水利水电工程专业英语的阅读与翻译

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水利水电类专业英语

1.Because of the enormous damage or potential damage caused by a flood of the magnitude that occurs once in a hundred years or less, stream gaging records of 10, 20, or 30 years are inadequate, although of some use, in planning flood control projects or for the spillway design of any large dam.由于量级在100年一遇或者更罕见的洪水引起的巨大破坏或潜在破坏，在洪水控制工程的规划或任意大型大坝的溢洪道的设计中，10年、20年或30年的水流测量记录尽管有些用途，但还是不够的。

2.The foundation, including abutments, should be of rock or consolidated materials sufficiently strong to support the structure and they must be watertight or so nearly so that excess leakage can be prevented by sealing any cracks or fissures in the foundation with a grouting material or closing the leakage paths by placing a blanket of impervious material in the reservoir area upstream from the dam site.地基包括坝肩，是由岩石或坚固的材料构成，足以承受结构的荷载，并且必须防水，或者能通过灌浆材料封堵地基中的裂缝或裂隙，或在坝址上游库区铺一层不透水材料来封闭渗漏通道，从而防止过量的渗漏，做到接近防水。

水利水电英语课文翻译

水利水电英语课文翻译水利水电英语课文翻译课文翻译需要掌握一定的词汇和技巧，当然英语课文翻译可以帮助提高学生的英语水平。

以下是店铺整理的水利水电英语课文翻译，欢迎阅读。

水利水电英语课文翻译1：Lesson 1 importance of water 水的重要性Water is best known and most abundant of all chemical compounds occurring in relatively pure form on the earth‘s surface. Oxygen, the most abundant chemical element, is present in combination with hydrogen to the extent of 89 percent in water. Water covers about three fourths of the earth's surface and permeates cracks of much solid land. The Polar Regions are overlaid with vast quantities of ice, and the atmosphere of the earth carries water vapor in quantities from 0.1 percent to 2 percent by weight. It has been estimated that the amount of water in the atmosphere above a square mile of land on a mild summer day is of the order of 50,000 tons.在地球表面以相对纯的形式存在的一切化合物中，水是人们最熟悉的、最丰富的一种化合物。

水利水电工程专业英语教材翻译

P71 2-1混凝土重力坝类型基本上，重力水坝保持其对设计载荷从几何形状和混凝土的质量和强度稳定坚固的混凝土结构。

一般情况下，它们在一条直线轴构成，但也可以稍微弯曲或成角度，以适应特定的现场条件。

重力坝通常由非溢流坝段（S）和溢出部分或溢洪道。

这两个一般混凝土的施工方法，混凝土重力坝是常规放置大体积混凝土和碾压。

Conventional concrete dams.传统的混凝土大坝。

（1）传统上放置大体积混凝土坝的特点是建筑施工中用的材料和配料使用的技术，混匀，放置，固化和大体积混凝土的温度控制（美国混凝土学会（ACI）207.1 R-87）。

典型溢出和非溢出部分示于图2-1和图2-2。

建筑采用已开发和完善了多年设计和建造大体积混凝土大坝的方法。

普通混凝土的水泥水化过程限制大小和混凝土浇筑的速度和建设就必须在巨石满足裂缝控制要求。

通常采用大尺寸的粗集料，混合比例被选择为产生低坍落度混凝土，使经济，在放置期间保持良好的加工性，水化过程中发育的最低温度上升，并产生重要性能如强度，抗渗性和耐久性。

大坝建设与传统的混凝土容易便于安装管道，压力管道，画廊等，在结构内。

（2）施工过程包括配料和混合，运输，安置，振动，冷却，固化，并准备电梯间的水平施工缝。

在重力坝大体积混凝土通常证明一个现场搅拌站，并需要足够的质量和数量，位于或项目的经济范围内的总根源。

一般是在水桶由卡车，铁路，起重机，索道，或这些方法的组合进行4至12立方码大小不等，从批次厂坝运输。

最大桶大小通常是通过有效地扩散和振动混凝土桩后它被从桶倾倒的能力受到限制。

混凝土被放置在5-升降机至10英尺的深度。

每部电梯由连续层不超过18至20英寸。

振动一般由大的人，气动，开钻式振动器进行。

保洁水平施工缝固化过程中去除表面上的薄弱浮浆薄膜的方法包括绿色切削，湿喷砂和高压气水射流。

传统的混凝土安置的其他详情载于EM 1110-2-2000。

（3）由于水泥水化产生的热量，需要在大体积混凝土的放置和放置几天后仔细的温度控制。

水利水电工程专业英语——河流工程篇

水利水电工程专业英语——河流工程篇1。

Some Problems Related to Alluvial Rivers(1)1。

与冲积河流相关的一些问题(1）Many of the earlier civilizations came into being the fertile valleys of large rivers. Civilizations prospered in the Nile valley in Egypt, along the Tigris and Eupharates rivers in Mesopotamia，along the Indus River. As early as 4000 B。

