2011年12月英语六级完形填空真题原文
2011年12月英语四六级真题及答案专题
[作文作文] ]2011年12月英语四六级真题及答案专题作文：Nothing succeeds without a strong willThere is a prev There is a prevalent joke around young people saying that ‘quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world, and alent joke around young people saying that ‘quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world, and I’ve done it for hundreds of times.’ This seemingly funny statement ironically reflects the fact that the determination of most youngsters is oftentimes started with enthusiasm, but the passion becomes increasingly weaker each day, and then diminishes as if there has been no such thing at all.It is obvious that their failure in ‘quitting smoking’ and decline of determination are all ascribed to their lack of will. will. Initially, Initially, Initially, every every success success involves involves involves several several several stages stages stages of of setbacks setbacks and and and risks, risks, risks, and and and we we need to summon summon up up up our our will will to to conquer them. them. Moreover, Moreover, Moreover, there there there are are are enormous enormous enormous temptation temptation temptation in in in our our our path path path of of of pursuit pursuit pursuit of of of success. success. success. For For For instance, instance, instance, when when when we we we plan plan plan to to to quit quit quit smoking, smoking, our roommates may smoke freely in front of us; when we are eager to keep fit, our close friends may invite us to have late night snacks. Under these occasions, only strong will can assist us to resist the temptation, and persist in chasing our goals until we triumphantly realize them.In short, no dream will successfully come true if we do not have strong will. An old famous proverb says that ‘ where there is a will, there is a way’. Let us bear this motton in mind no matter how many thunders and thorns are on our roads ahead, then we will be successful with such precious and powerful spirit.[快速阅读快速阅读] ]快速阅读原文：原文：Why Integrity Matters Why Integrity Matters【【查看原文出处】What is Integrity? ①.Thekey to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. ②.Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. ③.We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one whofails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. ④.But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone ⑤.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test:could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a goo indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as wel as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. ⑥.Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong."0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no cont over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It--Or Not A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an ⑦.Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price.education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also becaus it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but regardless of the effect on ⑧.a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade,others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. ⑨.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, ⑩.Watergate, have Such incidents take a undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole.tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we a with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live. 解析：1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______. A) sticks to them in their daily lifeB) makes them known to others C) understands their true values D)sees that others also follow them 选择 sticks to them in their daily life选择定位在原文第一段，文中说正直(integrity)的关键是一致性(consistency)，不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则，还要每天都坚守。
2011年12月大学英语六级(CET6)真题和答案【打印版】
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案Part I：Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Way to Success注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever builta spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search).But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask."In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," saysBlofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011年12月六级真题
2011年12月六级真题Part I WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Use of Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1.目前塑料袋存在的问题2.减少使用塑料袋的重要性3.如何做到减少使用塑料袋Excessive Use of Plastic BagsIn recent years, the excessive use of plastic bags has become a topic of great concern. Plastic bags are lightweight, convenient, and inexpensive to produce, which explains their popularity across the globe. However, their convenience comes at a significant cost to the environment.The problems associated with plastic bags are numerous. Firstly, plastic bags are non-biodegradable, which means they will persist in the environment for hundreds of years, causing serious pollution. They are often littered and end up in water bodies, where they pose a threat to marine life. Secondly, plastic bags are derived from fossil fuels, contributing to the depletion of non-renewable resources and exacerbating climate change.Reducing the use of plastic bags is of paramount importance. Firstly, it can help alleviate environmental pollution. By using reusable shopping bags made of cloth or fabric, we can significantly decrease the demand for plastic bags and reduce the amount of waste generated. This, in turn, can minimize the harmful effects on the ecosystem and protect marine life.Moreover, reducing the use of plastic bags can help conserve non-renewable resources. The production of plastic bags relies heavily on fossil fuels, which are finite and will eventually run out. By using alternative materials or adopting sustainable practices like utilizing biodegradable bags, we can ensure the sustainable use of resources for future generations.To achieve the goal of reducing plastic bag usage, several steps can be taken. Firstly, governments should introduce regulations or impose taxes on plastic bags to deter their use. This approach has proved effective in countries like Ireland, where a plastic bag tax has resulted in a significant reduction in usage. Secondly, promoting education and raising public awareness is crucial. By educating the public about theharms of plastic bags and the benefits of alternative options, individuals can make informed choices and actively participate in reducing plastic bag consumption.In conclusion, the excessive use of plastic bags has severe consequences for the environment and the sustainable use of resources. It is a collective responsibility to address this issue. By reducing plastic bag usage through regulatory measures, education, and public awareness campaigns, we can contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.11. W: How’s your Chinese food?M: Wonderful. I love Chinese food. Actually, I learned how to cook Chinese dishes when I was in China.Q: What did the man do in China?12. W: Excuse me, is there a bus stop nearby?M: Yes, go straight for about two blocks. The bus stop is right over there.Q: What does the man mean?… （更多内容请访问 Markdown 文档）。
