中考英语复习 时间状语从句语法及
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英语时间状语从句讲解
(一)when, while和as引导时间状语从句的用法
一、when的用法
如果只从现象来看,when从句用的最多的是一般过去时,而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。
1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候,你在写信吗?
4. Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。
when从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态,而只是把它作为一个时间点,所以when多数情况下用的是一般过去时,则不用正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时,它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点,有的文章补充说:when从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。
实际上,when从句也可以有其它的时态,但几乎也不用进行时,因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如:
2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.
3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?
二、while的用法
相比于when来说,while从句的侧重点就不一样了。while从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思是:当while事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何如何。所以,while从句一般用的是正在进行时。而
另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根据具体情况而定。例如:
1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
3. While they were talking, the bell rang.正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。
从时间的角度来看,while表示的是一段时间,是一个过程。这是while的侧重点。因此,如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候,就可以用while。
6. Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
这句话中,是说趁着铁是热的这段时间,赶紧打铁。如果换成when意思就变了,相当于说铁只热了一下,打一下,然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。
再例:
—I'm going to the post office.
—While you're there, can you get me some stamps?
三、as的用法
as从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中。但与while从句不同的是,as从句用的一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边……边……”。例如:
1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.
2. The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边做笔记。
3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited.
as表达的事件,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,as只是一个次要的时间说明,不像while从句有强调while动作本身的意思。因此,
as常常翻译成“随着……”之意。
例如:
1. As the time went on,the weather got worse.随着时间的推移,气候更加糟糕。
2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.
3. As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.
少数情况下,如果强调动作正在发生,as从句也可以用正在进行时。
这只能算是特例了。
1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying.
2. As we were going out, it began to snow.正当我们出门时,雪开始下起来。
3. He came in as I was going to bed.我正要上床睡觉,他进来了。
四、when, while, as的互换
如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as可以互换使用。
1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.[dance为延续性动词]
2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing aletter.[make为延续
五、比较while, when, as
1)as, when引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如:Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up tome.
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when引导这个从句,不可用as或while。例如:When you have finished your work, you may have arest.
3)从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as,不用when或while。
例如:As the day went on, the weather got worse.
(二)before和after引导的时间状语从句