习题研究生

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研究生英语课后习题

2. It became obvious when the boy floundered through the recitation in class today that he had not taken the trouble to do his homework. A. meditated B. faltered C. contemplated D. staggered
Ⅰ. Comprehension
8. Whether positive or negative, a person’s attitude towards life is a thinking habit _______. A. inherited from either of his parents B. formed when he is very young C. acquired after he has gained considerable experience D. never to be got rid of
1.Those people who "keep their eye upon the doughnut rather than on the hole" _______. A. are considered positive-thinkers by the author B. are likely to see their glass as half empty C. view their successes and failures more objectively D. have suddenly become the object of scientific research on clichés

研究生综合英语下学期习题文档

Unit6P1721The press has been asked to respect the ___of the Royal Family during this very difficult time.A individualismB privacyC isolationD insulation2 The pharmaceutical company attracted a___ amount of funding for research into a cure for cancer.A considerateB conservativeC countlessD considerable3 A conference might help create new marketing ideas or provide a(n)___for discussion of problems.A arenaB playgroundC stadiumD stage4 His book is the cultural___ of the year.A incidentB accidentC eventD affair5 The mountaintop provides a spectacular view of Innsbruck and tis____.A environmentsB surroundingsC circumstancesD vicinities6 Finance during marriage___ is a very big issue particularly with regards to the mortgage and household bills.A separationB divisionC allocationD detachment7 E d′s already____ health deteriorated after he left the hospital.A invalidB faintC fragileD crisp8 A man driven by____ is capable of anything.A respectB embarrassmentC conceitD jealousy9 Glenn started acting____ after his wif e′s funeral.A popularB peculiarC particularD persistent10 If a vitamin is frequently absent from the a(n)___ may develop.A efficiencyB sufficiencyC deficiencyD proficiencyP1741 Corbett could scarcely understand some of the accents and______ himself with gazing around. (content)2 An annual_______ of the World Bank was held in Geneva last week. (convention03 Do you need to be_______ to play basketball well? (tall)4 She felt_____ calm in front of the crowd. (curious)5 The_______ for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was adopted in 1950 to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. (convention)6 Many of the essays are political in_______.(content)7 Broc k′s attorney has yet to_______ the will. (execute)8 A few______ neighbors came out to see what was going on. (curious)9 The state will______ him in 24 hours unless his appeal is granted. (execute)10 First impressions really do________. (count)11 We will be_____ with a respectable result in tomorrow′s match. (content)12 Italian neo-realism breaks with film_______ of the past. (convention)13 A linesman had his flag up so the kick did not______. (count)14 For the next four years they defied______ by living as man and wife when they were not. (convention)15 Finding a replacement is going to be a(n)_____ order. (tall)完型P174：(10个)contradictory worldly sophisticated glamorous crimesubject safest sheer chaotic violenceThe culture of New City is shaped by centuries of immigration, the cit y′s size and variety, and its status as the cultural capital of the United States. Because of its______ size and cultural influence, New York has been the______ of many different, and often______, portrayals in the mass media. From the sophisticated and______ metropolis seen in many Woody Allen films, to the hellish and______ urban jungle depicted in such movies as Martin Scorses e′s Taxi Driver, New York has served as the unwitting backdrop for virtually every conceivable viewpoint on big city life.In the early years of film New York City was characterized as urbane and______. By the cit y′s crisis period in the 1970s, however, filns like Midnight Cowboy, The French Connection, Marathon Man, and Death Wish showed New York as full of chaos and______. With the cit y′s renaissance in the 1980s and 1990s came new portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sex and the City showed life in the city to be______ and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate number of______ dramas, such as Law & Order, continue to make criminality in the city their subject, even as New York has become the______ large city in the United States in the last two decades,完型P180：(15个)More willful movie star feather images disappointed realize prodigyPacific homeland intentions impatient magazines excited / hopeful failedMany years ago my mother bought a beautiful swan in shanghai for much______ than its worth. After losing everything in China, she sailed across the______ Ocean with the swan and her dream for a new life in America. But upon her arrival, the swan was pulled away by the immigration officials and only a swan_____ was left for her . Now my mother was old. For many years she had kept the feather for me which was carried from her______ with all her good_______.My mother once believed that one could______any dream in America. She believed that her daughter, I, could be a(n)______ of certain type. At first, she wanted to train me into a child______ just like Shirley Temple. Then she had me do various tests she had read in different______ about amazing children. However, she was_______ every time by my answer.At the beginning,I was as_______ as my mother, if not more. I imagined myself as many different_______. As the time went by ,the hoping prodigy in me became more expectations. But one sad night in front of the mirror, I suddenly saw a new me-an angry, powerful and______ girl. I made up my mind to be myself for the rest of my life!P182:1 sumApple has spent huge______ in its drive to penetrate new markets.The city problem can be______ up in three words: too many people.I wrote a letter______ the main points we had discussed.2 boas tHank was____ that he could drink a case of beer by himself.Each luxury home______ an indoor pool and three-car garage.After they had drunk a lot of wine, they started to become loud and_____3 worthThe new computer system has already proved its_______We had only three day_______ of food left.Leeds United were_____ winners of the copetition.4 trickyIt would be very_____ to try to stabilize the region without the support of other countries.Pretending he doesn’t remember is an old______ of hisA _____ look crossed his face when Patsy mentioned the money.It was a piece of political_____ that enraged the opposition.5 adoreHe _____ his wife and children.They knelt in_______ of their gods.Have you seen their new baby—she simply_____The elderly actress can still pull in_____ audiences6 reproachYou’re got nothing to_____ yourself for—it was his own decision.She gave her danghter a _______ glance.He listened to his wife’s bitter_____7 blinkLucy _______ at him in astonishment.Lynn laughed, ________ to try to wosh the dust from his eyesHe kept giving quick_______ to try to wosh the dust from his eyes.8 reflectionI could see my _______ in his glassesI was dazzled by the sunlight______ off the wet road.A moment________ will show the stupidity of this argument.TV shows sometimes_______society more liberal views on sex.P2021 There is little point putting a(n) ______ door in a frame that will rot in 10 years.(destroy)2 A woman______ him for a well-known actor, and asked him for his autograph.(take)3 In their lessons at school, boys and girls may learn about such virtues as ______, courage, discipline and love of ones country.(selfish)4.Democracy, no matter______ is sill the best method of government.(perfect)5.Max walked past her, without acknowledging her presence by the slightest_____ in his expression.(alter)6.Whether she is victim or ______ remains unknown.(trait)7.A(n)_____ amount of research was done here by our science department.(consider)8.She may be stupid, but shes not a (n)_______.(lie)9.We are a multi-national corporation with140,000______worldwide.(employ)10.As the story______ ,we learn more about Maxs childhood.(fold)11.The new theory is a(n)_______ of Corbins theory of personality development.(refine)12.Andrew Carnegie was a true______, giving away millions to charity.(philanthropy)13.The _______ was sent to prison for 10years.(crime)14.Lisa is deaf in one ear and ______ blind.(part)15.His modesty is ________.(proverb)P210held scrunched watched reduced importunitiesstuck ordered wretchedness racked vanityordered recall frequented motionless examinedDue to a dock strike, I was ______ in Vera Cruz on my way from Mexico City to Yucatan. To kill time, I sat down in the coolness of the plaza and______ a drink.A red-haired beggar attracted my attention. He was skinny. His ragged clothes barely______ together. He stood at the tables, one after another, silent and immobile, with______ in his eyes. When he came to me, I shook my head.In the eveing , I was again that beggar standing _______ before one table after another. It occurred to me that I had come across him before. But I couldn’t tell when and where.The second day at Vera Cruz wore on. I ______ for the beggar and _____ him very carefully. I _______ my brains,trying to remember when I might have met him, but could______ none of the circumstances.A policeman who tried to protect the public from the _______ of the beggars gave him a whack. And suddenly I remembered everything except his______.Twemty years ago, I was in Rome and often went to a restaurant_______ by some American and British art students and writers. He was only a boy among them then, good-looking but with enormous ______ and with an ambition to be a writer. Being arrogant, he was not popular among us. I could never imagine that he had been______ to this frightful misery. I found him and went up to him.“Do you remember Rome?” I said.He didn’t move, nor spoke a word; it was as if I were not standing before him. I pressed a note in his hand. But he _____ it up and flicked it into the air.P2111.PutThe ship_____ in at Bombay and remains there for a day._____ your name at the top of each answer sheet.It is hard to_____ into words how I feel now.2.rentI pay the ______ at the beginning of every month.Did you know you can_____ a fax machine from the telephone company?3.frequentThe bar was _____ by actors from the nearby theater.As a ______business traveler, I have spent many nights in hotel rooms4.grindHe dropped a cigar butt and _____it into the carpet with his heel.These huge stones were once used for_____ wheat into flour.5.tipA serv i ce charge is included on the bill, so_____ isn’t necessary.Doctor Gordon frlt my neck with the_____ of his fingers.Here s a good_____ :If you spill red wine on your carpet, pour salt on it to prevent staining.6.censureIn particular, they have been______ for failing sufficiently to take into account the needs of local people. Costs will have to be kept down if severe if public_____ is to be avoided.7.gleamA Rolls Rovce was parked outside, ______in the sunshine.A few faint______ of sunshine lit up the gloomy afternoon.8.waneHer interest in the project is on the_____His popularity in the state began to _____ almost immediately after the election.9.dismayThe thought of having to earn her own living ______ her.Arriving late for school, we found to our______ that the headmaster was waiting for us at the gate.10.throwNever trust those who_____ over their friends when they are in danger and difficulty.That was a very long______ -at least 80 yards.11.wearSusanna was ______ a black silk dress.Check the equipment for______ and tear.As the evening______ on, she became more and more nervous.12.protestA small group of demonstrators staged a peaceful______ outside the UN Headquarters.Thousands of people blocked the street,______ against the new legislation.P2291.She was a woman of uninspiring appearance and a dreadful bore_____(to boot)2. Society does not exist in a _____, it is influenced by Government policies, the environment and culture. (vacuum)3 Your efforts will be_____ and you will find that you no longer have to bother about the boring details of everyday life(reward)4The _____ police had offered for any information leading to his arrest is twenty times the average national wage(reward)5We ended the year with a _____ profit of 9.7 million, which represents earings of just 5%(net)6Elderly people were still slowly______ the hotel steps when the parade started(negotiate)7The_____ are that he will commit the same crime again(the odds)8The little company battled its way to success, despite the enormous_____(the odds)9______ accidents have decreased in frequency in recent years(fatal)10The government opened______ with the IMF for another loan(negotiate)P2301. black and white in black and whitePart of the problem is that we only see the issue as_____Once its down________, you cant forget it.I still get a thrill seeing re-tuns of old_____ movies on Saturday afternoon televison.2. on the scene behind the scenes set the sceneThe accident victim died before the ambulance arrived______Foster ______ before the performance so that the audience knows what to expect.Women make their contribution in the word either in high-profile or______3.make a difference make all the difference make any difference make no differenceHe told me he should have been more careful, but that it would_______The lighting will______ to how wel people can the picture.Will exercise_____________to my chances of getting far?A few kind words at the right time__________4work on work out work againstIf you ______ it steadily you should win thrugh in the endCriticizing the security procedures usually _____ making them sffsctive.Why don’t you leave him here till you see how things________5spread out spread through spread toBuddhism _______ China from India.Felix watched his men________ to cover the whole area.A mass movement against forced labor_______ the state.P2391Migrant workers are to be______ near the place where they work(accommodate)2He treated us as______ individuals who had to learn to make up our own minds about important issues.