高二英语 人教版选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity 重点短语句型及语法
人教版高中英语选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity教学设计与反思
人教版高中英语选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity教学设计与反思Unit 1 A land of diversityI．教学内容分析本单元的中心话题是美国第三大州——加利福尼亚。
本单元的两篇文章分别采用两种写作手法来让读者了解加利福尼亚的具体情况。
Warming Up部分以填图的形式让学生对美国的地理有一个初步的认识，同时也让他们了解加利福尼亚州的位置，为学习阅读文章做准备。
这部分可以以小组活动的形式进行，努力调动学生讨论的积极性，以达到热身的效果。
Pre-reading部分让学生观看加州的土著人、金矿工和中国城的图片，并多针对这些图片进行讨论，激发学生对加利福尼亚的兴趣。
Reading部分是详细介绍加州居民和移民的历史，更加形象地使学生认识到“美国是民族的熔炉”。
Learning about Language部分突出了词汇和语法的学习与训练。
本单元的语法是名词性从句的具体用法。
Using Language部分中包括了听、读、写三个部分的内容，是本单元主要篇章的有力补充和辅助。
学生可从乔治的旅游过程中了解加州的旅游景点，以及其文化、习俗和人们的生活状况。
该部分提出的一些问题有利于培养学生独立思考的能力和人文精神。
其中写作部分是训练学生选取和组织材料的能力——通过思考，写出叙述合理且思路清晰的电子邮件或者明信片。
Learning Tip指导学生掌握和别人交谈时的技巧，以及鼓励别人说话的方法。
II．教学重点和难点1. 教学重点(1) 本单元教学目的和要求中的生词和短语；(2) 掌握运用名词性从句的具体用法；(3) 了解加利福尼亚移民的特点以及加州的人文、历史等。
2. 教学难点(1) 了解美国文化的多元化特征，培养学生跨文化交际的意识，提高他们自身的素质；(2) 学会使用“方向和位置”来介绍一个地方或描述一个事件，以及鼓励别人说话的方法；(3) 学写有关介绍国家或城市等的说明文。
Unit+1+A+land+of+diversity+Vocabulary课件人教新课标选修八
11． indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示→ indication n. 迹象→ indicator n. 指示器；指示信号 12． fascinate v. 吸引；使着迷→ fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 13. _r_a_c_ia_l_ adj. 人种的；种族的→__ra_c_e__ n. 人种；种族 14._s_o_c_ia_l_i_st_ n. 社会主义者 adj. 社会主义(者)的→__s_o_ci_a_l__
I hope you can take in what I said. 我希望你能理解我所说的话。
The child was not easily taken in by the cheat. 这个孩子不会轻而易举地被骗子欺骗。
Trees take in carbondioxide and gives out oxygen. 树木吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。
6. Don’t let the situation escape from your grasp. ___n_._控__制____(词义)
indicate
reform
distinct
aircraft boom means racial
percentage immigrastitoranit
civil majority
apply v. 申请；应用；涂 application n. 应用;申请;申请表
I am writing to apply for the post of volunteer for our school English association.
