最新近十年管理类联考英语翻译真题及答案汇总资料
管理类专业学位联考英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)
管理类专业学位联考英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. TranslationTranslation1．Who would have thought that globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do —roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emission? Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 0.7 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the right answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.正确答案：从全球范围来看，IT行业产生的温室气体大约占二氧化碳总排放量的2％，这跟全世界所有航空公司产生温室气体一样多，谁会想到这一点呢? 许多日常的工作对环境造成了人们意想不到的破坏。
管理类专业学位联考英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
管理类专业学位联考英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 5. V ocabularyV ocabulary1．The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of______irritation.A．mutualB．optionalC．neutralD．parallel正确答案：A解析：mutual意为“共同的，相互的”；optional意为“选择性的”；neutral 意为“中立的”：parallel意为“平行的”，经常与介词to搭配使用。
2．Williams had not been there during the_____moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A．superiorB．rigorousC．vitalD．unique正确答案：C解析：superior意为“优质的，较好的，高级的”，一般与介词to搭配使用；rigorous意为“严格的，严厉的”；vital意为“极其重要的”；unique意为“唯一的，独一无二的”。
3．Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents holding a wide______of jobs.A．rangeB．fieldC．scaleD．area正确答案：A解析：range意为“范围，变化幅度”，可以构成a range of短语，意为“各种各样的”，range from…to…短语，意为“在……和……之间变动”；field意为“领域”；scale意为“规模，幅度”；area意为“地区；领域”。
4．Modern manufacturing has______a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products.A．translatedB．transformedC．transferredD．transported正确答案：B解析：translate意为“翻译”；transform意为“转型，转化”；transfer意为“调动，转学”；transport意为“运输”。
mba英语 翻译 真题及答案解析
mba英语翻译真题及答案解析MBA英语翻译真题及答案解析随着全球化的深入，MBA英语翻译作为商科考试的一部分变得越来越重要。
掌握好翻译技巧可以提高我们的分数，也能够在商业领域中更好地与国际同行交流。
本文将从MBA英语翻译的特点和要求开始，然后对一些常见的MBA英语翻译真题进行分析，并提供答案解析。
MBA英语翻译的特点和要求MBA英语翻译相较于一般的英语翻译有其独特的特点和要求。
首先，MBA英语翻译中的词汇和表达主要涉及商业和管理领域，需要掌握一定的商业词汇和专业术语。
其次，翻译的内容通常具有一定的难度和复杂性，需要我们具备较高的语言功底和逻辑思维能力。
最后，时间压力也是MBA英语翻译考试的一大特点，我们需要在有限的时间内高效地完成翻译任务。
MBA英语翻译真题及答案解析1. 题目：对公司在市场上的竞争优势进行翻译。
答案解析：对于这类题目，我们首先需要理解“竞争优势”和“市场”两个词的含义。
竞争优势可以翻译为"competitive advantage"，而市场可以翻译为"market"。
因此，正确的翻译应为"competitive advantage in the market"。
2. 题目：翻译以下句子："公司希望扩大在国际市场的份额。
"答案解析：这道题要求我们翻译一个比较复杂的句子。
首先，我们需要理解"公司"、"扩大"、"国际市场"和"份额"这几个词的含义。
"公司"可以翻译为"company"，"扩大"可以翻译为"expand"，"国际市场"可以翻译为"international market"，而"份额"可以翻译为"market share"。
近十年管理类联考英语翻译真题及答案汇总
近十年管理类联考英语翻译真题与答案汇总在2018年的联考大纲中,英语翻译共15分.而很多考生的翻译往往都是丢分项,友课教育整理了近10年的英语翻译题与参考答案,大家可以适当练练手.2007Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life.Creativity has come to be valued,because new technologies,new industries and new wealth flow from it.And as a result,our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas.It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today,and in many senses always has been.The big advances in standard of living--not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace--always have come from"better recipes,not just more cooking."One might argue that's not strictly true.One might point out,for instance,that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times,much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine,but from the widespread application of"cooking in quantity"business methods like massive division of labor,concentration of assets,vertical integration and economies of scale.But those methods themselves were creative developments.人类创造力的提升,作为经济生活所定义的特征,为我们这个时代正在发生的巨大变化,提供了巨大的动力.因为新的技术,新的工业,新的财富都伴随着创造力产生,创造力逐渐受到重视.所以,我们的生活中和社会中,开始回响着创造性的思想.正是我们在各个方面对创造力的认同,形成了我们这个时代潜在的精神.创造力对于我们今天的生活和工作是致关重要的,从许多意义上来说曾经也是.在不设计大市场中大的竞争优势的情况下,生活水平的大幅度提高总是来自更好的食谱,而不是更多的烹饪.也许会有人提出这并不完全正确.有人也许会举例指出,从早期的工业革命到现代化时代这么长的时期内,在工业领域中,许多生产效率的进步和物质财富的增长并不仅仅来源煜创造性的发明,如蒸气机,还来源于讲求量的商业方法的广泛应用,比如大规模的劳动力划分,资本集中,纵向联合和经济规模.但是这些方法本身就是创造性的发展.2008The term〞business model〞first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet<空白表格程序>.Before the spreadsheet,business planning usually meant producing a single forecast.At best,you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection.The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart,its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested.You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which.your business depended-for example,what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes,you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole.In other words,you could model the behavior of a business.Before the computer changed the nature of business planning,most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design.By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics,spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.随着个人计算机和空白表格程序的发明,〞商业模型〞这个属于首次得到了大规模的使用,空白表格程序被发明前,商业计划通常以为着产生一个单一的预测,充其量,你也只能在此单一预测的基础上再做一些敏感性分析.空白表格程序开启了一种更具分析性的规划方法,其原因是空白表格程序中的每一行中的项目都可以被拆分,其中的每一个部分与字部分都可以被分析和测试.