2018北京高考试题

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2018年高考语文北京卷‘答案

绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）语文（满分：150分，考试时间：150分钟）一、本大题共7小题，共23分。

阅读下面的材料，完成1~7题。

材料一当年，科学技术的巨大进步推动了人工智能的迅猛发展，人工智能成了全球产业界、学术界的高频词。

有研究者将人工智能定义为：对一种通过计算机实现人脑思维结果，能从环境中获取感知并执行行动的智能体的描述和构建。

人工智能并不是新鲜事物。

20世纪中叶，“机器思维”就已出现在这个世界上。

1936年，英国数学家阿兰·麦席森·图灵从模拟人类思考和证明的过程入手，提出利用机器执行逻辑代码来模拟人类的各种计算和逻辑思维过程的设想。

1950年，他发表了《计算机器与智能》一文，提出了判断机器是否具有智能的标准，即“图灵测试”。

“图灵测试”是指一台机器如果能在5分钟内回答由人类测试者提出的一系列问题，且超过30%的回答让测试者误认为是人类所答，那么就可以认为这机器具有智能。

20世纪80年代，美国哲学家约翰·希尔勒教授用“中文房间”的思维实验，表达了对“智能”的不同思考。

一个不懂中文只会说英语的人被关在一个封闭的房间里，他只有铅笔、纸张和一大本指导手册，不时会有画着陌生符号的纸张被递进来。

被测试者只能通过阅读指导手册找寻对应指令来分析这些符号。

之后，他向屋外的人交出一份同样写满符号的答卷。

被测试者全程都不知道，其实这些纸上用来记录问题和答案的符号是中文。

他完全不懂中文，但他的回答是完全正确的。

上述过程中，被测试者代表计算机，他所经历的也正是计算机的工作内容，即遵循规则，操控符号。

“中文房间”实验说明，看起来完全智能的计算机程序其实根本不理解自身处理的各种信息。

希尔勒认为，如果机器有“智能”，就意味着它具有理解能力。

既然机器没有理解能力，那么所谓的“让机器拥有人类智能”的说法就是无稽之谈了。

在人工智能研究领域中，不同学派的科学家对“何为智能”的理解不尽相同。

2018北京市高考英语试题及答案解析

2018年高考英语试题(北京卷)一、单项填空一、单项填空21.——Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around? 21.—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just _________ on Monday. B. have started C. started D. had started A. start 22. _________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 23. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 24. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. D. had worked B. was working C. has worked A. is working 25. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. A. which D. that B. who C as 26. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. C. having shared D. shared A. share B. to share 27. China's high-speed railways __ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. D. had grown A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow 28. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 29. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 30. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. C. using D. use A. used B. to use 31. Without his support, we wouldn't be _________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 32. In today's information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. should C. can D. must 33. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. B. would drive C. were to drive D. had drivenA. drove 34.——Good morning, Mr. Lee's office. 34.—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon . A. for B. on C. in D. at 35. This is _________ my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 二、完形填空二、完形填空The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source （来源）of temptation （诱惑）. But the 36 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 37 more remarkable. After spotting a 38 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 39 to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he 40 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact （联系）the driver, only to 41 it contained £400 in notes, with 400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 42 a note behind to let the owner know know it it it was was was safe. safe. safe. When When When the the the car's car's car's owner owner owner John John John Anderson Anderson Anderson and and and his his his colleague colleague colleague Carol Carol Carol Lawrence Lawrence returned to the car car——which was itself worth £35, 000000——in Glasgow city centre, they were 43 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 44 . The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 45 . Mr. Mr. Anderson Anderson Anderson said said ：＂I I couldn't couldn't couldn't believe believe believe that that that the the the guy guy guy never never never took took took a a a penny. penny. penny. To To To think think think he he he is is sleeping on the streets tonight 46 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 47 he didn't take the wallet for himself ；he thought about others 48 . It's unbelievable. It just proves there are 49 guys out there.＂ Mr. Smith's act 50 much of the public's attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 51 about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 52 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown 53 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he's had job 54 and all sorts,＂ Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 55 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 36. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 37. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 38. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 39. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman 40. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 41. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe 42. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 43. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 44. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen 45. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement 46. A. when B. if C. where D. because 47. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just 48. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 49. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous 50. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew 51. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 52. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 53. A. of B. at C. for D. in 54. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 55. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge 三、阅读理解三、阅读理解AMy First Marathon（马拉松） A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂. The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂ By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21, I was starving! As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂. （56）A month before the marathon, the author ____________. A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope （57）Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year? A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory. （58）How was the author's first marathon? A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end. （59）What does the story mainly tell us? A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. D. One is never too old to learn.C. Failure is the mother of success. B航空) CenterFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation( If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of ＂downed＂pilot. With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task. All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7. Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone! For more details, please visit us online at . （60）Why do people come to SAC? A. To experience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation. D. To learn more about medicine. C. To get a degree in engineering. （61）To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to . B. get an Aviation badge first A. fly to space D. build and fire model rockets C. study the principles of flight （62）What is the most important for trainees? D. Survival skills. C. Task planning. A. Leadership. B. Team spirit. CPlastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 100 wax wax wax worms worms worms on on on a a a commercial commercial commercial polyethylene polyethylene polyethylene shopping shopping shopping bag bag bag for for for 12 12 12 hours, hours, hours, and and and the the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers researchers made made made some some some worms worms worms into into into paste(paste(糊状物) ) and and and applied applied applied it it it to to to plastic plastic plastic films. films. films. 14 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as as well, well, ＂she she explains, explains, ＂The The wax wax wax worm worm worm evolved evolved evolved a a a method method method or or or system system system to to to break break break this this bond. ＂ Jennifer Jennifer DeBruyn, DeBruyn, DeBruyn, a a a microbiologist microbiologist microbiologist at at at the the the University University University of of of Tennessee, Tennessee, Tennessee, who who who was was was not not involved involved in in in the the the study, study, says says it it it is is is not not not surprising surprising surprising that that that such such such worms worms worms can can can break break break down down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in in this one this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the c ause cause cause of the of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)? Bertocchini Bertocchini agrees agrees agrees and and and hopes hopes hopes her her her team's team's team's findings findings findings might might might one one one day day day help help help employ employ employ the the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind kind of of of industrial industrial industrial process process process —— not not simply simply ＂millions millions of of of worms worms worms thrown thrown thrown on on on top top top of of of the the plastic.＂（63）What can we learn about the worms in the study? A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. （64）According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed （65）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future （66）What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. C. To To To present present present a a a way way way to to to break break break down down down plastics. D. plastics. D. To To propose propose propose new new new means means means to to to keep keep eco-balance. DPreparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. （67）According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________. A.help deal with transportation-related problems B. provide better services to customers C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs （68）As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern? A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Affordability. D. Management. （69）What does the underlined word ＂fielded ＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced. （70）What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic. 四、任务型阅读四、任务型阅读Why Do We Get Angry? Anger Anger seems seems seems simple simple simple when when when we we we are are are feeling feeling feeling it, it, it, but but but the the the causes causes causes of of of anger anger anger are are are various. various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering （触发）events, personality traits （特征）（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ___71_____ T riggering Triggering Triggering events events events for for for anger anger anger are are are so so so many many many that that that to to to describe describe describe them them them all all all would would would take take hundreds hundreds of of of pages. pages. pages. However, However, here here are are are some some some examples: examples: examples: being being being cut cut cut off off off in in in traffic, traffic, traffic, a a deadline deadline approaching, approaching, approaching, experiencing experiencing experiencing physical physical physical pain, pain, pain, and and and much much much more.____72____ more.____72____ more.____72____ The The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits. Each Each person, person, person, no no no matter matter matter who who who they they they are, are, are, has has has psychological psychological psychological imbalances. imbalances. imbalances. People People People who who have have personality traits that connect with competitiveness personality traits that connect with competitiveness and and low upset tolerance are low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ___73_____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. ____74____Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger anger itself. itself. itself. Sometimes Sometimes Sometimes ignorance ignorance ignorance and and and negative negative negative ((消极的) ) outlooks outlooks outlooks on on on situations situations situations can can create anger. ____75____However, ____75____However, anger anger can can can easily easily easily turn turn turn violent, violent, violent, and and and it it it is is is best best best to to to know know know the the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, mind, we we we can can can evaluate evaluate evaluate our our our level level level of of of anger anger anger throughout throughout throughout the the the day day day and and and prevent prevent prevent cases cases cases of of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. E. E. Having Having Having these these these personality personality personality traits traits traits implies implies implies the the the pre-anger pre-anger pre-anger state, state, state, where where where anger anger anger is is is in in in the the background of your mind. F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 五、书面表达(一) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。