(autonomous)3Parking near the school causes severe traffic_______(congestion)4People and corporations are______ entities under the law(equivalent)5We should go a step further to_______ scientific and technological advances with economic development(integrate)6The choice of research design________ to the substantive results.(make a difference)7The_______area of Boston is a major center for technology manufacturing, publishing, banking,, and finance.(metropolitan)8Words listed in this book______ frequently.(occurrence)9Last night Mr.brown was______ the final details of his 4 billion giveaway.(work on)10A(n)______ employee is one who is employed for an unlimited length of time(permanent)P2401The man signaled for me to______ the children together.(gather)2They started out by looking at the computer screens which_____ the images.(display)3Why bother baking a potato when a packet of_____ is at hand?(crisp)4If you_____ information or evidence, you collect it, especially over a period of time and after a lot of hard work (gather)5The gates are_____ by a computerized system(control)6He was_____ and well groomed but not very clever.(smart)7An audio-visual_____ gives visitors an idea of what life was like aboard a sailing ship.(display)8The autumn sky is clear and the air is_____(crisp)9______ bombs and weapons are guided by computers and lasers so that they hit their targets accurately.(smart)10The work______ arrived to repair the broken fence.(party)P241Management include congestion collection courseprivate system rapidly until applicationIntelligent Transport Systems(ITS) is the name to the______ of computer and communication technologies to transport problems. In a(n) ______ changing society the emphasis on road technology imporovements to assist in road_____ has been identified. The rapid advances in ITS technologies have enabled the_______ of data or intelligence which provides relevant and timely information to road managers and users.Japan seems to have initiated the whole modern day notion of ITS with work carried out in the 1980s. The United States was also addressing the application of ITS at an early stage in the_____ of the Electronic Route Guidance project(ERGS) in the 1970s. The European Union picked up the theme, and referred to it as Road Transport Informatice. In the course of time the name of this technology was subjected to many changes______ the USA gave it the name ITS. Intelligent Transport systems_______ wider application of technology to transit systems as well as ______ cars and highways. Benefits given by ITS to any transportation______ that introduce it are:improved safety, improved traffic efficiency, reduced______ ,improved environmental quality and energy efficiency and improved economic productivity. P2601City officials have slowed the development by stalling building permits for the area.A delayingB installingC threatening Dissuing2Sales of the new drug have been stopped, pending further research.A asking forB looking forC seeking forD waiting for3We had a difficult time during the financial crisis, but eventually things turned out all right.A were acceptableB becameC pulled outD carried on4The young emperpor had at his disposal a very powerful light jinfantry army with experiencedA with his willB under his controlC within his powerD to his surprise5He has been down on his luck lately, his company went bankrupt and his girlfriend broke up with himA waiting for his fortuneB gambling on his fortuneC suffering from bad luckD dragged down by luck6 Predictions of a disastrous slump in industry were proved unfounded by strong demand and continually increasing sales.A declineB ruinC damageD dump7In the first five years of reform, the country s GDP soared by almost 40%A sufferedB increasedC sacrificedD inclined8He skimped for years to pay back the money that he borrowed for his college educationA did withoutB skinnedC laboredD saved9When I was on the dole, I got 505per week from the government and spent 2.5 on rentA drugB dopeC welfareD pension10Mr. Wilson wanted new recipients to be eligible for aid for only one year, but some Democrats wanted two years.A able to get helpB able to offer helpC unmarried in order to get aidD bachelors in order to helpP2611 Thousands of spectators_______ into the stadium to see the game.(cram)2 Tell the students to blow up the______ and then tape the straw to it.(balloon)3Most river tourists travel in big noisy rigs, which______ through all but the biggest rapids without difficulty(crash)4 Jill______ her clothes into the bag(cram)5He lost control of his car at the first bend and ______(crash)6We _____ in as much sightseeing as possible during our stay in New York.(cram)7The company s debt has______in the past year.(balloon)8You can_____ at our place if you cant get a ride home(crash)9We ll have to get our of this situation before the _____ goes up(balloon)10As house sales have______, so has spending in department-store on items like furniture, carpets and electrical appliances(slump)11It is believed that the proceeds from the sale will go into a _____ fund for the children(trust)12The hardest thing is finding a car dealer you can______!(trust)13I was fortunate enough to have very_____ parents(liberal)14The post-war______ sent unemployment figures soaring to twice the expected level.(slump)15That decision did not win her much support from____ and moderates.(liberal)16When he is 25,the trustees will give him full control of his____ fund(trust)P267Aligned interest unfortunately expected variousPushed up flattening use appreciation residentialAo as to demand economics lower appreciationHousing prices have been_______ to unprecedented levels. It is a common idea that a significant part of the_______ for housing is based on an expectation of future________. The more prices go up, the more people want to buy_______ reap the gains from_____ future price appreciation. The pushes prices up even more. Can anything be done?Some municipalities provide_______ types of assistance to new homeowners._______ this increases demand even more. Increasing taxes does not solve the cost of the housing problem either.Basic______ that either a reduction in demand or an increase in the supply of housing will____ housing prices, so a rise in ______ rates should moderate________ and it appears that housing prices are_______ out in some areas. As to increasing supply, land_____ restrictions are tight in many desirable______ areas , and political forces are______ against relaxing these restrictions due to limited land resources and traffic problems.So what id the answer to high prices of home?P2681ownThe yacht was intended for the king s______ useYou wont know the cost of______ a car until you have______ oneHe studied these subjects on his_____2dynamicShe s ______ and determined.Markets are ______ and for ever changing.Group____ is the study of group behavior, especially the interactions that occur among persons in small groups involved with business or social activities3fixEllis was able to quickly find and______ the problemHe s going to ______ a time when I can see himMany of those changes could just be a temporary______4feedSeveral children were _____bread to the ducks.Figures are_____ into the computer, which then predicts the likely profitThe grain just rotted and all they could use it tor was animal_____5appreciationIt helps children to develop an ______ of poetry and literatureI m very______ of all the support you ve given meThere has been little _____in the value of property recently6remainThe refugees were allowed to ______in the UKI rescued the_____ of my slipper from the dogThe three parties will meet next month to work out ______ differences7endIt is hoped that the talks will bring an _____to the violenceIt has three pairs of legs, each_____ in a large claw.Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make____ meet8stockShe owned 3000 worth of_____ and shares.The blue shirts are out of _______The same questions seem to be asked every time, and he gives his_____ answers9billThey sent us a ______ for the work they had doneThe senator introduced a _____ that would increase the minimum wageYou will be______ monthly for the service.10ZoneSan Francisco and Tokyo are both located in earthquake______Look at the way she s playing. She really in the ______ nowThe former dockyard has been______ for tourist useP2871The academy holds a highly privileged place in American society because of a long-standing national consensus about the value of educationA agreementB controversyC confidenceD reputation2She gave a staggeringly good performance in the TV program as a police officer investigating a murderA eventuallyB crediblyC amazinglyD famously3The President expects that the research team will work together to explore the complex issues in an open and collegial manner to find a solution.A concertedB polishedC competitiveD cooperative4A monk who lives in a monastery or temple has a relaxed and peaceful life of contemplation.A complainB thinkingC contemptD discovery5Iron began to supersede bronze for tool making about 3000 years agoA blockB replaceC interveneD relegate6She was stating out over the lake, composing a poem in her mind.A illustrationB creatingC visionD courage7Not all countries appoint a poet laureate but most countries have many poetsA chairmanB nomineeC honoredD member8We cannot predict with any accuracy how current discoveries and scholarship will influence future generationsA prizeB inventionC intelligenceD learning9We also have an obligation to ensure that the scholarly work of the academy is widely disseminated.A spreadB appreciatedC recommendedD recognized10It would take nearly a book in itself to explain the scope, rigor and stress of those testsA vigorB strictnessC traditionD pursuitP2881To solve a problem you have to understand its______ causes(underlie)2Once we ve had the disease, we areusually ____for life(immunize)3I was rather quiet as I didn’t feel I had much wisdom to ____ on the subject(impaart)4A broad and balanced education is a(n)_______ for raising standards(imperative)5The fort was ______ to attack from the north(vulnerability)6Their ideas ______ quickly across Europe.(diffusion)7Economic concerns are_______ in many voters minds(foremost)8 I went to a(n)_________ lecture this morning(scholar)9The report _______ the difficult issues at the heart of scientific policy(illumination)10He is a man of ambition and ________(eloquent)P2951But brace yourself for what you ll findA prepareB hugC patD ready2We are graduating tooo few skilled workers to meet the burgeoning demand for themA vitalizedB surplusC increasingD shrinking3America has compensated for its failure to adequately educate the next generation by importing brainpower A machinery B talent C technology D equipment4The global competition for science and engineering talent is intensifyingA intensiveB deterioratingC tightD strengthening5President Bush s education-reform initiative may be exacerbating the problemA reinforcingB exaggeratingC worseningD reversing6 Enrollments of US students in science and engineering majors have stayed flat.A unchangedB increasingC broadenedD fluctuaing7Reversing this slide will require stronger federal leadership and more money A trend B decline C growth D impact8The upshot: The US now ranks below 13 other countriesA progressB outlineC resultD briefing9Science graduates simply have too many lucrative alternative to teachingA profitableB comfortableC attractiveD plain10It could ultimately squander its leadership of the world economyA consolidateB prohibitC wasteD maintainP2951sweepThey want to make _______ changes to education policiesBert______ the path in front of the house2addressThe new President delivered his inaugural _______ in CreoleOur products_______ the needs of serious users3stunRedfern _______ the crowd with a last-minute goalYou look absolutely_______ in that dress4ironicYour car was stolen at the police station! How ________________ his cold got better on the last day of his holiday5contendThree armed groups are________ for powerShe is a strong _______for the Teacher of the Year6depressThe whole experience was very_______The thought of taking the exam again_______ him7figureGovernment______ underestimate the problemFrom the way he behaved, I _______ that he was drunk8rankDuring the war Harold had risen to the _____ of majorThe tasks have been _______in order of difficulty9qualifyFree school lunches are given to children who ______If you don’t speak German, you are not_____ to comment10majorThere are two _____political parties in the USHe is_______ in Political Science。