C. people built dams across the rivers to store water，dug canals for navigation purposes and also to carry water to the fields to produce much-needed food. Together with the problems associated with the irrigation works，these earlier civilizations were confronted with the problems of flood control and the Chinese had developed excellent systems of dikes for the protection of inhabited areas against floods。

很多早期的文明都孕育在大江大河的肥沃的河谷。

这些文明繁荣在在埃及尼罗河谷,沿着美索不达米亚的底格里斯河和幼发拉底河，沿着印度河流域。

早在公元前4000年，人们就横跨河流修建水坝来蓄水，以航运及将水带到农田以生产更加非常需要的事物为目的而开挖渠道.与同灌溉工程相关的问题一样，这些早期文明也面临着防洪的问题，而中国人则已经发展了防洪保护居住区的优秀堤防体系.Thus，since the dawn of civilization, mankind has faced problems associated with rivers，and solved them to the best of their ability。

水利水电工程专业英语_水工结构篇

水利水电工程专业英语——水工结构篇1. Planning Approach and its Physical Factors1.规划方法和物理因素Dams are one of the groups of important civil engineering work constructed by man for his physical, economic, and environmental betterment. This list also includes waterways, highways, bridges, pipelines, electrical transmission lines, dikes and levees, railroads, tunnels, jetties, breakwaters, docks, irrigation structures, recreational lakes, and others.大坝是重要的土建工程组之一，由人们以改善其物质、经济和环境的目的而建设。

其中还包括航道、公路、桥梁、管道、输电线路、堤坝和防洪堤、铁路、隧道、导流堤、防波堤、码头、灌溉建筑物、旅游湖泊，等等。

In almost every water project plan or situation one or more dams are important elements of a project plan. However, it is seldom that the dam is the sole or only facility. In a flood control plan, a dam and reservoir may be the only project works, but it is more likely accompanied advantageously with levees and other channel control works. In water supply-irrigation, municipal, industrial, and domestic-and in power generation, dams are one of a combination of project features needed to accomplish the desired project. In such cases, the dam cannot be justified independently of the other project facilities. To be economically, financially, socially, and environmentally justified it must be evaluated jointly with the group combination of project features and the total plan evaluated and judged as to its merit. Planning for a dam is one part of the planning process for the total project objective. The location, size, and design of a dam will be influenced, and often controlled, by the selection of the attainable and best warranted overall project plan.Physical factors of plan formulation include the followings:在几乎所有的水工程计划或选址中，一个或多个大坝对于一个项目计划来说是非常重要的因素。

水利水电工程专业英语——水文及水资源篇

水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。

它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。

与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。

The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。

水利水电工程专业英语Chapter 2 (25-38)

倍数的比较
• A is N times as large (long，heavy……）as B • A is N times larger (longer, heavier…) than B • A is larger (longer、heavier···) than B by N times
The oxygen atom is 16 times heavier than the hydrogen atom。氧原子的重量是氢原子的16倍。 This substance reacts three times as fast as the other one 这一物质的反应速度比另一物质快两倍。
倍数的减少
half as much as twice less than
• “比……少一半”或“比……少二分之一”
The new engine may use half as much oil as the old one。新引擎的油耗比旧引擎少一半。 The power output of the machine is twice less than its input。该机器的输出功率比输入功率小二分之一。
倍数的译法
as+形容词+as+数词+…… 动词+as+副词+数词+…… as large as+数词……可译成“大到(至)……" as many as十数词… 可译成“多达……” as high as+数词…… 可译成“高达……” as low as十数词…… 可译成“低到(至)……” The temperature of liquid nitrogen is as low as -196℃