我写信申请我们学校英语协会志愿者这个职位。
人教版高二英语选修8_Unit_1_A_land_of_diversity__全单元教案
Unit 1 A land of diversityThe First Period Warming up一．Aims:1. Teaching aimsHelp the students learn more information about America.Important words: ocean, coast, mountain, range, compare2. Ability aimsEnable the students to know more about Ameri ca and can give some cities’ names 二．ContentsStep IAsk the students to talk about the names in groups, and then write down them on the map.Step IICompare answers with other groupsStep IIIGive the correct names to the students.Step IVTell the students some information about America to improve their interest. And ask some students to say what they know about America.Homework To observe an American mapAdd:__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Teaching reflecting:_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________The Second Period Reading 一．Aims:1.Enable the students to talk about things about the USA.2.Help the students learn the huge diversity of races and cultures in America,especially in California.二．Contents:Step 1 Warming up.1.Ask the students to describe what they learn about the USA.2.Group work: look at the map of the USA with your group. Write on the map thenames of as many of the following as you can. Compare your names with other groups.Step 2 Pre-reading1.Ask the students to tell things about California including its location, size,population, economy, history etc. What do you learn about California?2.Show the students some pictures and encourage students not only to say what eachpicture is about but how each one relates to California.Step 3 Fast reading1.Read through the passage and get the main idea.2.Reading comprehension.Ask the students the following questions:1)When you look at the title, what so you think of ?A land of differences. California is a land of great differences — differences in climate, in landscape and attitude.2) Why is the USA called a melting pot?There are many immigrants to the USA and there are many cultures and nationalities. So it is a place in which people, ideas, etc of different kinds gradually get mixed together.3.Beside each date note down an important event in Californian history.Step 4 Detail readingBeside each cultural group , write the period in which they first came toStep 5 After readingWhy is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community? (Using 3 or 4 sentences to explain. )Step 6 HomeworkFinish “Learning about language” on page 4.Teaching reflecting:_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________The Third Period Language Points 一．Aims:1.Learn expressions and phrases.2.Learn language points.二．Contents:1. means: a method or a way of doing. 方式，方法，手段（但复数同形）Translate:一切可能的办法都试过了。
Unit1-A-land-of-diversity基础知识-新人教版选修8
Unit 1A land of diversity——多元化的社会重点单词1．means n. [C]方法；手段(单复数同形)(1)means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常及主谓一致结合起来进行考查。
要注意，means作主语时，前有every, each, one等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数；前有several, some, many, few, all等修饰语时，谓语动词用复数。
means n．手段；方法；mean v．意思是；打算by all means当然可以，一定，务必by means of 依靠by no means 绝不，一点也不by this means ＝in this way用这种方法means of travel /transportation交通方式【易错提示】(1)当means作主语且有every, each, one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
(2)by no means放到句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。
By no means shall I do it.我绝不会干那事。
Every possible means has been tried, but none worked.＝All means have been tried, but none worked.各种办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。
way 多及in连用，构成in...waymethod 多及with连用，构成with...methodmeans 多及by连用，构成by...meansapproach 多及to连用，构成approach to...用means, method, way和approach的适当形式填空。
(1)He thought of an efficient________to the study of English idioms.(2)He solved the problem by this________.(3)She tried to find a________to solve the puzzle.(4)We have no better ideas, so let's try your________.(5)By no means________such a good opportunity!A．shall I miss B．I shall missC．miss I D．I miss2．majority n. 大多数；大半点拨：(1)单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。
新人教版高中英语选修8 Unit 1 A Land of Diversity知识点整理
Book 8 Unit 1 A Land of Diversity【重点词汇】1. distinction n .区别/差别卓越/卓著make a distinction /no distinction between A and B有区别/没有区别▲ The new law makes no distinction between adults and childrenEmployers should hire men and women without distinction 无差别地/一视同仁地/一律地He passed the exam with distinction 优异地/显著地▲distinct . adj 明显的/清楚的/有区别的be distinct from…in… =be different from…in…There was a distinct smell of gas That is a distinct advantage▲distinguish v. 区分/辨别distinguish A from/and B distinguish right from wrong▲distinguished adj尊贵的/卓越的/杰出的be distinguished for/as: be famous for/as2. live on 继续活着/继续存在live on sth以某物…为生/ 靠某物生活e.g. Lu Xun is dead but his writing lives on.She lived on for many years after her husband died.Small birds live mainly on insects.You can’t live on forty pounds a week.【拓展】feed on 以…为主食/靠吃…生活live with sb/sth接受或容忍某现象/和…生The brave girl is learning to live with her disabilitylive up to 实践（原则，誓言等）, 不辜负(他人的愿望),达到,符合live through 经历…而活过来3. means表示“方法，方式，手段”，其单复数同形, 其谓语动词得到单复数往往根据修饰means的形容词判断。
高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity课件 新人教版选修8
The midwestern state of Missouri is called The ShowMe State.The people of that frontier state were once famous for not believing everything people told them.