你可以对你的商业外所以来的关键设想提出〞的问题,例如,"如果顾客对价格的敏感度超过了我们的预期怎么办〞,只需敲击几下键盘,你就可以看到某个变化对全局的各个方面回产生怎么样的影响,换句话说,你可以对商业的行为建立模型.在计算机改变了商业规划的本质之前,绝大部分成功的商业规划与其说是策划出来的,不如说是运气使然.空白表格程序将公司的时常洞察力与相应的经济结果更为紧密的联系起来,从而使公司在商业运营开始前建立商业模型变为可能.2009With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff.The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’excessive risk-taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued,to others in the past,in this case,it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along thechain,advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road,in hopes averting the next crisis,which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets.But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s,and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.2010"Sustainability〞has become a popular word these days,but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning.Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance.He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for a job,signed on with a bounder agency.It didn’t go will."It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,〞says Ning,whose dilemma about the job translated,predictably,into a lack of sales.〞I was miserable.I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job.Everyone said,"Just wait,you’ll turn the corner,give it some time.〞本质如今已成一个热门话题,但对TedNing而言,这个概念一直有个人含义,经历了一段痛苦非本质个人生活,使他清楚面向本质的价值观,必须惯彻每天的行动和选择中.Ning回忆起了1990年代,买保险的迷茫时光,他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂找工作与Boulder代理机构签了约.事情进展不顺利,TedNing说到：那真是个糟糕的选择,因为我对此没有激情,可以预料到他在工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务NING说：我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板,我没钱需要工作,每个人都说等吧,只要有耐心会好转的.2011Who would have thought that,globally,the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment.A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the"right"answer.To deliver results to its users quickly,then,Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world,packed with powerful computers.While producing large quantities of CO2,these computers emit a great deal of heat,so the centres need to be wellair-conditioned,which uses even more energy.However,Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements.Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction,but there is much more to be done,and not just by big companies.有谁会想到,在全球X围内,IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多?占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用.根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数,谷歌搜索引擎会插手0.2-7克的二氧化碳的排放量.要快速将结果传递给用户,谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心.这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体.所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备,然而却耗能更多.2012When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate.A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This"brain drain〞has long bothered policymakers in poor countries,They fear that it hurts their economies,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.发展中国家的人们为移民忧虑时,他们通常担忧的是离开自己国家去去硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学的最优秀、最聪明的群体的前景.这些劳动者正是像英国、加拿大、澳大利亚这样的国家通过赋予受过大学教育者以特权的移民法想要吸引的人群.很多研究发现,来自发展中国家的那些受到良好教育的人们极有可能选择移居他国.20##对印度家庭开展了一项广泛的调查,结果显示约40%的移民受过高中以上的教育.相比而言,在所有年龄超过25岁的印度人中,受过高中以上教育的人数比例只有约3.3%."人才流失〞一直困扰着贫穷国家的政策制定者们.他们担心这会对本国的经济造成损害,造成国家急需的技工的流失.这些技术人员可能曾在他们的大学教学,也可能曾在他们的医院工作,或者曾经构想出智能化的新产品让他们的工厂去生产.2013I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was,what happened in the news and even the day of the week,I’ve been able to do this,since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly.When I think of a sad memory,I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side.I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer.Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid.I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day of the week the day of the week day before.I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.从过去的53年里随便找出哪一天,我都能够立刻想起那一天我在哪里,那一天发生了什么新闻,甚至那一天是星期几.从4岁起,我就能这么做了.我从来没有为自己所记住的大量的信息而感到不知所措.我的大脑似乎能够应对这种状况,能够有条理地将这些信息记在脑子里.当我想起悲伤的事情时,我会像每个人一样,尽力把它放在一边,不去想它.我并不认因为我的记忆非常强而导致很难把不高兴的事情放在一边.强大的记忆力并不能使我的情感更加敏锐和生动.我能够记得我祖父去世的那一天,以与前一天我们去医院的路上所感到的悲伤.同样,我也能记得同一天在百老汇上演的音乐剧《Hair》——这些事情都以同样的方式在我脑海里突然浮现.2014Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass that’s perpetually half full.But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists would not recommend."Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,〞says Taal Ben-Shah-ar,a Harvard professor.According to Ben-Shah-ar,realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shah-ar uses three optimistic exercises.When he feels down—say,after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human.He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner,some will be less effective than others.Next is reconstruction.He analyzes the weak lecture,learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesnot.Finally,there is perspective,which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life,one lecture really does not matter.