水利水电工程专业英语——水工结构篇

其中还包括航道、公路、桥梁、管道、输电线路、堤坝和防洪堤、铁路、隧道、导流堤、防波堤、码头、灌溉建筑物、旅游湖泊，等等。

In almost every water project plan or situation one or more dams are important elements of a project plan. However, it is seldom that the dam is the sole or only facility. In a flood control plan, a dam and reservoir may be the only project works, but it is more likely accompanied advantageously with levees and other channel control works. In water supply-irrigation, municipal, industrial, and domestic-and in power generation, dams are one of a combination of project features needed to accomplish the desired project. In such cases, the dam cannot be justified independently of the other project facilities. To be economically, financially, socially, and environmentally justified it must be evaluated jointlywith the group combination of project features and the total plan evaluated and judged as to its merit. Planning for a dam is one part of the planning process for the total project objective. The location, size, and design of a dam will be influenced, and often controlled, by the selection of the attainable and best warranted overall project plan.Physical factors of plan formulation include the followings:在几乎所有的水工程计划或选址中，一个或多个大坝对于一个项目计划来说是非常重要的因素。

水利专业英语翻译部分

Lesson‎1 import‎a nce of water 水的重要性Water is best known and most abunda‎n t of all chemic‎a l compou‎n ds occurr‎i ng in relati‎v ely pure‎form‎on‎the‎earth’s‎surfac‎e. Oxygen‎,the most abunda‎n t chemic‎a l elemen‎t, is presen‎t in combin‎a tion with hydrog‎e n to the extent‎of 89 percen‎t in water. Water covers‎about three fourth‎s of the earth's surfac‎e and permea‎t es cracks‎of much solid land. The polar region‎s are overl a‎i d with vast quanti‎ti es of ice, and the atmosp‎here of the earth carrie‎s water vapor in quanti‎ti es from 0.1 percen‎t to 2 percen‎t by weight‎.It has been estima‎t ed that the amount‎of water in the atmosp‎h ere above a square‎mile of land on a mild summer‎day is of the order of 50,000 tons.在地球表面以‎相对纯的形式‎存在的一切化‎合物中，水是人们最熟‎悉的、最丰富的一种‎化合物。

在水中，氧这种最丰富‎的化学元素与‎氢结合，其含量多达8‎9%。

水利水电工程专业英语的阅读与翻译

-graph
表示写，画，记录结果
和用具
photograph 照片，monograph 专题，论文
-let
表示小
droplet 水滴，streamlet 小溪
-logy
表示学科
hydrology 水文学，geology 地质学
-meter
表示计，仪表
barometer 气压计，voltmeter 电压表
uni
单，
uniflow 单向流，unify 统一
vari
变化
variable 变量，可变的，variation 变化，偏差
vers
转，向
reverse 反向，transverse 横向
vis
看
visual 直观的，prevision 预见
（2）英语单词的词尾是接在词根后面的部分，一般地，词尾的意义比较狭窄和明确，常可根据词尾来判断英语中大
水利水电工程专业英语的阅读与翻译
水利水电工程
专业英语的阅读与翻译刘景植编
二 OO 四年十二月
水利水电工程专业英语的阅读与翻译
前言
当前，世界科学技术发展十分迅速，为了了解、学习和借鉴国外先进的科学技术，为我国的社会主义建设服务，需要
大量的阅读和翻译国外科技文献资料。另外，近年来和在以后的若干年内，我国在水利水电建设中，从国外引进了且
多数词的词类。
专业英语词汇中的一些常用的词尾：
词尾
意义
词例
Ⅰ、名词词尾
-age
表示抽象概念，量，性质，状态，行为等

水利水电工程专业英语段翻译

•Owing‎to the fact that elect‎r icit‎y can be trans‎m itte‎d from where‎it is gener‎a ted to where‎it is neede‎d by means‎of power‎lines‎and trans‎f orme‎r s, large‎power‎stati‎o ns can be built‎in remot‎e place‎s far fromindus‎t rial‎cente‎r s or large‎citie‎s, as is cited‎the case with hydro‎e lect‎r ic power‎stati‎o ns that are insep‎a rabl‎e from water‎sourc‎e s.•由于电力可‎以从发电的‎地方通过电‎线和变压器‎输送到需要‎用电的地方‎，因此大型电‎站可以建在‎远离工业中‎心或大城市‎的地方，离不开水源‎的水力发电‎站就常常是‎这样建立的‎。

Ideal‎l y suite‎d to narro‎w canyo‎n s compo‎s ed of rock, the archdam provi‎d es an econo‎m ical‎and effic‎i ent struc‎t ure to contr‎o lthe strea‎m flow. The load-carry‎i ng capac‎i ty of an arch damenabl‎e s the desig‎n er to conse‎r ve mater‎i al and still‎maint‎a in anextre‎m ely safe struc‎t ure.•拱坝最适合‎于修建在岩‎石峡谷中，它是一种控‎制河道中水‎流经济而有‎效的建筑物‎。

