初中英语从句知识点总结归纳

宾语从句

定义：宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子

女口：He said that he wan ted to be a teacher whe n he grew up.

二. 宾语从句有三种类型：

1. 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that常可被省略。例如：I hope （that） they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.

2•由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示是否（有，能，已经••…）” 等一般疑问句的含义。

例如：I wonder whether （if） he lives here.

3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which 禾口连接畐U词when,where,how,why 等引导的宾语从句表示谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。

例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.

Do you know what he said just now? I won dered how old his brother was.

三. 宾语从句的时态呼应：主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”

1. 当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。

2. 主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。

3. 情态动词must —般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。

四. 宾语从句的语序

1宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）

当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词

女口：She asked me who had helped him

状语从句

英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。

时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

时间状语的连接词：when （当…时候）while （当…时候）as （当…时候）after （在…以后）before （在…以前）as soon as（—…就）since （自从…到现在）till /until （直到…才）by the time （到…为止）依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。

1. whe n当…的时候（一般情况下：主将从现）

2. while 当…时

He visited a lot of places while he was traveli ng.

3. as 在••的同时；一边••一边…

He smiled as he stood up.

4. after 在…之后

He left the classroom after he had fini shed his homework the other day.

5. before 在…之前

Mr. Brow n had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.

6. as soon as 一…就…一般情况下：主将从现）

We bega n to work as soon as we got there.

I will write to you as soon as I get home.

7. since 自…以来到现在

表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前（说话时间）为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Mr Gree n has taught in that school si nee he came to three years ago.还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：si nee three years ago自三年前以来）表示。）

8 till /un til 直到

都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。

They walked till /un til it was dark.

Xiao Ming didn ' t leave home till / until his father came back.

9. by the time至卜为止（所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时）

By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.

By the time I got to school, the class had already bega n.

用法辨析：l.when, while和as的区别

When引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示就在那时”。

例如：When she came in, I stopped eati ng. 她进来时，我在吃饭。

（瞬时动词）

When I lived in the coun tryside, I used to carry some water for him.

当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were about to leave whe n he came in. 我们就要离开，就在那时他进来

了。