Children who engages in similaroccupations with their parents can at least inherit the experiences of the parents.2. A similar career is likely to strengthen the parent-child bondst but not the least, to choose a similar job as the parent is actually a conservationof social resourcesTPO 27:If people have the opportunity to get a secure job, they should take it right away rather than wait for a job that may be more satisfying.1.To begin with, a secure job provides more guarantee since it’s much easier to be found.2.It is very likely that a secure job may become a satisfying one in the future.3.Many young people tend to hold unrealistic expectation of a so-called “satisfying job”,for which they are not qualified.TPO 28:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents today are more involved in their children's education than parents were in the past.1.Most of the families in china have only one child due to the one-child policy andincreasing life pressures.2.An increasing number of parents have realized that education plays a more importantrole in peo ple’s life than in the past.3.Parents are forced to involve in children’s education more due to the requirements ofteachers and parents.TPO 29:To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on salaries for university professors.1.Universities are supposed to offer students and faculties with more advanced facilities,equipment as well as infrastructures.2.Universities should build up long-term relationship with certain businesses, in whichway, students are able to take internship in related fields and apply theories into practice.3.Admittedly, salary is one of the considerations that might have an impact on sometalents decisions about whether to work in universities, it is not the most decisive one. TPO 30:It is more enjoyable to have a job where you work only three days a week for long hours than to have a job where you work five days a week for shorter hours.1.Working three day a week means one can enjoy a more flexible schedule.2.There is an increasing tendency that many employees are forced to work overtime,sometimes even without pay.3.Admittedly, for some people such as a new mom, working shorter hours is better. TPO 31:Because the world is changing so quickly, people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past.1.The inevitable problem that comes with the dramatic social transformation is themounting pressure that tortures people virtually2.Pollutions brought about by the fast industrialization and the advance of moderntechnology have rippled through the society.3.From the aspect of humanity itself, a sad fact is that the increasingly abundantmaterial life has made people more and more rapacious.TPO 32: Young people today have no influence on the important decisions that determine the future of society as a whole.1.For certain tasks and projects, only young people are qualified, since they usually havehigh demand for creativity and ambitious2.Young people directly guide future direction of our society.3.Admittedly, older people are more experienced than youth, and are more possible tocome up with more feasible and reasonable ideas when confronting difficulties.TPO 33: When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects.1.Working in a team may enable students to solve various problems they encountermuch more easily.2.Students tend to accomplish projects with higher efficiency within a group rather thanby themselves3.Admittedly, there are several drawbacks of working in a group.TPO 34: Educating children is a more difficult task today than it was in the past because they spend so much time on cell phone, online games, and social networking website.1.Nowadays cell phone are able to play positive effects on children’s study.2.It cannot be denied that these high-tech devices enable children to get involved intosome innovative and interesting activities and games.3.Admittedly, some children might be too addicted to these games.TPO 35: famous entertainers and athletes deserve to have more privacy than they have now.1.Decreasing the exposure of famous people’s daily schedule will help protect thesecurity of themselves as well as their fanatic fans. (princess diana/ stampedes/traffic jam)2.On one is perfect. So are the public figures3.Children of the public characters also suffer from media’s over-exposureTPO36:spend money on young children than on universities.1.Expensive equipment2.Parents are more willing to spend money on little kids rather than on their adult one.3.Investing money into universities can get quicker returns can get quicker returnsbecause the interval between university students get trained and get jobs is shorter than primary students.TPO37: busy doing so many different things, they do very few things well.1.The determinant factor of achievement is one’s effort rather than the number ofthings he is doing2.Another crucial element which will inf luence one’s work