Nebraska is the only state to have a nickname that honours sports teams！The state university’s athletic teams are nicknamed Cornhuskers in recognition of one of the area ’ s chief crops.The state borrowed the Cornhusker nickname from the university.
The western desert state of Nevada is called the Silver State.It was once home to many silver mines and towns that grew up around them.Today, most of them are empty “ghost towns”．
New York was called the Empire State because of its natural wealth.The most famous Manhattan skyscraper got its name from the state.It is, of course, the Empire State Building.
高二英语人教新课标选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity 单元复习课件
熟记单词
1.n.&v.(人口,贸易)繁荣 2.n.手段，方法 3.n.大多数 4.v.移入(外国定居), 5.n.百分比 6.prep.尽管，不管 7.n.国籍，民族 8.n.申请者 9.vi.发生 10.adj.清晰的,明显的, 11.n.差别.区分.显著 12.vt.指出.标示 13.n.苦难 14.n.海关 15.adv.显然地 16.vi.滑动 17.vt.选举 18.v.插入，嵌入 19.vt.雇用 20.adj.公民的.国内的 21.n.惩罚，处罚 22.n.权威，当局，官 方 23.v.抓住，掌握，领会 24.v.改革，革新 25.n.行李 26.adj.联邦制(政府)的
9.问题是我们下一步该怎么办。(Predicative Clause)
what we should do next The problem is __________________ ．
10老师催促我们按时交作业。(Object Clause)
The teacher urgered that __________________.
考纲知识预览
20． civil (adj.) 公民的，国内的 21. punishment (n.) 惩罚，处罚 authority/authoritie (n.) 权威，当局，官方 22． s grasp 23． (v.) 抓住，掌握，领会 24． reform (v.) 改革，革新 25． luggage (n.)行李 26．federal adj.联邦制(政府)的
we hand in our homework on time
11.人们认为运动会会按计划举行。 (Subject Clause) It is believed that
高二英语人教版选修八unit1_A_land_of_diversity_reading_课件
【巩固运用】 (1) Studies show that people are more ____to suffer from back problems if they A always sit before computer screens for long hours. （2010陕西高考） A.likely B. possible C. probable D. sure （2）句型转换 A.They’re likely to lose the game. It is likely that B. _______ ________ ________ ________ they will lose the game.
F
1. probable, likely, possible 【观察思考】 It is likely that she will succeed. He is likely to arrive a bit late. 【句型】 It is likely/possible/probable that …很可能 sb/sth is likely to do sth 某人/物有可能做 某事
Superior Huron Ontario
Erie
Michigan
50 stars —— Each star represents one state
Red —— courage
Blue — loyalty and justice
White — freedom
13 stripes —— the original 13 states.