一座拱坝的‎承载能力足‎以使设计人‎员用较少的‎材料而仍能‎建成极为安‎全的结构。

建筑设计：水利水电工程专业(水文与水资源篇)中英文对照翻译

水利水电工程专业〔水文与水资源篇〕中英文对照翻译水利水电工程专业〔水文与水资源篇〕中英文对照翻译1. Hydrological Cycle and BudgetHydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and theirenvironmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。

它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。

与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。

The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Manysub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。

水利水电工程专业英语——水工结构篇

其中还包括航道、公路、桥梁、管道、输电线路、堤坝和防洪堤、铁路、隧道、导流堤、防波堤、码头、灌溉建筑物、旅游湖泊，等等。

水利水电工程专业英语段翻译

•Owing to the fact that electricity can be transmitted from where it is generated to where it is needed by means of power lines and transformers, large power stations can be built in remote places far from industrial centers or large cities, as is cited the case with hydroelectric power stations that are inseparable from water sources.•由于电力可以从发电的地方通过电线和变压器输送到需要用电的地方，因此大型电站可以建在远离工业中心或大城市的地方，离不开水源的水力发电站就常常是这样建立的。

Ideally suited to narrow canyon s composed of rock, the arch dam provides an economical and efficient structure to control the stream flow. The load-carrying capacity of an arch damenables the designer to conserve material and still maintain an extremely safe structure.•拱坝最适合于修建在岩石峡谷中，它是一种控制河道中水流经济而有效的建筑物。

一座拱坝的承载能力足以使设计人员用较少的材料而仍能建成极为安全的结构。

•The general theory of arch dam design is comparatively new and changing rapidly as more information is obtained. Engineers have cautiously applied mathematical theory, the law of mechanics, and theories of elasticity to reduce the thickness of arch dams and gain substantial economies.•拱坝的一般设计理论比较新颖，同时在获得更多的资料之后，理论的变化也很迅速。

水利水电工程专业英语——水工结构篇

水利水电工程专业英语——水工结构篇1. Planning Approach and its Physical Factors1.规划方法和物理因素Dams are one of the groups of important civil engineering work constructed by man for his physical, economic, and environmental betterment. This list also includes waterways，highways，bridges，pipelines, electrical transmission lines，dikes and levees，railroads，tunnels，jetties, breakwaters，docks, irrigation structures，recreational lakes，and others.大坝是重要的土建工程组之一，由人们以改善其物质、经济和环境的目的而建设.其中还包括航道、公路、桥梁、管道、输电线路、堤坝和防洪堤、铁路、隧道、导流堤、防波堤、码头、灌溉建筑物、旅游湖泊，等等。

In almost every water project plan or situation one or more dams are important elements of a project plan。

However，it is seldom that the dam is the sole or only facility. In a flood control plan, a dam and reservoir may be the only project works，but it is more likely accompanied advantageously with levees and other channel control works. In water supply—irrigation，municipal，industrial，and domestic—and in power generation, dams are one of a combination of project features needed to accomplish the desired project. In such cases, the dam cannot be justified independently of the other project facilities。

水利水电专业毕业论文文献翻译中英文对照[管理资料]

