1.美国文学欣赏_课件Benjamin_Franklin

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Benjamin Franklin

• 光学：他发明了老人用的双焦距眼镜，能够看清近处及远处的事物，并且因此最先解释了北极光。
发明了口琴、摇椅、路灯、避雷针。发现了墨西哥海湾的海流。最先绘制暴风雨推移图。发现人们呼出气体的有害性。发现了颗粒肥料。设计出夏天穿的白色亚麻服装，设计了最早的游泳眼镜和蛙噗。制定了新闻传播法。最先组织了消防厅。创立了近代的邮信制度。创立了议员的近代选举法。
读书
• 1 读书是易事，思索是难事，但两者缺一，便全无用处。 • 2 诚实和勤勉应该成为你永久的伴侣。 • 3 读书是我唯一的娱乐，我不把时间浪费与酒店、赌博或者任何一种低劣的游戏。 • 学而不能致用的人是一头背着书的牛马。蠢驴是否知道它背上背的是一堆书而不是一捆柴？
勤奋与光阴
• 1 懒鬼起来吧！别再浪费时间，将来在坟墓内有足够的时间让你睡的。 • 2 懒惰像生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体；常使用的钥匙，总是闪闪亮的。 • 切勿坐耗时光，须知每刻都有无穷的利息；日计不足，岁月有余。 • 3 不劳苦，无所得 • 4 时间就是生命，时间就是金钱。 • 5 今日能做的事，勿延至明日。 • 6勤劳的人，饥饿过其门而不入
行为习惯
• • • • • 1 恶习知道自己委实很丑陋，所以往往戴了假面具。 2 虚伪和欺诈师一切罪恶之母。 3 真话说一半常是弥天大谎。 4 饮食节制常常使人头脑清醒，思想敏捷。 5 早眠早起，使人健康，富有，明智。
THAT'S ALL
THANK YOU!!
• A man wrapped up in himself makes a very small bundle. • -------Benjamin franklin, inventer • 一个只关心自己的人只能成就很小的事。

美国文学富兰克林 Benjamin Franklin

Evaluation • “Franklin was the only good American author before the Revolutionary War.” • “The Scottish philosopher David Hume called him America’s “first great man of letters”.” • “Franklin was the embodiment of American dream.” • “Franklin was a spokesman for the new order of the 18th century enlightenment.” • When Franklin died in 1790, at the age of 84, he was an honored figure, mourned by many nations. One of his fellow Americans said, “His shadow lies heavier than any other man’s on this young nation.”
“positive” and “negative” to electrical charges.
d. He was one of the first men to study and map the Gulf Stream(墨西哥湾流) .
• His Contributions to the U.S.
• His Contributions to Science
a. Inventions : Franklin stove, effective street lighting, bifocal glasses, a miniature printing press, efficient heating devices and even a strange musical instrument called an “armonica”玻璃口琴. b. And for his lightning-rod, he was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire from heaven.” c. the theories of electricity; first applied the terms

美国文学富兰克林传.ppt

Literary Giant: Benjamin Franklin
Major works
Poor Richard's Almanack 2.The Autobiography 1.
Poor Richard's Almanack

Poor Richard's Almanac (1733-1758) took Franklin twentyfive years to contrive homely aphorism out of whatever source he could tap and improve most of then with his gift for pungenct and imagery.
The Autobiography

In his Autobiography , told how and when he began to write it "Memoires De La Vie Privee...,”1791,in Paris The first English translation, "The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin ”,1793,in London
"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin”was written for Franklin's son William The work portrays a fascinating picture of life in Philadelphia The first five chapters were written in England in 1771,resumed in 1784-1785 in Paris,and later in 1788 in the US

Benjamin-Franklin本杰明富兰克林 PPT

It was considered to be the greatest autobiography produced in Colonial America which was published here contained 14 chapters.
Content
changing.
• 省一文等于挣一文；聚沙可以成塔，积水可以成河。 • 早睡早起,使人健康、富有和聪明。 • 天助自助者。 • 小小开支不可随意，小小漏洞会沉大船。 • 吃饭是为了活着,活着不是为了吃饭。 • 选择朋友要谨慎，换朋友更要谨慎。
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 《本杰明·富兰克林自传》
Serving god best is to contribute your talent
to the people and community
Franklin’s Contributions to Science
A scientist with lots of inventions and a famous experiment (kite, electricity, thunderstorm); first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges.
Benjamin Franklin
(1706-1790)
content
1. Life Experience 2. Great Contributions 3. Literary Worperience
He was born in Boston, the youngest son of a poor craftsman on January 17,1706. He had little formal education, but he taught himself by reading widely.

Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin

He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States: The Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》 The Treaty of Alliance with France The Treaty of Peace with England The Constitution 《美国宪法》

General features types of writing: diaries, histories, journals, letters,
travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons

Content : : serving either God or colonial
expansion or both Form: imitating English literary traditions
★American Puritanism（清g, American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions(迫害）. In content it means scrupulous （小心谨慎） moral rigor（苛刻), especially hostility to social pleasures and indulgences, that is strictness, sternness and austerity（苦行） in conduct and religion.

美国文学 PPT课件

➢ Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.

1.美国文学Unit1Franklin

Leading writers and their works

Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826): The Declaration of Independence (1776) Thomas Paine(1737-1809): Common Sense (1776) Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography Philip Freneau: “The Wild Honey Suckle” 《野金银花》
History: American Revolution

Conflicts between America and Britain
over settlements, government, taxes

Economically:
Br. prevented Am. Economic development Export raw materials, import finished goods

Enlightenment

the Age of Reason and Revolution the Age of Rationality 18th Century Literature the Age of American Enlightenment

(1) Originated in Europe in the 17th century

The Declaration of Independence

The following statements have become worldfamous since then: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. 我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：造物者创造了平等的个人，并赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。

BenjaminFranklin Powerpoint-21

Do you need to start the presentation over. Go Back.
Sorry, Try Again. Thomas Edison Invented the Light Bulb, Not Ben Franklin.
Great Job!
• Your are right! It was Benjamin Franklin who invented the lightning rod.
Ben Signed All Five Documents That Established American Independence:
Click to listen
• • • • •
the Declaration of Independence the Treaty of Amity and Commerce with France the Treaty of Alliance with France the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain the Constitution of the United States of America
2.
True
False
3. Ben started the newspaper called the Pennsylvania Gazette. True
False
Do you need to review Ben’s life?Go back!
Ben Franklin's Inventions
Click to listen
• In 1775, Ben Franklin was elected to the Continental Congress. • When Ben was eighty-one, He was the oldest delegate at the Constitutional Convention .

Benjamin Franklin 课件

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13 Humility Imitate Jesus and Socrates. (谦虚(qiānxū) 仿效耶稣和苏格拉底。)
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2 Silence Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation. (沉默说话必须对别人或你自己有益(yǒuyì)；要避免无益的聊天。)
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3 Order Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time. (生活秩序将每一样东西放在它们应该放的地方；每件日常事务应当有一定的时间(shíjiān)。)
Teaching Procedure:
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I Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was a printer, publisher, editor, postmaster, educator, economist, scientist, inventor, musician, man of letters(scholar or author), diplomat and statesman. He didn’t receive much formal education. At the age of 12, he was apprenticed to his brother, a printer, and at 16 took over the editorship of the paper New England Courant. At 17 he moved to Philadelphia and became sole owner of a printing firm.

(第一讲)Benjamin_Franklinppt课件

area, by Mayflower and found Plymouth Colony (普利茅斯殖民地).
ship of Mayflower
roast turkey
❖ The origin of Thanksgiving Day
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New England
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2. American Puritanism
To achieve freedom , prosperity and success through honest hard work.
The ability to rise from rags to riches through hard work.
"life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with for each according to ability or achievement“
❖What is Puritan?
The Puritans were originally devout members
of Church of England who advocated highly
religious and moral principle. They wished to
“purify” their religious belief---to clean up the
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❖What is American Puritanism?
❖ Puritanism is the practices and religious beliefs of puritans in America.

《美国文学史及选读》(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 4 Benjamin Frankli

CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Brief Comment Successful in business, renowned in science, this most modern-spirited man
of early Americans also served his nation brilliantly.
born in Boston
went to Philadelphia as a young man and began his career as a printer
was the sole owner of a successful printing shop, and was the editor and publisher of The Pennsylvania Gazette (later The Saturday Evening Post) at twenty-four
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Selections
my Father was impatient to have me bound8 to my Brother. I stood out some time, but at last was persuaded and signed the Indentures9, when I was yet but 12 Years old. I was to serve as an Apprentice till I was 21 Years of Age, only I was to be allow’d Journeyman’s Wages10 during the last Year. In a little time I made great Proficiency in the Business, and became a useful Hand to my Brother. I now had Access to better Books. An Acquaintance with the Apprentices of Booksellers enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean. Often I sat up in my Room reading the greatest Part of the Night, when the Book was borrow’d in