Most Recent Arrivals Later Arrivals
Native Americans
people
人教版高中英语选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity
人教版高中英语选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity第一课时教学设计一、教学内容Unit 1 A land of diversityreading California二、教材分析本单元主要围绕了具有多元文化的美国这一主题展开，其中重点介绍了加利福尼亚州的多元文化特征。
学习本单元有助于培养学生跨文化交际意识，进一步拓宽视野，为终身学习奠定良好的基础。
本课时是本单元的第一课时,内容包括热身(Warming up),读前（Pre-reading)，阅读(Reading)和理解(Comprehending) 四个部分。
其中阅读部分以“加利福尼亚州”为题，分别介绍了其地理位置，移民潮，使学生认识到“美国是民族的熔炉”。
此部分提供了本单元的主要阅读语篇，载有本单元话题“A land of diversity”的重要信息，且呈现了本单元的大部分的词汇和主要语法结构。
三、学情分析①．学生个性和英语水平差异大，教学设计要有梯度，由浅入深，注意层次性。
教师要抓住学生的心理，激发学生的学习兴趣，让他们在学习中学会参与，在参与中学会学习。
②．根据学生的心理特征，采用视、听、说的教学方法，从感性认识入手，逐渐上升到理性认识，培养学生运用英语进行表达的能力。
四、教学目标设计1. 知识目标：①. 学生通过阅读California 这篇文章，了解美国之所以被称为“大熔炉”的原因。
②. 使学生掌握、理解并能熟练运用重点词汇短语和句型。
2. 能力目标：①. 学生学会快速阅读的方法、培养筛选局部和整体信息的能力及独立阅读的能力和合作学习的能力；训练阅读技巧，同时加强听，说，写等能力训练，提高获取信息和处理信息的能力。
②. 培养学生的质疑意识，提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力；充分利用多媒体技术，培养学生组织语言、运用语言的能力。
3. 情感价值观：通过本节课的学习, 通过了解美国的多元文化特征，培养学生跨文化交际意识；通过对加州移民的深入了解，使学生认识到“美国是民族的熔炉”。
【最新】高中英语选修8人教版课件 Unit1A land of diversity.ppt
②Young people were ________ at the meeting. 这次会议中，年轻人占了多数。 ③The actress Zhao Wei ______________ the actress Tang Wei at the Hong Kong International Film Festival in 2015. 演员赵薇在 2015 年香港国际电影节上得票多于演员 汤唯。 ④She majored in history while at college. 她在大学里主修的是历史。 答案：②in the majority ③had a majority over
⑥In the nursing profession，women are ________ a majority.
答 案 ： ①are ②have/has ③agree ④by/with ⑤over ⑥in
3．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人
( 教 材 原 句 P2)By the time California elected to become the thirty－first federal state of the USA in 1850， it was already a multicultural society.
答案：①by means of ②By no means ③by any means
2．majority n．大多数；大半
(教材原句 P2)Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
人教版高中英语选修8《Unit 1 A land of diversity》教案
人教版高中英语选修8《Unit 1 A land of diversity》教案人教版高中英语选修8《Unit 1 A land of persity》教案【一】教学准备教学目标三、教学目标1.知识技能目标1)能从文中获取主要信息，如获取What happened to the Native Americans after the arrival of the Europeans? After all those sufferings, did all Native Americans choose to leave the land? How do you know (from the text)? 等直接信息能力;2)能从文本中加工和处理信息，如What did the Spanish do to the Native Americans in the 16th century?(此问题需提取数个段落的文本信息)Two groups of immigrants had something in mon. What are they? (double choices) Why? (此问题需要学生从文字的表面信息加工处理后方可得到答案) 3)能透过信息表层思考人文精神，培养学生的发散性思维与批判性思维，如what do you think of the Native Americans who survived and stayed at CA?How do you think the Europeans could have succeeded in making the Native Americans slaves or even kill them?Do you think language plays an important part in a culture? 等。
2.情感目标学生能通过信息加工后学习移民们的不畏困难、坚持不懈等珍贵品质，并推论出落后就要挨打，少年强则中国强的借鉴意义。
(完整版)人教版高中英语选修8课文及翻译
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALSIn more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.克隆一直在我们左右并且已经被大多数人接受。
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Book 8 Unit 1 学习笔记（原创笔记，请同学们在笔记本上抄好笔记，开学检查）必背句型1：1.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.(what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；从句中what充当know的宾语)类似句型：Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. (从句中what充当call的宾语)仿写：I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown.比较：My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live.2.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(it is likelythat…很有可能……；可与句型sb/sth be likely to do…互换)仿写：It is likely that we will study online at home for one more month.我们很可能得再在家网上学习一个月➔ We are likely to study at home for one more month.3.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholicreligion to the natives. (the first/second/…/last + to do)类似句型：The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.仿写：At 50 I was the first woman to travel (travel) alone to the North Pole.4.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. (That’s why+后接结果，意为“那就是……的原因，一般前文已经说明原因)仿写：He is addicted to computer games, and that is why he is left behind others. 他迷恋电脑游戏，这就是他落后于别人的原因。
