四级写作功能段落及句型

四级说明议论类作文的九种功能段落及句型

9种功能段落：图表、现象、原因、意义、危害、举例、建议（方法）、提出观点、对比观点。

例(02.6)：As is shown in the chart, the average hours a student spends using computers has grown up tremendously. For one thing, from 1990 to 1995, the average hours that students spent on computers in every week only doubled. For another, in 2000, college students averagely spent 20 hours per week on computers, which is five times as large as that of 1995. It is obvious that college students become increasingly crazy about computers.

图表模板

As is shown / depicted / described in the picture / chart / cartoon, 概括图表内容或反映的趋势. For one thing, 支持这一内容的一个方面. For another, 支持这一内容的另一个方面. It is obvious that 图表所反映的问题.

描述图表句型：（不要面面俱到地描述，把所有的数字都报告一遍。只描述趋势、上升或下降，比较, 排名即可。）

“从图表中可以看出”

(1) According to/As can be seen from/As shown in/ It is clear/apparent from the chart （饼状图，柱状图）/graph （曲线图）/table （表格）/figure （数字）/statistics （数据）, ….

(2) The chart/graph/table reveals/shows/suggests that . . .

(3) From the statistics/information given in the chart/graph/table, we can estimate/see/conclude that . . .

趋势

(4) During the period 1970—1999/From 1910 to 1974/Since 1980/Since the early 1980s, there was/has been sudden/ sharp/dramatic/ steady/ slight/gradual jump/ rise/increase/ fluctuation（波动）/ decrease/ decline/reduction/ drop in the number of people who/personal income/college population.

数字上升或下降

(5) The number/figure/percentage of…nearly/almost doubled/tripled, as compared with those/that of last year.

(6) The number/figure/percentage increased/dropped/decreased more than/almost six times/twice/two and a half times, compared with . . .

(7) By comparison with 1990, it shot up/jumped/increased/rose/decreased/dropped/fell in the past few years/ in 1998

占百分比

(8) It accounts for 15 percent of the total.

排名

(9) (如China) ranked the first in terms of (如GDP) followed by (如U.S.A.). … ranked in the world's top five as a car manufacturer in 1985.

例1（03.1）：In this time and age, the problem of dishonesty has aroused public attention. What amazes us most is that a lot of students cheat in exams. And people seem to get accustomed to many dishonest behaviors. We can see that there are dishonest practices in all walks of life.

描述现象段模板1

In this time and age（=recently）, 描述现象，引起话题. What amazes us most is表现较为典型的一个方面. And 对于现象作出评论. We can see that总结现象普遍性.

例2（12.6）：With the amazing improvement of living standard, commodities with excessive packaging have poured into the markets and stores, such as luxurious moon cakes and traditional Chinese rice-pudding （粽子）. Such a prevailing phenomenon leads to such a serious waste that it has aroused people’s wide concern and strong criticism.

描述现象段模板2

With the amazing improvement of living standard, 现象_have poured into…. Such a prevailing phenomenon leads to such 结果that it has aroused people’s wide concern and strong criticism.

描述现象常用句型：

中立现象：

(1)In this time and age, the phenomenon/ problem of …has aroused public/world-wide attention.

(2)One of the pressing problem confronting our society today is…

(3)With the amazing development/improvement/expansio n of…, people increasingly/ an increasing number of…

(4) With the growing recognition/realization/acknowledgement of…,

(5)With…playing an increasingly big role in…,

(6)These days there is a(n) increasing/growing tendency to/concern over…

(7)Over the last several years, along with the improvement/rapid development of economy, an increasing number of students/ parents/ residents/people have been V+ing…