计算机网络研究生课程习题含答案

d. Find the probability that there are 11 or more users transmitting simultaneously.
૚૙
૚െ෍ቀ
࢔ୀ૙
૝૙ ࢔ ሺ૚ െ ࢖ሻ૝ wants to send a large file to Host B. The path from Host A to Host B has
2.
List at least t four differe ent applicat ions (including hint) tha at are natur rally suitable e for P2P architecture es. (Hint: File e distribution n and instant messaging are two.)
9월 13일 수업 시간 전에 제출 바랍니다.
Homework #1(답안)
1.
How long does it take to send a file of 640,000 bits from host A to host B over circuitswitched networks when all links are 1.536 Mbps, each link uses TDM with 24 slots/sec, and 500msec to establish end-to-end circuit. Bandwidth: 1.536 Mbps / 24 = 64Kbits Transmission time: 640,000bits / 64Kbits = 10 sec Overall time = circuit establishment time + transmission time = 10.5 sec

研究生英语课后习题

一、选择五单元：1.if you are to be accepeted as a member of the club you must [abide]by its rules.(如果你要被接纳为这个俱乐部的会员，你必须[遵守]它的规则。

)A.agreeB.abideC.confirmD.conform2.[Even if] you dislike ancient monuments.Warrick Castle is worth a visit.(.即使你不喜欢古迹。

但沃里克城堡值得一看)A. SinceB.EvenC.IfD.Even if3.The cities were to be [deflated] and the population distributed in villages.(城市将被[缩小]，人口将分布在农村。

)A.deflatedB.reducedC.decayed （腐败的）D.defined(下定义)4.He gave a [distorted] account of what has happened(他对所发生的事作了[歪曲的]叙述)A.discomfortedB.distortedC.dismissed(解雇)D.discovered(发现)5.His speech[fermented]trouble among the workers(他的讲话在工人中引起了骚动)A.firmed（目标确认）B.ferried（被运送的）C.fermented(发酵)D.festered（溃烂）6.The criminal was told he would be [immune] from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.(那个罪犯被告知，如果他说出他所知道的谋杀的事，他就不会受到惩罚)A.impossibleB.immune (免于)C.improbableD.imminent（迫近的）7.If you[strain]the elastic band any more.it will break.(如果你再拉橡皮筋的话。