在大部分人眼中,乐观主义就意味着永远满怀希望、无忧无虑,遇事只往好的方面想.然而积极心理学专家认为这种乐观只是假象,不建议人们这么做.哈佛大学教授塔尔·本沙哈尔指出："健康的乐观主义应该是切合实际的.〞他认为,现实的乐观主义者会尽力让事事顺利,而不是迷信万事大吉.本沙哈尔提出了"三步乐观法〞.第一步：在碰到例如演讲表现糟糕这种让人沮丧的情况时,他首先会安慰自己人非圣贤,不是所有的演讲都能拿到诺贝尔奖,总会有些演讲的效果不如他人.第二步：重现场景.他会对这次失败的演讲进行分析,总结优缺点,为以后的演讲吸取经验教训.第三步：形成这样一个观念,要明白在生命的宏大蓝图中,一次演讲着实微不足道.2015Think about driving a route that's very familiar.It could be your commute to work,a trip into town or the way home.Whichever it is,you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.On these sorts of trips it's easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time thanit actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect:people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.When we travel down awell-known route,because we don't have to concentrate much,time seems to flow more quickly.And afterwards,when we come to think back on it,we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it.So we assume it wasshorter.设想一下,你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上.可能是你每天上下班、去城里、或是回家的路.不管是哪一条路,你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌,非常熟悉.在这样的路途中,我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉,对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾.如此一来,你会觉得路上所花的时间比实际要少.这就是"熟悉路线效应"：人们往往会低估行驶在熟悉的路上所花费的时间.这一效应由我们分配精力的方式引起.当行驶在熟悉的路上时,由于我们不用太过集中精力,时间似乎飞逝而过.随后,我们回想行车过程时,由于我们没有过多关注,所以对行车的印象也很模糊.因此我们会认为花费的时间会更短些.2016The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you’ll see,and the more stuff you see,the more you’ll buy.And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according to the Food Market Institute,carries some 44,000 different items,and many carry tens of thousands more.The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments,the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about 40 minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽可能长的时间.原因非常简单：顾客在店里停留的时间越长,看到的商品越多；看到的商品越多,买的也就越多.超市陈列了大量的商品.根据食品市场科的调查,一般超市里有约44000种不同的商品,许多超市都有上万种.如此众多的选择足以使顾客陷入信息量超载的状态.根据脑部扫描实验,需要迅速地做出这么多决定就会使我们太累.大约购物40分钟以后,大多数人就放弃了去做理性的选择,取而代之的是冲动购物——正是此时,我们在购物车里已经装了一半根本没想买的东西.2017My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.Two years before graduating from secondary school,I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.However,during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future,so I decided that it was not the right path for me.Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism,because writing was,and still is,one of my favourite activities.But,to be absolutely honest,I said it,because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream-Iknew that no one,apart from myself,could imagine me in the fashion industry atall!So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing.This is when I noticed the course"Fashion Media&Promotion.〞我的梦想我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版领域找寻一份工作.在我中学毕业的两年前,我选修了一门"缝纫和设计〞课程,并且以为我能再继续学习一个时装设计的课程.然而,就在这个课程的学习过程中,我意识到,将来在这个领域,我是无法与那些富于创新精神的精英们相比的.于是,我断定这条路行不通.在申请上大学之前,我对所有人都讲,我想学新闻学,因为,写作曾经是并且现在也一直是我最喜欢的事情之一.但是,说实话,我之所以这样说,是因为我认为从事时装设计不过是我的一个梦想,我也知道,除了我之外,没有人能想象出我会从事时装设计的工作.因此,我决定去寻找一些课程,既与时尚相关、又涉与写作.就在这时,我注意到了《时尚媒体与营销》这门课程.。
管理类专业学位联考英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)
管理类专业学位联考英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 5. V ocabularyV ocabulary1．The poor lady was too______and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A．engagedB．exhaustedC．ignorantD．energetic正确答案：B解析：选项A、B、D都以“e一”开头，在词形上稍微有些相互的干扰，同时，有经验的考生也从中可以体察到一种线索的透漏，即正确答案在这三项的可能性更大。
engaged意为“忙碌的，使用中的”；exhausted意为“筋疲力尽的”；ignorant意为“无知的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的”。
从题干中不难看出，能跟distressed(哀伤的)合理地语意衔接应该是选项B，也符合“too…to”结构在语意上的提示。
2．At first______, the famous painting doesn’t impress the audience at all.A．glanceB．gazeC．stareD．view正确答案：A解析：glance意为“一瞥，匆匆一看”，at first glance是固定用法，意为“乍看，初看”。
再比如：At first glance，the plan seemed unworkable．乍一看，此计划好像不可行。
gaze意为“凝视”：stare意为“瞪”；view意为“景色，观点”。
3．Delegates agree to the plan in______, but there were some details they didn’t approve.A．disciplineB．theoryC．principleD．nature正确答案：C解析：discipline意为“纪律，学科”，没有in discipline的固定搭配：theory 意为“理论”，in theory表示“在理论上”，一般与in practice(在实际上)构成语义对照；principle意为“原理，法则”，inprinciple表示“原则上，大体上”，符合题意；nature意为“自然”，innature表示“在大自然中”，不符合题意。
管理学翻译真题及答案解析
管理学翻译真题及答案解析管理学是一个广泛应用于组织管理和领导的学科，涉及诸多的理论和实践。
对于学习管理学的同学们来说，翻译真题及答案解析是提高语言和理解能力的重要途径。
本文将为大家提供一些常见的，帮助大家更好地应对相关考试。
1. "The process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources within an entity with the overall aim of achieving organizational goals efficiently and effectively."这个句子是对管理学的基本定义进行的翻译。
其中，“planning”可以翻译为“计划”，“organizing”可以翻译为“组织”，“leading”可以翻译为“领导”，“controlling”可以翻译为“控制”，“resources”可以翻译为空间，“entity”可以翻译为“实体”，“organizational goals”可以翻译为“组织目标”，“efficiently”可以翻译为“高效地”，“effectively”可以翻译为“有效地”。
