2014年中国石油大学--科技英语总复习-答题篇

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科技英语

中国石油大学在线考试——科技英语备注：阅读理解第二大题没答案第1题If you don’t take your umbrella, you’re going to get __D____. 本题1分A、sankB、soapedC、foamedD、soaked第2题The news slowly ____C______ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried about the uncertainty of the future. 本题1分A、meltedB、transmittedC、filteredD、flowed第3题We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them __D____. 本题1分A、in registerB、to documentC、on paperD、on record第4题The cost may be lower than we first thought, but _D_____ it will still be quite substantial. 本题1分A、in no caseB、in any caseC、in case ofD、in case第5题Sometimes you can ___A____ valuable antiques by chance –for example when you’re clearing out an old building. 本题1分A、come byC、come outD、come down第6题Obviously you came here intending to __D_____ the United States and you will need a work visa. 本题1分A、rest withB、resort toC、render intoD、reside in第7题Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social __C____ is never considered. 本题1分A、respectB、prospectC、aspectD、retrospect第8题One’s appearance does not always __B____ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks. 本题1分A、compareB、coincideC、collideD、content第9题We work best in a peaceful and comfortable _____B_____ so as to increase our productivity and relieve our exhaustion. 本题1分A、paceB、atmosphereC、rhythmD、hemisphere第10题The new ____B_____ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lot of attention. 本题1分B、versionC、provisionD、verification第11题before you begin preparing for the second ___D___ of the interview, you’d better make a list of topics related to your country, culture, lifestyle ａnd personal interests. 本题1分A、phraseB、caseC、phaseD、ease第12题The director had her assistant __C______ some hot dogs for the staff members. 本题1分A、picking upB、picked upC、to pick upD、pick up第13题The committee has made some recommendations, but it is __C____ the President to make the final decision. 本题1分A、resting withB、apt toC、up toD、in accordance with第14题She devised a plan __C ___ they might escape from the tightly guarded prison.本题1分A、whereasB、whereinC、whereby第15题All applicants are questioned by a ____A______ of experienced interviewers. 本题1分A、packB、schoolC、panelD、swarm第16题The prices of the products of joint ventures sold in China should be fixed on the basis of quality __B___ the price regulations set by the state and be charged in RMB.本题1分A、for the sake ofB、with a view toC、regardless ofD、in line with第17题Joint ventures may _A_____ labor contracts with the employees according to their needs in production and management operations.本题1分A、loseB、writeC、signD、draw第18题for a successful business, friendly ａnd ____C___ staff are essential.本题1分A、sufficientB、effectiveC、respective第19题He was __D____ against the plan from the beginning because of his past unhappy cooperation with the same planner.本题1分A、biasedB、opposedC、decidedD、combined第20题The film provides a deep __A____ into a wide range of human qualities and feelings. 本题1分A、imaginationB、insightC、fancyD、outlook填空题第21题Georgia said it would take aggressive (咄咄逼人的)diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights. 本题2分第22题The current trade __ deficit _ indicates a serious imbalance between our import and export trade. 本题2分第23题Enough lava had e__erupted___(喷发) from the volcano to bury the entire village. 本题2分第24题Your proposal to cut down the price might s__start_ (发动) price war in the global market. 本题2分第25题The spacecraft is set to throw new light on to a dark corner of the _ solar __ (太阳的) system. 本题2分第26题Whatever advantage the domestic goods has in price is __ offset _(抵消, 补偿) by the imported goods’appeal to consumers. 本题2分第27题_consultant__(convert) to gas central heating will save you a lot of money.本题2分第28题In the contract it is stated that any dispute between the two parties shall be settled by friendly _penetration__(consult). 本题2分第29题any successful ａnd repeatable defeat of a computer’s security controls could result in a__ _ (penetrate) of the system. 本题2分第30题pollution growth ａnd economic development is a matter of complex ___(relation). 本题2分问答题第31题英译汉Once infected, your money will be transferred to an additional account opened by the virus program without anybody knowing it.一旦感染，你的钱会被转移到一个额外帐户开放附近的的病毒方案无任何人知道它。

中国石油大学2014-大学英语4

．第1题单选题I can’t do my homework with all this noise _________.A、is going onB、to go onC、gone onD、going to标准答案：D2．第2题单选题For the next three years they ______ regularly.A、intriguedB、curvedC、murmuredD、corresponded标准答案：D3．第3题单选题 Children usually _______ excitement, something new.A、look forB、long forC、call forD、search for标准答案：B4．第4题单选题 They are very ________ to encourage more people to work with them.A、encouragedB、gladC、keenD、easy标准答案：C5．第5题单选题 All examination paper ______, the teacher let thestudents leave.A、handing inB、having handed inC、to be handed inD、having been handed in标准答案：D6．第6题单选题 The speech ________, a lively discussion started.A、to believedB、was deliveredC、be deliveredD、having been delivered标准答案：D7．第7题单选题 ______, televisions have become indispensable in many people’s daily life.A、ApproximatelyB、SincerelyC、UndoubtedlyD、Sensiblely标准答案：C8．第8题单选题 Mr. Patrick went to the reception to ask what recreation ________ were available in the hotel.A、motionB、facilitiesC、glamourD、venturee标准答案：B9．第9题单选题 The questions ________ finally, we went home.A、to be settledB、settlingC、having settledD、settled标准答案：D10．第10题单选题 Last summer, his visiting of Disneyland__________ his dream in his boyhood.A、embededB、embededC、castD、fulfilled标准答案：D11．第11题单选题 He was _______ enough to see that Mike was the best candidate for the job.A、sensibleB、unattractiveC、tolerantD、graying标准答案：A12．第12题单选题 ________, he slipped through the window.A、With anyone noticingB、With anyone noticedC、Without anyone noticingD、Without nobody noticed标准答案：C13．第13题单选题 The temperature ________, the chemical reactionis being speeded up.A、raisedB、being risenC、risingD、raising标准答案：C14．第14题单选题 He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.A、I amB、I would beC、I wasD、I were标准答案：D15．第15题单选题She could see her face ________ in the car’s windshield.A、admittedB、thrustC、reflectedD、identified标准答案：C16．第16题单选题 The meeting _________ over, the representatives went to visit the farm.A、beenB、beingC、isD、to be标准答案：B17．第17题单选题 All things _________, the planned trip will haveto be called off.A、consideringB、be consideredC、consideredD、having considered标准答案：C18．第18题单选题 The soldiers jumped into the river _________ past their ears.A、with bullets whistlingB、with bullets whistledC、with bullets to whistleD、with bullets being whistling标准答案：A19．第19题单选题It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ____?A、we are going homeB、we go homeC、we went homeD、we can go home标准答案：C20．第20题单选题 We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him.A、would have telephonedB、must have telephonedC、would telephoneD、had telephoned标准答案：A21．第21题单选题 According to recent statistics, women ________ nearly 45% of the medical staff in this hospital.A、compriseB、encompassC、consistD、take标准答案：A22．第22题单选题I’d rather you ____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A、don’tB、wouldn’tC、shouldn’tD、didn’t标准答案：D23．第23题单选题 In _________ to local demand, we will be opening this store from nine till seven on Sundays.A、generalB、totalC、shortD、response标准答案：D24．第24题单选题 The man likes to talk big _________ he was an important person.A、as thoughB、as soon asC、as long asD、as far as标准答案：A25．第25题单选题 Please tell us when and why you decided to_________ your business in this district.A、set downB、set offC、set upD、set out标准答案：C26．第26题单选题 The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.A、must finishB、would be finishedC、be finishedD、must be finished标准答案：C27．第27题单选题 Do you have to wear a (n) ________ if you work at McDonald’s？A、uniformB、wisdomC、twinkleD、curl标准答案：A28．第28题单选题With John _______ there’s more room in the house.A、to be awayB、been awayC、awayD、was away标准答案：C29．第29题单选题 The road ________ to the left as you go up the hill.A、tucksB、curvesC、splitsD、broadens标准答案：B30．第30题单选题 My mother sat and watched me eating my food with a ________ expression on her face —I could tell she had something to say.A、insightfulB、overseasC、fertileD、thoughtful标准答案：D。

中国石油大学石油科技英语第二次在线作业

中国石油大学石油科技英语第二次在线作业第 1题1. In __________, effect on the earth’s electric field of variations in the conductivity and/or permittivity of subsurface rocks are measured.您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：因为题中提到“electric field”所以应选 C第2题2. “地震勘探”的英文是_______________________.您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：因为题中要求地震勘探的英文，地震seismic 勘探exploration所以应选 C第3题 3. Reserves, according to classification by degree of proof, includes____________________您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题涉及储量的分类，根据我们课堂所讲，所以应选 C第 4题 4. With the total recoverable oil or gas reserve of 7.1---71 million tons (50---500 million barrels) the well is a _________________.您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题也是基础知识，课堂上讲过根据储量把油田人为划分超大，大型，中型和小型油田，所以应选 C第 5题 5. The well that is drilled primarily for the purpose of determining that oil or gas actually exists in a subsurface rock formation is a(an) ______________________.您的答案：D题目分数：0.5批注：本题考得是勘探井和开发井等其他井的区别，所以应选 D 第6题6. “绞车”的英文是_______________________.您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考得是钻井机械的英文术语，所以应选 B第7题7. One of the essential features of a rotary drilling system is its____________system, commonly called the mud system.您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：课堂中提到，旋转钻机虽然以旋转系统来命名但它最有特色的系统是循环系统，所以应选 C第8题 8．Mud pump belongs to __________________ system.您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：泥浆自然是循环系统不可缺少的要素，所以应选 C第9题9. __________________ sometimes called the rigsuperintendent is the man in charge of the rig and overall drilling operation.您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：这也是一道词汇题，“tool pusher” 是井队的队长所以选B第10题10. _________________ drive is considered to be the most effective recovery mechanism of all.您的答案：D题目分数：0.5批注：水驱被认为是效率最高的一种开发技术，所以应选 D第11题11. “提高采收率”的英文缩写是_________________________________.您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：这道题考得是词汇加缩写，提高采收率英文是Enhanced Oil Recovery 所以应选 B第 12题 12. The process whereby water vapors --- and certain other vapors as well --- are removed from the gas by either absorption or adsorption will be referred to as______________ 您的答案：A题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题讲的是除水的过程所以应选 A第13题13. “盘管”的英文是___________________________.您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考得是盘管的英文盘为“coil”管为“pipe” 所以应选 D第14题Exploration and production companies belong to midstream sector.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：勘探开发公司属于上游行业不是中游，故错第15题In the real sense, the first petroleum well dug in Titusville, Pennsylvania, USA in 1859 marked the beginning of petroleum industry in modern times.您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5批注：1859打了真正意义上的第一口油井，是现代石油工业的开始，故对第16题 The science of geophysics applies the principles of chemistry to the study of the Earth.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：geophysics指地球物理，而不是地球化学，故错第 17题 Refracted paths in which the principal portion of the path is along the interface between two rock layers, and hence is approximately horizontal.您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：这是地震折射波的特性，故对第18题 Probable reserves are more certain to be recoveredthan proved reserves.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：概算储量不如探明储量那样确定，故错第19题 When a well is drilled, small rock chips called core are recovered from the drilling fluid.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：打井时的碎屑叫岩屑而不是岩心，故错第20题 A drill pipe is a hollow, squared-sided or hexagonal-sided length of steel tubing.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：这是方钻杆的描述，而不是钻杆的描述，故错第21题Directional drilling is essential in deep offshore operations such as those in the North Sea. By means of directional drilling, twenty-five or thirty wells can be sunk （抽油）from a single location, therefore, save a lot of money.您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：这是定向井的作用和优点，故对第 22题 Light oil have API gravities of over 40 (0.83 specific gravity), whereas heavy oils have API gravities of less than 10 (1.0 specific gravity).您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：API对于轻质油和重质油的定义如此，故对第 23题 Oil is commonly associated with natural gas deposits, a certain amount of natural gas may be obtained from wells that were drilled primarily for oil production. These are known as natural gas wells您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：主要用于油的生产的井叫油井而非气井，故错。