2011年12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there willbe a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A) Cancel the trip to prepare for the test.B) Review his notes once he arrives in Chicago.C) Listen to the recorded notes while driving.D) Prepare for the test after the wedding.12. A) The woman will help the man remember the lines.B) The man lacks confidence in playing the part.C) The man hopes to change his role in the play.D) The woman will prompt the man during the show.13. A) Preparations for an operation. C) Arranging a bed for a patient.B) A complicated surgical case. D) Rescuing the woman's uncle.14. A) He is interested in improving his editing skills.B) He is eager to be nominated the new editor.C) He is sure to do a better job than Simon.D) He is too busy to accept more responsibility.15. A) He has left his position in the government.B) He has already reached the retirement age.C) He made a stupid decision at the cabinet meeting.D) He has been successfully elected Prime Minister.16. A) This year's shuttle mission is a big step in space exploration.B) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.C) The shuttle flight will be broadcast live worldwide.D) The man is excited at the news of the shuttle flight.17. A) At an auto rescue center. C) At a suburban garage.B) At a car renting company. D) At a mountain camp.18. A) He got his speakers fixed. C) He listened to some serious musicB) He went shopping with the woman. D) He bought a stereo system.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Providing aid to the disabled.B) Printing labels for manufactured goods.C) Promoting products for manufacturers.D) Selling products made for left-handers.20. A) Most of them are specially made for his shop.B) All of them are manufactured in his own plant.C) The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design.D) About half of them are unavailable on the market.21. A) They specialise in one product only. C) They run chain stores in central London.B) They have outlets throughout Britain. D) They sell by mail order only.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) It publishes magazines. C) It runs sales promotion campaigns.B) It sponsors trade fairs. D) It is engaged in product design.23. A) The ad specifications had not been given in detail.B) The woman's company made last-minute changes.C) The woman's company failed to make payments in time.D) Organising the promotion was really time-consuming.24. A) Extend the campaign to next year. C) Run another four-week campaign.B) Cut the fee by half for this year. D) Give her a 10 percent discount.25. A) Stop negotiating for the time being. C) Reflect on their respective mistakesB) Calm down and make peace. D) Improve their promotion plans.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you heara question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案经典版(word可打印)
PartⅠWriting(30 minutes)1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate CrazePart II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever.Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills,the president of Bowdoin College,was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students.Since 2003 the small,elite liberal arts school in Brunswick,Maine,has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8%to 13%."It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places,"he told a NEWSWEEK reporter.But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities.While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years,only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college,it now looks like America,"says Hilary Pennington,director of postsecondary programs for the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation,which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education."But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma,it's still largely the white,upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation.Now it stands 10th.For the first time in American history,there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one.The graduation rate among 25-to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the55-to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago.Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college–but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams.The graduation rates for blacks,Latinos,and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians.As the minority population grows in the United States,low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities.In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison–one of the top five or so prestigious public universities–graduated 81%of its white students within six years,but only 56%of its blacks.At less-selective state schools,the numbers get worse.During the same time frame,the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67%of its white students,but only 39%of its munity colleges have low graduation rates generally–but rock-bottom rates for minorities.A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees,only 15%of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better,partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention.But when it comes to a significant graduation gap,Bowdoin has company.Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006.Middlebury College in Vermont,another topschool,had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006.The most selective private schools–Harvard,Yale,and Princeton–show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates.But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students.According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier,the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years,particularly the more selective schools,by saying the responsibility is on the individual student,"says Pennington of the Gates Foundation."If they fail,it's their fault."Some critics blame affirmative action–students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools.But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are"undermatched":they could get into more elite,richer schools,but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them.Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill–knowing full well that the students won't make it."The school keeps the money,but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job.Colleges are not holding up their end,"says AmyWilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive.Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation.In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university–after financial aid–equaled 28%of median(中间的)family income,while a four-year private university cost 76%of median family income.More and more scholarships are based on merit,not need.Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers.Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates.Professors would begin the year by saying,"Look to the right and look to the left.One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year."But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap.At the University of Wisconsin-Madison,the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years.The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor(严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom–and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified.Wisconsin has a"laserlike focus"on building up student skills in the first three months,according to vice provost(教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere bybroadly publishing minority graduation rates.For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepara tory courses.The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade,using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills.Such pro grams can be expensive,of course,but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money,the graduation gap can be closed.Washington and Lee is a small,selective school in Lexington,Va.Its student body is less than 5%black and less than 2%Latino.While the school usually graduated about 90%of its whites,the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63%by 2007."We went through a dramatic shift,"says Dawn Watkins,the vice president for student affairs.The school aggressively pushed mentoring(辅导)of minorities by other students and"partnering"with parents at a special pre-enrollment session.The school had its first-ever black st spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites.If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race,it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities,not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011年12月英语六级(CET-6)考试真题及答案(估分)-中大网校
2011年12月英语六级(CET-6)考试真题及答案(估分) 总分：710分及格：426分考试时间：140分Part I Writing(1)Part II Reading Comprehension快速阅读 单选题(1)阅读以下短文回答{TSE}题(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)快速阅读填空题(1)(2)(3)Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)听力选择题(1)<p> 点击播放听力音频：<embed height="56" type="audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin" width="300" src="/m2/tingli/cet6/lnzt/201112cet6.mp3" autostart="false" /> </p><p> </embed/>根据所听材料，回答{TSE}题(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)根据所听材料，回答{TSE}题(10)(11)(12)根据所听材料，回答{TSE}题(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)根据所听材料，回答{TSE}题(21)(22)(23)根据所听材料，回答{TSE}题(24)(25)听力填空题(1)根据所听材料，回答{TSE}题(2)第37题(3)第38题(4)第39题(5)第40题(6)第41题(7)第42题(8)第43题(9)第44题(10)第45题(11)第46题Part III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）仔细阅读 填空题(1)阅读以上短文，回答{TSE}题(2)(3)(4)(5)仔细阅读 选择题(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)阅读以上短文，回答{TSE}题(7)(8)(9)(10)Part V CLOZE (1)阅读以上短文，回答{TSE}题(2)答案(3)答案(4)答案(5)答案(6)答案(7)答案(8)答案(9)答案(10)答案(11)答案(12)答案(13)答案(14)答案(15)答案(16)答案(17)答案(18)答案(19)答案(20)答案Part VI Translation （5 minutes）(1)翻译以下{TSE}题(2)(3)(4)(5)答案和解析Part I Writing (1) :Part II Reading Comprehension快速阅读 单选题(1) :B(2) :B(3) :C(4) :D(5) :B(6) :B(7) :D快速阅读填空题(1) :(2) :(3) :Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)听力选择题(1) :A(2) :C(3) :A(4) :A(5) :C(6) :D(7) :A(8) :(9) :无(10) :无(11) :无(12) :无(13) :无(14) :无(15) :无(16) :D(17) :C(18) :C(19) :A(20) : D(21) :A(22) :B(23) :D(24) :C(25) :B听力填空题(1) :(2) :(3) :(4) :(5) :(7) :(8) :(9) :(10) :(11) :Part III Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）仔细阅读 填空题(1) :(2) :(3) :(4) :(5) :仔细阅读 选择题(1) :(2) :A(3) :C(4) :C(6) :A(7) :B(8) :A(9) :A(10) :CPart V CLOZE(1) :B(2) :A(3) :D(4) :D(5) :C(6) :C(7) :C(8) :B(9) :C(10) :B(11) :A(12) :A(13) :A(14) :C(15) :B(16) :C(17) :D(18) :A(19) :B(20) :BPart VI Translation （5 minutes）(1) :(2) :(3) :(4) :(5) :。
11年12月英语六级真题及答案(完整版+免费版)[1]
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Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Way to Success注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentenceswith the information given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all thoseout-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organize the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we have never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have leveled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Danton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public,not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jaundice and Jaundice case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are英语六级protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search).But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defense, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Bluffed, of the Sheila Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering task."In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached anout-of-court settlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 3853pages– and trying to summarize it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," says Bluffed, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer license. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelman, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is no known copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer license.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far英语六级as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gerick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011年12月六级完形填空真题原文The Truth About Plastic