2018年北京市高考数学试题含答案解析

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）数学（文史类）第一部分（选择题共40分）一、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项.1．若集合{}2A x x =<，{}2,0,1,2B x =-，则A B =I （A ）{}01，（B ）{}-101，，（C ）{}-201，，（D ）{}-1012，，， 2）在复平面内，复数的共轭复数对应的点位于（A ）第一象限（B ）第二象限（C ）第三象限（D ）第四象限3．执行如图所示的程序框图，输出的s 值为（）．A ．12 B ．56C ．76D ．7124．设a ，b ，c ，d 是非零实数，则“ad bc =”是“a ，b ，c ，d 成等比数列”的（）． A ．充分而不必要条件 B ．必要而不充分条件 C ．充分必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件．5．“十二平均律”是通用的音律体系，明代朱载堉最早用数学方法计算出半音比例，为这个理论的发展做出了重要的贡献．十二平均律将一个纯八度音程分成十二份，依次得到十三个单音，从第二个单音起，每一个单音的频率与它的前一个单音的频率的比都等于．若第一个单音的频率为f ，则第八个单音的频率为（）．ABC ．D ．6．某四棱锥的三视图如图所示，在此三棱锥的侧面中，直角三角形的个数为（）． A ．1 B ．2 C ．3 D ．47. 在平面直角坐标系中，»AB ,»CD ,»EF ,¼GH 是圆221x y +=上的四段弧（如图），点P 在其中的一段上，角α是以Ox 为始边，OP 为始边.若tan cos sin ααα<<，则P 所在的圆弧是（A ）»AB（B ）»CD （C ）»EF（D ）¼GH8. 设集合(){},|1,4,2A x y x y ax y x ay =-≥+>-≤，则()A 对任意实数a ，()2,1A ∈ ()B 对任意实数a ，()2,1A ∉ ()C 当且仅当0a <时，()2,1A ∉ ()D 当且仅当32a ≤时，()2,1A ∉ 二．填空（9）设向量()1,0a =r ，()1,b m =-r。

2018年北京高考卷数学(理科)试题附详细标准答案

2018年北京高考卷数学(理科)试题附详细标准答案一、选择题（本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分）1. 设集合A={x|2＜x＜3}，集合B={x|x²3x+2=0}，则A∩B=（）A. {1}B. {2}C. {1, 2}D. ∅2. 若复数z满足|z|=1，则|z1|的最大值为（）A. 0B. 1C. √2D. 23. 在等差数列{an}中，若a1=3，a3+a5=18，则数列的前5项和为（）A. 25B. 35C. 45D. 554. 已知函数f(x)=x²+2ax+a²+2（a为常数），若f(x)在区间（∞，1）上单调递减，则a的取值范围为（）A. a≤0C. a≤1D. a≥15. 设平面直角坐标系xOy中，点A（2，3），点B在直线y=3上，则线段AB的中点轨迹方程为（）A. y=3B. x=2C. y=3xD. x=3y6. 若sinθ+cosθ=1/2，则sinθ·cosθ的值为（）A. 3/4B. 1/4C. 1/4D. 3/47. 在三角形ABC中，a=3，b=4，cosB=3/5，则三角形ABC的面积为（）A. 2√6B. 3√6C. 4√6D. 5√68. 设函数f(x)=x²2ax+a²+1（a为常数），若f(x)在区间[1，+∞）上单调递增，则a的取值范围为（）A. a≤1B. a≥1D. a≥0二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分）9. 已知数列{an}是等差数列，若a1=1，a3+a5=10，则a4的值为______。