美国文学（本杰明富兰克林）

美国文学（本杰明富兰克林）American literatureChapter 1 The Embryo of American Literature1、Benjamin FranklinA Brief Introduction of Benjamin FranklinFranklin was one of the leading founding fathers of the United States of America. He was a member of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence and was one of its signatories(签名人)。

He also signed the Constitution of the United States, and served as the new nation’s ablest diplomat. Franklin was also unequaled in America as an inventor until Thomas Edison. He invented the Franklin stove(火炉，窖，温室)，bifocal eyeglasses and the lightning rod.※BiographyBenjamin Franklin was born on January 17,1706 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest child ,and tenth boy of 17 children. Franklin’s formal schooling ended early but his education never did. He believed that “the door to wisdom are never shut,” and read every book he could get his hands on. Franklin taught himself simple algebra and geometry ,navigation, logic, history, science, English grammar and a working knowledge of five other languages.Franklin had a simple formula for success. He believed that successful people worked just a little harder than other people. Benjamin Franklin certainly did. He built a successful printing and publishing business in Philadelphia; he conducted scientific studies of electricity and made several important discoveries; he was an accomplished diplomat and statesman; he helped establish Pennsylvania’s first university and America’s first cityhospital. He also organized the country’s first subscription library.Franklin had strong belief that good citizenship included an obligation of public service. Franklin himself served the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the new United States of America, in one way or the other, for most of his life. T o Benjamin Franklin there was no greater purpose in life than to“live usefully.”※The Works·Poor Richard’s Almanac.1733·The Way to Wealth,1758·Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin ，1791·Benjamin Franklin’s Thirteen Virtues1TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.2SIlENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.3ORDER.Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.4RESOLUTION.Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.5FRUGALITY. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e.,waste nothing.6INDUSTRY.Lose no time;be always employeed in something useful; cut off all unneccessary actions.7. SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.8. JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.9. MODERATION. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.10. CLEANLINESS. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothes,or habitation.11. TRANQUILLITY. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.12. CHASTITY. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dulness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.13. HUMILITY. Imitate Jesus and Socrates.※Selected ReadingToo Dear for the WhistleWhen I was a child of seven years old , my friends , on a holiday ,filled my pocket with coppers . I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children . Being charmed with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way , in the hands of another boy , I handed over all my money for one . I then came home , went whistling all over house , much pleased with my whistle , but disturbing all my family .My brother and sister and cousins ,when I told of the bargain I had made,said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth . They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation(n.苦恼，恼怒，令人烦恼的事) . Thinking about the matter gave me more chagrin than the whistle gave me pleasure.This , however , was afterwards of use to me , for the impression continued on my mind . so that often , when I was tempted to buy something I do not need . I said to myself . “Don't give too much for the whistle ,”and I saved my money . As I grew up , came into the world，and observed the actions of men . I thought I met with many ,very many ,who “gave too much for the whistle .”When I saw some man too eager for cout favour, wasting histime at court getherings ,giving up his rest , his liberty ,his virtue, and perhaps his friends ,for royal favour , I said to myself “This man gives too much for the whistle.”When I saw another fond of popularity , constantly taking part in political affairs ,neglecting his own business ,and ruining it by neglect , “He pays , indeed ,”said I , “too dear for his whistle .”If I knew a miser（守财奴，吝啬鬼）who gave up every kind of comfortable living , all the pleasure of doing good to others , all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship , for the sake of gathering and keeping wealth —“Poor man.”said I , “you pay too dear for your whistle .”When I met a man of pleasure , who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but merely devoted himself to having a good time ,perhaps neglecting his health ,“Mistaken man,”said I , “you are providing pain for yourself , instead of pleasure ; you are paying too dear for your whistle .”If I saw someone fond of appearance of who had fine clothes , fine houses , fine furniture , fine earrings , all above his fortune , and for which he had run into debt ,and ends his career in a prison .“Alas,”said I , “he has paid dear , very dear , for his whistle . ”In short the miseries of mankind are largely due to their putting a false value on things —to giving “too much for their whistles”.。