中国石油大学石油科技英语第一次在线作业

第1题“粘稠度”的英文是您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第2题“烃”的英文是您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第3题“沉积岩”的英文是您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第4题“液化石油气”的英文是您的答案：E题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第5题“储集岩”的英文是您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第6题“圈闭”的英文是您的答案：A题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第7题“运移”的英文是您的答案：A题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第8题“生成”的英文是您的答案：E题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第9题“地层圈闭”的英文是您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第10题“核心经营”的英文是您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第11题“相”的英文是您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题考的是英文词汇第12题 Exploration and production companies belong to midstream sector.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题是知识题，勘探和开发公司应属于上游行业故错第13题 The prevailing theory of the origin of petroleum is inorganic theory.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题是知识题，石油生成学说目前被大多数人认可的应是有机生成说，故错。

第14题 Permeability describes the rate of flow of fluids through rocks.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：本题是知识题，达西定律描述的是流体通过岩石的速度，而不是渗透率，故错。

中国石油大学《大学英语(一)》复习题及答案

《大学英语》第一册期末复习题Part I. 词汇和语法单项选择题：请从每小题A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并将相应选项的字母填入空白处。

1. There are several ______ students in our grade.A. hundredB. hundreds ofC. hundred ofD. hundreds of the2. Seven minutes for us to finish the jobs _____ quite enough.A. areB. amC. isD. were3. What _____ bad news! My parents order me to finish _____ hard work in_____ bad weather.A. a, such a, such aB. / ,such, suchC. / ,such, soD. a , such, such a4. English is always heard _____ in these days of China.A. taughtB. be taughtC. have taughtD. to be taught5. Can you tell me how _____ medicine has ____?A. many, lostB. much, lostC. many, been lostD. much, been lost6. _____ New Year is coming, what will you do on _____ New Year ’s Day?A. /; theB. /; /C. The; aD. The, /7. I ’ve left my pen and now I ’ve no one _____.A. to writeB. to write byC. to writ forD. to write with8. It was too noisy for me _____.A. to go to bedB. to fall asleepC. to get to asleepD. to go to asleep9. What _____ you sing if she plays the piano for you?A. would likeB. didC. doD. will10. When the hard job_____, we ’ll travel to the Great Wall.A. is finishedB. was finishedC. will be finishedD. has been finished11. Here is a letter from Paris_____ you, written _____ a red pen.A. for; onB. to; withC. for ; withD. from; by12. Who ’s the girl _____ _____ the sun?A. is standing, underB. standing, underC. standing, inD. stood, below13. Those cakes on the table taste _____.A. badB. wellC. deliciouslyD. Badly14._____ are you taking care______?A. Whom, aboutB. Of whom, /C. Who, ofD. Where, of15. They are scientists, just _____ their parents were.A. likeB. asC. soD. with16. He _____ walk in the morning by the lake.A. were oftenB. used toC. was liked toD. was used to17. My mother wanted me to have a picnic with her, and _____.A. so did IB. so I didC. I did soD. so did me18. Last year in Tai-Mountain we often watch the sun _____ in the east.A. risesB. roseC. riseD. would rise19. I often mistake glass ___a cup, now I know a cup is something___ a cover on the top.A. for, byB. by, forC. for, withD. for, like20. _____ a book _____ you wrote is very helpful.A. So, asB. Such , likeC. Such, soD. Such, as21. Tom received a letter _____ by his parents which was filled with love.A. was writtenB. writingC. writtenD. was writing22. He did nothing except _____.A. watchingB. to watchC. watchedD. watch23. The room is too noisy for us _____.A. to read a bookB. to read books inC. to read a book in itD. reading a book in24. I ’m very sorry for _____.A. my being lateB. be lateC. my lateD. to my being late25. My television is broken again, it needs _____.A. to repairedB. to be repairedC. being repairedD. repairs26. What a pity it is that in _____ a big country there ’s _____ forest!A. so, so manyB. such, such manyC. so, such littleD. such, so little27. Do you know who ’s _____ of the twin sisters?A. quickerB. more quickC. the quickestD. the quicker28. Don ’t touch that bottle, it is _____ broken.A. easilyB. easyC. more easilyD. easier29. Are all the students able to say it _____ English language?A. in theB. inC. withD. use30.The park is wonderful. In it _____ many kinds of animals.A. isB. wasC. areD. were31. You ’d better go there by bus. It ’s about _____.A. ten minutes ’rideB. ten minutes rideC. a ten-minute rideD. ten minute ride32. Sorry, _____ are dirty now. I have to wash them first.A. both of handsB. my hands bothC. my both handsD. both my hands33. The rich beat the poor_____.A. on the faceB. in his faceC. in the faceD. on his face34. They all wished _____ a happy birthday.A. meB. I will haveC. me haveD. I ’m having35. Early to bed and early to rise _____ a man healthy, wealthy and wise.A. makesB. makeC. doD. will maken36. Would you please tell me _____ ？A. how to doB. what to doC. where to doD. when to do37. Your husband will be quite well_____.A. in a few day ’B s.for a few day C. after a few days D. in a few days38. The price is too_____, I want to buy _____ ones.A. expensive; cheapB. high; expensiveC. expensive; expensiveD. high; cheap39. He was very happy for he had _____ the exam.A. passedB. passC. pastedD. past40. Look, behind the Class 4 runner_____ Lin Tao and FangYong.A. wasB. areC. wereD. is41. Can you _____ the difference between the two different vegetables? Please ____me.A. tell, tellB. say, tellC. speak, sayD. tell, talk42. Please stop _____ to the boys . They are all_____.A. talking, sleptB. to talk, asleepC. talking, sleepingD. to talk, sleeping43. _____ the oldest of the three woman?A. Whom do you think isB. Who you think isC. Who do you think isD. Do you think whom is44. I don ’t agree _____ this plan, but I agree _____ you.A. with, onB. on, withC. to, withD. with, to45. _____ great noise it is!A. What aB. HowC. What anD. How a46. He often _____ his keys in our classroom before.A. leftB. leavesC. forgetsD. forgot47. The Chinese _____ a hard-working people.A. areB. wereC. isD. was48. Though I didn ’t hear _____ him, I heard _____ him.A. about, fromB. about, ofC. from, ofD. about,/49. ---Someone is knocking at the door. Who _____ it be? ---It must be Mr. Brown.A. mustB. canC. mayD. shall50. How could you buy _____ little presents for him with _____ little money?A. so, suchB. so, soC. such, suchD. such, so51. --- Please don ’t make a noise. --- _____. I ll ’b e as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I won ’tB. Yes, I don ’tC. No, I won ’tD. No, I don ’t52.I ’ve looked for my pen_____. But I can ’t find it_____.A. anywhere, somewhereB. everywhere, anywhereC. somewhere, everywhereD. everywhere, everywhere53. Mary, it ’s you! I _____ you _____ here.A. don ’t know, areB. didn ’t know, wereC. don ’t know, wereD. haven ’t know, are54. Do you know she ’s as _____ girl as you?A. good aB. well aC. a wellD. a good55. _____ we had yesterday!A. What a bad weatherB. How a bad weatherC. What bad weatherD. How bad weather56. After cleaning the windows, he ____ the floor.A. go on sweepingB. went on to sweepC. went on sweepD. went on sweeping57. --- What did you write _____ the card? ---Best wishes_____ you, Miss Yang!A. in, ofB. in, forC. on, forD. on, to58. He ___ two days _____ repairing the car.A. paid, forB. spent, inC. spent, onD. takes, to59. Could I borrow your dictionary? _____.A. Yes, you may borrowB. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourselfD. Yes, go on.60. Which is _____ country, Canada or China?A. biggerB. the biggestC. the biggerD. a big61. A plane is _____ faster than a bike.A. hundreds of timeB. hundred of timeC. hundreds of timesD. hundred times62. We will have a meeting _____.A. at the night of twenty-one of MayB. at the night of May twenty-oneC. on the night of twentieth-first of MayD. on the night of twenty-first of May63. We have been good friends _____.A. after many yearsB. many years agoC. since many yearsD. for many years64. He has no car _____.A. of his ownB. of ownC. of own hisD. his own65. He wrote _____ letter to his parents yesterday.A. an 800- word ’sB. a 800 wordC. an 800-wordD. 800 words ’66. Mr. Black is ____ weaker than his wife.A. moreB. evenC. veryD. most67. Would you please _____ the bottle _____ ?A. fill, fullB. full, fillC. to fill , fullD. full, filled68. They made the fire _____ warm..A. keep B . to keep C. keeping D. keeps69. Please ask him which story _____ best.A. does he likeB. he likeC. likes heD. he likes70. _____ will all join in the English party.A. I, you and heB. You, he and IC. You, I and heD. He, you and I71. We should help her when she is ________.A. in troubleB. in a troubleC. in the troubleD. in troubles72. The policeman kept the thief ________ for four hours.A. standingB. to standC. to sitD. siting73. I want to visit England ______.A. if it possibleB. as soon possibleC. as soon as possibleD. if possible74. They ______Hong Kong twice.A. have gone toB. have been toC. have been inD. have gone in75. I have never seen _____film before.A. a so interestingB. a such interestingC. so a interestingD. such an interesting76. Everyone went to the zoo last Sunday ______Jim.A. butB. notC. exceptD. besides77. What ______just now?A. was happenedB. were happenedC. happenedD. happens78. If you miss so many lessons, you must fall behind ____ classmates.A. anotherB. the othersC. otherD. the other79. ______ did Lin Tao say about Mount Emei?A. WhatB. HowC. WhenD. Why80. I ’m afraid ______ you may be late.A. whenB. thatC. whyD. how81. I ______ able to sing any song but this one.A. mayB. canC. amD. would82. Everybody is here _______ Jim Green.A. asB. withC. onD. except83. Which of these do you think is ____ useful invention?A. the moreB. the second moreC. mostD. the second most84. Do you know where ______ from?A. he comeB. he comesC. did he comeD. does he came85. Our teacher saw us ______ on the desks and went out of the classroom.A. to sitB. satC. sitingD. sitting86. I______ maths and science.A. interestB. am interestingC. am interestedD. am interested in87. Linda will look after the children _____ we ’re away.A. thatB. duringC. whileD. where88. David was born _____.A. since twenty years agoB. for twenty yearsC. twenty years agoD. just over twenty years89.Mike _____ his homework three hours ago.A. finishedB. has finishedC. is finishingD. is going to finish90.--____ have you been at this factory? --I've been here since 1993.A. WhenB. How longC. What timeD. How oftenPart II. 阅读理解题：请阅读以下九篇文章，然后从每道题的四个选项中选择出最适合的那个选项，将其相应的字母填写到空白处。