10. 若复数z满足|z|=1，则|z1|+|z+1|的最大值为______。

11. 在等比数列{bn}中，b1=2，b3=16，则数列的公比为______。

12. 已知函数f(x)=x²+2x+a（a为常数），若f(x)在区间（∞，1）上单调递减，则a的取值范围为______。

2018年北京语文高考试卷(答案版)

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（北京卷）本试卷共10页，150分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、本大题共8小题，共24分。

阅读下面的材料，完成1—7题。

材料一当年，科学技术的巨大进步推动了人工智能的迅猛发展，人工智能成了全球产业界、学术界的高频词。

有研究者将人工智能定义为：对一种通过计算机实现人脑思维结果，能从环境中获取感知并执行行动的智能体的描述和构建。

人工智能并不是新鲜事物。

20世纪中叶，“机器思维”就已出现在这个世界上。

1936年，英国数学家阿兰•麦席森•图灵从模拟人类思考和证明的过程入手，提出利用机器执行逻辑代码来模拟人类的各种计算和逻辑思维过程的设想。

1950年，他发表了《计算机器与智能》一文，提出了判断机器是否具有智能的标准，即“图灵测试”。

20世纪80年代，美国哲学家约翰• 希尔勒教授用“中文房间”的思维实验，表达了对“智能”的不同思考。

一个不懂中文只会说英语的人被关在一个封闭的房间里，他只有铅笔、纸张和一大本指导手册，不时会有画着陌生符号的纸张被递进来。

被测试者只能通过阅读指导手册找寻对应指令来分析这些符号。

之后，他向屋外的人交出一份同样写满符号的答卷。

被测试者全程都不知道，其实这些纸上用来记录问题和答案的符号是中文。

他完全不懂中文，但他的回答是完全正确的。

上述过程中，被测试者代表计算机，他所经历的也正是计算机的工作内容，即遵循规则，操控符号。

“中文房间”实验说明，看起来完全智能的计算机程序其实根本不理解自身处理的各种信息。

希尔勒认为，如果机器有“智能”，就意味着它具有理解能力。

既然机器没有理解能力，那么所谓的“让机器拥有人类智能”的说法就是无稽之谈了。

2018年北京高考数学及答案

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学（理）（北京卷）本试卷共5页，150分。

考试时长120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回•第部分（选择题共40 分）一、选择题共 8小题，每小题 5分，共40分.1.已知集合Ax|x 2， B2,0,1,2，则 A B( )A 0,1 B. 1,0,1C. 2,0,1,2D.1,0,1,22.在复平面内，复数- 1 11的共轭复数对应的点位于（）iA 第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限3.执行如图所示的程序框图，输出的s 值为（）B.-C.-D.—124•“十二平均律”是通用的音律体系，明代朱载埴最早用数学方法计算出半音比例，为这个理论的发展做出了重要贡献•十二平均律将一个纯八度音程分成十二份，依次得到十三个单音，从第二个单音起，每一个单音的频率与它的前一个单音的频率的比都等于 122 .若第一个单音的频率为 f ，则第八个单音的频率为（）A 32fB. 3 22 fC.12 25 fD.1227 f5.某四棱锥的三视图如图所示，在此四棱锥的侧面中，直角三角形的个数为值为（A.1B.2 D.46.设a , b 均为单位向量，则“ a 3b 3a b 是“ a 丄b ”的（A 充分而不必要条件 B.必要而不充分条件 C.充分必要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件7.在平面直角坐标系中，记d 为点 P cos ,sin 到直线x my0的距离，当，m 变化时，d 的最大A1B.2C.3D.48.设集合A x, y | x y 1, ax y 4, x ay2，则（A 对任意实数a , 2,1 AC.当且仅当a 0时，2,1 AB.对任意实数a , 2,1 A3D.当且仅当a 时，2,1 A2侧〔左）规图、填空题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分.四个交点及椭圆 M 的两个焦点恰为一个正六边形的顶点，则椭圆 M 的离心率为 _________________ ;双曲线N 的离心率为 ___________ .三、解答题共6小题，共80分。

2018年高考北京卷文综(含答案)

绝24．每年三四月间，居庸关长城附近山花盛放。

市郊铁路S2线列车穿行于花海中，被称为“开往春大的列车”，吸引了大量踏青的游客，游客的涌入给森林消防和轨道交通带来了安全隐患，当地政府采取封山禁入措施，但效果不理想，于是转变思路，变堵为疏，着手规划建设花海列车观景平台。

这一做法①履行了政府的市场监管职能，有利于建立良好市场秩序②自觉运用矛盾观点，创造条件，将风险点转化为共赢点③有利于满足人们的精神文化需求，带动当地旅游业发展④有利于开发该线路的经济价值，说明文化的力量来自于经济A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④25．山脊上，代表中华悠久文化的长城蜿蜒曲折：山腰间，詹天佑创造性设计的“人”字形铁路折回而上；地表下，运用当代中国先进技术建造的京张高铁穿行向前。

为避免破坏沿线文物和环境，京张高铁建设者采用“精准微爆破”等所技术，在地下100多米建造隧道，做到施工地表零沉降，实现了高铁与环境和谐共存。

下列分析正确的是A．京张高铁与“人”字形铁路是新旧事物的关系B．工程设计与施工水平的提高说明实践活动具有社会历史性C．建设者的创新意识是高铁成功建设的首要前提D．高铁与环境和谐共存体现了矛盾同一性是推动事物发展的动力26．万古奔腾的长江，孕育着源远流长的中华文明，为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河，《长江万里图》的创作①体现了自然性与人文性的统一②说明时代精神是艺术创新的泉③体现了创作者为祖国可山立传的文化自信④说明客观真实是评价艺术作品的根本标准A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④27．“窗含西岭千秋雪”“玉窗五见樱桃花”。

中国传统建筑中窗的设计，巧妙之处在于可以引进阳光、空气，为居室主人呈现大自然的馈赠，借助窗外的空间美，人的心灵之窗也被打开，“纳千顷之王汪洋，收四时之烂漫”。

下列选项正确的有①“窗”“景“情”之间是本质的必然的联系②借窗生景的设计体现了征服自然的天人合一理念③窗与景、景与诗、诗与情的交融体现了人的创造性④窗的设计体现了内与外、近与远、有限与无限的和谐统一A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④28．关于建立“京津翼地区城乡中小学图书流动机制”的建议通过对京津冀地区中小学生图书占有情况的调研，本研究小组发现三地的人图书占有数量和种类存在差距。

