词形变化归纳

中考英语复习词形归纳

一、名词的复数形式构成：

1.以－f或－fe结尾的名词变复数

（1）加－s，如：cafes, giraffes

（2）去f，fe加－ves，如：

half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives wolf-wolves

thief-thieves self-selves wife-wives shelf-shelves

歌诀记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄；妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去割粮；架（shelf）后窜出一匹狼（wolf）；就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）亡。这9个名词变复数时，都要改－f（e）为v，再加－es，

2.以－o结尾的名词，变复数

（1）加s，如：photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos

（2）加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mangoes, Negro-Negroes hero-heroes 歌诀记忆：黑人（Negro）和英雄（hero）爱吃芒果、西红柿（tomato）和马铃薯（potato）。除了这五个以－o结尾的名词加－es外，其余的以－o结尾的名词加－s。

3.表示“国家”的名词变复数

Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen Russian-Russians Indian-Indians Canadian-Canadians American-Americans 歌诀记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变，英（Englishman）法（Frenchman）变，其余s加后面。

4.以复数形式出现的名词

goods货物trousers/pants /jeans /shorts裤子clothes衣服glasses眼镜

5.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词

（1）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

（2）news是不可数名词。

（3）the United States，the United Nations应视为单数。

6.由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数

如：man worker-men workers（男工人）woman doctor-women doctors（女医生）

7.以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es。例如：

baby-babies, city-cities, story-stories, party-parties, lady-ladies, diary-diaries, century-centuries copy-copies country, company, factory, family, memory, enemy, hobby, dictionary, university 8.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加－es，如：

class-classes bus-buses, boss-bosses class, glass, dress, box-boxes, foxes,watch-watches speech-speeches, , beach-beaches church-churches, sandwiches, coaches, matches, inches, brush-brushes dishes, wishes, fishes

9.其他不规则变化

man-men woman-women goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth

child-children fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep mouse-mice

fisherman-fishermen, policeman, chairman, spaceman, postman, salesman, snowman

歌诀记忆：男人（man）女人（woman）a变e，鹅（goose）足（foot）牙（tooth）？oo变ee。孩子（child）加上ren，鱼（fish）鹿（deer）绵羊（sheep）不用变。

[注] fish指鱼的种类时，要加上－es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复数同形；

(2)去e加ing give, leave, have, lose, invite, close, admire, breathe, cause, prepare

(3)双写辅音字母加ing sit, hit, cut, put, chat, get, forget, shut, set, let, fit

begin, plan, win, run, spin; nod, swim, dig, jog, step, clap, rob, rub, kidnap, shop, drop prefer, travel, quarrel, control

(4) ie-ying die, lie, tie— dying, lying, tying

3. 过去式/过去分词（规则变化）

(1)-ed enjoyed, destroyed, stayed, played, waited, rained, happened, visited, suffered

(2)e-d advise, ache, practice, arrive, believe, receive, refuse, share, continue, breathe, notice,