研究生-基础综合英语-课后习题及答案

研究生-基础综合英语-课后习题及答案Unit 1 Education1. 问答题1) The F word discussed in the essay is flunking.2) Sherry’s attitude toward the F word is positive.3) What reasons does the author give for believing that the threat of flunking students is a positive teaching tool?Flunking is a healthy threat to students and can ensure the education quality. By contrast, Many students are angry and resentful for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up.4) What choice does the author want to give to students? Why is she particularly interested in the subject?The choice for students is whether to succeed through hard work or to fail without the threat of being flunked. The author is particularly interested in this subject because she herself teaches an adult-literacy class and her own son improved greatly after being threatened with flunking by a strict teacher5) In what sense does the author think that the educational system cheats the students and employers?The present educational system is not strict enough with students so that they can easily graduate with diplomas. However, many of them find that they are incompetent for their jobs because of their semi-illiteracy6) Why have students at night school decided to make education a priority? Because they are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they’ve got7) What is the point of this essay? What does it have to do with the subject of learning?The essay aims at urging students to take a positive attitude towards flunking because working hard at school will eventually help students to be qualified for their future jobs.2. 词汇题1) This research seems to lend some validity（有力的）to the theory that the durg might cause cancer.2) In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional impediment（障碍）to progress.3) Anthea was about to play her trump card（王牌卡）: without her signature none of the money could be released.4) I flunked（挂科）my second year exams and was lucky not to be thrown out of college5) I didn’t want to lose my composure（镇静）in front of her.16) The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority（优先）.7) For three hours a committee of state senators listened toa parade（一系列）of local residents giving their opinions8) Thousands of lives will be at stake（在危机关头）if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.9) Brierley’s book has the merit（优点）of being both informative and readable10) I think there was a conspiracy（阴谋）to keep me out of the committee3. 改写题1) These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.resemblance(n.)These diplomas bear a close resemblance to those awardedtheir luckier classmates. 2) I blamed the poor academic skills our kids have today on drugs.accusation (n.)My accusation against our kids for their poor academic skills was that they took drugs.3) Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops.enroll (v.)Eventually a fortunate few enroll into educational-repair shops.4) However, if style alone won’t do it, there is another way to show.work (v.)However, if this style won’t work, there is another way to show.5)We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can’t learn if they come from terrible environments.excuse (n.)Our excuse for this dishonest behavior is that kids can’t learn if they come from terrible environments.6) Tens of thousands of 18-years-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas.grant (v.)Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be granted meaningless diplomas.4. 翻译题1) Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop hisintellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。

南航研究生激光原理与技术习题

南航研究生激光原理与技术习题1.1为使氦氖激光器的相干长度达到1km，它的单色性???应是多少？1.2（1）一质地均匀的材料对光的吸收为0.01mm－1，光通过10cm 长的该材料后，出射光强为入射光强的百分之几？（2）一光束通过长度为1m的均匀激活的工作物质，如果出射光强是入射光强的两倍，试求该物质的增益系数。

1.3如果微波激射器和激光器分别在?＝10?m，＝5×10－1?m输出1W 连续功率，试问每秒钟从激光上能级向下能级跃迁的粒子数是多少？1.4设一光子的波长＝5×10－1?m，单色性－4????x。

若光子的波长变为5×10?m（x射线）和5×10－18?m（?射线），则相应的?x又是多少？1.5设一对激光能级为E2和E1（g1=g2），两能级间的跃迁频率为?（相应的波长为λ），能级上的粒子数密度分别为n2和n1，试求（1）当ν＝3000MHz、T=300K时，n2/n1=？（2）当λ＝1?m、T=300K时，n2/n1=？（3）当λ＝1?m、n2/n1=0.1时，T＝？A21?1J?S/m3，这是什B21＝10－7，试求光子位置的不确定量1.6假定工作物质的折射率η＝1.73，试问ν为多大时，么光波范围？1.7如果工作物质的某一跃迁波长为100nm的远紫外光，自发跃迁几率A10等于105S－1，试问：（1）该跃迁的受激辐射爱因斯坦系数B10是多少？（2）为使受激跃迁几率比自发跃迁几率大三倍，腔内的单色能量密度ρ应为多少？1.8如果受激辐射爱因斯坦系数B10＝1019m3s－3w－1，试计算在（1）λ＝6?m（红外光）；（2）λ＝600nm（可见光）；（3）λ＝60nm（远紫外光）；（4）λ＝0.60nm（x射线），自发辐射跃迁几率A10和自发辐射寿命。

又如果光强I＝10W/mm2，试求受激跃迁几率W10。

2.1证明，如习题图2.1所示，当光线从折射率η1的介质，向折射率为η2的介质折射时，在曲率半径为R的球面分界面上，折射光线所经受的变换矩阵为其中，当球面相对于入射光线凹（凸）面时，R取正（负）值。