2018年高考理科数学北京卷-答案

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）数学答案解析一、选择题1．【答案】A 【解析】{}|22A x x =-<<，{}2,0,1,2-，则{}0,1A B ⋂=．【考点】集合的交集运算．2．【答案】D【解析】()()()211111111122i i i i i i i π++===+--+-，所以其共轭复数为1122i -，在复平面内对应点为1122⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，，位于第四象限．【考点】复数的四则运算与共轭复数的概念．3．【答案】B 【解析】1k =，1s =，()11111112s =+-⨯=+，2k =，不满足3k ≥，继续循环()211512126s =+-⨯=+，3k =，满足3k ≥，循环结束，输出56s =．【考点】算法的循环结构．4．【答案】D【解析】根据题意可以知单音的频率形成一个等比的数列，其首项为f率为7f =．【考点】数学文化与等比数列．5．【答案】C【解析】根据三视图可以还原该几何体为正方体中的一个四棱锥1D APCD -，其中P 为AB 的中点，所以四棱锥1D APCD -中的侧面为直角三角形的有1D CD V ，1D AD V ，1D AP V ，共三个．【考点】三视图．6．【答案】C 【解析】2222223369962320a b a b a a b b a a b b a a b b -=+⇔-⋅+=+⋅+⇔+⋅-=，因为a ，b 均为单位向量，所以221a b ==，所以2223200a a b b a b a b +⋅-=⇔⋅=⇔⊥，所以“33a b a b -=+”是“a b ⊥”的充分必要条件．【考点】充分必要条件的判断与平面向量的数量积运算．7．【答案】C【解析】根据点()cos ,sin P θθ可知，P 为坐标原点为圆心，半径为1的单位圆上的点，所以d 的最大值为圆心()0,0到直线的距离再加上一个半径1，所以13d =≤．【考点】直线与圆的位置关系及圆的参数方程．8．【答案】D【解析】当2a =时，(){},|1,24,22A x y x y x y x y =-≥+>-≤，将()2,1代入满足不等式组，所以排除B ；当12a =时，()11,|1,4,222A x y x y x y x y ⎧⎫=-≥+>-≤⎨⎬⎩⎭，将()2,1代入满足不等式142x y +>，所以排除A ，C ．【考点】不等式组表示的平面区域．二、填空题9．【答案】63n a n =-【解析】251636a a a a +=+=，因为13a =，所以633a =，所以615306d a a d =-=⇒=，所以()()1136163n a a n d n n =+-=+-=-．【考点】等差数列．10．【答案】【解析】直线方程为0x y a +-=，圆的方程为()22222011x y x x y +-=⇔-+=，根据直线与圆相切有111a a =⇔-==+0a >）．【考点】直线与圆的位置关系以及极坐标方程与普通方程的互化．11．【答案】23【解析】根据题意有当4x π=时，函数取得最大值1，所以cos 124646k ππππωωπ⎛⎫-=⇒-= ⎪⎝⎭，283k Z k ω∈⇒=+，k Z ∈，因为0ω>，所以ω的最小值为23．【考点】三角函数图象与性质．12．【答案】3【解析】不等式组1,2y x y x≥+⎧⎨≤⎩表示的区域为如图所示的阴影部分，设2z y x =-，则122z y x =+，所以2z 的几何意义为直线的众截距，1,1,22,y x x y x y ≥+=⎧⎧⇒⎨⎨≤=⎩⎩所以当直线过点()1,2A 时，取得最小值，所以min 2213z =⨯-=．【考点】线性规划问题．13．【答案】()sin f x x =（答案不唯一）【解析】本题为一个开放性题目，可以构造出许多函数，只需要()()0f x f >都成立即可，最常见的可以用分段函数，即一部分先为增函数，后一部分为减函数，确保()()0f x f >即可，如()sin f x x =．【考点】函数单调性的判断与应用．14．1 2【解析】如图所示，双曲线的渐近线与椭圆的交点分别为A ，B ，C ，D ，则根据题意有22AB CD BF OF c ====，1BF =，所在椭圆中，有)1212BF BF c a +==，所以椭圆的离心率11c e a ==．根据双曲线渐近线n y x m =±，即有tan60n m =︒=所以223n m =，所以双曲线的离心率222222214m n n e m m +==+=，故22e =．【考点】直线与椭圆、双曲线的位置关系．15．【答案】（1）在ABC V 中，因为1cos 7B =-，所以sin B =．由正弦定理得sin sin a B A b =2B ππ<∠<，所以02A π<∠<．所以=3A π∠．（2）在ABC V 中，因为()sin sin sin cos cos sin C A B A B A B =+=+=，所以AC 边上的高sin 7h a C ==．【考点】解三角形问题．16．【答案】在三棱柱111-ABC A B C 中，因为1CC ⊥平面ABC ，所以四边形11A ACC 为矩形．又E ，F 分别为AC ，11A C 的中点，所以AC EF ⊥．因为AB BC =，所以AC BE ⊥．所以AC ⊥平面BEF ．（2）由（1）知AC EF ⊥，AC BE ⊥，1EF CC P ．又1CC ⊥平面ABC ，所以EF ⊥平面ABC ．因为BE ⊂平面ABC ，所以EF BE ⊥．如图建立空间直角坐标系-E xyz ．由题意得点()0,2,0B ，()1,0,0C -，()1,0,1D ，()0,0,2F ，()0,2,1G ．所以()()1,2,0,1,2,1BC BD =--=-u u u r u u u r ．设平面BCD 的法向量为()000,,n x y z =，则0,0,n BC n BD ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩u u u r u u u r 即0000020,20.x y x y z +=⎧⎨-+=⎩ 令01y =-，则002, 4.x z ==-于是()2,1,4n =--．又因为平面1CC D 的法向量()0,2,0EB =u u u r ，所以cos ,n EB n EB n EB⋅==u u u r u u u r u u u r 由题知二面角1B CD C --为钝角，所以其余弦值为21（3）由（2）知平面BCD 的法向量为()2,1,4n =--，()0,2,1FG =-u u u r ．