因此，完整的翻译可以是：“在一个实体内规划、组织、领导和控制资源的过程，其总体目标是高效地、有效地实现组织目标。
”2. "The ability to understand and work well with individuals, groups, and entire organizations to accomplish identified goals."这个句子强调了管理学的一个关键能力，即与个体、团体和整个组织合作以实现既定目标。
其中，“ability”可以翻译为“能力”，“understand”可以翻译为“理解”，“work well with”可以翻译为“与...合作良好”，“individuals”可以翻译为“个体”，“groups”可以翻译为“团体”，“entire organizations”可以翻译为“整个组织”，“accomplish”可以翻译为“完成”，“identified goals”可以翻译为“既定目标”。
MBA考试《英语》历年真题精选及详细解析0809-91
MBA考试《英语》历年真题精选及详细解析0809-911、Mike just discovered that his passport had（）three months ago.【单选题】A.abolishedB.expiredC.amendedD.constrained正确答案:B答案解析:expire不及物动词，意思是“（契约等）期满，终止”。
译：迈克刚发现自己的护照三个月前已经到期了。
abolish及物动词，废止，废除；amend及物动词，修正，修改，修订；constrain及物动词，强迫，抑制，限制。
2、A hush fell over the guests who had（）for the wedding celebration.【单选题】A.assembledB.participatedC.attendedD.summoned正确答案:A答案解析:assemble意思是“集合，聚集；装配”。
译：聚集参加婚礼的客人们安静下来。
participate (后接in)参加；attend 出席；summon召唤，传唤。
3、It's high time you( ).【单选题】A.goes wrongB.would start to workC.started to workD.had started to work正确答案:C答案解析:【译文】你开始工作的时间到了。
【解析】It is (high) time that...后面的从句谓语常使用虚拟形式，动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略，故选C。
4、Anti-hunger campaigns are successful in【阅读理解B】A.poor countriesB.all the worldC.the Climate Adaptation FundD.the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and MalariaE.BangladeshF.MalawiG.the U. S. and Europe正确答案:F答案解析:根据信号词Anti-hunger campaigns are successful可回文定位到第3段: The first is to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds:首先要推广马拉维的成功举措——马拉维是非洲南部的一个经常闹饥荒的国家，三年前，该国设立了一项特别基金来资助农民购买肥料和高产种子。
管理类专业学位联考英语(知识运用)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答
管理类专业学位联考英语（知识运用）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. ClozeClozeIn 1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had【1】the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge【2】from the dramatic growth of the economies of China and India to widespread【3】in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have【4】the economic and political map of the world,【5】some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities,【6】major importers —including China and India, home to a third of the world’s population—【7】rising economic and social costs. Managing this new order is fast becoming a central【8】of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to【9】scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government,【10】how unpleasant, to do it. In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being lost to corruption, 【11】these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign government, 【12】some in the West see as a new threat. Countries like Russia, Venezula and Iran are well supplied with rising oil【13】. a charge reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, 【14】costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany,【15】it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia【16】128 percent from 2001 to 2006. In the United States, as already high gas prices rose【17】higher in the spring of 2008, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senator McCain and Obama【18】for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to【19】. as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems【20】the country reported a sharp increase in riders.1．【1】A．comeB．goneC．crossedD．arrived正确答案：C解析：词汇题(词义和用法)。
管理类联考英语真题翻译答案2022年
治理类联考英语〔二〕翻译真题及答案2023 翻译Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has。
This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route。
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it shorter。
2023年全国研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题译文
2023年全国研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题译文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination for Management MajorsPart I: Translation1. Translate the following passage into English (30 points)考研考试是我国实施研究生培养制度的重要组成部分，它不仅是选拔研究生的重要途径，也是评价研究生培养质量的重要依据。
因此，考研考试的选拔发挥了推动研究生教育与培养创新型人才的功能。
Answer:The postgraduate entrance examination is an important part of the graduate education system in China. It is not only an important means of selecting postgraduates, but also an important basis for evaluating the quality of graduate education. Therefore, the selection of the postgraduate entrance examination plays a role in promoting graduate education and cultivating innovative talents.2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20 points)1) Public administration is an interdisciplinary field that integrates theory, policy, and practice.2) Management majors need to develop a solid foundation in economics, finance, and leadership.3) The advent of big data has revolutionized the way organizations make decisions and strategize.Answer:1) 公共管理是一个综合理论、政策和实践的跨学科领域。
管理类专业学位联考英语(知识运用)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答