results is his ability to makecomprehensive arrangements.3.Sometimes different missions can have mutual promotion to each other.TPO38:do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Leadership comes naturally: one cannot learn to be a leader.TPO39: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past it was easier to identify what type of career or job would lead to a secure, successful future.TPO 40: Some parents offer their school-age children money for each high grade (mark) they get in school. Do you think this is a good idea?TPO 41: Teacher were more appreciated and valued by society in the past than they were nowadays.TPO42:Workers are more satisfied when they have many different types of tasks to do during the workday than when they do similar tasks all day long.TPO43:Imagine that you are in a classroom or a meeting. The teacher or the meeting leader says something incorrect In your opinion, which of the following is the best thing to do?-Interrupt and correct the mistake right away-Wait until the class or meeting is over and the people are gone, and then talk to the teacher or meeting leade-Say nothingTPO44:Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolwork. Which of the two approaches do you prefer?TPO 45: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past, young people depended too much on their parents to make decisions for them; today young people are able to make decisions about their own lifes.TPO 46: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The opinions of celebrities, such as famous entertainers and athletes, are more important to younger people than they are to older people.TPO 47: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to know about events happening around the world. Even if it is unlikely affect your daily life.TPO 48: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because modern life is very complex , it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize.TPO 49: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The ability to maintain friendships with a small number of people over a long period of time is more important for happiness than the ability to make many friends easily.TPO 50: do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is.。
tpo-46 综合写作独立写作题目文本
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1. (Reading)In the United States, medical information about patients traditionally has been recorded and stored on paper forms. However, there are efforts to persuade doctors to adopt electronic medical record systems in which information about patients is stored in electronic databases rather than on paper. It is argued that storing patients' medical records in electronic databases has several advantages over traditional paper-based record keeping.Reducing CostsFirst, the use of electronic records can help reduce costs by saving money on storing and transferring medical records. While paper records require a significant amount of storage space, electronic medical records take up virtually no space. Moreover, by having patients' records computerized in databases, doctors can easily access the records from almost anywhere and can easily duplicate and transfer them when necessary. This costs much less than copying, faxing, or transporting paper records from one location to another.Preventing ErrorsSecond, electronic medical records are crucial to reducing the chances of medical errors. Illegible handwriting, improper transcription of data, and nonstandard organization of paper records have caused errors that in some cases have had serious consequences for the patients* health. In contrast, electronic records are associated with standardization of forms and legible computer fonts and thus minimize the possibility of human errorAiding ResearchThird, electronic medical records can greatly aid medical research by making it possible to gather large amounts of data from patient records. It is often impractical, impossible, or prohibitively expensive to manually go through thousands of patients’paper records housed in doctors' offices. However, with the existence of electronic medical records, it would be simple to draw out the needed information from the medical databases because the databases are already formatted for data collection. Once in the electronic system, the records could be accessed from any research location.Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.Question: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.2. Directions: Read the question below. You have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay. Typically, an effective response will contain a minimum of 300 words.Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The opinions of celebrities, such as famous entertainers and athletes, are more important to younger people than they are to older people.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.。
TPO 44 托福综合写作+独立写作范文