美国文学史 Benjamin franklin

❖ The style：use of humor、simple、clear in order、 direct and concise、predome work was one of the first autobiographies in the English language
❖ The autobiography tell us today what life was like in 18th country American.
❖ Franklin’s autobiography is also a reflection of 18th century idealism.
Philade About political advocations
lphia
13 virtues
❖ Temperance 节制 ❖ Silence 缄默 ❖ Order 条例 ❖ Resolution 决心 ❖ Frugality 节俭 ❖ Industry 勤奋 ❖ Sincerity 真诚 ❖ Justice 正义
❖ Moderation 适度 ❖ Cleanliness 整洁 ❖ Tranquility 平静 ❖ Chastity 纯洁贞操 ❖ Humility 谦逊
Why are we still reading this book over 200 years after it was written?
❖Appeared from 1732—1758 and contained information that typical almanac would contain.
❖Many aphorisms and proverbs. (eg, action speak loud than words)

美国文学——人物介绍 Benjamine Franklin and Thomas Jefferson

Franklin was a rare genius in America and his dentity could be various.
Such as a printer, postmaster, writer, essayist, scientist, orator, statesman, philosopher, politrcal economist, ambassador, parlorman, businessman, patriot, and man of the world. scientist statesman writer
Poor Richard’s Almanac is a self-help book, including useful encouragement, advice, and factual information. This book described the life of a man who was named poor Richard Saunders. Richard was one of common people in America.So he knew the common people and he was willing to give advice in commom-sense witticisms(诙谐语) and maxims. It was intended to appeal to the common man of colonoal America.
And he elaborates on each with a maxim, for example, the temperance maxim is
“Eat not to Dullness. Drink not to Elevation” (食不过饱；饮酒不醉)

美国文学史及选读 ppt课件

2. character of colonial literature a. content: religious, political b. form: diary, journal, letters, travel books,
sermons, history (personal literature) c. style: simple. direct, concise d. out of humble origins
With regard to technique one naturally thinks of the simplicity which characterizes the Puritan style of writing.
John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor 小虫小物尚扬声，难道吾便如哑子。
2. John Calvin a. predestination b. original sin and totated few
3. practical , optimistic， idealistic 4. a doctrinaire opportunist
The American Puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly important in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.
The Literature of Colonial America
Historical Introduction
1. colonial settlement(1607-1776) In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered

美国文学Benjamin_Franklin ppt课件

• an account of the colorful career of America's first self-made man.
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Autobiography (basic features)
➢ embodiment of Puritanism
✓ A Puritan document --it is a record of selfexamination(自我审视) and self-improvement ( 自我完善)
• God helps those who help themselves. • Speak little, do much. • Eat to live, and not live to eat. • Be slow in choosing a Friend, slower in
changing.
• 5. Frugality（节俭）. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing.
• 节俭。花钱须于人于己有益，即不浪费。
• 6. Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.
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• If you would be loved, love and be loveable.
• Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, half shut afterwards.
• Silence is not always a Sign of Wisdom. but Babbling is ever a Mark of Folly.

美国文学——Benjamin Franklin课件

Benjamin Franklin and The
Autobiography
First of its kind in literature Writing when he was 65 An introduction of his life to his own son Including four parts written in different time Puritanism’s influence, such as self-examination and self-improvement (timetable, thirteen virtues, life style) Enlightenment spirits (man’s nature good, rights of liberty, virtues includes “order〞) Style: simple, clear in order, direct and concise (“Nothing should be expressed in two words that can as well be expressed in one.〞) (Puritanism’s influence) Popular, still well-read today, his values and style influenced lots of Americans
The End
Literary works
Poor Richard’s Almanac?穷查理的年历? Modeled on farmers’ annual calendar; kept publishing for many years; includes many classical sayings, such as “A penny saved is a penny earned.〞 The Autobiography:

本杰明·富兰克林PPT美国文学史

+ Franklin wrote many things during his lifetime:
articles for his newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette（宾夕法尼亚公报）, letters about his life (later published as his Autobiography), letters on an amazingly wide range of subjects, including politics, science, libraries, even fire stations. + Sometimes he was humorous, but he always followed his own rule for writing: make it "smooth, clear and short."
品质：
节制（restrained）、沉默(silent)、秩序(plan)、意志(strong-willed)、节俭(thrifty)、产出(effective)、诚恳(sincere)、公平(fair)、中道()整洁(tidiness)、平静(calm)、洁身 (integrity)、谦逊(modest)
Nation:
1.He developed and improved the postal system , making it run at a profit after years of losses.(邮政系统) . 2.He supported and aided Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence(独立宣言). 3.He conducted the difficult negotiations with France that support for America in the war. 4.He was a delegate to the Convention that wrote the Constitution.