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文献出处：Kar F, Fan J, Y u W. Comparison of different test methods for the measurement of fabric or garment moisture transfer properties[J]. Measurement Science & Technology, 2007, 18(7):2033.

英文原文

Comparison of different test methods for the measurement of fabric or

garment moisture transfer properties

F Kar, J Fan and W Yu

Abstract

Several test methods exist for determining the water vapour permeability or resistance of textile fabrics or garments. The differences and interrelationships between these methods are not always clear, which presents a problem in comparing results from different test methods. This study is aimed at investigating the relationships between the test results from four typical test methods, including the moisture transmission test (Model CS-141), ASTM E96 cup method, sweating guarded hot plate method (ISO11092) and the sweating fabric manikin (Walter). For the range of air permeable knitted fabrics tested, it was found that good interrelationships exist between the results from the four types of test

methods, although some discrepancies exist between different tests due to differences in testing conditions. Test results from different moisture transfer test methods can therefore be convertible with due consideration. Keywords: fabric, water vapour transmission rate, clothing comfort, water vapour resistance

1. Introduction

Moisture transfer properties of textile fabrics and garments are important to the thermal comfort of clothed persons. A number of test methods have been developed to evaluate the moisture transfer properties of textile fabrics and garments. However, since the techniques and testing conditions of these tests are very different, results from these tests are not directly comparable. It is therefore necessary to investigate the differences and interrelationships between the results from these different test methods.

Dolhan compared two Canadian Standards (CAN2-4.2-M77 and CAN/CGSB-4.2 No. 49-M91) and the ASTM E96 test methods for measuring the water vapour transmission properties and found that the results of these tests were not directly comparable because of the differences in the water vapour pressure gradients driving the moisture transmission in the different test methods Gibson [8] conducted an extensive investigation on the relationship of the test results from the sweating guarded hot plate (ISO11092) and those from the ASTM E96

Cup Method. In his work, permeable materials, hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane laminates were tested and the results were standardized in the units of air resistance and water vapour transmission rate. It was found, except for the hydrophilic samples, there is a clear correlation between the results from the two tests. As the test condition in the guarded sweating hot plate tests resulted in much higher equilibrium water content in the hydrophilic polymer layer, which influences the polymer’s permeability, the water vapour transmission rate through the hydrophilic membrane is greater when tested using the sweating guarded hot plate. As pointed out by a number of previous researchers [7, 12], different relative humidity gradients present in the various test methods cause the intrinsic transport characteristics of hydrophilic polymers to change. For such fabrics, there tend to be poor correlations between different test methods that employ differing relative humidity gradients, since the resistance is a function of the water vapour concentration and temperature. Consequently, Lomax [11] pointed out the need for investigating the correlations of results from different test methods for different types of fabrics.

Gretton et al [9] classified the fabric samples into four categories, including air permeable fabrics, microporous membrane laminated fabrics, hydrophilic membrane laminated/coated fabrics and hybrid coated/laminated fabrics, in investigating the correlation between the test