中国石油大学(华东) 科技英语习题

1. The smaller and newer universities do not _______ the staff or equipment to carry out the practical research projects possible in larger institutions.A. protectB. preventC. possessD. process[2].2. What she achieved in her research might _______ what she had been expecting and might make contribution to the domain.A. exceedB. exclaimC. excessD. extend[3].3. Whoever wishes to succeed may have to _______ disappointment and failure before experiencing success.A. undergoB. underlieC. undermineD. underline[4].4. This generation of fuels is extraordinarily environmental-friendly and also easily _______ into the soil without pollution.A. decomposeB. decompressC. decreaseD. decorate[5].5. Differences between languages _______ the different modes of thinking as thinking is the basis of language.A. distinguish fromB. deviate fromC. deliver fromD. derive from[6].6. If your rates meet with our _______, we will sign a contract with your company.A. approachB. aptitudeC. approvalD. application[7].7. If a country wants to develop its economy successfully, there has to be a clear _______ of its social needs.A. aptitudeB. assuranceC. insuranceD. assessment[8].8. Astronauts are _______ all kinds of tests before they are actually sent up in a spacecraft.A. inclined toB. subjected toC. prone toD. bound to[9].9. This aircraft’s safety record is a(an) _______ testament to its designers’ skill.A. sensitiveB. sensibleC. imaginativeD. impressive[10].10. I am a seasoned and honorable English teacher with a unique way to train both fellow teachers and office _______.A. groupB. individualC. personnelD. corporation11. He was accused of trying to use military forces to _______ voters on election day.A. stimulateB. intimidateC. imitateD. simulate[12].12. The directory, which is corrected and _______ every year, can become one of your best friends if you take trouble to know it well.A. updatedB. streamlinedC. enrichedD. distorted[13].13. It will be safer to walk on the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial _______ will be conducted by computer.A. transitionsB. transmissionsC. transactionsD. transformations[14].14. If you _______ something, you get it back from the place where you left it.A. compensateB. remedyC. supplementD. retrieve[15].15. In this case it is desirable to _______ additional oxidizer into the composition.A. mixB. incorporateC. combineD. identify[16].16. Some futurologists, in particular, have taken this important moment to _______ and describe a new century to us.A. seeB. considerC. thinkD. envision[17].17. For example, in a _______ space, students can “dissect” a human body, “visit” ancient battlefields, or “talk” with Shakespeare.A. separateB. realC. virtualD. isolated[18].18. After the tracheotomy operation, he lost the ability to _______ his feelings and only those who were very close could understand him by lip movement.A. verbalizeB. showC. expressD. discuss[19].19. If you are to give a talk, try to _______ your ideas to a few points in note form, so that you can speak freely from your notes rather than read out the whole speech.A. diminishB. decreaseC. reduceD. decline[20].20. Before the game team captains _______ a coin, the winner has the right to serve first. The loser has the right to choose ends.A. tossB. hurlC. flingD. pitch[21].21. The opposition reckoned the tax would allow the government to splurge before _______ elections next year.A. principalB. multipleC. municipalD. mutual[22].22. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock exchange and in the _______ of bond market.A. relianceB. orientationC. allianceD. reliability[23].23. In Japan, service is viewed not as a luxury, but as an essential _______ for the success of individual companies.A. recipeB. compoundC. ingredientD. facet[24].24. The massive quantities of salt water can further _______ soils, rendering them unsuitable for many crops.A. contemplateB. articulateC. consolidateD. contaminate[25].25. The price of vegetables _______ according to the weather, the season and the demand and supply.A. fluttersB. fluctuatesC. flushesD. flourishes[26].26. She devised a plan _______ they might escape from the tightly guarded prison.A. whereasB. whereinC. wherebyD. whereabouts[27].27. The pupils were asked by the teacher to do some exercises concerning the _______ from yards into meters.A. conventionB. conversionC. contentionD. contemplation[28].28. Will individual schools be given the right to _______ out of the local school authority?A. obsessB. orientC. obligeD. opt[29].29. The British government had decided to _______ the troops stationed here, so maybe several months later you will be able to be with your family again.A. take outB. phase outC. bring outD. wipe out[30].30. Tim and Teddy seemed to be alienated these days; there must have been some misunderstandings between them,and I hope they can _______ the misunderstandings.A. clean upB. get outC. turn outD. iron outThe Surface of MarsParagraph 1The surface of Mars shows a wide range of geologic features, including huge volcanoes-the largest known in the solar system-and extensive impact cratering. Three very large volcanoes are found on the Tharsis bulge, an enormous geologic area near Mars's equator. Northwest of Tharsis is the largest volcano of all: Olympus Mons, with a height of 25 kilometers and measuring some 700 kilometers in diameter at its base. The three large volcanoes on the Tharsis bulge are a little smaller-a "mere" 18 kilometers high.Paragraph 2None of these volcanoes was formed as a result of collisions between plates of the Martian crust-there is no plate motion on Mars. Instead, they are shield volcanoes-volcanoes with broad, sloping slides formed by molten rock. All four show distinctive lava channels and other flow features similar to those found on shield volcanoes on Earth. Images of the Martian surface reveal many hundreds of volcanoes. Most of the largest volcanoes are associated with the Tharsis bulge, but many smaller ones are found in the northern plains.Paragraph 3The great height of Martian volcanoes is a direct consequence of the planet's low surface gravity. As lava flows and spreads to form a shield volcano, the volcano's eventual height depends on the new mountain's ability to support its own weight. The lower the gravity, the lesser the weight and the greater the height of the mountain. It is no accident that Maxwell Mons on Venus and the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth rise to about the same height (about 10 kilometers) above their respective bases-Earth and Venus have similar surface gravity. Mars's surface gravity is only 40 percent that of Earth, so volcanoes rise roughly 2.5 times as high. Are the Martian shield volcanoes still active? Scientists have nodirect evidence for recent or ongoing eruptions, but if these volcanoes were active as recently as 100 million, years ago (an estimate of the time of last "eruption based on the extent of impact cratering on their slopes), some of them may still be at least intermittently active. Millions of years, though, may pass between eruptions.Paragraph 4Another prominent feature of Mars's surface is cratering. The Mariner spacecraft found that the surface of Mars, as well as that of its two moons, is pitted with impact craters formed by meteoroids falling in from space. As on our Moon, the smaller craters are often filled with surface matter-mostly dust-confirming that Mars is a dry desert world. However, Martian craters get filled in considerably faster than their lunar counterparts. On the Moon, ancient craters less than 100 meters across (corresponding to depths of about 20 meters) have been obliterated, primarily by meteoritic erosion. On Mars, there are relatively few craters less than 5 kilometers in diameter. The Martian atmosphere is an efficient erosive agent, with Martian winds transporting dust from place to place and erasing surface features much faster than meteoritic impacts alone can obliterate them.Paragraph 5As on the Moon, the extent of large impact cratering (i.e.craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicator for the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars's southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way.Paragraph 6The detailed appearance of Martian impact craters provides an important piece of information about conditions just below the planet's surface. Martian craters are surrounded by ejecta (debris formed as a result of an impact) that looks quite different from its lunar counterparts. A comparison of the Copernicus crater on the Moon with the (fairly typical) crater Yuty on Mars demonstrates the differences. The ejecta surrounding the lunar crater is just what one would expect from an explosion ejecting a large volume of dust, soil, andboulders.However, the ejecta on Mars gives the distinct impression of a liquid that has splashed or flowed out of crater. Geologists think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost, or water ice, lies just a few meters under the surface. Explosive impacts heated and liquefied the ice, resulting in the fluid appearance of the ejecta.[31].1、The word "distinctive” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA. DeepB. ComplexC. CharacteristicD. Ancient[32].2、According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following is NOT true of the shield volcanoes on the Tharsis bulge?A. They have broad, sloping sides.B. They are smaller than the largest volcano on Mars.C. They have channels that resemble the lava channels of volcanoes on Earth.D. They are over 25 kilometers tall.[33].3、In paragraph 3, why does the author compare Maxwell Mons on Venus to the Hawaiian shield volcanoes on Earth?A. To help explain the relationship between surface gravity and volcano heightB. To explain why Mars's surface gravity is only 40 percent of Earth'sC. To point out differences between the surface gravity of Earth and the surface gravity of VenusD. To argue that there are more similarities than differences between volcanoes on different planets[34].4、According to paragraph 5, what have scientists been able to determine from studies of large impact cratering on Mars?A. Some Martian volcanoes are much older ithan was once thought.B. The age of Mars's surface can vary from area to area.C. Large impact craters are not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity.D. Some areas of the Martian surface appear to be $Wer than they actually are.[35].[36].[37].5、Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.Volcanoes and impact craters are major features of Martian geology. A. Plate motion on Mars, once considered to have played no role in shaping the planets surface, isnow seen as being directly associated with the planet's earliest volcanoes. B．Mars has shield volcanoes, some of which are extremely tall because of the planet"s low surfacegravity.C. Although the erosive power of the Martian atmosphere ensures that Mars has fewer craters than theMoon does, impact craters are prominent on Mars' s surface.D. Scientists cannot yet reliably estimate the age of the Martian surface because mere has been toomuch erosion of it.E. Scientists have been surprised to discover that conditions just below the surface of Mars are verysimilar to conditions just below the surface of the MoonF. Studies of crater ejecta have revealed the possibility of a layer of permafrost below the surface ofMars.填空题[教师自编][题数:10;分数:10分]The number of fake websites is on the rise as the end of the year approaches. Hackers are using malicious software(=malware) and fraudulent欺诈的, 不正的, 不诚实的Web pages to steal valuable information from Internet users. Online theft , fraud have become a serious [38]. to user's security once again.According to the latest security reports released by major anti-virus software developers, the number of malware embedded嵌入webpages and phishing网络钓鱼（以虚假的身份和形象随机骗取个人帐号和密码）websites is [39]. .Tong Yong, engineer of Kingsoft Internet Security Co., said, "Our analysis indicates that there are more than 100,000 [40]. Web address linked to phishing websites. More than 300 new phishing addresses are generated every day."Phishing is the criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire [41]. ,such as usernames, passwords and credit card details, by masquerading假装，冒充as a reputable声誉好的website.In China, auction sites拍卖网站like and online payment processors like are the main targets of phishing.Tong Yong said, "Fake Taobao and Alipay websites target people's bank [42]. .We have observed an apparent increase in the number of phishing victims."One notorious臭名昭著的phishing website emulates仿真，模仿the home page of one of CCTV's most-watched game shows. It lures引诱netizens into a trap by offering [43]. prizes to an unsuspecting public.Wang Xin, vice president of Kingsoft Internet Security Co., said, "The general public cannot identify the fake website, and bank information, even passwords, are easily stolen on these sites."An Internet Security Alliance has been formed to deal with the growing number of [44]. cases. It comprises包含，由...组成IT firms such as Taobao, Kingsoft, Alipay, and Maxthon.Ni Liang, director of Taobao Internet Security Dept., said, "We need every facet(方)面of s ociety to unite against phishing websites, so that we can improve our odds可能性of winning."As the leading auction website in Asia, Taobao has long been the [45]. of online phishing. The website is planning to invest 100 million yuan to crack down打击，制裁on phishing. However, the company says the [46]. of a few firms is far from enough. Netizens' support is another essential [47]. to uproot根除the phishing websites.参考答案1~5 CAAAA 6~10 ADBDC 11~15 BACDB 16~20 DCCBA 21~25 BDDDB 26~30 CBDBD31~34 CDAB 35~37 BCF38 threat 39 on the rise 40 active 41 sensitive information 42 deposits 43 fake 44 phishing45 victim 46 joint effort 47 ingredient。