The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up. 他取得如此成功的原因是他从不放弃。
➔He never gives up. That is why he has had such a success.➔He has had such a success. This is because he never gives up.5.It was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to Californiain the 1860s. (强调句型)仿写：It is the ability to do the job that matters(重要), not where you come from or what you are. 是你做事的能力才重要，而不是你的来历或身份。
6.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial orcultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(It is believed/reported/thought/supposed… that…人们……；据……)仿写：It is believed that greenhouse gases are the main causes of global warming.人们认为温室气体是全球变暖的主要原因。
必背短语1：pare…with/to…把…和…相比较2.live on继续存在；继续生存；以……为食；靠……生活The doctors passed away but their spirits will live on forever. 这些医生们走了，但他们的精神将永存。
The poor disabled couple live on a small income. 这对可怜的残疾夫妇靠微薄的收入生活。
近义词：feed on以……为食3.by means of用……办法，借助by this means用这种方式/法by all means无论如何；当然可以(口语)by no means决不；无论如何都不(放句首时句子要倒装)4.in addition此外；而且➔additionally; besides; furthermore; moreoverin addition to除……之外，加之5.fight against与……作斗争fight with与……作斗争；与……并肩作战fight for为……而战斗6.settled in安顿下来；适应7.the majority(of…)大多数(接可数或不可数名词，作主语时谓语与后面的名词保持一致)The majority of work has (have) been finished before dark. 天黑之前大部分工作已经被完成了。
in the majority占大多数8.declare war on/ against对……宣战9.make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生make/earn a/one’s living谋生10.elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人➔election n.选举；当选elect … as …选举某人为……elect to do选择做……Donald J. Trump was elected as the 45th president of the US in 2016. 特朗普于2016年当选为美国第45任总统。
11. a large percentage (of…) 大多数的；大量的12.keep up坚持；维持；保持；(使)继续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)keep up with跟上13.become/be home to是……的所在地；是……的家；是……的根据地课文词块翻译1：1.the third largest state第三大州2.in the early 16th century 在16世纪初期in the late 19th century 在20世纪末期in the 1860s在19世纪60年代3.at the beginning of the 20th century 在20世纪初期4.all over the world 全世界5.achieve/realize one’s dream 实现……的梦想必背句型2：1.It occurred to sb that… 某人突然想起…类似句型：It hit/struck sb that…某人突然想起…仿写：It occurred to me that he might be interested in the problem we had discussed.我突然想到他可能会对我们讨论的问题感兴趣。
2.Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a betterform of transport than horsedrawn trams. (Built in 1873过去分词短语作状语；who引导非限制性定语从句)仿写：Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.由于出生于贫寒家庭，Nadia只上过两年学。
3.It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go.(with复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语，在句中作定语)仿写：She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.她看到一条小河，两岸长满了红花绿草。
必背短语2：1.back to back背靠背neck and neck肩并肩hand in hand手拉手2.make comments/a comment (on) 评论…；评价…3.feel like (doing) 想要(做…)4.team up with与……合作或一起工作come up with提出(建议、想法等) catch up with追上，赶上put up with忍受；容忍keep up with跟上，赶上5.mark out划线；标出…界线be marked with... 标记着, 以……形式纪念When doing my reading, I often mark out what I regard as important in a book.6.take in包括；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗；留宿，收留7. a number of若干；许多(后接可数名词复数)an increasing number of/ a growing number of越来越多的(后接可数名词复数)8. a great/good many = many；a large/great number of许多；大量(后接可数名词复数)A good many teenagers are addicted to computer games. 许多青少年沉迷于电脑游戏。