管理类专业学位联考英语（知识运用）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. ClozeClozeThe Internet affords anonymity to us users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber crime that has【1】across the Web. Can privacy be preserved【2】bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 【3】? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a【4】to make the Web a safer place - a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 【5】of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled【6】one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential【7】to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to【8】a federation of private online identity systems. Users could【9】which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license【10】by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to【11】just once but use many different services.【12】the approach would create a “walled garden”in cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”to establish a sense of【13】community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with【14】, trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 【15】which the transaction runs.”Still, the administration’s plan has【16】privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would【17】be a compulsory of Internet “driver’s license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with【18】by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr. Schmidt should still leave much of the Internet【19】. They argue that all Internet users should be【20】to register and identify themselves in the same way drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．【1】A．sweptB．skippedC．walkedD．ridden正确答案：A解析：词汇题(词义选择)。
管理类专业学位联考英语(知识运用)历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答
管理类专业学位联考英语（知识运用）历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. ClozeClozeAdvancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory, right? Dana Denis is just 40 years old, but【1】she’s worried about what she calls “my rolling mental blackouts.”“I try to remember something and I just blank out,”she says. You may【2】about these lapses, calling them “senior moments” or blaming “early Alzheimer’s(老年痴呆症)”. Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the 【3】you remember? Well, sort of. But as time goes by, we tend to blame age【4】problems that are not necessarily age-related. “When a teenager can’t find her keys, she thinks it’s because she’s distracted or disorganized,”says Paul Gold. “A 70-year-old blames her【5】.” In fact, the 70-year-old may have been【6】things for decades. In healthy people, memory doesn’t worsen as【7】as many of us think. “As we【8】, the memory mechanism isn’t【9】.” says psychologist Fergus Craik. “It’s just inefficient.”The brain’s processing【10】slows down over the years, though no one knows exactly【11】. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and【12】there’s less activity in the brain. But, cautions Barry Gordon, “It’s not clear that less activity is【13】. A beginning athlete is winded (气喘吁吁)more easily than a 【14】athlete. In the same way,【15】the brain gets more skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it.”There are【16】you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears, though it【17】effort. Margaret Swell says: “We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to【18】to keep your brain 【19】shape. It’s like having a good body. You can’t go to the gym once a year【20】expect to stay in top form.”1．【1】A．almostB．seldomC．alreadyD．never正确答案：C解析：词汇题(词义选择)。
管理类专业学位联考英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)
管理类专业学位联考英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 5. V ocabularyV ocabulary1．These two chemicals______with each other at a certain temperature to produce a substance which could cause an explosion.A．interactB．attractC．reactD．expel正确答案：C解析：interact意为“相互影响，相互作用”，常与介词with搭配使用；attract 意为“吸引”：react意为“回应”常与介词to搭配使用，或者“起反应”，常与介词with搭配使用；expel意为“驱逐”。
2．______they can get people in the organization to do what must be done, they will not succeed.A．SinceB．UnlessC．IfD．Whether正确答案：B解析：since意为“自从；既然”；unless意为“如果不”；if意为“如果”；whether意为“是否”。
3．Once you have started a job, you should do it______.A．in practiceB．in theoryC．in earnestD．in a hurry正确答案：C解析：in practice意为“实际上”：in theory意为“理论上”；in earnest意为“认真地”；in a hurry意为“匆忙地”。
4．Although the new library service has been very successful, its future is______certain.A．at any rateB．by no meansC．by all meansD．at any cost正确答案：B解析：at any rate意为“无论如何”；by no means意为“决不，一点也不”：by all means意为“尽一切办法”；at any cost意为“以任何代价”。
2014-2022年MBA英语二翻译真题及答案
2014-2022年MBA英语二翻译真题及答案2022年考研英语二翻译真题Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected. Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realise that when one door closes, another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking out side the box will become your Second nature. In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you’re more likely to be able to find a solution when problem arises.虽然我们尽了最大的努力，但有时我们的画很少会像原来计划的那样。