中国石油大学(华东)远程教育英语复习题.docx

科技英语综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure (词汇与结构)1.As parts of the world become ___ B __ , millions of people will try to migrate to more _______ areas・A.hospitable... uninhabitableB. uninhabitable.…hospitableC・ habitable... inhospitable D. inhospitable •…uninhabiiable2.A(n) __C ____ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is runningin an election or applying for a job・A. astronomerB. scientistC・ candidate D・ researcher3.There are scientific satellites in _______ B _____ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliableworldwide coverage・A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line4.The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses__ B _______ the areas in greater depth・A. classifyB.investigateC. clear D・ examine5.Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite _____ D __ now.A. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6.If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to becomeimtable even if their total amount of sleep has been _____ B __ .A. efficientB. sufficientC・ deficient D.proficient7.Linda didn^t like the work because it lacked ______ C ____ ; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. anxietyB. priorityC・ variety D・ society& She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely _____________ h erself.9.After he was attacked, he managed toA・ poundto the phone and call for help.B. comeC.turnD. stagger1(). The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌)in his body would ____ A. the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can a child's education, especially between the ages of eleven andsixteen.A. upsclB. balanceC・ disrupt D. disorder12. China's news media is following world trend by marketization and into enterprises.A・ conversion B・ translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack whichdemonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transported B・ targetedC. yielded D・ aimed14. The general secretary's decision to invest was a mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.A. firmB. privateC. costly D・ incentive15.1 feel nervous about the of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.A. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs toA. affectB. effectC. infect D・ perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social isnever considered.18. One's appearance docs not always ________ with his quality, so don^t judge people by looks・A. compareB. coincideC・ collide D・ content19・ We work best in a peaceful and comfortable __________ so as to increase our productivity and relieve our exhaustio n.A. paceB. atmosphereC. rhyme D・ hemisphere20.The new _________ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lotof attentio n.A. vision B・ versionC・ variation D. verification21.The news slowly ___________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried aboutthe uncertainty of the future・A. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed22.We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn't place them ________ .A. in registerB. to documentC. in between D・ on record23.The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ________ it will still be quite substantial.A. in no caseB. in any caseC・ in case of D. in case24.Sometimes you can _________ valuable antiques by chance - for example when you5re clearing out anold building.A. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down25.Obviously you came here intending to ________ the United States and you will need a work visa.A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in26.You will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to ________ with the bad ones that32. For such a tiny woman she had a(n) courage to fight against two thieves.can cause so much embarrassment and distress. A. deal B. agree C. calculate D.endeavor 27. We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large A. quantity B. scale C. quality D ・ proportion 2& It is a universal that man is different from all the other animals because man can communicate with each other by means of language. A. admission B. permission C ・ acknowledgment D ・ advancement 29. Due to the limited seating of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the press conference. A. capacity B ・ capability C. possibility D. probability 30. When he applied for a in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager. A. position B. location C ・ profession D. career 31. The island's population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual until only 40 people were left. A. declination B. incline C ・ inclination D ・ decline A. incredible B ・resistant C. staple D. massive 33. One cause of the current food crisis is and food prices are high in part because of the dry weather in these places. A. flood B.cough C. rough D. drought 34. Coal can beinto gas with the help of the modem technology.35.Many Internet users arc worried about their privacy being __________ and their secrets being revealed byonline hackers・A. invadedB. intakenC・ invented D・ investigated36.The new ______ edition of this book focuses speciflcally on the complexities of grammatical choicesthat students need to master.A. alteredB. convertedC・ modified D・ revised37.The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its ____________ ・A. habitatsB.inhabitantsC. habitsD. inherits3& Enough lava had ___________ from the volcano to bury the entire village・A. disruptedB. splashedC. eruptedD. spilt39.You are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devotedB. entitledC・ accessed D・contributed40.Time and time again, women seem to _______ on promotion and career opportunities.A. fall outB. lose outC. wipe outD. put out41.______ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience・A. SomeoneB. Anyone C・ No one D. Everyone42.Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ________ i t means standing in a queue all night.A. as ifB. providedC. even ifD. whatever43.Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders ________ will happen to her private life.A. howB. whoC. whatD. that44.If the whole program _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not plannedC. would not be planned B.were not plannedD. had not been planned45.More and more families have moved elsewhere because they cannot _____________ the noise from theneighboring airport.A. come up withB. put up withC. catch up with D・ keep up with46.Her sun-tanned face suggested that she ________ i n excellent health.A. beB. isC. wasD. were47.Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they __________ b etter health・A. could have enjoyed B・ had enjoyedC.have been enjoyingD. are enjoying48.This magazine is very _____ with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similar D・ Particular49.____ t wice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. Bitten C・ Having been bitten D. To be bitten50.The morning paper ______ a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C..A. carriedB. extended C・ brought D. TookPart II Identification （判断正误）1.No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang・2.As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army.3・ It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job・4.1 invited Joe and Linda as well as Tom to dinner, but none of them came.5.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you don't mind taking the night train.6.Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow?7.But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competitio n.8 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than lived with their knees bent.9.It is no good try to remember grammatical rules.You need to practice what you have learned・10.The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every yea匚11.Equipped with modem facilities, toda/s hospitals are quite different from that of the past.12.We solved the problem by using a computer rather than doing it all by hand.13.Over the past 20 years , the internet has helped change our world in cither way or anotherfor the better.14.How and why this language has survived for more than a thousand years, while spoken by very few， was hard to explain.15.Nearly half of Americans aged 25 take part in some form of continued education.Part III Word-filling （单词填空）1.Georgia said it would take a _____ （咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2.In most western countries, upon reaching an a ____ （适当"勺）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to "leave the nesf\3.Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to a ______ （废除）this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality.4.But party spokesman, and then the new government, said that for children aged under 11 support wouldc __ （终11：） at the end of primary education, while for those already in secondary education, assistance would continue until the end of schooling.5.The current trade d __ （》下字）indicates a serious imbalance between our import and export trade・6.Have you considered being s—（赞助）during your time at university? You should, because many students have found it a great help not only during their time as an undergraduate but also in securing employment after graduating.7.The increasing ____ （employ） caused social unrest, therefore the government must take prompt and effective measures to resolve it・8.It took the authorities a long time to make ____ （identify） of the accident victims.9.1 want our youngsters to follow their own skills and ______ （ambitious）, and not to be confined by artificial barriers and outdated social conventions・10.Supplies may __ （fluctuation） according to seasonal availability but you'll always find a wide selection.11.The ____ （extract） of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on lhe landscape・14.Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u ___ （故终地）the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public・15.He condemned the w ___ （》良费）of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport・Part IV Sentence translation （句子翻译）A.E-C Translation （英汉翻译）1・ But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful ——and you don't have to be an Olympian to benefit.2.Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past.3.While cautioning that margin of eiror was large eno ugh for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.4.There has been some concern that the larger denomination notes 一 a 500 note is worth approximately 315 at the current exchange rate 一will be rich pickings for counterfeiters, especially in the early days as people get used to the new currency.5.Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon （hydrogen and carbon）compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities.6.In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and muchmore urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?7.But genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regionswhere water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.8・ If you are successful, you won't have to go ask for a raise or accept what you5re given or worry about being turned out when a younger version of yourself comes along・9.Planning involves setting the firm's objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods to achieve theseobjectives・10.He was satisfied with his new car, and drove to work in it the very next day.11.You and your team can discover the answers to problems together.12.Students can study by themselves through school network..13.There is something urgent for you to do right now.14.They have been working together for three months and have come to know each other better.15.Because there was heavy traffic, we were ten minutes late.16.We f re mnning behind schedule by about 15 minutes.17.Once all the information is completed, you sign here.18.Fires may do more damage than the earthquakes・19.Twelve people take part in the experiment, four working as a group.20.Red and green light, if mixed in the right proportion, will give us yellow.B. C-E Translation （汉英翻译）1.请允许我向你的成功农示祝贺。

中石油华东2014年春季学期《科技英语》在线考试(适用于2014年6月份考试)

2014年春季学期《科技英语》在线考试(适用于2014年6月份考试)单选题阅读理解阅读理解完型填空主观填空题主观填空题论述题其他题判断题一、单选题（共15 道试题，共15 分。

）1. _____ I don't like are the long, dark nights of winter.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. This-----------------选择：B2. The king blamed （）and taxes for high oil prices and suggested setting up a program of 1 billion U.S. dollars similar to those that OPEC set up before to solve the oil crisisA. peculiarityB. speculationC. spectacularD. inspect-----------------选择：B3. The managing director took the （）for the accident, although it was not really his faultA. guiltB. blameC. accusationD. charge-----------------选择：B4. Recent laws have tended to______ the freedom of the press in this country.A. exceedB. restrictC. convertD. resolve-----------------选择：B5. When climbing the hill, John was knocked unconscious by an （）rolling stoneA. untouchedB. unfamiliarC. unexpectedD. unbelievable-----------------选择：C6. Having taken our seats,______.A. the professor began the lecture。