DamThe first dam for which there are reliable records was build or the Nile River sometime before 4000 . It was used to divert the Nile and provide a site for the ancient city of Memphis .The oldest dam still in use is the Almanza Dam in Spain, which was constructed in the sixteenth century. With the passage of time,materials and methods of construction have improved. Making possible the erection of such large dams as the Nurek Dam, which is being constructed in the . on the vaksh River near the border of Afghanistan. This dam will be 1017ft(333m) high, of earth and rock fill. The failure of a dam may cause serious loss of life and property; consequently, the design and maintenance of dams are commonly under government surveillance. In the United States over 30,000 dams are under the control of state authorities. The 1972 Federal Dams Safety Act (PL92-367)requires periodic inspections of dams by qualified experts. The failure of the Teton Dam in Idaho in June 1976 added to the concern for dam safety in the United States.1 Type of DamsDams are classified on the type and materials of construction, as gravity, arch, buttress ,and earth .The first three types are usually constructed of concrete. A gravity dam depends on its own weight for stability and it usually straight in plan although sometimes slightly curved.Arch dams transmit most of the horizontal thrust of the water behind them to the abutments by arch action and have thinner cross sections than comparable gravity dams. Arch dams can be used only in narrow canyons where the walls are capable of withstanding the thrust produced by the arch action. The simplest of the many types of buttress dams is the slab type, which consists of sloping flat slabs supported at intervals by buttresses. Earth dams are embankments of rock or earth with provision for controlling seepage by means of dam may be included in a single structure. Curved dams may combine both gravity and arch action to achieve stability. Long dams often have a concrete river section containing spillway and sluice gates and earth or rock-fill wing dams for the remainder of their length.The selection of the best type of dam for a given site is a problem in both engineering feasibility and cost. Feasibility is governed by topography, geology and climate. For example, because concrete spalls when subjected to alternate freezing and thawing, arch and buttress dams with thin concrete section are sometimes avoided in areas subject to extreme cold. The relative cost of the various types of dams depends mainly on the availability of construction materials near the site and the accessibility of transportation facilities. Dams are sometimes built in stages with the second or late stages constructed a decade or longer after the first stage.The height of a dam is defined as the difference in elevation between the roadway, or spillway crest, and the lowest part of the excavated foundation. However, figures quoted for heights of dams are often determined in other ways. Frequently the height is taken as the net height is taken as the net height above the old riverbed.on damsA dam must be relatively impervious to water and capable of resisting the forces acting on it. The most important of these forces are gravity (weight of dam) , hydrostatic pressure, uplift, ice pressure, and earthquake forces are transmitted to the foundation and abutments of the dam, which react against the dam with an equal and opposite force, the foundation reaction. The effect of hydrostatic forces caused by water flowing over the dam may require consideration in special cases.The weight of a dam is the product of its volume and the specific weight of the material. The line of action of dynamic force passes through the center of mass of the cross section. Hydrostatic force may act on both the upstream and downstream faces of the dam. The horizontal componentH of the hydrostatic force is the force or unit width of damhit is2/2HrhhWhere r is the specific weight of water and h is the depth of water .The line of action of this force is h/3 above the base of thedam .The vertical component of the hydrostatic force is equal to the weigh of water vertically above the face of the dam and passes through the center of gravity of this volume of water.Water under pressure inevitably finds its way between the dam And its foundation and creates uplift pressures. The magnitude of the uplift force depends on the character of the foundation and the construction methods. It is often assumed that the uplift pressure varies linearly from full hydrostatic pressure at the upstream face (heel)to full tail-water pressure at the downstream face (toe).For this assumption the uplift force U isU=r(h1+h2)t/2Where t is the base thickness of the dam and h1and h2 are the water depths at the heel and toe of the dam,respectively. The uplift force will act through the center of area of the pressure trapezoid.Actual measurements on dams indicate that the uplift force is much less than that given by Eq.(2)Various assumption have been made regarding the distribution of uplift of Reclamation sometimes assumes that the uplift pressure on gravity dams varies linearly from two-thirds of full uplift at the heel to zero at the toe. Drains are usually provided near the heel of the dam to permit the escape of seepage water and relieve uplift.译文：坝据可靠记载，世界上第一座坝是公元前4000年以前在尼罗河上修建的。

毕业设计水利水电工程英文文献翻译

外文文献：hydraulicturbines and hydro-electric powerAbstractPower may be developed from water by three fundamental processes : by action of its weight, of its pressure，or of its velocity, or by a combination of any or all three. In modern practice the Pelton or impulse wheel is the only type which obtains power by a single process the action of one or more high—velocity jets. This type of wheel is usually found in high—head developments。

Faraday had shown that when a coil is rotated in a magnetic field electricity is generated. Thus, in order to produce electrical energy，it is necessary that we should produce mechanical energy，which can be used to rotate the ‘coil’. The mechanical energy is produced by running a prime mover （known as turbine ）by the energy of fuels or flowing water。

This mechanical power is converted into electrical power by electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of turbine and is thus run by turbine。

水利水电工程专业英语——水文及水资源篇

它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。

与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。

水利水电工程专业英语——水工结构篇

水利水电工程专业英语-—水工结构篇1。

Planning Approach and its Physical Factors1.规划方法和物理因素Dams are one of the groups of important civil engineering work constructed by man for his physical, economic, and environmental betterment。

This list also includes waterways, highways，bridges, pipelines, electrical transmission lines，dikes and levees, railroads，tunnels, jetties，breakwaters，docks，irrigation structures, recreational lakes, and others。

大坝是重要的土建工程组之一，由人们以改善其物质、经济和环境的目的而建设。

其中还包括航道、公路、桥梁、管道、输电线路、堤坝和防洪堤、铁路、隧道、导流堤、防波堤、码头、灌溉建筑物、旅游湖泊，等等。

In almost every water project plan or situation one or more dams are important elements of a project plan。

However, it is seldom that the dam is the sole or only facility. In a flood control plan, a dam and reservoir may be the only project works，but it is more likely accompanied advantageously with levees and other channel control works。