管理类专业学位联考英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析)
管理类专业学位联考英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 5. V ocabularyV ocabulary1．The poor countries are extremely______to international economic fluctuations.A．inclinedB．vulnerableC．attractedD．reduced正确答案：B解析：inclined意为“倾向于……的”，派生自动词incline，意为“倾向于”；vulnerable意为“易受伤害的”，常构成be vulnerable to搭配，意为“易受……的影响”；attracted意为“受吸引的”，派生自动词attract，意为“吸引”；reduced 意为“减少的”，派生自动词reduce，意为“减少，压缩”。
2．Applicants should note that all positions are______to Australian citizenship requirements.A．subjectB．subjectiveC．objectedD．objective正确答案：A解析：be subject to意为“受……支配，遭受……”。
其他形容词没有类似搭配。
3．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal______to employment opportunities.A．entranceB．entryC．accessD．admission正确答案：C解析：entrance意为“入口”；entry意为“进入；参赛资格”；access意为“享用权，享用机会：进入权，接近机会”；admission意为“允许”。
4．Successful learning is not a(n)______activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific order.A．onlyB．soleC．mereD．single正确答案：D解析：only意为“唯一的”；sole意为“单独的；唯一的”；mere意为“仅仅的”；single意为“单一的，简单的；单身的”。
管理类专业学位联考英语(写作)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)
管理类专业学位联考英语（写作）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.jpg />正确答案：As is illustrated in the chart, the market share taken by home-made cars increased rapidly from 25% in 2008 to nearly 35% in 2009, while the market share owned by Japanese cars dropped from 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2008. Obviously, the market share of home-made cars and Japanese cars has significantly changed. What accounts for the change? In my view at least three factors contribute to the change. To begin with, the change is closely related to the self-owned technologies embraced in cars and the enhanced qualities. More importantly, the change has much to do with the turning of people’s attitude and outlook on car brands. The smart marketing made by domestic enterprises also stimulates the sale of home-made cars. With the development of Chinese car industry, the change is bound to continue for a few years in the future. As far as I am concerned, it is a positive change and should be encouraged, for it is beneficial not only to consumers, but for the development of home car industry.4．In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.正确答案：As is seen from the chart, the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady but slight increase from 2000 to 2007 and then remain constant between 2007 and 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have experienced a slow increase from 2000 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 2008. What accounts for the difference? In my view, at least three factors contribute to the change. To begin with, the developed countries have a limited number of populations and therefore, the spreading of the mobile phone service is efficient and soon the market is saturated. More importantly, the developing countries have a large population, which constitute a large demand for mobile service. As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper, the increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this service. Of course, the improvement of people’s living standard of developing countries greatly pushes up the consumption of life facilities. With the advancement of developing countries, an increasing number of people will subscribe mobile phones. In my opinion, it’s a positive trend, for it not only brings conveniences to people’s life, but stimulate the development of society.。
管理类专业学位联考英语(写作)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
管理类专业学位联考英语（写作）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.jpg />正确答案：As is shown in the table, the traffic accidents in 2005 add up to 1965 and increase by approximately 10 percent. Apparently, the number of traffic accidents dramatically increased in 2005 compared with the previous year. What accounts for the increase? In the light of the table, we can find that a couple of factors contribute to the change. To begin with, drivers’ careless driving behaviors are mainly responsible for the traffic accidents. Among them turning left without care gives rise to the most accidents of 608, while driving under the influence of alcohol leads to the highest accident increase rate. In addition, the increase of the accidents has something to do with pedestrians’careless behavior. Pedestrians’crossing roads carelessly is blamed for 401 accidents and causes an increase rate of 12 percent. Drivers’ ill driving habits such as failing to give a signal also result in traffic accidents, though the accident rate slightly decreases. Now that we are aware of the causes of the traffic accidents and the increase of them, it is time for us to work out measures to cut down the number. With strict driving regulations and education to drivers and pedestrians, the traffic accidents are expected to fall off and we are expected to live in a secure traffic environment.4．