英语作文指导
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What characteristics does a good sentence have? 1) Unity 2) Completeness 3) Clarity 4) Variety 5) Effectiveness
II How to make a good sentence
1) Avoid sentence fragment(断裂句） Wrong: Every day I spend one hour watching TV in the evening. Because it helps me relax. Right: Every day I spend one hour watching TV in the evening because it helps me relax. 2) Avoid run–on sentence Wrong: We spend the summer in Wuhan we had a bad time. Right: WE spent the summer in Wuhan, and we had a bad time.
CET-4 作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring) 方法,阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分 (Reward Scores) ,而不是按语言点的错误数 目扣分. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判. 内容和语言是一个统一体.作文应表达题目所 规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达.要考虑 作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是 否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考 虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍.
3) Avoid and-and construction: Poor: We finish our work, and we went fishing, and we had a wonderful time. Better: After we finished our work, we went fishing, and we had a wonderful time. 4) Avoid putting the main idea of a sentence into a subordinate construction. Poor: I saw a car heading straight toward me, when I was unable to move from fear. Better: When I saw a car heading straight toward me, I was unable to move from fear.
5）词不达意
Fake drugs are not efficient in treating diseases. Fake drugs are not effective in treating diseases. efficient: 用于物时， 指不浪费，效率高的，用 人时指具有很强的工作能力和效率。 effective:指（某物）能产生优良效果能解决问 题。
outstanding的意思是“杰出的”，一般用来表 达好的方面。 serious的意思是严肃的，严重的
Sentence level
I. What is a sentence? A sentence is a group of words which express a single, complete thought of very closely related thoughts.
4）搭配不当
I have difficulty to pay for my college education. I have difficulty in paying for my college education./ It is difficult for me to pay for my college education. The government should make some measures against fake commodities. The government should take some measures against fake commodities. There is some possibility for you to succeed as long as you work hard. There is some possibility of your success as long as you work hard. There is some possibility that you may succeed as long as you work hard.
It is the habit of foreigners to exchange gifts at Christmas. It is the custom of foreigners to exchange gifts at Christmas. habit : 专用于指个人的习惯，即个人行为因长 期重复而习惯成自然。 custom:既可以指个人的习惯，也可以指某个社 会的习惯。即“风俗”。
Some manufacturers only know making money. Some manufacturers only care for making money. I usually go to the department store to buy something at weekends. I usually go to the department store to do some shopping at weekends. The good commodities can not be sold well, because the fake commodities are much cheaper. The good commodities don’t sell well, because the fake commodities are much cheaper. There is a poor market for the good commodities, because the fake commodities are much cheaper.
At first, reading extensively can give people knowledge in many fields. First/firstly, reading extensively can give people knowledge in many fields.、 at first: 表示“最初”之意。e.g. At first, I found English very difficult. first/firstly:用于列举谈话内容，后面经常跟 second/secondly, third/thirdly, last/lastly
11分 14分
Word level
1）拼写错误 2）词性误用 3）中式英语 4）搭配不当 5）词不达意
源自文库
1）拼写错误
The government should offer special previleges to those who come back from foreign countries.
(privileges)
College life is full of varity. (variety) This social phenominon reflects that more and more Chinese people have come to realize the importance of taking out insurance. (phenomenon) Different people have different opinons on the topic of friendship. (opinions) However, adequate money does not garantee children good education. (guarantee)
The housing problem is so outstanding that the government had to solve it with concentrated efforts. The housing problem is so serious that the government has to solve it with concentrated efforts.
My family is not rich, so I can not dependent on my parents. My family is not rich, so I can not depend on my parents. Some people have many “lucky numbers”, but they don’t luck at all. Some people have many “lucky numbers”, but they are not lucky /have no luck at all. You can sale some little goods to gain some tuition and fees. You can sell some little goods to gain some tuition and fees.
2分 5分 8分
条理不清，思路紊乱。语言支离破碎或大部 分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有 较多的严重语言错误。 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文 字勉强连贯；语言错误相多，其中有一些是 严重错误。 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量 语言错误。 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。 基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
Writing
作文
四级作文考试大纲
大学英语教学大纲对学生写的能力有明确的 规定：能在半小时内写出120词左右的短文， 包括书信、文章摘要等。文理基本通顺具体 地说，四级写作一般是要求学生运用学到的 语言知识，按规定的题目和提示，在半小时 内写出120词的短文，内容连贯，无重大语 法错误。
评判标准
2）词性误用
I get up early to do exercises in order to strong my body. I get up early to do exercises in order to build up my body/ build me up. Some regard fail as a good thing. They first find out the reason why they have failed and then do their best to overcome the obstacles. Some regard failure as a good thing. They first find out the reason why they have failed and then do their best to overcome the obstacles.
3）中式英语
I am necessary to find a part-time job during the vacation. It is necessary for me to find a part-time job during the vacation. In the past, many men objected to their wives’ to go to out to work. In the past, many men objected to their wives’ going out to work. When I first came here, I couldn’t accustom the weather. When I first came here, I couldn’t accustom (myself) to the weather.
