中考英语不定式讲解

初三英语名师金牌讲堂讲座系列（二）

（接上讲）

want

need to be done/doing

require

口诀：主语为物，后接to be done或者主动

．．doing。

例①：The classroom needs cleaning/to be cleaned.（这间教室需要打扫一下。）

例②：The watch needs fixing/to be fixed.（这块手表需要修理一下。）

（5）不定式作宾语补足语：

hope：hope to do/ hope that …从句

<1> 表示“希望”的三种形式：wish：虚拟语气结构

expect：跟that从句，expect to do，expect sb. to do

口诀：看到hope绝不选。（没有

．．hope sb. to do的结构）

<2> v.+ sb.+ to do的结构：

tell let

ask + sb. + to do sth. 但是

．．：make +sb. + do sth.

order have

<3> 感官动词（“七窍动词”）see, watch, notice, observe, smell, hear, feel+ sb. + do sth. 例①：I often hear a mad guy sing upstairs every midnight.

（我经常听到一个疯子在楼上每天半夜唱歌。）

例②：I often see Tom’s father drive Tom to school every morning.

（我经常看到汤姆的爸爸每天早上开车子送汤姆去学校。）

（6）不定式作主语补足语：

被动的概念：“反宾为主”。

结构：“七窍动词”被动+ to do：sb. be seen/ heard/ noticed/ observed+ to do sth.

例①：The mad man is often heard to sing upstairs every midnight.

（每天晚上那个疯子在楼上唱歌的歌声经常会被听到。）

例②：Robert is noticed to do the homework for Mary.

（罗伯特被查出来替玛丽做作业。）

练习：1. 汤姆被告知要及时订正他的错误。

Tom was told to correct the mistakes in time.

2. 所有的士兵被命令全体立正。

All the soldiers were ordered to stand attention.

3. 有人经常看到三班的学生经常照顾老年人。

The students in Class Three are often noticed/ seen to look after/ take care of the old. （7）不定式作状语：

<1> 目的状语：in order to/ so as to，so as to 不能放在句首。

否定形式：so as not to/ in order not to

口诀：not位置最前方：not to do, not to be done…

<2> 结果状语：too… to… , enough to, only to do

（i）too…to…结构找介词，往往后方的动词是不及物动词。

例①：The chair is too dirty to sit on.（这个椅子太脏了，不能坐上去。）

例②：The room is too dirty to live in.（这间房间太脏了，人不能住进去。）

听力考点：too…to…结构除了表示否定，还表示“肯定的概念”。

例①：The fans are too anxious to know the result of the game.（球迷们急于知道比赛的结果。）例②：They are too excited to jump.（他们激动地跳了起来。）

（ii）enough to结构：放在形容词或副词后方。

例①：The children are too young to ride in the street.（改写成enough to结构）→The children are not old enough to ride in the street.

（iii）only to do 表示“出乎意料做某事”

only doing 表示“某事在意料之中”

例①：Tom hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had already gone.

（汤姆急匆匆的感到火车站，最终发现火车已经发走了。）【意料之外】

例②：Yesterday I went to visit my middle school teacher, only to be told he had gone to America.

（昨天我去拜访我的中学老师，最终被告知他已经去美国了。）【意料之外】

例③：The police telephoned Tom that his home had been broken into. Tom hurried back home, only finding everything flying.（警方给汤姆打电话说他家里已经被盗，汤姆急忙回家，发现所有的东西都不见了。）【意料之中（有“警方告知家中被盗”的背景）】

例④：Tom rushed into the nearest supermarket, just to find a shelter from the rain.

（汤姆冲进最近的超市，只是要找一个避雨的地方。）

总结：only to do：不曾意料，出乎意外地…

only doing：意料之中，不出所料…

just to do：就是为了做（目的状语）