研究生英语提高3习题及答案

研究生英语阅读教程课后答案Lesson 21. The story about the Brothers Grimm may evoke warm memories of story time in the comforting arms of a parent.A. recallB. createC. releaseD. collect2. One of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turning adversity to your advantage.A. unfamiliarityB. explorationC. pleasureD. difficulties3. The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip open nests and beehives, or catch prey.A. clearB. tearC. throwD. dig4. The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that have breached their computer systems.A. interceptingB. fightingC. analyzingD. discussing5. He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturb anyone.A. unlessB. whenC. so thatD. in case6. As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed, there was talk of apocalypse.A. emergencyB. uncertaintyC. disasterD. reduction7. The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often she would bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A. unexpectedB. uniqueC. impressiveD. terrible8. Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous a country where around half the population lives below the poverty line.A. inappropriateB. creativeC. unnecessaryD. enjoyable9. Many believed optimistically the news would soothe markets, but it seems to have had the opposite effect.A. pushB. misleadC.calmD. discourage10. A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurance in the face of adversity without getting upset.A. confidentB. uncomplainingC. unconventionalD. reliable Lesson 4①1. During the lecture all the audience listened to China's first astronaut with rapt admiration.A. obscureB. obviousC. obligedD. obsessed2. Most of her colleagues didn't like her because she was adept at the fine art of irritating people.A. ambitiousB. annoyingC. skillfulD. scornful3. In the schools today we need, more than ever, the training of deft hands, quick eyes and ears, and above all the broader, deeper, higher culture of gifted minds and pure hearts.A. skillfulB. cleverC. delicateD. elegant4. At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to his father.A. supervisionB. cateringC. raisingD. fostering5. Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called the worst blizzard in nearly a century.A. catastropheB. disasterC. snowstormD. landslide6. After all, the candidate was endorsed governor's board and many of the local party members.A. ignoredB. rejectedC. sponsoredD. supported7. His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but it was nondescript．A. unclearB. distinctiveC. impliedD. ambiguous8. She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught at school and basked in her teacher's praise.A. pridedB. enjoyedC. criticizedD. narrated9. It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe the excuse that he held forth for the delayed delivery.A. liedB. toldC. emphasizedD. compiled10. When Frank heard that the war had started, it didn't sink in for a long time until his father was drafted into the army.A. be understoodB. be acceptedC. be takenD. be illustrated②1. Plants will lose their when they are heavily trimmed.A. voyageB. vitalityC. vogueD. virgin2. It was generally conceded that the net result of the incident was calculated to make Eisenhower mad enough to force him to re-electionA. run forB. compete inC. apply toD. line up with3. Mick entered the V ocational High School, and in order to get to know her new classmates, she ______ a partyA. castB. launchedC. flungD. threw4. Alice Moore refused to learn what they required. She couldn't see the necessity of ______ for those that would only appear in the examinations.A. clappingB. crammingC. clashingD. creeping5. The listeners were _______ by his magic eloquence and ready to stand by him in his boldest flights.A. agonizedB. thrilledC. disturbedD. interfered6. We remained until our ship was repaired, and after that, we set sail for England, our ________ port being London.A. doomedB. denotedC. despairedD. destined7. Seeds of various types-wheat grains, beans, and nuts-form the bulk of human food. But not all seeds are ______ to either humans or insects; many contain toxins.A. palatableB. primitiveC. peculiarD. permanent8. Continuing violence could ________ the progress towards reform.A. hold on B .hold up C.hold down D.hold off9. A bill passed _______ by both houses in August requires states to set up systems for withholding child support payments from the wages and state tax refunds of those persons.A.anonymously B .autonomously C.unanimously D.enormously10. After about an hour all the participants ________ with the regulations and each other.A.warmed up B .made up C.mixed up D.wound upLesson 61. Another common use of the tag question is in small talk when the speaker is trying to _____ conversation: "Sure is hot here, isn't it?"A.illicitB.elicitC.solicitD. explicit2. Napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription service yet again, after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms. So here is Napster's ________: Still not ready.A.refrainB.renownC.restraintD.retention3. The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of the drug by the Food &Drug Administration is a long and ______ process.A. hilariousB. notoriousC. industriousD. laborious4.When I was a child, I always refused to write thank-you notes for birthday presents from a faraway relative. My mother would _ me and say, "Paul, you must learn to be polite."A.glideB.slideC.abideD.chide5. A(n) ________ memory may be a good thing, but the ability to forget is the true token of greatness.A. attentiveB. inattentiveC. retentiveD. irretentive6. There's still a great deal of ______ on the weapons of mass destruction, which despitewhat President Bush and Prime Minister Blair say, have not yet been found.A. evidenceB. skepticismC. knowledgeD. consensus7. Even though exercise has many positive benefits, too much can be harmful. Teens who exerciseare at risk for both physical and psychological problems. A. comparatively B. competitively C. compulsively D. comprehensively8. Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate. But others were _______, driving the young women crazy by complaining to them all the time.A. querulousB. fabulousC. pretentiousD. conscientious9. There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizens of many different nationalities_______and exchanging greetings in an international airport.A. singlingB. dinglingC. jinglingD. mingling10. When Dallas police notified the hospital that President Kennedy had been shot, at first, the young neurosurgeon thought it was a _______.A. blankB. flankC. prankD. frank Lesson 71. Upon hearing these critical remarks, he was in a complete state of bewilderment and did not know what to do next.A. astonishmentB. frustrationC. depressionD. perplexity2. For many women, the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in a rape case can be too much to bear.A. promisingB. embarrassingC. hauntingD. upsetting3. The company's disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign of worse thing to come.A. disgracefulB. disgustingC. scandalousD. threatening4. He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions that will never come, instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A. promisingB. unrealisticC. unbelievableD. unprecedented5. We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident because it was so well timed.A.elicitedB.despisedC.removedD.elevated6. Things would never change if people weren't prepared to experiment with new teaching methods.A. endeavorB. campaignC. swerveD. try7. The national interest is more important than the sectional and personal interests of individual politicians.A. segregatedB. factionalC. inviolableD. dismantled8. Despite differences in background and outlook, their partnership was based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.A. unilateralB. reciprocalC. obligatoryD. optional9. Desirous of knowing something about the operations, I stood and watched the spectacle with great interest.A. Desperate forB. Desirable ofC. Detached fromD. Deprived of10. He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor that has endeared him to the American press.A. elegantlyB. persuasivelyC. arrogantlyD. expressivelyLesson 91. When she manners arose to speak in their assemblies, her commanding figure and dignified manners ______ every trifler into silence.A. rushedB. hushedC. cashedD. pushed2. In many of his paintings of towns, harbors, and rivers, Marquet showed a particular gift for simplification that seized ________ upon the essentials in the scene before him.A. unexpectedlyB. unavoidablyC. unerringlyD. unbelievably3. The old gentleman was so much immersed in business, that he was unable to _______ much attention upon me.A. bestowB. bewilderC. bewareD. betray4. The most famous ______ whiteface clown is Felix Adler, who performed in the early andmid-20th century.A. picturesqueB. uniqueC. techniqueD. grotesque5. By the 1st century B.C., Roman power was growing and Greek influence had begun toA. waneB. waverC. weaveD. warp6. To starboard, at Hurghada, behind ______ ranks of coral reefs, lay the important Marine Biological Station of the University of Egypt.A. severeB. serriedC. seducedD. sentimental7. At first, the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive to high interest rates. But ____, the loss of income in these areas had a ripple effect throughout the economy.A. inexorablyB. intensivelyC. inevitablyD. infinitely8. The puppet theater combines three elements: the puppets; the chanters who sing and ______for the puppets; and the players of the three-stringed instrument.A. declineB. reclaimC. declaimD. proclaim9. This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play, over which one sighs to see the curtain fall-all _______, all light, all happiness.A. enchantmentB. engagementC. enlargementD. endurance10. "It was really rural when we moved here," says Stanley. "But these newcomers are _______ the rural atmosphere."A.justifyingB. citifyingC. ratifyingD. simplifyingLesson 111. The supporters of GM foods say that it should be possible to make foods that are less likely to trigger allergies.A. preventB. reduceC. causeD. transfer2. The relationship between men and their cars would terminate in the event of irreparable mechanical breakdown (equivalent to the death of a spouse) .A. endB. declineC. failD. proceed3. The combination of miscommunication, ignored warnings and general hubris is virtually guaranteed disaster.A. misunderstandingB. misconductC. angerD. arrogance4. Despite an occasional glimmer of hope, this campaign has not produced any results.A. proofB. indicationC. releaseD. consequence5. These kids had been further insulated by their wealthy families from reality with the privilege that money could buy.A. protectedB. awokenC. coveredD. isolated6. I found myself constantly pondering the question: "How could anyone do these things?"A. arguingB. answeringC. repeatingD. considering7. Interactive technology augments traditional methods with new and yet-to-be invented collaboration tools ranging from e-mail to Web109S to digital video to peer-to-peer systems.A. communicationB. entertainmentC. cooperationD. improvement8. For people who feel too intimidated or shy to ask questions during class, the Internet creates a "safe environment" to speak their mind. Online, nobody knows who you are.A. frightenedB. frustratedC. depressedD. disappointed9. On this day after September 11, most planes were still grounded; the skies were eerily quiet.A. particularlyB. unusuallyC. mysteriouslyD. pleasantly10. Considered by many archaeologists to be the first human civilization, Sumer has yielded many huge stone carvings. Deciphered, they described "gods" who came from another planet in flying machines.A. InspiredB. InterpretedC. ImprovedD. ImplantedLesson 131. In the Renaissance, fresco painting on walls and ceilings largely gave way to ______ painting in oils, but wall painting returned to popularity in the 20th century.A. eraB. easelC. earnestD. echo2. White marble busts of Shakespeare, Dickens, Hawthorne and Irving _______ through the trailing ivy from the various comers.A. glistenedB. glancedC. glaredD. glided3. As Hank ventured this last remark in a cautious manner, he scraped the _______ of the walk with one foot while he slyly noted the reception of his venture by an upward cast of his eye.A. cliffB. curbC. gravelD. glamour4. They had an air of dignity and independence in their manners, which formed a striking contrast to the _______ and servile appearance of the Slave.A. erectingB. straightC. proudD. crouching5. The sun coming down the heavens was scattering its beams full and fair against the vine clad ________and windows.A. hutB. ceilingC. eavesD. beam6. Drunkenness is temporary suicide; the happiness that it brings is merely negative, a _____ cessation of unhappiness.A. momentousB. momentaryC. momentumD. monetary7. Though he looked thin and weak, he could run _____ fast in the 1,000 meters race.A. darnedB. diligentC. deviousD. dizzy8. He was seated in the rear lobby, _______by cushions in a comfortable rocking-chair.A. took upB. propped upC. brought upD. set up9. The darkness came very early. Then the electric lights ________.A. turned onB. got onC. took onD. came on10. All of us were very surprised to find that they had completed the difficult task in ______haste.A. fatalB. perishedC.deadlyD. passed二、翻译题Lesson21、It is a cliche,as it is to take of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience,we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。

研究生高等代数复习题完整版

（2）求的一组标准正交基，（3）求矩阵，使得 .
32.设的两个子空间为： ,
.求与的基与维数.
33.设是3维线性空间，为它的一个基.线性变换，
求（1）在基下的矩阵；（2）求核和值域 .
34.设是实数域上所有阶对称阵所构成的线性空间，对任意，定义，其中表示的迹.（1）证明：构成一欧氏空间；（2）求使的子空间的维数；（3）求的正交补的维数.
17.设是5维的欧几里得空间的一组标准正交基，，其中，求的一组标准正交基.
18.设是矩阵，其中
（1）求的值；（2）设，求W的维数及W的一组基.
19.设?是线性空间上的线性变换，满足，求?在基下的矩阵.
20.设?是维线性空间上的线性变换，是的一组基.
如果?是单射，则也是一组基.
研究生高等代数复习题
1.设?是数域上线性空间的线性变换且 ,证明:
（1）?的特征值为1或0；（2） ;（3） .
2.已知?是n维欧氏空间的正交变换，证明：?的不变子空间的正交补也是?的不变子空间．
3.已知复系数矩阵，（1）求矩阵的行列式因子、不变因子和初等因子；（2）若当标准形.（15分）
35.试找出全体实2级矩阵所构成的线性空间到的一个线性同构.
36.求由向量生成的子空间与由向量生成的子空间的交的基和维数.
37.设，求(1) 的不变因子、行列式因子、初等因子.(2) 的标准形.
38.设是数域上矩阵关于矩阵加法和数乘作成的线性空间，
定义变换， .（1）证明：是上的对合线性变换，即是满足（恒等变换）的线性变换；（2）求的特征值和特征向量.
58.设是4维空间的一组基，已知线性变换在这组基下的矩阵为