因为()()()20124120n FG ⋅=⨯+-⨯+-⨯-=≠u u u r ，所以直线FG 与平面BCD 相交．【考点】空间线面位置关系的判断与证明．17．【答案】（1）由题意知，样本中电影的总部数是140+50+300+200+800+510=2000，第四类电影中获得好评的电影部数是2000.25=50⨯．故所求概率为50=0.0252000．（2）设事件A 为“从第四类电影中随机选出的电影获得好评”，事件B为“从第五类电影中随机选出的电影获得好评” ．故所求概率为()()()()()()()()()11P AB AB P AB P AB P A P B P A P B +=+=-+-．由题意知()P A 估计为0.25，()P B 估计为0.2．故所求概率估计为0.250.8+0.750.2=0.35⨯⨯．（3）由题意知k ξ服从0—1分布，()()11,2,,6k k k D P P k ξ=-=L ，其中k P 为第k 类电影得到人们喜欢的概率也就是好评率，由计算得，142536D D D D D D ξξξξξξ>>=>>．【考点】相互独立事件概率的求解以及方差的求解．18．【答案】（1）因为()()24143x f x ax a x a e ⎡⎤=-+++⎣⎦，所以()()2212x f x ax a x e '⎡⎤=-++⎣⎦．()()11f a e '=-．由题设知()1=0f '，即()1=0a e -，解得1a =．此时()130f e =≠．所以a 的值为1．（2）由（1）得()()()()2212=12x x f x ax a x e ax x e '⎡⎤=-++--⎣⎦．若12a >，则当1,2x a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时，()0f x '<；当()2,x ∈+∞时，()0f x '>．所以()f x 在2x =处取得极小值．若12a ≤，则当()0,2x ∈时，120,1102x ax x -<-≤-<，所以()0f x '>．所以2不是()f x 的极小值点．综上可知，a 的取值范围是1+2⎛⎫∞ ⎪⎝⎭，．【考点】导数在研究函数问题中的应用．19．【答案】（1）因为抛物线22y px =过点()1,2，所以24p =，即2p =．故抛物线C 的方程为24y x =．由题意知，直线l 的斜率存在且不为0．设直线l 的方程为()10y kx k =+≠．由24,1y x y kx ⎧=⎨=+⎩得()222410k x k x +-+=．依题意()22=24410k k ∆--⨯⨯>，解得0k <或01k <<．又PA ，PB 与y 轴相交，故直线l 不过点()1,2-．从而3k ≠-．所以直线l 斜率的取值范围是()()(),33,00,1-∞-⋃-⋃．（2）设点()()1122,,,A x y B x y ．由（1）知121222241,k x x x x k k -+=-=．直线PA 的方程为()112211y y x x --=--．令0x =，得点M 的纵坐标为1111212211M y kx y x x -+-+=+=+--．同理得点N 的纵坐标为22121N kx y x -+=+-．由QM QO λ=u u u u r u u u r ，QN QO μ=u u u r u u u r 得1,1M N y y λμ=-=-．所以()()()2212121212122224211111111+=21111111M N k x x x x x x k k y y k x k x k x x k k λμ-+-+--+=+=⋅=⋅=------．所以11+λμ为定值．【考点】直线与抛物线的位置关系．20．【答案】（1）因为()=1,1,0α，()=0,1,1β，所以()()()()1,11111111000022M αα⎡⎤=+--++--++--=⎣⎦， ()()()()1,10101111010112M αβ⎡⎤=+--++--++--=⎣⎦．（2）设()1234=,,,x x x x B α∈，则()1234,M x x x x αα=+++．由题意知{}1234,,,0,1x x x x ∈，且(),M αα为奇数，所以1234,,,x x x x 中1的个数为1或3．所以()()()()()()()(){}1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0B ⊆．将上述集合中的元素分成如下四组：()()1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0；()()0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1；()()0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1；()()0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1．经验证，对于每组中两个元素,αβ，均有(),=1M αβ．所以每组中的两个元素不可能同时是集合B 的元素．所以集合B 中元素的个数不超过为4．又集合()()()(){}1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1满足条件，所以集合B 中元素个数的最大值为4．（3）设()(){}()1212121,,,|,,,,1,01,2,,k n n k k S x x x x x x A x x x x k n -=∈======L L L L ， (){}11212,,,|0n n nS x x x x x x +=====L L ，则121n A S S S +=⋃⋃⋃L ．对于()1,2,,1k S k n =-L 中的不同元素α，β，经验证，(),1M αβ≥．所以()1,2,,1k S k n =-L 中的两个元素不可能同时是集合B 的元素．所以B 中元素的个数不超过1n +．取()12,,,k n k e x x x S =∈L 且()101,2,,1k n x x k n +====-L L ．令{}1211,,,n n n B e e e S S -+=⋃⋃L ，则集合B 的元素个数为1n +，且满足条件．故B 是一个满足条件且元素个数最多的集合．【考点】新定义问题与集合中元素与集合、集合与集合的关系问题．。

