古希腊神话与宗教Religion and Myth--英美文化

The Twelve Olympian Gods
Athena (雅典娜)
•She is the goddess of
wisdom and patron goddess
of Athens.
•She was associated with
warfare, arts, and handcrafts.
•Born:
The gods of Mystery religions
Dionysus (迪俄尼索斯) or Bacchus(巴克斯)
• •
Another name: Bacchus The god of wine.
•
Worship: the worshippers ,mostly women in the beginning, gathered on hills at night and by torchlight they danced wildly with the noise of flutes, wine drinking, and even tore wild animals to pieces and devoured them raw.
Artemis (阿尔忒弥斯)
•Artemis and Apollo are
twins.
•She watched over
childbirth and guarded wild creatures.
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Ares (阿瑞斯)
•Ares is the son of Zeus
The gods of Mystery religions
The origin of wine divine
•
When people discovered how to grow the grape and to make
wine, they found intoxication divine, and gave honour to he. while he was still a boy, he was torn into pieces by Titans, who ate his all flesh but the heart. Zeus swallowed the he heart and brought forth the new Dionysus.
1. The public or state religion represented by the Olympian pantheon .
•
Two major categories:
It involves 12 gods, such as Zeus(宙斯)， Athena(雅典娜) we are known etc.
The gods of Mystery religions
Demeter (德墨特尔)
• • •
A sister of Zeus. Harvest goddess. It is said she is related of
the origin of Winter
The gods of Mystery religions
They dwelled on Mount Olympus.
•
2.The popular cults or mystery religions.
•
In it were the worships of Demeter(德墨特尔), Dionysus(狄俄尼索斯) ,and Orpheus(俄尔甫斯)
The gods lived on earth and were associated with the seasons, cycles of nature, and fertility.
and Hera.
•He delighted in fierce
battles, and he
possessed a quick
temper and few morals.
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Aphrodite
(阿佛洛狄忒)
• Zeus’s daughter and the
Ancient Greek Civilization
Religion and Myth Reporter: xuemei Qin
Religion
and myth was a shared heritage of all Greeks and inseparable part of both private and public affairs.
Mystery religions
•
The gods and goddesses of mystery religions were probably derived from ancient earth and harvest deities. At first they were worshipped only by the lower
•
The Olympian Religion
The
•
Olympian religion was polytheistic, involving twelve gods. The gods intervened in human affairs; they were like human in many respects.
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Hermes (赫尔墨斯)
•The messenger for his fellow deities. •The patron of thieves. •The god of trade and god fortune.
Mystery religions
•
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Zeus(宙斯)
•The King of the gods on Mount Olympus.
•Ruler of Mount Olympus.
•Hurling thunderbolts and presiding over the
divine councils. •He have sexual relationships with both mortals and immortals.
•
•
The Titans were struck by Zeus with lightning,
from whose ashes sprang the human race. So
man was partly of earth, and partly of heaven.
The gods of Mystery religions
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Hera(赫拉)
•She is the sister and wife of
Zeus.
•She watched over woman
who appealed to her for help and kept a close eye on her wandering husband.
The origin of Winter
•
Demeter had a daughter named Persephone, who was abducted by Hades(哈迪斯-冥王)，Demeter finally rescued her daughter, but not before Hades had tricked her daughter into eating a fruit that made her return to the underworld for three months each year. Thus,
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Aphrodite
(阿佛洛狄忒)
•Ironically, Homer has
Aphrodite married to
Hephaestus ,the ugly and
lame son of Zeus who was master of smith and the patron of craftspeople
In
ancient Greece, the city-state and religion could not be separated, for the fate of each community depended on the civic deity.
Public
rituals and festivals drew together the citizens, infused them with civic pride, and reminded them of their common heritage.
•
The main characterization of this religions is
the secrecy associated with the particulars
of the initiation and the ritual practice, which
may not be rBiblioteka Baiduvealed to outsiders
of Zeus.
•He guard the all of in
the underworld.
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Hestia (赫斯提亚)
•She protected the hearth
and its scared flame
The Twelve Olympian Gods
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Athena (雅典娜)
•She is the goddess of
wisdom and patron goddess
of Athens.
•She was associated with
warfare, arts, and handcrafts.
•Born:
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Poseidon (波塞冬)
•He is a brother of Zeus.
•He rule the seas, all
waters, and earthquakes.
The Twelve Olympian Gods
Hades (哈迪斯)
•He is another brother
goddess of love and beautiful . •Aphrodite has married to Hephaestus ,the ugly and lame son of Zeus who was master of
smith and the patron of
craftspeople •She were adulterous lover. She always betray her husband.
•
orders, but later the rituals spread and were
integrated into the civic calendar.
•
The practices originally invoked the powers of the earth to ensure a successful planting and a bountiful harvest.
Apollo (阿波罗)
•Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto fairy .
•He symbolized the sun.
•Zeus’s favorite sun,
personified the voice of
reason.
The Twelve Olympian Gods
The Greeks endowed their deities with physical bodies and individual personalities, creating a fascinating blend of charm and cruelty, beauty and childishness, love of justice and caprice.