石大科技英语资料

请看清答案顺序再做！《科技英语》资料Part I Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, it only directly studies the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earth’s crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earth’s crust.Geology is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with origin of landscapes and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of the animals and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the earth’s crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in agriculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them.Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas, liquid, semisolid, or solid, or in more than one of these states at a single place. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities. Liquid petroleum, which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil, is the most important commercially. It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and impurities.Petroleum gas, commonly called natural gas to distinguish it from manufactured gas, consists of the lighter paraffin hydrocarbons, of which the most abundant is methane gas (CH4). The semisolid and solid forms of petroleum consist of the heavy hydrocarbons and bitumens.Geology plays an important role in the search for oil and natural gas. Four prerequisites are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed, and a marine shale, once a black mud rich in organic compounds, is thought to be a common source rock. (2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally. Oil cannot move through the tiny openings of the shale source beds rapidly enough to be extracted profitably. (3) A nonpermeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed. Since oil is lighter than water, it tends to move upward through openings and cracks until it encounters impervious beds that it cannot penetrate. The oil may then accumulate beneath the impervious layers. Some gas occurs in solution within the oil, and if enough is present it separates out to occupy the uppermost region of such a trap. (4) A favorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil and anticlines, salt plugs, and faults are common examples. A fault zone may itself be impervious, or faulting may haveshifted an impervious bed so that it now blocks a reservoir bed. Stratigraphic traps tend to be more difficult to locate and may form where tilted reservoir beds are overlain unconformably by impervious layers or where the reservoir beds become thinner up-dip and wedge out within enclosing impervious beds. Thus oil that was once distributed in sparse amounts throughout a very large volume of rock may now be richly concentrated within the uppermost portions of favorable reservoir rocks.The task of the geologist is the location of promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable for the occurrence of the other prerequisites. Drilling a hole is then the only known method of determining whether or not oil is present in the structure.1. What is mainly dealt with in the passage?A. The formation of oil.B. The formation of rocks.C. The general introduction of geology.√D. The roles of geology in finding oil.2. Geology is a natural science and it does NOT study______.A. the minerals in the earth’s crustB. the rocks in the earth’s crustC. the evolution and development of the earthD. the origin of the atmosphere surrounding the earth √3. One prerequisite for oil to accumulate in quantity is that the oil originates in ______.A. a source rock √B. a black mudC. the seawaterD. organic compounds4. In the formation of oil, a nonpermeable layer above a reservoir bed is necessary because it can ______.A. accelerate the travel speed of the oilB. hinder the oil to move upward √C. help the oil to move upwardD. help people to discover the oil5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Drilling a hole is one of the known methods of determining whether or not oil is present inthe structure.B. A geologist usually tries to locate promising structures in regions where rocks are favorablefor the occurrence of the other prerequisites. √C. An unfavorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil.D. A permeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed.Passage 2In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, New ton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inverselyproportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories —the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other — they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both — a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.6. According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for ______.A. a model of the universeB. a restricted part of the universe √C. a set of rulesD. a reality7. The difference between Aristotle’s theory and Newton’s theory is ______.A. Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newton’s cannot.B. Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.C. Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newton’scannot. √D. Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotle’scannot.8. The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is_________.A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theoriesB. to invent one theory to describe the whole universeC. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics √D. to study the origin of the universe9．It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is ______.A. inversely proportional to their massB.inversely proportional to the square of the distance between themC. proportional to the square of the distance between themD. proportional to the constitution of them √10．According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are ______.A. Newton’s theory of gravity and the general theory of relativityB. Newton’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanicsC. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics √D. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravityPassage 3The current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an ―oil weapon‖by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a ―security margin‖in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from manyfactors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies of equipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.11. The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargo √B. making effective coordination among those industrialized countriesC. promoting cooperation in making policies about energyD. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries12. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.B.Its members include developed and developing countries. √C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.13. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.A. various supply sourcesB. stable energy markets √C. the largest profitsD. reasonable prices14. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.A. recognize the reality of energy shortageB. guarantee the stability of energy marketC.realize the unity of the worldwide market √D. protect one’s independent interests15. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. convince readers that energy security is importantB. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.C. inform readers what the energy security system is likeD. present principles for ensuring energy security √Passage 4I spent some of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge ―antlers‖, som e with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save some species —be it an elephant or an orchid —in a nation in which a sizable percentage of the people are living below the poverty line?Such questions make me uneasy about promoting wildlife conservation in impoverished nations. Nonetheless, I believe that we can —and should —do a great deal. It’s a matter of changing priorities. Plenty of money is available for scientific field studies and conferences on endangering species. But what about boots and vehicles for park personnel who protect wildlife from poachers? What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by.People in poor countries should not be asked to choose between their own short-term survival and long-term environmental needs. If their governments are willing to protect the environment, the money needed should come from international sources. To me, the choice is clear. Either the more affluent world helps now or the world as a whole will lose out.Of course, we must be careful not to allow the establishment of slush funds or rely on short-term, haphazard handouts that the world would probably go to waste. We need a permanent global endowment devoted to wildlife protection, funded primarily by the governments of the industrial nations and international aid agencies. The principal could remain invested in the donor nations as the interest flowed steadily into conservation efforts.How to use those funds would be a matter of endless debate. Should local communities beentitled to set the agenda, or should outside experts take control? Should limited hunting be allowed in parks, or should they be put off limits? Mistakes will be made, the landscape will keep changing, and species will still be lost, but the difficulty of the task should not lead us to abandon hope. Man y of the planet’s natural habitats are gone forever, bur many others can be saved and in time restored.A major challenge for the 21st century is to preserve as much of our natural estate as possible. Let us resist with all our efforts any moves to reduce the amount of wild land available for wild species. And let us call upon the world’s richest nations to provide the money to make that possible. That would not be a contribution to charity; it would be an investment in the future of humanity —and all life on Earth.16. The purpose of the author’s work on the eastern shores of Lake Turkana was ______.A. to discover the fossil history of African mammalsB. to search for the traces of the extinct animal speciesC. to discover the fossils of human being’s predecessors √D. to study the fragments of the fossils of the ancestors of African mammals17. The following is true EXCEPT ______.A. The welfare of the human species is bound up with that of the other species.B. Human development in agriculture and industry speeds up the process of distinction of somespecies.C. Fossil history suggests that 95% of the species will be a failure in their struggles for survival.√D. The process of the extinction of species seems to be going on ceaselessly.18. To which of the following would the author probably say ―No‖?A. Should we be concerned about the extinction of the species, which has been accelerated bythe expansion of agriculture and industry?B. Should a nation, most of whose people are still living below the poverty line, spend largesums of money to preserve species?C. Is it necessary to provide woodcutters in poverty-stricken nations with the economicalternatives to making a living on cutting down trees? √D. Is it necessary to change our priorities and provide more equipment and support for wildlifeprotection personnel?19. The author’s main purpose of writing this article is ______.A. to champion a global fund mainly from the affluent nations and international efforts topreserve the wildlife √B. to warn the rich nations against the losing out in protecting the global environmentC. to persuade the impoverished people to sacrifice their short-term benefit for long-termprotection of the biodiversityD. to take into account the difficulty of wildlife protection and stop endless debate20. The author’s attitude towards preserving the natural habitats is ______.A. uncertainB. positive√C. hopelessD. uneasyPassage 5The Internet seems to have just arrived, so how can we possibly imagine what will replace it? In truth, early versions of the Net have been around since the 1960s and 70s, but only after the mid-1990s did it begin to have a serious public impact. Since 1994, the population of users hasgrown from about 13 million to more than 300 million around the world.What will the Internet be like 20 years from now?Like the rest of infrastructure, the Internet will eventually seem to disappear by becoming widespread. Most access will probably be via high-speed, low-power radio links. Most handheld, fixed and mobile appliances will be Internet enabled. This trend is already discernible in the form of Internet-enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants. Like the servants of centuries past, our household helpers will chatter with one another and with the outside help.So many appliances, vehicles and buildings will be online by 2020 that it seems likely there will be more things on the Internet than people. Internet-enabled cars and airplanes are coming online, and smart houses are being built every day. Eventually, programmable devices will become so cheap that we will embed them in the cardboard boxes into which we put other things for storage or shipping. These passive ―computers‖ will be activated as they pass sensors and will be able to both emit and absorb information. Such innovations will facilitate increasingly automatic manufacturing, inventory control, shipping and distribution. Checkout at the grocery store will be fully automatic, as will payment via your digital wallet.The advent of programmable, mini-scale machines will extend the Internet to things with the size of molecules that can be injected under the skin, leading to Internet-enabled people. Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who would otherwise be there only for observation. The speech processor used today in cochlear implants for the hearing impaired could easily be connected to the Internet; listening to Internet radio could soon be a direct computer-to-brain experience!The Internet will undergo substantial alteration as optical technologies allow the transmission of many trillions of bits per second on each Internet’s fibe r-optic backbone network. The core of the network will remain optical, and the edges will use a mix of access technologies, ranging from radio and infrared to optical fiber and the old twisted-pair copper telephone lines.By then, the Internet will have been extended, by means of an interplanetary Internet backbone, to operate in outer space.How will this pervasive Internet access affect our daily lives? More and more of the world’s information will be accessible instantly and from virtually anywhere. In an emergency, our health records will be available for remote medical consultation with specialists and perhaps even remote surgery. More and more devices will have access to the global positioning system, increasing the value of geographically indexed databases. Using GPS with speech-understanding software that is emerging today, we will be able to get directions from our Internet as easily as we once got them at a filling station.Is there any downside to a society suffused with information and the tools to process it?Privacy will come at a premium. Enormous quantities of data about our daily affairs will flow across the Internet, working to make our lives easier. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past. Who should have access to our medical records and our financial information, and how will that access be controlled? Will we be able to search and use the vast information stored online without leaving trails across the Net? How will business transactions be taxed, and in what jurisdictions will disputed electronic transactions be resolved? How will intellectual property be protected? How will we prove that contracts were signed on a certain date, or that their terms and conditions have not been electronically altered? There are technical answers for many of thesequestions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably. Making this system of millions of networks robust is a challenge for the present generation of Internet engineers. But I am an optimist and believe we are going to live in a world abundant with information and with the tools needed to use it wisely.21. The main idea the author tries to convey is that ______.A. the Internet has already arrivedB. the Internet began to have a serious impact in 1990sC. the Internet is getting more and more popularD. the Internet is developing fast ever since its appearance √22. The Internet might seem to disappear because most access to the Internet is probably realized by ______.A. high-speed, low-power radio links √B. handheld mobile appliancesC. internet-enabled cell phonesD. personal digital assistants23. The Internet will have a significant change thanks to optical technology, which ______.A. will make the Internet access more flexibleB. will make the Internet transmission more rapidly √C. will make the Internet communication more convenientD. will make the Internet more useful in our life24. The primary concern of online experience is ______.A. privacy √B. convenienceC. pricingD. conflict25. The author’s attitude toward the future of the Internet is ______.A. doubtfulB. cheerful √C. biasedD. depressedPart II Vocabulary and Structure1. As parts of the world become ______, millions of people will try to migrate to more ______areas.A. hospitable… uninhabitableB. uninhabitable… hospitable √C. habitable… inhospitableD. inhospitable … uninhabitable2. A(n) ______ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who isrunning in an election or applying for a job.A. astronomerB. scientistC. candidate √D. researcher3. There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to givereliable worldwide coverage.A. markB. orbit √C. storeD. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses__________ the areas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigate √。

中国石油大学石油科技英语第一次在线作业

石油科技英语期末复习题及答案

石油科技英语期末复习题及答案Petroleum Scinece in English PaperPart One Please give the following Chinese their English versions (15 points)1.石油化工2.开发井3.火成岩4.汽油5.吸收6.地球物理学7.粘稠度8.露头9.古生物学家10.大钩11. 司钻12. 固井13. 渗透率14. 背斜圈闭15. 水龙头16.环空17.氮18.沉积岩19.完井20.石油21.地球化学22.粘稠度23.化石24.油藏25.酸化26. 井架工27. 烃29. 背斜圈闭30. 柴油Part Two Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B (10 points)Column A1. fault2. formation3. viscosity4. drawwork5. valve6. silt7. derrick8. shale9. shale shaker10. erosion11. limestone12. porosity13. kelly14. hydraulic fracturing15. saturation16. Primary recovery17. asphalt18. kerosene19. acid20. lubricantColumn Ba.绞车b.阀门，凡尔c.孔隙度e.石灰岩f.井架g.泥岩h.蚀，冲蚀i.粘稠度j.地层k.方钻杆l.水力压裂m.一次采收率n.饱和o.页岩p.震动筛q. 沥青r. 煤油、s. 酸t. 润滑剂Part Three Read the following statements and fill in the blanks with missing words. (25 points)1.The three sections divided in petroleum industry are________________, __________________, __________________. 2.The production mechanisms which owe their existence to these sources of energy are referred to as ____________________,______________________,_____________ _____ respectively.3.The three main categories of rocks are ________________,_______________, __________________.4. The two commonly used drilling methods are _________________, _____________; ____________ is the characteristic of the latter one. 5．At the head of most production wells is a device that is called _______________.6.. Classification by degree of proof includes______________,___________, ______________, and_______________ reserves7.___________________ and ____________________ wells are thewells classified according to their direction.8.There are mainly tow types of drilling mud they are ______________,__________________.9.Types of bits available include:___________________,________________, ____________________.10.______________________ is one that is drilled primarily for thepurpose of determining that oil or gas actually exists in a subsurface rock formation.11.The usual unit of measure used for oil is ______________, itapproximately equals to __________ liters or ___________ gallons.12.___________________ and ____________________ are the tow pathof seismic survey in geophysical exploration for oil.13.The EOR processes can be divided into threecategories___________,_______________and__________________, which can be further subdivided into various categories.14.The three main steps of oil exploration include__________________,___________________, _____________. 15. The three main units of the earth’s interior are ___________,___________,____________.16. Diagenesis（成岩作用）is a process through which the loose sediments are compacted and cemented into sedimentary rocks. There are several ways of diagenesis. They are _________, __________,___________,_______________.17. The three strategies of PetroChina are ____________,_____________,________________.18. Geophysical Exploration includes _____________survey and______________ survey.19. There are a number of types of completions, including________________,_________________,________________.20.Separators（分离器）are built in various designs, such as _________, __________ and _________________.Part Four Read the following statements and decide whether it is correct or not , use T for correct and F for wrong. (10 points)1.A jug is a device to clean a pipeline. It is forced along by the pressureor flow of the oil. ( )2.A pla ce in the earth’s surface where layers of rock have formed anarch or dome. This type of formation in which oil can be trapped is called anticline. ( )3.Thermal processes have been used extensively for the recovery oflight oil, where as chemical and miscible displacement processes have been employed for the displacement of heavy oil. ( )4.The stem transmits a turning or rotating action to the bit. ( )5.mud pits are where drilling mud is mixed and recycled ( )6.Petroleum is squeezed out of source beds and is accepted by a receiverbed is called secondary petroleum migration. ( )7.The casing in the middle is called production casing. ( )/doc/9117370140.html,rge, more continuous cylindrical rock sample, called cuttings, can also be cut using a special coring bit. ( )9.Gasoline, Kerosene, Asphalt are the main commercialproducts madefrom petroleum. Gasoline is the lightest, asphalt the heaviest.( )10. Distillation means breaking down the heavy molecules of suchpetroleum products as kerosene or lubricating oil into the lighter molecules of gasoline. ( )11.I n the past these data for oil exploration were basically observationand objective, but they are now increasingly physical and chemical, and therefore more subjective. ( )12. Permeability is a measure of the ease with which a fluid can flow through the rocks. ( )13.P etroleum geology is the application of geology (the study of rocks) tothe exploration for and production of oil and gas. ( )14.S weet crude requires more refining than sour crude, which is low insulfur and, as a result, often more valuable. ( )15.R efracted paths in which the principal portion of the path is along theinterface between two rock layers, and hence is approximately horizontal. ( )16.W ater drive derivesits energy from the pressure of the gas in the freegas cap. ( )17. Primary recovery further oil production can be obtained by injectingwater (waterflooding) or natural gas to maintain reservoir pressure and push oil out of the rock, therefore achieve moreefficient displacement of oil. ( )18. Light oil dense, viscous oil, with a high proportion（比例）of bitumen, that is difficult to extract with conventional techniques and is more costly to refine. ( )19. Natural gas wells are wells drilled specifically for natural gas, and contain little or no oil. ( )20. An emulsion is a combination of two immiscible liquids, or liquids that do not mix together under normal conditions. ( ) Part Five Please answer the following questions in simple words. (10 points)1. How many main components in a rotary drilling rig? What are they?2.What are the main composition of natural gas and name them.3.What are the four systems in a rotary drilling rig?4.What are main fuctions of circulation fluid5. What are the natural reservoir production mechanisms?5.What are the main types of casing?6.What are the main types of pipelines?7.What is hydrate?8.How to handle the produced water?Part Six Give the full meaning and Chinese name for the following abbreviations (10 points)1.LNG2.BOP3.EOR4.LPG5.OPEC6.API7.AAPG8.SPE9.NGL10.O IPPart Seven TranslationEnglish to Chinese (10 points)1. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago.2. When we think of oil, the part of the world that comes to mind first may be the Middle East.3. The ruling divided Standard Oil into thirty-four independent companies.4. As the demand for gasoline increased, conversion processes were developed because distillation could no longer supply the necessary quantities.5. Scientists predict that the world's known oil resources will run out early in the next century.6. The members of OPEC produce about forty percent of the world's oil.7. The application of chemistry to the study of rocks (geochemistry) has many uses in petroleum geology.8. Scientists predict that the world's known oil resources will run out early in the next century.9. A An air ship powered by energy from the sun has been suggested.10. Petroleum has been important since ancient times.11.H igh oil prices have brought new attention to OPEC.12.T he same product is used for the road surface outside your home.13.W hat alternative energy resources can be developed?14.I n other words, they are the products of refining or theyare refinedproducts.15. And a boycott of Iranian exports, it figures, would hurt Iran more than it would hurt the U.S.Chinese to English (10 points)1.从远古时代，石油就很重要。