智能控制（研究生）习题集

习题集第一章概论1.试从学科和能力两个方面说明什么是人工智能。

2.哪些思想、思潮、时间和人物在人工智能发展过程中起了重要作用?3.近年来人工智能研究取得哪些重要进展?4.为什么能够用计算机模拟人类智能?5.目前人工智能学界有哪些学派?它们的认知观为何?6.自动控制存在什么机遇与挑战?为什么要提出智能控制?7.简述智能控制的发展过程,并说明人工智能对自动控制的影响。

8.傅京孙对智能控制有哪些贡献?9.什么是智能控制?它具有哪些特点?10.智能控制器的一般结构和各部分的作用为何?它与传统控制器有何异同?11.智能控制学科有哪几种结构理论?这些理论的内容是什么?12.为什么要把信息论引入智能控制学科结构?13.人工智能不同学派的思想在智能控制上有何反映?第二章知识表示方法1.状态空间法、问题归约法、谓词逻辑法和语义网络法的要点是什么?它们有何本质上的联系及异同点?2.设有3个传教士和3个野人来到河边,打算乘一只船从右岸渡到左岸去。

该船的负载能力为两人。

在任何时候,如果野人人数超过传教士人数,那么野人就会把传教士吃掉。

他们怎样才能用这条船安全地把所有人都渡过河去?3.利用下图,用状态空间法规划一个最短的旅行路程:此旅程从城市A开始,访问其他城市不多于一次,并返回A。

选择一个状态表示,表示出所求得的状态空间的节点及弧线,标出适当的代价,并指明图中从起始节点到目标节点的最佳路径。

4.试说明怎样把一棵与或解树用来表达下图所示的电网络阻抗的计算。

单独的R、L或C可分别用R、jωL或1/jωC来计算,这个事实用作本原问题。

后继算符应以复合并联和串联阻抗的规则为基础。

5.试用四元数列结构表示四圆盘梵塔问题,并画出求解该问题的与或图。

6.用谓词演算公式表示下列英文句子(多用而不是省用不同谓词和项。

例如不要用单一的谓词字母来表示每个句子)。

A computer system is intelligent if it can perform a task which,if performed by a human, requires intelligence.7.把下列语句表示成语义网络描述:(1)All man are mortal.(2)Every cloud has a silver lining.(3)All branch managers of DEC participate in a profit-sharing plan.8.作为一个电影观众,请你编写一个去电影院看电影的剧本。

408数据结构研究生入学考试习题_自出

目录线性 (1)树形 (4)图形结构 (8)查找 (10)排序 (14)线性单选(2009_408)2．C设栈S 和队列Q 的初始状态均为空，元素a，b，c，d，e，f，g 依次进入栈S。

若每个元素出栈后立即进入队列Q，且7 个元素出队的顺序是b，d，c，f，e，a，g，则栈S 的容量至少是。

A．1B．2C．3D．4填空解答阅读算法编写算法(2019_408)树形单选(2019_408)2．B若将一棵树T 转化为对应的二叉树BT，则下列对BT 的遍历中，其遍历序列与T 的后根遍历序列相同的是A．先序遍历B．中序遍历C．后序遍历D．按层遍历3．C (2019_408_)对n 个互不相同的符号进行哈夫曼编码。

若生成的哈夫曼树共有115 个结点，则n 的值A．56B．57C．58D．60填空解答(2016_408)42．(8分)如果一棵非空k(k≥2)叉树T中每个非叶结点都有k个孩子，则称T为正则后k树。

请回答下列问题并给出推导过程。

(1)若T有m个非叶结点，则T中的叶结点有多少个?(2)若T的高度为h(单结点的树h=1)，则T的结点数最多为多少个?最少为多少个?阅读算法编写算法(2014_408)3)算法代码如下：①基于先序遍历的算法：int WPL(BiTree root){return wpl_PreOrder(root, 0);}int wpl_PreOrder(BiTree root, int deep){static int wpl = 0;//定义一个static 变量存储wplif(root->lchild == NULL && root->lchild == NULL) //若为叶子结点，累积wplwpl += deep*root->weight;if(root->lchild != NULL)//若左子树不空，对左子树递归遍历wpl_PreOrder(root->lchild, deep+1);if(root->rchild != NULL)//若右子树不空，对右子树递归遍历wpl_PreOrder(root->rchild, deep+1);return wpl;}②基于层次遍历的算法：#define MaxSize 100//设置队列的最大容量int wpl_LevelOrder(BiTree root){BiTree q[MaxSize];//声明队列，end1 为头指针，end2 为尾指针int end1, end2;//队列最多容纳MaxSize-1 个元素end1 = end2 = 0;//头指针指向队头元素，尾指针指向队尾的后一个元素int wpl = 0, deep = 0;//初始化wpl 和深度BiTree lastNode;//lastNode 用来记录当前层的最后一个结点BiTree newlastNode;//newlastNode 用来记录下一层的最后一个结点lastNode = root;//lastNode 初始化为根节点newlastNode = NULL;//newlastNode 初始化为空q[end2++] = root;//根节点入队while(end1 != end2){//层次遍历，若队列不空则循环BiTree t = q[end1++];//拿出队列中的头一个元素if(t->lchild == NULL & t->lchild == NULL){wpl += deep*t->weight;}//若为叶子结点，统计wplif(t->lchild != NULL){//若非叶子结点把左结点入队q[end2++] = t->lchild;newlastNode = t->lchild;}//并设下一层的最后一个结点为该结点的左结点if(t->rchild != NULL){//处理叶节点q[end2++] = t->rchild;newlastNode = t->rchild;}if(t == lastNode){//若该结点为本层最后一个结点，更新lastNodelastNode = newlastNode;deep += 1;//层数加1}}return wpl;//返回wpl}图形结构单选(2019_408)5．C下图所示的AOE 网表示一项包含8 个活动的工程。

研究生课程-摩擦学习题及答案

研究生课程《摩擦学》习题及答案1.1摩擦学定义及其三个主要分支摩擦学是研究作相对运动的相互作用表面及其有关理论和实践的一门科学技术。

就其功能和机理而言，摩擦学可归纳为三个主要的学科分支：摩擦、磨损与润滑。

1.2简述摩擦理论学说摩擦学研究的对象很广泛，在机械工程中主要包括：动、静摩擦，零件表面受工作介质摩擦或碰撞、冲击，机械制造工艺的摩擦学问题，弹性体摩擦。

摩擦学已由当初的摩擦、磨损与润滑三大研究内容扩展到摩擦、磨损、润滑和摩擦学设计四大领域。

基于目前的学科发展摩擦学的主要研究内容可归纳如下：特殊工况下的摩擦学研究纳米摩擦学的研究先进表面处理工艺的摩擦学特性研究摩擦学设计方法与数据共享技术的研究仿生摩擦学研究摩擦学系统监控技术的研究摩擦学问题的模拟计算和零件寿命评估摩擦学新材料研究2.1论述轮廉支承长度率曲线与轮廉表面微观的特征关系。

轮廊支承长度率曲线是描述轮廊表面微观几何形状特征最主要的表征形式之一。

由于轮廊支承长度率是无量纲值，此时支承曲线的形状与不平度的绝对高度无关，而是由不平度的形状和轮廓峰的分布性质决定的。

2.2表面湿润程度的表征方法及意义。

湿润现象反映了固体表面自由能、固-液界面自由能和吸附在固-液界面上的分子状态。

液体在固体上的湿润行为实质上是一种置换过程，最常见的过程是液体在固体表面置换空气，而湿润程度可用接触角表示。

接触角是工程中常用来度量湿润性和固-液黏结强度的重要指标，接触角越小，黏结功越大，湿润性越好。

2.3论述在载荷不变的前提下，实际接触面积与名义接触面积无关。

名义接触面积是接触表面的表观面积，，由接触物体的外部尺寸决定；实际接触面积是物体真实接触面积的总和。

实际接触面积仅为名义接触面积的很少一部分。

而实际接触面积的增加是依靠接触点数目的增加和每一接触尺寸的加大，且起主要作用的是接触点数目的增多。

假定两钢平面相接触，并施加载荷，这时微凸体顶部将发生塑性变形，直到各个微凸体顶部的实际接触面积足以承担载荷为止。

2024年研究生考试《中医综合》练习题(含答案)