2018年高考北京卷化学试题(含答案解析)

绝密★启封(qǐ fēnɡ)并使用完毕前2018年普通高等学校(gāoděngxuéxiào)招生全国统一考试理科综合能力(nénglì)测试化学(huàxué)（北京(běi jīnɡ)卷）本试卷共16页，共300分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16第一部分（选择题）1. 下列我国科技成果所涉及物质的应用中，发生的不是．．化学变化的是（）2. 我国科研人员提出了由CO2和CH4转化为高附加值产品CH3COOH的催化反应历程。

该历程示意图如下。

下列说法不正确．．．的是（）A. 生成CH3COOH总反应的原子利用率为100%B. CH4→CH3COOH过程中，有C―H键发生断裂C. ①→②放出能量并形成了C―C键D. 该催化剂可有效提高反应物的平衡转化率3. 下列化学用语对事实的表述不正确．．．的是（）A. 硬脂酸与乙醇的酯化反应：C17H35COOH+C2H518OH C17H35COOC2H5+H218OB. 常温时，0.1 mol·L-1氨水的pH=11.1：NH3·H2O+OH−C. 由Na和C1形成离子键的过程：D. 电解精炼铜的阴极(yīnjí)反应：Cu2+ +2e −Cu4. 下列实验中的颜色(yánsè)变化，与氧化还原反应(fǎnyìng)无关的是（）A B C D实验NaOH溶液滴入FeSO4溶液中石蕊溶液滴入氯水中Na2S溶液滴入AgCl浊液中热铜丝插入稀硝酸中现象产生白色沉淀，随后变为红褐色溶液变红，随后迅速褪色沉淀由白色逐渐变为黑色产生无色气体，随后变为红棕色5. 一种芳纶纤维的拉伸(lā shēn)强度比钢丝还高，广泛用作防护材料。

2018北京卷语文高考真题

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（北京卷）本试卷共10页，150分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、本大题共7小题，共23分。

阅读下面的材料，完成1—7题。

材料一当年，科学技术的巨大进步推动了人工智能的迅猛发展，人工智能成了全球产业界、学术界的高频词。

有研究者将人工智能定义为：对一种通过计算机实现人脑思维结果，能从环境中获取感知并执行行动的智能体的描述和构建。

人工智能并不是新鲜事物。

20世纪中叶，“机器思维”就已出现在这个世界上。

1936年，英国数学家阿兰·麦席森·图灵从模拟人类思考和证明的过程入手，提出利用机器执行逻辑代码来模拟人类的各种计算和逻辑思维过程的设想。

1950年，他发表了《计算机器与智能》一文，提出了判断机器是否具有智能的标准，即“图灵测试”。

“图灵测试”是指一台机器如果能在5分钟内回答由人类测试者提出的一系列问题，且超过30%的回答让测试者误认为是人类所答，那么就可以认为这台机器具有智能。

20世纪80年代，美国哲学家约翰·希尔勒教授用“中文房间”的思维实验，表达了对“智能”的不同思考。

一个不懂中文只会说英语的人被关在一个封闭的房间里，他只有铅笔、纸张和一大本指导手册，不时会有画着陌生符号的纸张被递进来。

被测试者只能通过阅读指导手册找寻对应指令来分析这些符号。

之后，他向屋外的人交出一份同样写满符号的答卷。

被测试者全程都不知道，其实这些纸上用来记录问题和答案的符号是中文。

他完全不懂中文，但他的回答是完全正确的。

上述过程中，被测试者代表计算机，他所经历的也正是计算机的工作内容，即遵循规则，操控符号。

“中文房间”实验说明看起来完全智能的计算机程序其实根本不理解自身处理的各种信息。

希尔勒认为，如果机器有“智能”，就意味着它具有理解能力。

既然机器没有理解能力，那么所谓的“让机器拥有人类智能”的说法就是无稽之谈．．．．了。

2018年北京高考试卷

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（北京卷）一、本大题共7小题，共23分。

阅读下面的材料，完成1-7题。

材料一当前，科学技术的巨大进步推动了人工智能的迅猛发展，人工智能成了全球产业界、学术界的高频词。

有研究者将人工智能定义为：对一种通过计算机实现人脑思维结果，能从环境中获取感知并执行行动的智能体的描述和构建。

人工智能并不是新鲜事物。

20世纪中叶，“机器思维”就已出现在这个世界上。

1936年，英国数学家阿兰·麦席森·图灵从模拟人类思考和证明的过程入手，提出利用机器执行逻辑代码来模拟人类的各种计算和逻辑思维过程的设想。

1950年，他发表了《计算机器与智能》一文，提出了判断机器是否具有智能的标准，即“图灵测试”。

20世纪80年代，美国哲学家约翰.希尔勒教授用“中文房间”的思维实验，表达了对“智能”的不同思考。

一个不懂中文只会说英语的人被关在一个封闭的房间里，他只有铅笔、纸张和一大本指导手册，不时会有画着陌生符号的纸张被递进来。

被测试者只能通过阅读指导手册找寻对应指令来分析这些符号。

之后，他向屋外的人交出一份同样写满符号的答卷。

被测试者全程都不知道，其实这些纸上用来记录问题和答案的符号是中文。

他完全不懂中文，但他的回答是完全正确的。

上述过程中，被测试者代表计算机，他所经历的也正是计算机的工作内容，即遵循规则，操控符号。

“中文房间”实验说明，看起来完全智能的计算机程序其实根本不理解自身处理的各种信息。

希尔勒认为，如果机器有“智能”，就意味着它具有理解能力。

既然机器没有理解能力，那么所谓的“让机器拥有人类智能”的说法就是无稽之谈．．．．了。

在人工智能研究领域中，不同学派的科学家对“何为智能”的理解不尽相同。

符号主义学派认为“智能”的实质就是具体问题的求解能力，他们会为所设想的智能机器规划好不同的问题求解路径，运营形式推理和数理逻辑的方法，让计算机模仿人类思维进行决策和推理。

2018年北京高考英语试卷及答案

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：I t’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. W hat’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。

1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her wellpaid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC.asD. that6. During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China’s highspeed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s informat ion age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a pany.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. —Good morning, Mr. L ee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2018北京高考数学卷

2018北京高考数学卷数学（理）（北京卷）本试卷共5页，150分。

考试时长120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（选择题共40分）一、选择题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项。

1.已知集合A ={}2x x <,B ={−2,0,1,2},则A B = ()A.{0,1} B.{−1,0,1}C.{−2,0,1,2}D.{−1,0,1,2}2.在复平面内，复数11i-的共轭复数对应的点位于A.第一象限 B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限3.执行如图所示的程序框图，输出的s 值为A.12B.56C.76D.7124.“十二平均律”是通用的音律体系，明代朱载堉最早用数学方法计算出半音比例，为这个理论的发展做出了重要贡献.十二平均律将一个纯八度音程分成十二份，依次得到十三个单音，从第二个单音起，每一个单音的频率与它的前一个单音的频率的比都等于.若第一个单音的频率为f ，则第八个单音的频率为A.fB.C.D.5.某四棱锥的三视图如图所示，在此四棱锥的侧面中，直角三角形的个数为A.1B.2C.3D.46.设a ，b 均为单位向量，则“33a b a b -=+ ”是“a b ⊥”的（）A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件7.在平面直角坐标系中，记d 为点()cos ,sin P θθ到直线20x my --=的距离，当θ、m 变化时，d 的最大值为A .1B.2C.3D.48.设集合{(,)|1,4,2},A x y x y ax y x ay =-≥+>-≤则A.对任意实数a ，(2,1)A ∈B.对任意实数a ，（2,1）A ∉C.当且仅当a <0时,（2,1）A ∉D.当且仅当32a ≤时,（2,1）A ∉第二部分（非选择题共110分）二、填空题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分。