2014年中石油职称英语考试试卷参考答案

2014年中石油职称英语考试试卷参考答案词汇选项1.This was disaster on a cosmic scale.A.modestmercialC.hugeD.national2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull3.A person’s wealth is often in inverse pr oportion to their happiness.A.equalB.certainrgeD.opposite4.His professional career spanned 16 years.A.startedB.changedstedD.moved5.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared6.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limitB.supportC.regulateD.oppose7.She talt that she had done her good deed for the day.A.actB.homeworkC.jusuceD.model8.Some of the larget bieds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A.motionlessB.sitentC.seatedD.true9.There was an inclination to treat geography as aless imponant Subject.A.pointB.resuitC.findingD.tendency10.His stomach felt hollw with fear.A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.ternbie11.The committee was asked to rendcr a report on the housing situation.A.copyB.publishC.summarizeD.furnish12.That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A.seriousB.beautifulC.impressiveD.ridiculous13.The department deferred the decision for six months.A.put offB.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against14.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A.inventedB.reproducedC.designedD.reported15.The country was torn apart by strife.A.conflictB.povertyC.warD.economy答案：CDDCD BAADC DDABA阅读理解A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a study has suggested. The report ,which followed 73,000 women for 17 years,found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week,but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking,swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading.They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women,47% said walking was their only recreational acivity.Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr.Alpa Patel,a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study,said:”Give n that more than 60% of women report some daily walking,promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”Thi s study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”She added:”We know that the best weapon to ove rcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”31. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in thepassage______EXCEPT_______A. breathing exerciseB.regular walkingC.recreational activityD.lifestyle choices32. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.A. women have fewer chances of physical activityB. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancerC. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer riskD. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer33. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.A. head of the survey studyB. chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyC. chair of the American Cancer SocietyD. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign34. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.C. Walking was the only recreational acitivity for about half of the womenD. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women35. The word “sustainable”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toA. continuableB. affordableC. availableD. Persistent 答案：ABACA。

中国石油大学科技英语综合教程编写-教参(含课后答案)修改

1
Persian Gulf 是一个由 which 引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 Kuwait；介词短语 with an area only three-fourths that of Massachusetts and a population of about half a million 做后置定语同样修饰 Kuwait 一词。
科技英语综合教程辅导书
Unit 1 Sources of Energy
Text A
Petroleum
Sentence structure analysis
1. Instead of originating in accumulating woody matter, petroleum may be the product of the accumulating fatty matter of ocean organisms such as plankton, the myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layer of the ocean. (Para.2) 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。这是一个简单句，主语 petroleum，谓语动词 may be，表语 product，构成句子主干。instead of 介词短语作状语，such as plankton 是 product 一词的同位语，the myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layer of the ocean 是名词性短语，做 plankton 的同位语。

中国石油大学-英语课后答案以及翻译.doc

Unit 1 Key to Text AEx. 1l.C2.C3. B4. D5. B6. AEx. 3l.A2. C3. D4. A5. B6. A7. A 8. B9. B10. DEx. 41. organic2. originate3. decompose4. rearrangement5. overlain6. prospector7. inflammable 8・ substantial9. complication10. consumptionEx. 5l.C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. B 6.C7. A 8.C9.C 10. D 11. D12. C13. C14. A15. D 16. C17. B 18. A 19. B20. DEx. 61 .sedimentary rocks2. petroleum reserves3. internal combustion engines 5. fatty substance 7.源自 9.地质结构 Ex. 71. 含有石油的岩石几乎都來源于海洋，不是树木。

2. 其脂肪不是分解腐烂，而是逐渐积聚，并住深层的淤泥里圈闭起来，进而经过细微的原子重组，最终形成石油。

3. 一旦获得石油，可以通过地上管道运输，而不必象煤一样，由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。

4. 这种内燃机与蒸汽机相比，机身小巧，可以瞬间启动；而蒸汽机需要一定时间，等待储水加热到沸点。

5. 石油相对于煤的便利却被另一个事实所抵消：地球上石油的数量比煤少得多。

Ex. 81. As is known to all, water consists of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.2. The myriads of living creatures beneath the sea form the colorful underground world.3. It is impossible to be dependent on import to develop our national economy.4. Fuel derived from municipal waste can not only generate electricity but also provide heat.5. Whatever obstacles we might meet, we will carry through this experiment.Unit 24. the boiling point 6•少量&易燃蒸汽10.在……领土所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物，而Ex. 1l.D 2.C 3. D 4.C 5. BEx. 3l.C2.C3. C4. A5.C6. D7. B8. D9.C 10. B Ex. 41. assess6. attached 2. management7. predetermined 3. rigorous8・ execution4. informal9・ recruiting5. standard10. consultEx. 5I.C II.A 2.B12. D3. A13. A4. D14. B5. B6. B15. A 16. A7. B & D17. D l&C9.C19. C10. C20. DEx. 61.employment market2. video conferencing technology3.job interview4. 十有八九5.能力测试6.招聘方法Ex. 71.当然，倒也不会走向另一个极端，成为为了检验你应对压力的能力而进行的令人生畏的询问。

石大华东《科技英语》第一、二、三、四、五阶段在线作业(自测)答案-推荐下载

《科技英语》一阶段一、单选题1. _____ he often forgot their wedding anniversary greatly annoyed his wife.A. AllB. WhatC. WhichD. That正确答案：D2. The police are trying to find out the ______ of the woman killed in the traffic accidentA. evidenceB. recognitionC. statusD. identity正确答案：D3. She devised a plan ______ they might escape from the tightly guarded prisonA. whereasB. whereinC. wherebyD. whereabouts正确答案：C4. ______ for your laziness, you could have finished the work by now.A. Be it notB. Hadn’t been itC. Had it not beenD. If it be not正确答案：C5. Many people ______ it is healthy to drink a lot of fruit juice, but actually it damages health.A. consumeB. assumeC. resumeD. realize正确答案：B6. Regarding a job interview, though personality is much more important, don’t ______ the importance of having a good appearanceA. overhearB. overcomeC. overtakeD. overlook正确答案：D7. She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.A. itB. thisC. whichD. that正确答案：C《科技英语》二阶段一、单选题1. For such a tiny woman she had a(n)______ courage to fight against two thieves.A. incredibleB. resistantC. stapleD. massive正确答案：A2. The longer the economic decline is allowed to go on, the more difficult it will be to ______ it.A. underlineB. upsetC. resumeD. reverse正确答案：D3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _____obtaining water is not the least.A. of whichB. for whichC. to whichD. on which正确答案：A4. Every year we say we’ll spend less at Christmas, and every year it still _______.A. keeps under controlB. comes to the endC. gets out of handD. goes beyond reach正确答案：C5. Winning by a narrow ______, the Lakers now go on to play in the championship. .A. combatB. marginC. fringeD. conquest正确答案：B6. He is a strange character，_________is very hard to get along with.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. where正确答案：A7. ______ at the launching position, a lift took him up to the rocket, which was 65 feet above the ground.A. ArrivedB. ArrivingC. When he arrivedD. Having been arrived正确答案：C8. He believes in himself, _________,?in my opinion,? is of great importance.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as正确答案：B9. If we had known that she had planned to go abroad today, we _____ at the airport.A. would see her offB. would have seen her offC. should see her offD. must have seen her off正确答案：B10. You are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devotedB. entitledC. accessedD. contributed正确答案：B11. I suppose you couldn't let me borrow your car this evening, _____?A. couldn't youB. don't youC. could youD. will you正确答案：C12. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which ______ a demonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed正确答案：B13. The following year, ______ victories in local elections strengthened the Conservatives’ position.A. a series ofB. a link ofC. a pattern ofD. a connection of正确答案：A14. On the whole speculation is ______ upon because it sometimes drives prices up.A. frownedB. disapprovedC. representedD. affected正确答案：A15. Who would you rather_________with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith?A. have to goB. have goC. have goneD. had go正确答案：B16. The International Whaling Commission warns that if nothing is done to save the whales now the species will soon be _______.A. imitatedB. intimatedC. contaminatedD. exterminated正确答案：D17. It's too bad Rhonda is moving to Arizona.---I wish it _____ so far away.A. weren'tB. couldn't beC. won't beD. isn't正确答案：A18. The opposing political party is getting ready to ______ a powerful attack on the government.A. intendB. imprintC. castD. mount正确答案：D19. The oil spillage in the Gulf was of such _______ that its effects will last for decades.A. magnificenceB. maintenanceC. magnitudeD. manipulation正确答案：C20. Most schools have plans in place for ______ to fires, fights, medical emergencies and other situations that call for quick assessment and decisive action.A. convertingB. respectingC. restoringD. responding正确答案：D《科技英语》三阶段一、单选题1. ________ is accepted as true is relatively, and not absolutely, true.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. That it正确答案：C2. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some ______ shops in the areaA. flowingB. mobileC. driftingD. unstable正确答案：B3. If an employee of a company has not signed a contract, he is under no ______ to pay the company any moneyA. obligationB. resignationC. allowanceD. supervision正确答案：A4. One of the guards _______ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A. had sleptB. has sleptC. sleptD. was sleeping正确答案：D5. The driver was at______loss when______word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.A. a; /B. a; theC. the; theD. /; /正确答案：A6. The labor contract includes the rights and obligations of the employers and employees, employment and training of the worker, the ______ term of the contract, wage, etcA. vividC. validD. vain正确答案：C7. With flowers and trees ________ everywhere, the city took on a new look.A. to be plantedB. being plantedC. plantingD. planted正确答案：D8. The employees’ wage rise and the wage of senior managerial personnel are decided by the ______ of directors of the enterprise through discussionsA. boardB. abroadC. boastD. bold正确答案：A9. It was suggested that this problem _________ at the next meeting.A. was discussedB. will be discussedC. have to be discussedD. be discussed正确答案：D10. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _____, so we didn’t accept the offer.A. not being finishedB. had not finishedC. not having finishedD. was not finishing正确答案：A11. The prices of the products of joint ventures sold in China should be fixed on the basis of quality ______ the price regulations set by the state and be charged in RMBA. first of allB. with a view toC. regardless ofD. in line with正确答案：D12. The pilot felt something ______ wrong with the engine just before the plane took off.B. was goingC. goesD. to go正确答案：B13. After a joint venture dismisses the surplus employee during the contract term, the enterprise will give the dismissed certain ______A. comprehensionB. compositionC. compensationD. consultation正确答案：C14. Never before _________ so highly successful in his attempts to modify the weather on a very small scale.A. man has beenB. man isC. has man beenD. will be man正确答案：C15. They found a ______ statesman to head the project — someone who could make the worlds of politics and business work togetherA. seniorB. superiorC. juniorD. inferior正确答案：A16. To survive and grow, businesses are under ______ pressure to expand their markets for new products and made them look different from othersA. crucialB. complexC. constantD. significant正确答案：C17. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it _______ plant or animal, dead or alive.A. beB. would beC. wasD. has been正确答案：A18. — John wants to see you today. — I would rather he _______ tomorrow than today.A. comesB. cameC. should comeD. could come正确答案：B19. —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. —Well, now I regret _________ that.A. having doneB. to have doneC. to be doingD. to do正确答案：A20. _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A. Little they realizeB. They little realizeC. They realize littleD. Little do they realize正确答案：D《科技英语》四阶段一、单选题1. It was in 2005 _____we began to introduce this new technique into our company.A. whichB. thenC. whenD. that正确答案：D2. Scientists have discovered genetic variations that make people more likely to get ______ on cigarettes and more prone to develop lung cancer.A. retainedB. hookedC. tiredD. hanged正确答案：B3. Every country tries to maintain a(n) ______ balance of trade, which assures it of the means to buy necessary imports.A. organicB. favoriteC. compoundD. favorable正确答案：D4. The methods used to achieve these aims will be described later, and ______ can be seen broadly as a focusing on to a target.A. up to nowB. so farC. as yetD. for the present正确答案：D5. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten正确答案：B6. We must put the ______ side of the policy into consideration to avoid possible mistakes.A. converseB. reverseC. reserveD. revise正确答案：B7. When Bob and his friends came, we____our supper then.A. hadB. were havingC. haveD. are having正确答案：B8. Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic（北极）______ as a result of global warming.A. had decreasedB. will decreaseC. has been decreasingD. is decreasing正确答案：C9. He left orders that nothing ______ until the police arrived.A. was touchedB. had been touchedC. should be touchedD. was to be touched正确答案：C10. My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it istwice______expensive.A. asB. soC. tooD. very正确答案：A11. There are two rooms in the house, ____serves as a kitchen.A. the smaller of whichB. the smaller of thatC. the smallest of whichD. the smallest of that正确答案：A12. Hearing the joke, all the students burst into ______ laughter.A. visualB. long-standingC. spontaneousD. contributing正确答案：C13. For the time being, Philips could not say when such a product as this might be ______ available, however.A. verticallyB. commerciallyC. horizontallyD. rapidly正确答案：B14. They are trying to ______ the waste discharged by the factory for profit.A. exposeB. exhaustC. exhibitD. exploit正确答案：D15. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________ here for two days.A. will stayB. have been stayingC. will have stayedD. have stayed正确答案：C16. Thank heavens! You have come back home. You should be thankful that you have escaped with only ______ injuries.A. minorB. majorC. significantD. abundant正确答案：A17. If it_____tomorrow, we will stay indoors to have our training class.A. rainsB. rainedC. will rainD. is raining正确答案：A18. How many more decades will have to pass ______scientists succeed in providing a cure for cancer？A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. until正确答案：B19. ______ is she in London than she rings up her old friend Mary.A. ScarcelyB. RarelyC. No soonerD. Hardly正确答案：C20. You must speak slowly, so that you can make yourself ________.A. understoodB. understandC. understandingD. to understand正确答案：A《科技英语》五阶段一、单选题1. Having taken our seats,______.A. the professor began the lectureB. the lecture began in no timeC. we were attracted by the lecturer immediatelyD. the bell announced the beginning of the lecture正确答案：C2. The city council tries to ensure that any new building is ______ with the existing appearance of the cityA. compiledB. integratedC. accordedD. facilitated正确答案：B3. ______ is known to the world，Mark Twain is a great American writer.A. ItB. AsC. WhichD. That正确答案：B4. You can, _____the sky is clear, see as far as the old temple on top of the mountain, but not today.A. whenB. whereC. thoughD. because正确答案：A5. Her brother ______ to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his orderA. declaredB. threatenedC. warnedD. exclaimed正确答案：B6. Due to the limited seating _____ of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the press conferenceA. capacityC. possibilityD. probability正确答案：A7. By no means______to move to a new place far away from her workplace, because it isn't convenient for her family and herself.A. Jane will agreeB. will Jane agreeC. Jane will disagreeD. will Jane disagree正确答案：B8. It is believed to be a problem that will affect only a small ______ of the total populationA. fractionB. frictionC. affectionD. fracture正确答案：A9. Americans eat______vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. twice as muchB. as twice manyC. twice as manyD. as twice much正确答案：C10. A few of the drugs are ______ and not covered by insurance companiesA. laboratoryB. experimentalC. experimentingD. experiment正确答案：B11. These comments came ______ specific questions which used to be asked by local newsmenA. in addition toB. in contrast toC. in regard toD. in response to正确答案：D12. Diana felt very much upset at _____ to the party as she had longed to go for a long time.A. not inviteB. not to be invitedD. not having been invited正确答案：D13. With everything she needed______,she went out of the shop, with her hands full of shopping bags.A. boughtB. to buyC. buyingD. buy正确答案：A14. His sources are confined ______ to those who are in a position to give valuable information, so we’d better believe what he has saidA. speciallyB. especiallyC. uniquelyD. usually正确答案：C15. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ______A. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient正确答案：B16. In his book the author explains in details the ten most important ______ of economics and illustrates their application in some fieldsA. progressB. principlesC. proposalsD. procedures正确答案：B17. You should carefully think over_____ the manager said at the meeting.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who正确答案：C18. _____ journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher.A. EvenB. No matterC. AlthoughD. Now that正确答案：C19. The taxi driver was put in ______prison because his car had knocked down a child. His wife went to______ prison to see him twice a month.A. /; /B. the; theC. /; theD. the; /正确答案：C20. Different management practices might be the ______ for the company’s problemsA. treatmentB. lureC. measuresD. cure正确答案：D。