2024年研究生考试《中医综合》练习题及答案学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、单选题(35题)1.热裂津亏与血虚不荣均可见的表现（）。

A.裂纹舌B.齿痕舌C.点刺舌D.胖大舌2.女性，63岁，排便不畅，便质不干，临厕努挣乏力，腹胀，舌质淡，脉弱。

根据针灸处方选穴选择，辨证选配的主穴是（）。

A.天枢，支沟，脾俞，阴陵泉，丰隆B.天枢，支沟，大肠俞，上巨虚，照海C.天枢，支沟，关元，下脘，丰隆D.天枢，支沟，脾俞，三阴交，公孙3.常用冰片而不用麝香治疗的是（）。

A.水火烫伤B.血滞经闭C.咽喉肿痛D.跌打损伤4.以下不属于桂苓甘露饮的组成的是（）。

A.白术、茯苓B.泽泻、猪苓C.石膏、滑石D.桂枝、车前子5.《素问·水热穴论》“肾者，胃之关”的含义是（）。

A.肾阳帮助脾胃的运化功能B.肾气的固摄主司二便的排泄C.肾为封藏之本，主司精的藏泄D.肾气的蒸腾气化作用主司尿液的生成与排泄6.患者心悸胸闷，下肢水肿，小便短少，胃寒肢冷，朦胧欲睡，口唇紫暗，舌淡紫苔白滑，脉沉细无力，其诊断是（）。

A.心阳虚证B.肾虚水泛证C.心肾阳虚证D.脾肾阳虚证7.下列根据五行相生规律确定的治法是（）。

A.佐金平木B.泻心清肝C.疏肝健脾D.培土制水8.治疗饮食积滞，泻而不畅的常用药是（）。

A.火麻仁B.大腹皮C.大黄D.甘遂9.参苏饮组成药物（）。

A.前胡、茯苓、桔梗B.木香、葛根、砂仁C.杏仁、白前、荆芥D.茯苓、甘草、白术10.根据《中华人民共和国执业医师法》第二十二条的规定，不属于医师所履行的义务的是（）。

A.保护患者隐私B.宣传卫生保健知识，对患者进行健康教育C.努力钻研业务，提高业务技术水平D.参加专业学术团体，担任学术职务11.下列关于“魄门”的启闭与五脏关系的叙述，不正确的是（）。

A.依赖于肾气的推动和固摄B.依赖于肝气的条达与疏泄C.依赖于肺气的升提D.依赖于脾气的运化12.玉女煎主治（）。

研究生数理统计习题部分解答

12研究生数理统计习题部分解答第六章抽样分布1．（1994年、数学三、选择）2．设),,,(21n X X X 是来自总体),(2σμN 的简单随机样本，X 是样本均值，记22121)(11∑=--=i i X X n S ，22122)(1∑=-=i i X X n S ，22123)(11∑=--=i i X n S μ，22124)(1∑=-=i i X n S μ则服从自由度1-n 的t 分布的随机变量是=T （）。

3． A .11--n S X μB .12--n S X μ4． C .nS X 3μ-D .nS X 4μ-[答案：选B ]5．当2212)(11∑=--=i i X X n S 时，服从自由度1-n 的t 分布的随机变量应为 6． =T nSX μ-7． A 、由222121)(11S X X n S i i =--=∑=，111--=--=n S X n S X T μμ 8．而不是nSX T μ-=9． B 、由212221221)(111)(1S nn X X n n n X X n S n i ii i -=--⋅-=-=∑∑== 10． nSX n S X n S X T nn μμμ-=--=--=∴-1112。

11．（1997年、数学三、填空）12．设随机变量Y X ,相互独立，均服从)3,0(2N 分布且91,,X X 与91,,Y Y 分别是来自总体Y X ,的简单随机样本，则统计量292191Y Y X X U ++++= 服从参数为（）的（）分布。

13．[答案：参数为（9）的（t ）分布]14．解：由Y X ,相互独立，均服从)3,0(2N 分布，又91,,X X 与91,,Y Y 分别来自总体Y X ,，可知91,,X X 与91,,Y Y 之间均相互独立，均服从分布)3,0(2N 15．因而)39,0(~291⨯∑=N X i i ，)1,0(~9191N X X i i ∑==，)1,0(~3N Y i ，)9(~32912χ∑=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛i i Y ，且∑==9191i i X X 与∑=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛9123i i Y 相互独立， 16．因而()292191912919123919191Y Y X X YXXi ii ii Y i ii ++++==∑∑∑∑==== 服从参数为9的t 分布。

医学统计学-研究生课程习题及答案2021

医学统计学-研究生课程习题及答案2021医学统计学第一章：绪论1.总体是指研究对象的某个变量在全部同质群体中的取值。

2.统计学中所说的样本是指依照随机原则抽取总体中有代表性的一部分。

3.病人的病情分级属于等级资料。

4.华北地区家庭年医疗费用的平均支出是指华北地区所有家庭的年医疗费用。

5.想要了解研究人群中原发性高血压病（EH）的患病情况，需要考虑文化程度、高血压家族史和打鼾等因素。

第二章：1.描述一组偏态分布资料的变异度，四分位数间距是较好的指标。

2.均数和标准差可以全面描述正态分布资料的特征。

3.各观察值同加或减同一数后，标准差不变。

4.比较某地1~2岁和5~5.5岁儿童身高的变异程度，宜用变异系数。

5.偏态分布宜用中位数描述其分布的集中趋势。

6.各观察值同乘以一个不等于的常数后，变异系数不变。

7.正态分布的资料，均数等于中位数。

8.对数正态分布是一种右偏态分布。

9.标准正态分布曲线下从0到2.58的面积为49.5%。

10.当各观察值呈倍数变化时，平均数宜用几何均数。

第三章：1.均数的标准误反映了样本均数与总体均数的差异。

2.两样本均数比较的t检验，P越小，说明越有理由认为两总体均数不同。

3.甲乙两人分别从同一随机数字作为两个样本，求得其样本均数之差的总体均数95%可信区间，很可能包括。

4.某地1992年随机抽取100名健康女性，算得其血清总蛋白参考值为74±1.96×4.5.关于以0为中心的t分布，叙述错误的是相同v时，|t|越大，P越大。

6.在两样本均数比较的t检验中，无效假设为两总体均数相等。

7.两样本均数比较作t检验时，分别取一下检验水准，犯第二类错误概率最小的是α=0.30.8.正态性检验，按α=0.10水准，认为总体服从正态分布，此时若推断有错，其错误的概率等于β，而β未知。