2018年高考真题语文(北京卷)含答案【高清无水印纯Word版】

绝密★本科目考试启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文(北京卷)本试卷共10页,150分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

本大题共7小题,共23阅读下面的材料,完成1-7题。

材料一当前,科学技术的巨大进步推动了人工都能的迅猛发展,人工智能成了全球产业界、学术界的高频词。

有研究者将人工智能定义为:对一种通过计算机实现人脑思维结果,能从环塊中取感知并执行行动的智能体的描述和构建。

人工智能并不是新鲜事物。

20世纪中叶,“机器思维”就已出现在这个世界上。

1936年, 英国数学家阿兰·麦席森·图灵从模拟人类思考和证明的过程入手,提出利用机器执行逻辑代码来模拟人类的各种计算和逻辑思维过程的设想。

1950年,他发表了《计算机器与智能》文,提出了判断机器是否具有智能的标准,即“图灵测试”。

“图灵测试”是指一台机器如果能在5分钟内回答由人类测试者提出的一系列问题那么就可以认为这台机器具有智能。

20世纪80年代,美国哲学家约翰·希尔勒教授用“中文房间”的思维实验,表达了对“智能”的不同思考。

一个不懂中文只会说英语的人被关在一个封闭房间里,他只有铅笔、纸张和一大本指导手册,不时会有画着陌生符号的纸张被递进来。

被测试者只能通过阅读指导手册找寻对应指令来分析这些符号。

之后,他向屋外的人交出一份同样写满符号的答卷。

被测试者全程都不知道,其实这些纸上用来记录问题和答案的符号是中文。

他完全不懂中文,但他的回答是完全正确的。

上述过程中,被测试者代表计算机,他所经历的也正是计算机的工作内容,即遵循规则,操控符号。

“中文房间”实验说明看起来完全智能的计算机程序其实根本不理解自身处理的各种信息。

希尔勒认为,如果机器有“智能”,就意味着它具有理解能力。

既然机器没有理解能力,那么所谓的“让机器拥有人类智能”的说法就是无稽之谈．．．．了。

2018年北京市高考化学试卷(解析版)

2018年北京市高考化学试卷一、选择题（共7小题，每小题6分，共42分．每题只有一个正确选项）1．（6.00分）下列我国科技成果所涉及物质的应用中，发生的不是化学变化的是（）A．甲醇低温所制氢气用于新能源汽车B．氘、氚用作“人造太阳”核聚变燃料C．偏二甲肼用作发射“天宫二号”的火箭燃料D．开采可燃冰，将其作为能源使用A．A B．B C．C D．D2．（6.00分）我国科研人员提出了由CO2和CH4转化为高附加值产品 CH3COOH的催化反应历程。

该历程示意图如下。

下列说法不正确的是（）A．生成CH3COOH总反应的原子利用率为100%B．CH4→CH3COOH过程中，有C﹣H键发生断裂C．①→②放出能量并形成了C﹣C键D．该催化剂可有效提高反应物的平衡转化率3．（6.00分）下列化学用语对事实的表述不正确的是（）A．硬脂酸与乙醇的酯化反应：C17H35COOH+C2H518OH C17H35COOC2H5+H218OB．常温时，0.1mol•L﹣1氨水的pH=11.1：NH3•H2O⇌NH4++OH﹣C．由Na和Cl 形成离子键的过程：→D．电解精炼铜的阴极反应：Cu2++2e﹣═Cu4．（6.00分）下列实验中的颜色变化，与氧化还原反应无关的是（）A B C D 实验NaOH溶液滴入FeSO4溶液中石蕊溶液滴入氯水中Na2S溶液滴入AgC1浊液中热铜丝插入稀硝酸中现象产生白色沉淀，随后变为红褐色溶液变红，随后迅速褪色沉淀由白色逐渐变为黑色产生无色气体，随后变为红棕色A．A B．B C．C D．D5．（6.00分）一种芳纶纤维的拉伸强度比钢丝还高，广泛用作防护材料，其结构片段如下图。

下列关于该高分子的说法正确的是（）A．完全水解产物的单个分子中，苯环上的氢原子具有不同的化学环境B．完全水解产物的单个分子中，含有官能团一COOH或一NH2C．氢键对该高分子的性能没有影响D ．结构简式为：6．（6.00分）测定0.1mol•L﹣1 Na2SO3溶液先升温再降温过程中的pH，数据如下：时刻①②③④温度/℃25 30 40 25 pH 9.66 9.52 9.37 9.25实验过程中，取①④时刻的溶液，加入盐酸酸化的BaCl2溶液做对比实验，④产生白色沉淀多。

2018年高考北京卷语文(含答案)

2018年高考北京卷语文(含答案)绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（北京卷）本试卷共10页，150分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、本大题共8小题，共24分。