中石油(华东)科技英语《科技英语》2014年秋学期在线作业(四)答案

科技英语《科技英语》2014年秋学期在线作业（四）一,单选题1. My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice______expensive.A. asB. soC. tooD. very?正确答案：A2. How many more decades will have to pass ______scientists succeed in providing a cure for cancer？A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. until?正确答案：B3. If it_____tomorrow, we will stay indoors to have our training class.A. rainsB. rainedC. will rainD. is raining?正确答案：A4. A marine shale, once believed to be a black mud rich in organic compounds, is a common source rock to ______ oil.A. blockB. discoverC. originateD. prevent?正确答案：C5. When Bob and his friends came, we____our supper then.A. hadB. were havingC. haveD. are having正确答案：B6. For the time being, Philips could not say when such a product as this might be ______ available, however.A. verticallyB. commerciallyC. horizontallyD. rapidly?正确答案：B7. Please bear in mind that correct conduction of precautions can reduce or ______ waterside corrosion to the minimum.A. exportB. diminishC. embraceD. entrap?正确答案：B8. The views of young people today on politics, social attitudes and life goals greatly ______ from their baby boomer parents.A. distinctB. differC. differentD. distinctive?正确答案：B9. You must speak slowly, so that you can make yourself ________.A. understoodB. understandC. understandingD. to understand?正确答案：A10. We must put the ______ side of the policy into consideration to avoid possible mistakes.A. converseB. reverseC. reserveD. revise正确答案：B11. There are two rooms in the house, ____serves as a kitchen.A. the smaller of whichB. the smaller of thatC. the smallest of whichD. the smallest of that?正确答案：A12. ______ is she in London than she rings up her old friend Mary.A. ScarcelyB. RarelyC. No soonerD. Hardly?正确答案：C13. Many children,_______parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.A. theirB. whoseC. whomD. those?正确答案：B14. He____the maths examination if he had worked hard enough, but he didn't.A. would passB. had passedC. would have passedD. passed?正确答案：C15. Every country tries to maintain a(n) ______ balance of trade, which assures it of the means to buy necessary imports.A. organicB. favoriteC. compoundD. favorable?正确答案：D16. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________ here for two days.A. will stayB. have been stayingC. will have stayedD. have stayed?正确答案：C17. He_____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. shouldB. mustC. wouldD. can?正确答案：B18. It seemed as though nothing could stop the ship from wrecking itself on the shore, where leaking fuel or an escape of Norway rats could ______ an ecological catastrophe(灾难) for wildlife.A. releaseB. bluntC. triggerD. boost?正确答案：C19. It was in 2005 _____we began to introduce this new technique into our company.A. whichB. thenC. whenD. that?正确答案：D20. The methods used to achieve these aims will be described later, and ______ can be seen broadly as a focusing on to a target.A. up to nowB. so farC. as yetD. for the present?正确答案：D。

中石油(华东)2014年秋季学期《大学英语4》期末考试试卷及答案

2014年秋季学期期末考试考试科目：大学英语4考试形式：闭卷考试时间：90分钟注意事项：1、请将1-45小题的答案填入答题卡客观题涂卡区域，第V、VI大题的答案写在答题卡主观题答题区域。