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TPO 44综合写作:阅读:coin a fake听力:真的阅读1:发现的地方-----norse settlement 像个比较远听力1:many other objects come from faraway places. 推断:可能喜欢远出来的东西,长途跋涉带回阅读2:no other coin found听力2:not permanent settlement back to eu packed up all their valuable possessions阅读3:不当作钱听力3:value attractive or unusual objects 交换,漂亮in necklace or other jewelry独立写作:Question: Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Other believe that it’s best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolwork.Which of the two approaches do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.主语,限定人群和范畴,归题点1. 学校任务不需要家长的帮助:在学校在家都可以得到很好的知道,有问题可以问老师,而且老师更加专业2. play games:有助于孩子的智力开发乐高3. play sports: 有助于身体健康/ 久坐看电视有助于学习Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Sometimes we are assigned to work in a group on a project. The group will be helped more by a person who will be willing to do what other group members want than by person who often strongly insists that things should be done in a way that is different from what the group wants to do.观点:理由1:中心句:解释(为什么/原因):举例/对比:理由2:中心句:解释(为什么/原因):举例/对比:让步:It is important to read or watch the news presented by people whose views are different from your own or presented by people whose views are similar to your own?观点:听取跟自己观点不同的新闻理由1:中心句:了解信息更全面解释(为什么/原因):每个人看问题的角度不同,得出的结论也是不同举例/对比:理由2:中心句:可以激发探索新知识的兴趣解释(为什么/原因):寻找正确答案,查找耕种资料,学习到相关领域的新知识举例/对比:让步:相似的观点带来认同感自信心,但是不能进步,不能意识到自己的错误。
tpo44综合写作文章
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tpo44综合写作文章综合写作之前就听到很多大牛们说综合写作只要把听力的内容写得越多越详细,分数就越高,所以对综合写作的听力总怀有畏惧心理。
现在想想,练过听力和口语之后,这里的听力也没那么可怕。
我只练过2篇综合写作,一篇是在新东方的课上,而且只练了做笔记没有实际去写,第二篇就是TPO里的。
考场上我听得也不是很好,只是把分论点以及一些细节听到了,有几个例子的都没怎么记下来,最后两句还没听清…不过那个好像对分论点没太大影响,是个扩展的内容…总之就是听得不是特别好,但开头段按自己琢磨好的句式那样写,接下来的几段也是不停地敲啊敲,敲了好多字上去,总算在1分钟前写完了。
最后的结果竟然是Good(4-5分),看来综合写作对听力的要求真的不是大家想象的那么高,其实无非就是把教授如何反驳文章中三个分论点挺清楚,例子都是阅读文章里的所以不用记,听力里主要是在讲阅读文章中的例子有哪些缺陷或不严谨的地方,从而无法成为有效的论据,甚至成为别的观点的论据……这一思路其实很想GRE写作里的Argument,所以我在考场上用了很多当初准备argument时候的句式和表达,都可以通用的。
这一类的写作模式很固定,我觉得看几篇范文自己练几篇找到适合自己的写作套路(尤其开头段,自己事先想好,因为综合写作模式都很固定,所以可以用同一个开头模板写任何内容,开头精彩的话会给考官好印象的,尽管他自己可能不承认被外表的美吸引了~)我自己没练过太多所以更多的经验也没法写了,只能说GRE的基础让我的作文有所受益,但每个人只要认真写几篇肯定也会熟能生巧。
“听力重点单词演绎法”顾名思义,就是根据学员听到的个别单词和理解对应阅读段落的基础上,推敲出听力段落的大意并演绎在答题界面的方法。
以TPO14的一道综合写作为例,为大家具体讲解。
(建议各位学员在做过TPO14套综合写作之后再看本篇文章,更有助于理解) TPO14套题目主要论述salvage logging(抢救性砍伐和搬运)这种处理森林火灾过后被烧毁的树种问题。
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在托福写作练习过程中,相信TPO材料中的作文题目都会是大家的首选练习材料。
小编给考生们带来了托福写作TPO44,希望可以帮助广大托福考生轻松备考托福。
托福TPO44综合写作
In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was
discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the
United States. Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to
North America by European explorers known as the Norse, who traveled across the
Atlantic Ocean and came into contact with Native Americans almost a thousand
years ago.
However, some archaeologists believe that the coin is not a genuine piece
of historical evidence but a historical fake; they think that the coin was
placed at the site recently by someone who wanted to mislead the public. There
are three main reasons why some archaeologists believe that the coin is not
genuine historical evidence.
Great Distance from Norse Settlements
First, the Native American site in Maine where the coin was discovered is
located very far from other sites documenting a Norse presence in North America.
Remains of Norse settlements have been discovered in far eastern Canada. The
distance between the Maine site and the Norse settlements in Canada is more than
a thousand kilometers, suggesting the coin has no real connection with the
settlements.
No Other Coins Found
A second problem is that no other coins have been found at the Canadian
sites that were inhabited by the Norse. This suggests that the Norse did not
bring any silver coins with them to their North American settlements.
Third, the Norse who traveled to North America would have understood that silver coins would most likely be useless to them. Sitver coins may have been in wide use in Europe at the time, but the Norse, as experienced explorers, would have known that native North Americans did not recognize silver coins as money.
1. Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relations to the reading passage.
Questions: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific theories presented in the reading passage.
托福TPO44独立写作
2. Directions: Read the question below. You have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay. Typically, an effective response will contain a minimum of 300 words.
Question:
Some people believe that when busy parents do not have a lot of time to
spend with their children, the best use of that time is to have fun playing games or sports. Others believe that it is best to use that time doing things together that are related to schoolwork. Which of the two approaches do you prefer?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.。