高二英语 人教版选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity 重点短语句型及语法

Book 8 Unit 1 学习笔记

（原创笔记，请同学们在笔记本上抄好笔记，开学检查）

必背句型1：

1.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.(what引导宾语从句，

作介词in的宾语；从句中what充当know的宾语)

类似句型：Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. (从句中what充当call的宾语)

仿写：I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown.

比较：My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live.

2.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(it is likely

that…很有可能……；可与句型sb/sth be likely to do…互换)

仿写：It is likely that we will study online at home for one more month.我们很可能得再在家网上学习一个月

➔ We are likely to study at home for one more month.

3.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic

religion to the natives. (the first/second/…/last + to do)

类似句型：The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.

仿写：At 50 I was the first woman to travel (travel) alone to the North Pole.

4.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. (That’s why+后接结果，意

为“那就是……的原因，一般前文已经说明原因)

仿写：He is addicted to computer games, and that is why he is left behind others. 他迷恋电脑游戏，这就是他落后于别人的原因。

The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up. 他取得如此成功的原因是他从不放弃。

➔He never gives up. That is why he has had such a success.

➔He has had such a success. This is because he never gives up.

5.It was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California

in the 1860s. (强调句型)

仿写：It is the ability to do the job that matters(重要), not where you come from or what you are. 是你做事的能力才重要，而不是你的来历或身份。

6.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or

cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(It is believed/reported/thought/supposed… that…

人们……；据……)

仿写：It is believed that greenhouse gases are the main causes of global warming.人们认为温室气体是全球变暖的主要原因。

必背短语1：

pare…with/to…把…和…相比较

2.live on继续存在；继续生存；以……为食；靠……生活

The doctors passed away but their spirits will live on forever. 这些医生们走了，但他们的精神将永存。

The poor disabled couple live on a small income. 这对可怜的残疾夫妇靠微薄的收入生活。

近义词：feed on以……为食

3.by means of用……办法，借助

by this means用这种方式/法

by all means无论如何；当然可以(口语)

by no means决不；无论如何都不(放句首时句子要倒装)

4.in addition此外；而且➔additionally; besides; furthermore; moreover

in addition to除……之外，加之

5.fight against与……作斗争

fight with与……作斗争；与……并肩作战

fight for为……而战斗

6.settled in安顿下来；适应

7.the majority(of…)大多数(接可数或不可数名词，作主语时谓语与后面的名词保持一致)

The majority of work has (have) been finished before dark. 天黑之前大部分工作已经被完成了。

in the majority占大多数

8.declare war on/ against对……宣战

9.make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生

make/earn a/one’s living谋生

10.elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人➔election n.选举；当选

elect … as …选举某人为……elect to do选择做……

Donald J. Trump was elected as the 45th president of the US in 2016. 特朗普于2016年当选为美国第45任总统。

11. a large percentage (of…) 大多数的；大量的

12.keep up坚持；维持；保持；(使)继续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)

keep up with跟上

13.become/be home to是……的所在地；是……的家；是……的根据地