9.采用配对t检验还是两样t检验是由试验设计方案决定。

第四章：1.完全随机设计资料的方差分析中，必然有SS总=SS组间+SS组内。

研究生英语下课后习题答案

1词汇U3laden(loaded)fretful(anxious)disintegrated(broke up)quell (reduce)rudimentary (simple)eavesdropping (overhearing)leafing (skimming)materialistic (concerned with money)dumped (put down)melancholy (unhappy)U5cling to (hold tightly to)delicate (fragile)distant (remote) departs (leaves)distinction (difference)bond (tie)afflict (torture)vicinity (neighborhood)haunts (troubles)haze (mist)desolate (bleak)domestic (family)clasped (clutched) bound (likely)dwell on (think about)U6abolished (ended)solemn (serious)observe (celebrate)quest (search)pledge (promise)heritage (inheritance)commits (obligates)alliance (union) tempered(softened)converted(changed)subversion(sabotage)eradicate(get rid of)U7train (series)intricate(complicated)proposition(suggestion)surmounted (topped)disgraced (humiliated)debased(devalued)lamentable (disappointing)terminate (end)adjacent (next)endeavor (strive)U8echoed (sounded repeatedly)contempt (scorn)deciphering (decoding)conviction (belief)turbulent (disorderly)tumbled (fell)passing up (missing)mortal (deadly)perceived (viewed)requisite (necessity)U9underscores (emphasizes)trivial (unimportant)peripheral (insignificant)credible (reliable)inherent (innate)poses (causes)duplicate (reproduce)grant (consent to)funded (sponsored)encompassed (involved)U9.1collided with (clashed with)addressed (tackled)furnish (provide)conveyed (expressed)to the core (totally)misshapen (deformed)catastrophe (failure)round-up (summary)deplete (exhaust)envision (foresee)完型填空1What then is good mind? 1 searches 2 connections 3 inventive 4 discerning 5 anticipates 6 future 7 individual 8identifies 9 fallacy 10 self discipline2Under what conditions 1 revenues 2 receipts 3 economic 4 rewards 5 athletes 6 sponsor 7 spectators 8maintain 9 availability 10 stadiums 11 anticipated 12 publicity3Travelling provides tremendous 1 gain 2 similarities 3 diverse 4 enrich 5 perspective 6 discover 7challenging 8 specific 9 adventure 10 enlightens 11 opportunities 12 memories 13 joyful 14 outweighs 15 span 6On this day 1 remain 2 childish 3 reaffirm 4 precious 5 equal 6 measure 7 greatness 8 journey 9 leisure 10fame 11 obscure 12 prosperity 7Less than a century ago 1 alive 2 awakened 3 trip 4 stone 5 remains 6 beyond 7 records 8 social 9across 10 surrounding 11 mental 12 miracle 13 having 14 failure 15 participateA wolf gives out a deep chesty 1 echoes 2 pays heed to 3 hidden 4 objectively 5 decipher 6 presence 7 conviction 8 shot 9 however 10 slaughter 11 bare 12 trim 13 are connected to 14 strive 15 yield9.1"Mass media"is a deceptively 1 encompassing 2 standard 3 constraints 4 presented 5 resolution 6 constitute 79 distinction 10 fuzzy 11 technically 12 devote to 13 ranging 14 competing 15biases9.2The mass media denote 1 coined 2 been in use 3 similar 4 entertainment 5 require 6 include 7 individuals 8 comparable 9 previously 10 viewed 11 forming 12 characteristics 13 susceptible 14 propaganda 15 widely10The French are elegant people 1 exquisite 2 soothe 3 equivalent 4 literally 5 effective 6 havoc 7 posted 8 notify 9 clumsy 10 autonomously10Throughout my life 1 continued his education 2 evaluating 3 with the objective of 4 introduction 5 worked on 6opportunities 7 tailoring 8 interacting with 9 an eye opener 10 witnessed 11 in addition to 12 sustaining business 13 exposure 14 requisite阅读理解U11.Positive responses (Anyone) 2.what doesn't(going through) 3.post traumatic(One ) 4.those who (Those who)5.we need(Pleasure)6.It dominated(A good life)7.but this(the pain)8.still (Changes)9.what makes them(become special)10.the short term (Other)U41.I feel as if (constantly) 2.I'm as likely(Chances) 3.the perfect (extraordinary) 4.what the net (My capacity)5.once I was (Once) 6.his thinking (The staccato)7.thanks to(We are likely)8.reading(Unlike speech)U5.11.John because(there was) 2.which of marriage (theoretically) 3.in the lives(they could not) 3.a couple could(criminal)4.which of life(murder) 5.John murder(mentally) 6.Mrs.Bodman(suffer)7.to the husband(picturesque)8.why didn't(In case)9.why did wife(chance)10.the wife killed(revenge)11.the wife said(more intense)U5.21.Why did the man(To learn) 2.what was the result (He convinced) 3.what …exception(insulted)3.what did the man(interesting)4.what conclusion(enough evidence)5.which of the following(He was thinking of)6.What did the doctor(prescribed)7.what was the advice(Live a physically)U81.If a man must be(man needs) 2.if it happens(If by any) 3.it is small wonder(childhood) 4.along with my dream(several2boats) 5.my first encounter (experienced) 6.my sailing has(bring me pleasure)7.this is an intellectual(follow my compulsion)8.finally deciding that (deciding I could not sail anymore)U9 1.A free speech society(A free-speech) 2.in a stimulating (Due to) 3.our basic biological(posed to human beings)4.similarly other forms (Like TV) 5.Osama Bin Laden(Before September 11, Osama bin Laden)6.the several thousands(The pubic)7.police and firefighters (After)8.a nation already(People suffering)9.Sunday morning political(The distinct)10.given such manipulative (What should)U101.Cultural awareness(beyond mere) 2.our own culture (We usually) 3.price for the simplest(People can)4.the simplest cultural(Even the simplest) 5.beyond concrete(It ’s not)6.in the US (we and companies)7.when the couple(shocked)8.each aspect of (have a big impact)为在线服务开启新时代 define a new era for online services 对他来说事重要的 matter to him 可能会对产生微妙的影响 may have a subtle effect on 提供免费阅读电子书籍的机会 provide free access to e books 正发生巨变 is in the midst of a sea change 一直在哈佛任教 has been on the faculty of Harvard University 如饥似渴的读者 a voracious book reader 你就会把心思全花在这上了 you'll stay focused on it 信息传递者 the conduit for information 你的支票真是天赐之物 you check came as an absolute godsend 我弄不清故事的脉络了 lost the thread of the story 徜徉在优美的散文中stroll through elegant prose 水不是有效的遮挡物 water is not an effective shield 被火焰吞没 engulfed in flame 主权国家的权利 the rights of sovereign nations 在市场上胜过他的竞争者 outpaced its rivals in the market 没有必要唠叨这点 there is no need to belabor the point 她恳求几位有名的学者 she invoked several eminent scholars 从两个被围困的村庄 from two embattled villages 根据证人证词所示 according to the witness's testimony 虽然我们尽了最大努力 in spite of our best endeavors 经过了许多考验和磨难之后 after many trials and tribulations 极其令人兴奋的经历 a mind blowing experience 内置储存空间 built in storage space 自我保护措施self protection measres 短期工作 short term employment 歪曲的否定的自我观念 distorted and negative self perception 改变看生活的事件 life changing events 无所不包的细节 all encompassing details 一个好的自我形象 a good self image 超越国家或文化界限 transcend national or cultural boundaries 一些实际优惠 some tangible benefits 被无止休地争论 have been debated endlessly 以指出别人的错误为乐 delights in pointing out other people's mistakes 对于失败者的同情 sympathy with losers 因为几乎说不清楚的原因 for reasons that can be barely articulated 课文翻译愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。

研究生试题答案

研究生试题答案一、选择题1. 以下哪项不属于现代企业战略管理的核心要素？A. 市场定位B. 产品创新C. 企业文化D. 财务管理答案：C2. 研究生教育的主要目标是什么？A. 培养具有创新能力和实践能力的高级专门人才B. 提供职业技能培训C. 普及高等教育D. 进行基础科学研究答案：A3. 以下哪个不是有效的学术研究方法？A. 实证研究B. 文献综述C. 逻辑推理D. 个人直觉答案：D4. 在学术写作中，引用他人观点的正确做法是：A. 随意引用，不注明出处B. 引用后注明出处，但篡改原意C. 引用后注明出处，并保持原意D. 仅在论文末尾列出参考文献即可答案：C5. 研究生期间，以下哪项活动对于个人发展最为关键？A. 参加社交活动B. 参与科研项目C. 兼职工作D. 旅游休闲答案：B二、填空题1. 科学研究的基本原则包括________、________和________。

答案：客观性、系统性和创新性2. 在撰写学术论文时，应遵循的三个基本规范是________、________和________。

答案：准确性、完整性和一致性3. 研究生阶段的学习不仅仅是为了获得知识，更重要的是培养________和________。

答案：独立思考能力、解决问题能力三、简答题1. 阐述研究生教育与本科教育的主要区别。

研究生教育与本科教育的主要区别在于教育目标、教学内容和学习方法。

研究生教育更侧重于培养学术研究和专业实践的能力，注重深入探讨学科领域的前沿问题和研究方法。

本科教育则更多关注基础知识的传授和综合素质的培养。

在教学内容上，研究生课程通常更加专业化和深入，而本科课程则覆盖面较广，注重基础理论。

学习方法上，研究生教育鼓励独立研究和创新，学生需要在导师的指导下进行科研工作，而本科教育则更多采用讲授和考试的传统方式。

2. 描述学术诚信的重要性及其在研究生教育中的作用。

学术诚信是科研工作的基石，它要求研究人员在进行学术活动时必须诚实、公正和尊重他人的工作。

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