阅读下面的材料，完成1—7题。

材料一当年，科学技术的巨大进步推动了人工智能的迅猛发展，人工智能成了全球产业界、学术界的高频词。

有研究者将人工智能定义为：对一种通过计算机实现人脑思维结果，能从环境中获取感知并执行行动的智能体的描述和构建。

人工智能并不是新鲜事物。

20世纪中叶，“机器思维”就已出现在这个世界上。

1936年，英国数学家阿兰•麦席森•图灵从模拟人类思考和证明的过程入手，提出利用机器执行逻辑代码来模拟人类的各种计算和逻辑思维过程的设想。

1950年，他发表了《计算机器与智能》一文，提出了判断机器是否具有智能的标准，即“图灵测试”。

学科.网20世纪80年代，美国哲学家约翰•希尔勒教授用“中文房间”的思维实验，表达了对“智能”的不同思考。

一个不懂中文只会说英语的人被关在一个封闭的房间里，他只有铅笔、纸张和一大本指导手册，不时会有画着陌生符号的纸张被递进来。

被测试者只能通过阅读指导手册找寻对应指令来分析这些符号。

之后，他向屋外的人交出一份同样写满符号的答卷。

被测试者全程都不知道，其实这些纸上用来记录问题和答案的符号是中文。

他完全不懂中文，但他的回答是完全正确的。

上述过程中，被测试者代表计算机，他所经历的也正是计算机的工作内容，即遵循规则，操控符号。

“中文房间”实验说明，看起来完全智能的计算机程序其实根本不理解自身处理的各种信息。

希尔勒认为，如果机器有“智能”，就意味着它具有理解能力。

既然机器没有理解能力，那么所谓的“让机器拥有人类智能”的说法就是无稽之谈了。

2018年北京高考数学(理数)精校版带答案解析

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学（理）北京本试卷共5页，150分。

考试试卷120分钟，考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题5分）1.已知集合{}{}|2,2,0,1,2A x x B =<=-,则A B =（） A. {0,1} B. {-1,0,1} C. {-2,0,1,2} D. {-1,0,1,2}2.在复平面内，复数11i- 的共轭复数对应的点位于（） A. 第一象限 B. 第二象限 C. 第三象限 D. 第四象限3.执行如图所示的程序框图，输出的S 值为（）A. 1 2B. 5 6C. 7 6D.7 124.“十二平均律”是通用的音律体系，明代朱载堉最早用数学方法计算出半音比例，为这个理论的发展做出了重要贡献，十二平均律将一个纯八度音程分成十二份，依次得到十三个单音，从第二个单音起，每一个单音的频率与它前一个单音的频率的比都等于，若第一个单音的频率为f，则第八个单音的频率为（）C.D.5.某四棱锥的三视图如图所示，在此四棱锥的侧面中，直角三角形的个数为（）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 46.设,a b 均为单位向量，则“33a b a b -=+”是“a b ⊥”的（） A. 充分而不必要条件 B. 必要而不充分条件 C. 充分必要条件 D. 既不充分也不必要条件7.在平面直角坐标系中，记d 为点()cos ,sin P θθ 到直线20x my --=的距离，当,m θ变化时，d 的最大值为（） A. 1 B. 2 C. 3D. 4 8.设集合(){},|1,4,2A x y x y ax y x ay =-≥+>-≤，则（）A. 对任意实数a ，()2,1A ∈B. 对任意实数a ，()2,1A ∉C. 当且仅当0a <时，()2,1A ∉D. 当且仅当32a ≤时，()2,1A ∉ 二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分）9．设{}n a 是等差数列，且1253,36a a a =+=，则{}n a 的通项公式为______.10.在极坐标系中，直线()cos sin 0a a ρθρθ+=>与圆2cos ρθ=相切，则a =_____.11.设函数()()cos 06f x wx w π⎛⎫=-> ⎪⎝⎭ ，若()4f x f π⎛⎫≤ ⎪⎝⎭对任意的实数x 都成立，则w 的最小值为______.12.若,x y 满足12x y x +≤≤,则2y x -的最小值是________.13.能说明“若()()0f x f >对任意的(]0,2x ∈都成立，则()f x f 在[]0,2 上是增函数”为假命题的一个函数是______.14.已知椭圆()2222:10x y M a b a b +=>> ,双曲线2222:1x y N m n-=. 若双曲线N 的两条渐近线与椭圆M 的四个交点及椭圆M 的两个焦点恰为一个正六边形的顶点，则椭圆M 的离心率______；双曲线N 的离心率为_______.三、综合题：15.（本小题13分）在△ABC 中，17,8,cos 7a b B ===- （1）求A ∠; （2）求AC 边上的高. 16.（本小题14分）如图，在三菱柱111ABC A B C -中，1CC ⊥平面ABC ,,,,D E F G 分别1111,,,AA AC AC BB的中点，12AB BC AC AA ===。

2018年高考真题北京卷(高清含答案)

2018年高考真题北京卷本试卷共16页，共300分，考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（选择题共140分）本部分共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

2018年4月，川藏铁路成都至雅安段开始铺轨。

读图1，回答第1-3题。

1．与成都相比，拉萨A．日出早白昼长B．正午太阳高度角小C．海拔高，日照强D．大气逆辐射强2．图示区域A．地处板块的生长边界B．河流的流向自西向东C．自然景观为高寒荒漠D．跨地势第一、二级阶梯3．川藏铁路开通后，能够①缓解青藏铁路运输压力②改善西藏物资供应③消除区域内灾害的影响④促进地域文化交流A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④图2为地的地质平面示意图，读图，回答第4题。

4．图中A．甲处的物质主要来源于地壳B．断层发生在花岗岩形成之后C．岩浆侵入可能导致乙处岩石变质D．丙处的溶洞景观由岩浆活动造成读图3，回答第5题。

5．四个大洲中，A．甲地形复杂多样，中低产田多，农业生产技术落后B．乙平原广，高纬地区受寒流影响强，港口封冻期长C．丙纬度跨度大，地形中部高四周低，是水稻主产区D．丁为高原大陆，人口自然增长率低，城市化水平高图4为北半球某日02时海平面气压分布图（单位:百帕），读图，回答第6、7题。

6．据图推断A．北京风速大，风向偏东南B．甲地可能出现强降水天气C．极地气温低，气压值最高D．热带太平洋洋面生成台风7．依据气压分布，该日最接近A．冬至B．小满C．夏至D．立秋随着汽车等工业产品的废弃量增加，主要利用废钢冶炼的电炉炼钢技术日渐普及。

图5示意国外某流域的钢铁厂分布，读图，回答第8题。

8．甲、乙两类钢铁厂在区位选择上均靠近①铁矿②大城市③交通线路④钢铁消费量A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④在乡村振兴计划中某行政村拟修建的村史馆和培训中心分别位于该村西南部和东北部。

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