2、学号填涂必须正确，十一位数字缺一不可，且所涂数字必须与填写的学号中的数字相同。

3、填涂样例，若为“●”、“◎”、“／”等不合规定的涂法，读卡机将无法识别。

4、答题卡上所涂内容一律使用2B铅笔，不得使用其它型号的铅笔、钢笔等非2B铅笔。

5、答题时，请按答题序号将你认为正确的选项涂黑；若需改动，一定要用橡皮擦干净。

6、答题卡不能折叠。

Part I Reading Comprehension (30 minutes, 30 points)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Japanese are becoming unhappier at work, the government said in a report yesterday, highlighting complaints over pay, lack of vacations and a decline in morale.Long known for being workaholics willing to sacrifice their personal lives for the company, Japanese workers, especially younger ones, are now placing more priority on time with their families and financial rewards. The percentage of workers satisfied with the pace of their pay increases fell to 6.2 percent in 2005 from 15.7 percent in 1990, the government's labor white paper said. "Workers seem to want more personal time and increasingly want to fulfill their emotional needs rather than materialistic needs," a health ministry official said.The findings are a reminder of the challenges companies face now in hiring new talents as Japan's population ages and its work force shrinks, some economists said."It used to be that companies could lure new talent with high salaries," said Saori Tsuiki, an economist at Mitsubishi Research Institute. "But workers now want something more, and this has been a big headache for corporate strategies," she said."Young workers have in recent years favored carefree lifestyles, hopping from one part-time job to another, or quitting full-time jobs after just a few years," Tsuiki said. Analysts have said the trend will do harm to Japan's labor market in the long term because it would lead to a shortage of skilled workers.Older workers were switching jobs because they failed to get along with colleagues or were unhappy with how they were being evaluated at companies using performance-based management, the white paper said.Under Japan's traditional lifetime employment system, employees were guaranteed promotions and pay increases as they grew older, regardless of performance."For an effective performance-based system, efforts are needed to improvethe implementation of the wage system, such as making clear the basis for evaluation and providing detailed explanations for the assessments," the white paper said.1. Why do Japanese workers become unhappy at work? AA. They are underpaid.B. They have to do much more work than they used to.C. Most of them are unemployed.D. They are not satisfied with their employers.2. What are the new challenges that Japanese companies face when hiring talents? BA. High salaries.B. Aging population.C. A large work force.D.Poor-educated employees.3. What is the trend that the young workers follow in recent years?A. They stick to the same job all their life.B. They change jobs frequently.C. They only take part-time jobs.D. They take both part-time job and full-time job.4. The older workers change their jobs because____________.A. they are tired of their current professionB. they are not promotedC. they are underpaidD. they can’t get along with their colleagues5. Under the performance-based management, which of the flowing statements is not true?A. The implementation of the wage system should be improved.B. The basis for evaluation should be made clear.C. Employees are guaranteed promotions and pay increases regardless of performance.D. Detailed explanations for the assessments should be provided.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Do you find it very difficult and painful to get up in the morning? This might be called laziness, but Mr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when your labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energeti c is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: “Get up, Peter! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that Peter is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Muchfamily quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit if better habit can help. Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important thing to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.6. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ________.A. he is a lazy personB. he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC. he is not sure when his energy is lowD. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening7. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A. Unawareness of energy cycles.B. Familiar monologues.C. A change in a family member’s energy cycle.D. Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.8. If one wants to work efficiently at his low point in the evening, he should _______.A. change his energy cycleB. overcome his lazinessC. get up earlier than usualD. go to bed earlier9. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _______.A. help to keep your energy for the day’s workB. help you to control your temper early in the dayC. enable you to concentrate on your routine workD. keep your energy cycle under control all day10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.B. Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.C. Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D. Children have energy cycles, too.Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator".In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus （剩余的） bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased; fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed —natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling ...What refrigeration did promote was marketing — marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away（不断地嗡嗡作响） continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintain an artificially-cooled space inside and artificially-heated house —while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet（橱柜） and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.11. The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well andhealthily.” (Para. 2) suggest that____________ .A. the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB. the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fiftiesC. there was no fridge in the author's home in the 1950sD. the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s12. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A. People would not buy more food than was necessary.B. Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C. Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D. People had effective ways to preserve their food.13. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A. Inventors.B. Consumers.C. Manufacturers.D. Traveling salesmen（巡回推销员）.14. Which of the following phrases in Para.5 indicates the fridge's negative effect on the environment?A. "Hum away continuously".B. "Climatically almost unnecessary".C. "Artificially-cooled space".D. "With mildtemperatures".15. What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?A. Neutral.B. Critical.C. Objective.D. Compromising.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 20 points)16. The reason we're so late is ____________.A. for the car breaks downB. due to the car breaking downC. that the car broke downD. because the car broke down17. The teacher’s lecture on American history was three hours long, and Mary felt very _____.A. upsetB. boredC. disturbedD. neglected18. Word has come____________some guests from Canada will visit our school.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. when19. Her mind was so _____ by the disease that she could not remember what she had done.A. actedB. influencedC. effectedD. affected20. Mary is the only one of the team members _______to be transferred.A. who is goingB. who are goingC. who have been goingD. who has been going21. Literature and art have a great influence _____ people’s i deology.A. toB. onC. forD. onto22. Every boy and girl _____ not to swim in the lake, for it is polluted.A. has been warnedB. have been warnedC. has warnedD. have warned23. There is such a lot of noise on the work site every day that the residents nearby find it hard to____________.A. put outB. put offC. put up withD. put up24. ____________the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Saturday.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for25. You should carefully think over_____ the manager said at the meeting.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whose26. People all over the world made _______donations for the disaster area afterthe earthquake happened in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province.A. modestB. minimumC. generousD. genuine27. Last week I wrote to the hotel to book a room, but they _____ yet.A. didn't answerB. wasn't answeringC. hadn't answeredD. haven't answered28. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time____________?A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home29. Everyday we students should ____________enough time for study.A. set upB. set offC. set inD. set aside30. The doctor tried to do an experiment to find out the _____ of the medicine on the mice.A. causeB. resultC. reasonD. effect31. ____________, he slipped through the window.A. With anyone noticingB. With anyone noticedC. Without anyone noticingD. Without nobody noticed32. Everyone is busy _______ the examination in the classroom.A. withB. forC. onD. under33. The secretary and treasurer of our company ________the meeting.A. were to attendB. are to attendC. is attendD. is to attend34. I suppose you couldn’t let me borrow your car this evening, _______?A. couldn’t IB. don’t IC. could youD. will you35. The more he tried to help her, ________she seemed to appreciate it.A. lessB. the lessC. the leastD. the lesserPart III Cloze (10 minutes, 10 points)Have you ever heard the old saying, “Never judge a book by its cover”? This is a good rule to 36 when trying judge the intelligence of others. Some people have minds that shine only in certain situations. A young man with an unusual 37 in creative writing may find himself speechless in the presence of a pretty girl. He searches awkwardly for words and does not talk smoothly. But don’t make the mistake of thinking him stupid. 38 a pen and paper, he can express himself very well.Other people may fool you into overestimating their intelligence by 39 a good appearance. A student who listens attentively and takes notes in class bound to make a favorable impression on his teachers. But when it 40 to exams,he may score near the bottom of the class.The 41 idea is that you can’t judge someone by appearance. The only way to determine a person’s intel ligence is to get to know him. Then you can observe 42 he reacts to different situations. The 43 situations you observe, the more accurate your judgment is 44 to be. So 45 . Don’t judge the book by its cover.36. A. follow B. obey C. watchD. observe37. A. present B. hand C. penD. gift38. A. From B. With C. InD. By39. A. putting up with B. putting on C. putting upD. putting off40. A. turns to B. comes to C. gets toD. leads to41. A. mere B. major C. mainD. topic42. A. how B. what C. howeverD. whatever43. A. most B. more C. muchD. many44. A. likely B. properly C. fortunatelyD. necessarily45. A. count on your time B. ahead of your timeC. fall behind your timeD. take your time Part IV Translation (10 minutes, 20 points)46. 我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。

石大_科技英语_在线考试

单项选择题C第1题 As parts of the world become ______, millions of people will try to migrate to more ______ areas. 本题1分A、hospitable… uninhabitableB、uninhabitable… hospitableC、habitable… inhospitableD、inhospitable … uninhabitableA第2题 A(n) ______ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running in an election or applying for a job. 本题1分A、astronomerB、scientistC、candidateD、researcherB第3题 There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliable worldwide coverage. 本题1分A、markB、orbitC、storeD、lineA第4题The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses __________ the areas in greater depth. 本题1分A、classifyB、investigateC、clarifyD、examineD第5题 Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now. 本题1分A、favorableB、criticalC、profitableD、stableB第6题 If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ______. 本题1分A、efficientB、sufficientC、deficientD、proficient第7题 She became the first woman to enter the school but withdrew after a few days ________ stress. 本题1分A、in spite ofB、in stead ofC、because ofD、in honor ofC第8题 She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely __________ herself. 本题1分A、rescuedB、heldC、restrainedD、curbedD第9题 After he was attacked, he managed to __________ to the phone and call for help. 本题1分A、poundB、stabberC、turnD、staggerC第10题 The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would __________ the local ecosystem. 本题1分A、breakB、balanceC、contaminateD、containB第11题 Why don’t you do something about your room — it’s really a ______. 本题1分A、humpB、dumpC、bumpD、lumpC第12题Work has seemingly ______ into everything, including dinner parties. 本题1分A、probedB、leakedC、seepedD、filteredB第13题The king blamed ______ and taxes for high oil prices and suggested setting up a program of 1 billion U.S. dollars to solve the oil crisis. 本题1分A、peculiarityB、speculationC、spectacleD、prospectB第14题 A few of the drugs are ______ and not covered by insurance companies. 本题1分A、influentialB、experimentalC、substantialD、accidentalB第15题 Although he has his own ideas, he seldom ______ advice from other people. 本题1分A、overlookB、neglectC、ignoreD、disregardD第16题 It is expected that in the future robots will ______ man to do those dangerous jobs. 本题1分A、relaxB、relateC、requestD、replaceB第17题 If a murderer intentionally set out to __________ a crime, he should answer for the consequences. 本题1分A、performB、commitC、executeD、accomplishA第18题 A contract is the only document between the parties to which they may ______ for clarification （澄清）of mutual responsibilities. 本题1分A、referB、offerC、preferD、differB第19题Before you started to ______, make sure the road is clear ahead of you; otherwise it might lead to an accident. 本题1分A、overworkB、overtakeC、overhearD、overseeD第20题 Many people ______ it is healthy to drink a lot of fruit juice, but actually it damages health. 本题1分A、inferB、assumeC、recognizeD、realize问答题第21题英译汉：If you are successful, you won’t h ave to go ask for a raise or accept what you’re given or worry about being turned out when a younger version of yourself comes along.本题3分输入更多…如果你是成功的，你就不用请求加薪，不必勉强接受所给予你的，无需担心年轻的你一路走来会达到什么成就第22题英译汉：What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by.本题3分输入更多…关于发展援助给当地居民经济替代切割森林和耕作土地怎么样？这样的资金得来不易第23题英译汉：He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.本题3分输入更多…他是不可能真正快乐的，如果被社会强迫做自己不喜欢做的事情,又或者喜欢做的事情被社会所忽略、被认为是毫无价值、不重要的。

科技英语期终复习题

科技英语期终复习题C/E Translation:1、有待于证明（show）这个方程（equation）在此是否成立（hold）。

2、这两个数（number）按什么顺序（order）加（add）起来是没有关系的。

3、现有的窗户（window）均承受（withstand）不了这么大的力（force）。

4、有证据表明每样东西都受地球（earth）的吸引(attract)。

5、图1－5画出了输入随输出的变化（variation）情况。

6、本书所讲的内容非常有用。

7、这篇论文（paper）值得（worth）一读。

8、温度计（thermometer）不能指示出（indicate）液体（liquid）中存在的热量（the amount of heat）。

9、磁铁（magnet）能吸引（attract）铁质材料（iron material），这一性质（property）称为磁性（magnetism）。

10、这个电路（circuit）与那个电路相比有许多优点（advantage）。

11、电容（capacitance）越大，其储存（store）的电荷（charge）就越多。

12、这个电阻（resistor）上的电流（electric current）为零点零零几安培（ampere）。

13、这些因素（factor）确定了（determine）电容器（capacitor）储存电荷的能力（ability）。

14、构成水的元素（element）是氢（hydrogen）和氧（oxygen）。

15、必须利用这个式子来求出（find out）该物体运动（move）的距离（distance）。

16、电流等于电压（voltage）除（divide）以电阻（resistance）。

17、这种（kind）特殊的（special）电子设备（electronic device）是那个厂（factory）制造（make）的。

18、导体（conductor）对电子（electron）的流动所提供（offer）的阻力（opposition）就是我们所说的电阻（resistance）。

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中国石油大学《科技英语》综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）1. As parts of the world become __B____, millions of people will try to migrate to more ___B___ areas.A. hospitable… uninhabitableB. uninhabitable… hospitableC. habitable… inhospitableD. inhospitable … uninhabitable2. A(n) ___C___ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is runningin an election or applying for a job.A. astronomerB. scientistC. candidateD. researcher3. There are scientific satellites in ____B______ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliableworldwide coverage.A. markB. orbitC. storeD. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses_____B_____ the areas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigateC. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite __D____ now.A. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to becomeirritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ___B___.A. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked ____C______; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely _____C_____ herself.A. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to ____D______ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. comeC. turnD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would _____C_____ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can ____C______ a child’s education, especially between the ages of elevenand sixteen.A. upsetB. balanceC. disruptD. disorder12. China’s news media is following world trend by marketization and ___D_______into enterprises.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which __B____ ademonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretary’s decision to inv est was a __C____ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.A. firmB. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the __A____ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.A. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ___C___.A. affectB. effectC. infectD. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ___C___ isnever considered.A. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. One’s appearance does not always __B____ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks.A. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable ____B______ so as to increase our productivity and relieveour exhaustion.A. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new ____B_____ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite alot of attention.A. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly ____C______ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried aboutthe uncertainty of the future.A. meltedB. frozeC. filteredD. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them __D____.A. in registerB. to documentC. in betweenD. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but __B____ it will still be quite substantial.A. in no caseB. in any caseC. in case ofD. in case24. Sometimes you can __A_____ valuable antiques by chance – for example when you’re clearing out anold building.A. come byB. come inC. come outD. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to ___D____ the United States and you will need a work visa.A. rest withB. resort toC. render intoD. reside in26. The new __D____ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choicesthat students need to master.A. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised27. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its ____B______.A. habitatsB. inhabitantsC. habitsD. inherits28. Enough lava had ____C______ from the volcano to bury the entire village.A. disruptedB. splashedC. eruptedD. spilt29. You are legally ___B___ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devotedB. entitledC. accessedD. contributed30. Time and time again, women seem to __B____ on promotion and career opportunities.A. fall outB. lose outC. wipe outD. put out31. ___A____ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. SomeoneB. AnyoneC. No oneD. Everyone32. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert __C____ it means standing in a queue all night.A. as ifB. providedC. even ifD. whatever33. This magazine is very __B___ with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. Particular34. _B____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having been bittenD. To be bitten35. The morning paper __A____a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C..A. carriedB. extendedC. broughtD. tookPart II Identification（判断正误）1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang. 错2. As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army. 对3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job. 错4. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you don’t mind taking the night train. 错5. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow？对6. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition. 对7 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than lived with their knees bent. 错8. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned. 错9. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. 对10. Over the past 20 years, the internet has helped change our world in either way or another 错for the better.Part III Word-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take a___ aggressive__（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a__ appropriate__（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to a _abolish____(废除) this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality.4. It took the authorities a long time to make _ identification __(identify) of the accident victims.5. Supplies may_ fluctuate__(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.6. The __ extraction__ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.7. The inflation rate cannot be properly __ quantified__(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.8. He is very aggressive, totally _ dominating__(dominant) everyone he works with.9. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u_ ultimately__(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.10. He condemned the w_ wastefulness__(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译）1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit.但依赖性也并非坏事，只要它是有益于健康的—你不必非是个奥运选手才能获益。

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