In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram. Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.正确答案：As is shown in the table, the number of the applicants for GCT is about 5,000 in 1998, roughly 10,000 in 2000, and nearly 25,000 in 2002 and finally to approximately 35,000 in 2004. Apparently, the number of GCT applicants has been on a dramatical rise over the past few years. A careful and overall consideration can lead us to single out at least three factors that can help to account for the great change. In the first place, a great many people are eager to perfect their qualification for their own career. By pursuing the special degree courses, they can acquire the special knowledge and skills required in their career. More importantly, the turning of people’s attitude toward and their outlook on life can explain the change. Now people treasure every opportunity to improve their quality to be a competent citizen. Most importantly, promotion and pay-rise motivate people to pursue higher degrees. It is often reported that a higher degree gives a person an advantage over others in promotion and pay-rise. With the society getting more and more competitive, this rising trend is bound to continue for the coming years. In my view, it should be encouraged for it benefits not only the candidates but the society.5．In this section, you are asked to write a letter based on the following statement. Your letter should be at least 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. “五一”、“十一”长假丰富了人们的业余生活，促进了旅游经济的发展，同时也带来诸如交通拥挤、环境污染等问题。
管理类专业学位联考英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编1.doc
管理类专业学位联考英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编1(总分：22.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Translation(总题数：3，分数：22.00)1.Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age. Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living —not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace — always have come from "better recipes, not just more cooking". One might argue that"s not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of "cooking in quantity" business methods like massive division of labor, concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ The smooth landing of shuttle(航天飞机)Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one: the dislodging of a big chunk of foam, like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve, the verdict is necessarily mixed.(61) Once again, the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem, and no one seems willing to guess how that may take. The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission, and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects.(62) Space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well, despite daily worries over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives. The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station, which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft.(63) They replaced a broken device, repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station, showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space. This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever, with the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit.(64) New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable. A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle"s underbelly, and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts to see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight.(65) The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes, made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart. In the end the damage was clearly tolerable. A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle"s skin the first of its kind moved an astronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights, perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success.（分数：10.00）(1).(61)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).(62)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).(63)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).(64)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).(65)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes.(56) An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibit more appealing to younger visitors. Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises.(57) For instance, a capable corporate manager might see alarming rise in local housing price that could affect availability of skilled workers in the region. The public"s changing values and priorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints, and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead. (58) People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology. Even at the community level, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students to develop. (59) Many of the best known technique for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the military, "thinking about the unthinkable". Pioneering futurists at the RAND Corporation began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future.(60) The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now.（分数：10.00）(1).(56)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).(57)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).(58)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).(59)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).(60)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
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近十年管理类联考英语翻译真题及答案汇总在2018年的联考大纲中，英语翻译共15分。
而很多考生的翻译往往都是丢分项，友课教育整理了近10年的英语翻译题及参考答案，大家可以适当练练手。
2007Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life.Creativity has come to be valued,because new technologies,new industries and new wealth flow from it.And as a result,our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas.It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today,and in many senses always has been.The big advances in standard of living--not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace--always have come from"better recipes,not just more cooking."One might argue that's not strictly true.One might point out,for instance,that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times,much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine,but from the widespread application of"cooking in quantity"business methods like massive division of labor,concentration of assets,vertical integration and economies of scale.But those methods themselves were creative developments.人类创造力的提升，作为经济生活所定义的特征，为我们这个时代正在发生的巨大变化，提供了巨大的动力。
因为新的技术，新的工业，新的财富都伴随着创造力产生，创造力逐渐受到重视。
所以，我们的生活中和社会中，开始回响着创造性的思想。
正是我们在各个方面对创造力的认同，形成了我们这个时代潜在的精神。
创造力对于我们今天的生活和工作是致关重要的，从许多意义上来说曾经也是。
在不设计大市场中大的竞争优势的情况下，生活水平的大幅度提高总是来自更好的食谱，而不是更多的烹饪。
也许会有人提出这并不完全正确。
有人也许会举例指出，从早期的工业革命到现代化时代这么长的时期内，在工业领域中，许多生产效率的进步和物质财富的增长并不仅仅来源煜创造性的发明，如蒸气机，还来源于讲求量的商业方法的广泛应用，比如大规模的劳动力划分，资本集中，纵向联合和经济规模。
但是这些方法本身就是创造性的发展。
2008The term”business model”first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序).Before the spreadsheet,business planning usually meant producing a single forecast.At best,you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection.The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart,its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested.You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which.your business depended-for example,what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with afew keystrokes,you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole.In other words,you could model the behavior of a business.Before the computer changed the nature of business planning,most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design.By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics,spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.随着个人计算机和空白表格程序的发明,”商业模型”这个属于首次得到了大规模的使用，空白表格程序被发明前,商业计划通常以为着产生一个单一的预测,充其量,你也只能在此单一预测的基础上再做一些敏感性分析.空白表格程序开启了一种更具分析性的规划方法,其原因是空白表格程序中的每一行中的项目都可以被拆分,其中的每一个部分及字部分都可以被分析和测试.你可以对你的商业外所以来的关键设想提出”的问题,例如,“如果顾客对价格的敏感度超过了我们的预期怎么办”,只需敲击几下键盘，你就可以看到某个变化对全局的各个方面回产生怎么样的影响,换句话说,你可以对商业的行为建立模型.在计算机改变了商业规划的本质之前,绝大部分成功的商业规划与其说是策划出来的,不如说是运气使然.空白表格程序将公司的时常洞察力与相应的经济结果更为紧密的联系起来,从而使公司在商业运营开始前建立商业模型变为可能.2009With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff.The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’excessive risk-taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued,to others in the past,in this case,it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along thechain,advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road,in hopes averting the next crisis,which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets.But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s,and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.2010“Sustainability”has become a popular word these days,but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning.Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance.He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for a job,signed on with a bounder agency.It didn’t go will.“It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,”says Ning,whose dilemma about the job translated,predictably,into a lack of sales.”I was miserable.I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job.Everyone said,“Just wait,you’ll turn the corner,give it some time.”本质如今已成一个热门话题，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦非本质个人生活，使他清楚面向本质的价值观，必须惯彻每天的行动和选择中。