II How to make a good sentence
1) Avoid sentence fragment(断裂句） Wrong: Every day I spend one hour watching TV in the evening. Because it helps me relax. Right: Every day I spend one hour watching TV in the evening because it helps me relax. 2) Avoid run–on sentence Wrong: We spend the summer in Wuhan we had a bad time. Right: WE spent the summer in Wuhan, and we had a bad time.
CET-4 作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring) 方法,阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分 (Reward Scores) ,而不是按语言点的错误数 目扣分. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判. 内容和语言是一个统一体.作文应表达题目所 规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达.要考虑 作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是 否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考 虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍.
3) Avoid and-and construction: Poor: We finish our work, and we went fishing, and we had a wonderful time. Better: After we finished our work, we went fishing, and we had a wonderful time. 4) Avoid putting the main idea of a sentence into a subordinate construction. Poor: I saw a car heading straight toward me, when I was unable to move from fear. Better: When I saw a car heading straight toward me, I was unable to move from fear.
5）词不达意
Fake drugs are not efficient in treating diseases. Fake drugs are not effective in treating diseases. efficient: 用于物时， 指不浪费，效率高的，用 人时指具有很强的工作能力和效率。 effective:指（某物）能产生优良效果能解决问 题。
outstanding的意思是“杰出的”，一般用来表 达好的方面。 serious的意思是严肃的，严重的
Sentence level
I. What is a sentence? A sentence is a group of words which express a single, complete thought of very closely related thoughts.
4）搭配不当
I have difficulty to pay for my college education. I have difficulty in paying for my college education./ It is difficult for me to pay for my college education. The government should make some measures against fake commodities. The government should take some measures against fake commodities. There is some possibility for you to succeed as long as you work hard. There is some possibility of your success as long as you work hard. There is some possibility that you may succeed as long as you work hard.
It is the habit of foreigners to exchange gifts at Christmas. It is the custom of foreigners to exchange gifts at Christmas. habit : 专用于指个人的习惯，即个人行为因长 期重复而习惯成自然。 custom:既可以指个人的习惯，也可以指某个社 会的习惯。即“风俗”。
Some manufacturers only know making money. Some manufacturers only care for making money. I usually go to the department store to buy something at weekends. I usually go to the department store to do some shopping at weekends. The good commodities can not be sold well, because the fake commodities are much cheaper. The good commodities don’t sell well, because the fake commodities are much cheaper. There is a poor market for the good commodities, because the fake commodities are much cheaper.
At first, reading extensively can give people knowledge in many fields. First/firstly, reading extensively can give people knowledge in many fields.、 at first: 表示“最初”之意。e.g. At first, I found English very difficult. first/firstly:用于列举谈话内容，后面经常跟 second/secondly, third/thirdly, last/lastly
11分 14分
Word level
1）拼写错误 2）词性误用 3）中式英语 4）搭配不当 5）词不达意
源自文库
1）拼写错误
The government should offer special previleges to those who come back from foreign countries.
(privileges)
College life is full of varity. (variety) This social phenominon reflects that more and more Chinese people have come to realize the importance of taking out insurance. (phenomenon) Different people have different opinons on the topic of friendship. (opinions) However, adequate money does not garantee children good education. (guarantee)
The housing problem is so outstanding that the government had to solve it with concentrated efforts. The housing problem is so serious that the government has to solve it with concentrated efforts.
My family is not rich, so I can not dependent on my parents. My family is not rich, so I can not depend on my parents. Some people have many “lucky numbers”, but they don’t luck at all. Some people have many “lucky numbers”, but they are not lucky /have no luck at all. You can sale some little goods to gain some tuition and fees. You can sell some little goods to gain some tuition and fees.
2分 5分 8分
条理不清，思路紊乱。语言支离破碎或大部 分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有 较多的严重语言错误。 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文 字勉强连贯；语言错误相多，其中有一些是 严重错误。 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量 语言错误。 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。 基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
Writing
作文
四级作文考试大纲
大学英语教学大纲对学生写的能力有明确的 规定：能在半小时内写出120词左右的短文， 包括书信、文章摘要等。文理基本通顺具体 地说，四级写作一般是要求学生运用学到的 语言知识，按规定的题目和提示，在半小时 内写出120词的短文，内容连贯，无重大语 法错误。
评判标准
2）词性误用
I get up early to do exercises in order to strong my body. I get up early to do exercises in order to build up my body/ build me up. Some regard fail as a good thing. They first find out the reason why they have failed and then do their best to overcome the obstacles. Some regard failure as a good thing. They first find out the reason why they have failed and then do their best to overcome the obstacles.
3）中式英语
I am necessary to find a part-time job during the vacation. It is necessary for me to find a part-time job during the vacation. In the past, many men objected to their wives’ to go to out to work. In the past, many men objected to their wives’ going out to work. When I first came here, I couldn’t accustom the weather. When I first came here, I couldn’t accustom (myself) to the weather.