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月CET6真题参考答案The Way to SuccessJust as the old saying goes“Good beginning is half done”,illustrating the importance and necessity of the preparation work on the condition that you have the longing for the success.A great proportion of individuals hold the view that preparation makes an essential part of in the process of achievement;on the contrary,the other parts of persons are in favor of the idea that the previous arrangement is a minor factor for success.The essentiality of the preparation work is able to be accounted by the following example.As a matter of fact,the method accounts more than the results for the majority of situations,For instance,a student who wants to win outstanding academic performance ought to learn the effective and reasonable methods and approaches for memory and comprehension of the subjects such as physics,chemistry,mathematics and so on.The workers in the factories should learn to master the technique of operating the machines beforehand and in this way can they produce the qualified goods and merchandises.Generally speaking，Lincoln’s remark“give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four hours sharpening the axe”reveals the imperative of makepreparation.Undoubtedly,only by arranging beforehand can we achieve success whenever we face the perplexing and tough situations.1.Google claims its plan for the world’s biggest online library is_____【答案】B.to serve the interest of the general public2.According to Santiago de la Mora,Google’s book-scanning project will【答案】B.broaden humanity’s intellectual horizons3.Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books should be controlledby_______.【答案】C.non-profit organizations4.【答案】D.the copyright of the books it scanned给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。
2011六级完形填空真题
有组织的志愿工作和工作经验一直是大学学位课程的重要伙伴。
通常，雇主可以从毕业生简历中的课外冒险列表中推断出潜力，但现在布里斯托尔大学已经发起了一项奖励，以正式确定那些在课程之外开展活动的学生的成就。
布里斯托尔Plus旨在通过帮助他们获得工作和生活技能以及学历，促进学生在竞争日益激烈的就业市场中脱颖而出。
"Our students are a pretty active bunch一群but we found that they didn't necessarily appreciate the value of what they did outside the lecture hall," says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability n. 可用性；适于雇用；受雇就业能力at the university. "Employers are much more demanding than they used to be. They used to look for potential and saw it as part of their job to extract摘录；提取；拔出；榨出；选取[计算机] 提取.n. 摘录；精华；榨出物t he value of an applicant's skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are relevant to the job."“我们的学生是非常活跃的人，但我们发现他们不一定会欣赏他们在演讲厅外所做的事情的价值，”该大学职业与就业能力主管杰夫古德曼说。
“雇主的要求比以前要高很多，他们过去一直在寻找潜力，并把它看作是提升申请人技能价值的一部分，现在他们希望学生能够解释为什么这些技能与工作相关。
2011年12月英语六级(CET6)真题
快速阅读1. A) To cut students’ expenses.2. B) college facilities could be put to more effective use.3. C) suppresses creative thinking4. A) Its students have to earn more credits each year.5. B) It has been running for several decades.6. B) More students have Advanced Placement credits.7. A) Students don’t have much time to roam intellectually.8. the core curriculum9. stay competitive and relevant10. bright, motivated students听力短对话11.W: Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for 4 weeks?M: Y eah. She injured her spine in a fall and a doctor told her to lie flat on her back for a month so it can mend.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?【答案】A) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.【解析】此题为细节题。
从对话中可知，Anna摔倒导致脊椎受伤，医生让其卧床休息一个月。
12.M: A famous Russian ballet is coming to town next weekend. But I can’t find a ticket anywhere.W: Don’t be upset. My sister just happened to have one and she can’t go since she has got some sort of conflict in her schedule.Q: What does the woman mean?【答案】C) She can get a ballet ticket for the man.【解析】此题为推理题。
11年12月英语六级真题及答案（完整版+免费版）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)The Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You200 words.should write at least 150 words but no more than The Way to Success注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 m Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer th Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the questions on A nswer Sheet 1.four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for on, after decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall missiall, is to "organize the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books. The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing thi s for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist toda we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge." Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic (慈善的慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we hav never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders." It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have leveled two sets of criticisms at Google. First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Danton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them. The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jaundice and Jaundice case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward. At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowings 70 years.) This the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period imeans, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print. Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thuin the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search). But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defense, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making ders, Google electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holhas committed piracy. "The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Bluffed, of the Sheila Land – it has simply copied all these works literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this without bothering task." In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched 集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, class action suit (集团诉讼ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying to summarize it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," says Bluffed, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics. Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future. This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer license. It is these commercia provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect. Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelman, associate professor at New Y ork Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling. Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is n known copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer license. enacted (执行It is by no means certain that the settlement will be 执行) – it is the subject of fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world. No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained b scanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gerick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
英语六级完形填空真题原文
2011年12月英语六级完形填空真题原文:塑料的真相If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident resolved to cut plastics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about what the chemicals leaching out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic refuse was doing to the environment. So she hopped on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't include plastic. "I went in and barely bought anything," Haegele says. She did purchase some canned food and a carton of milk--only to discover later that both containers were lined with plastic resin. "Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."She's right. Back when Dustin Hoffman received the most famous one-word piece of career advice in cinema history, plastic was well on its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005--27 million tons of which ended up in landfills. Our food and water come wrapped in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes we ride in. But the infinitely adaptable substance has its dark side. Environmentalists fret about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of toxic chemicals making their way from household plastic into children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life--she isn't even the only one blogging about this kind of endeavor. But those who've tried know it's far from easy to go plastic-free. "These things are so ubiquitous that it is practically impossible to avoid coming into contact with them," says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri.2011年12月英语六级听力短对话原文(新东方版11.A: I don’t know what to do. I have to drive to Chicago next Friday for my cousin’s wedding but I’ve got a psychology test to prepare for.B: Why don’t you record yo ur notes so that you can study on the way?Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?12.A: Professor Right, you may have to find another student to play this role. The lines are so long and I simply can’t remember them all.B: Look, Tony. It’s still a long time before the first show. I don’t expect you to know all the lines yet. Just keep practicing.Q: what do we learn from the conversation?13.A: Hello. This is Doctor Martin from the Emergency Department. I have a male patient with a fractured ankle.B: Oh, we have one bed available in Ward 3. Send him here and I’ll take care of him.Q: What are the speakers talking about?14.A: Since Simon will graduate this May, the school paper needs a new editor. So if you are interested, I will be happy to nominate you.B: Thanks for considering me, but the baseball team is starting up a new season and I’m afraid I’d have a lot on my hands.Q: What does the man mean?15.A: Have you heard the news that James Mill has resigned his post as Prime Minster?B: Well, I g ot it from the headlines this morning. It’s reported that he made pubic his decision at the last cabinet meeting.Q: What do we learn about James Mill?16.A: The morning paper says the space shuttle is taking off at 10 am tomorrow.。
2011年12月英语六级真题及答案详解
2011年12月大学英语六级真题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famousremark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the firstfour sharpening the axe." You should write at least150words but no morethan200words.The Way to Success注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy?In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard tomake digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from librariesin America and Europe - including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. Theexact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all thoseout-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world's information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books.The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. "This really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. "Google's core business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we havenever builta spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify the amount I am spending to the company's founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving theworld's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University's library, argued that becausesuch books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodiesshould be given the power to control them.The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact aboutmost books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protectedby copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends forthe duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course,that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian's first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books Search).But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyright– arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied onlyonce authors have expressly given their permission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask."In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages– and trying tosummarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," saysBlofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors andpublishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's role from provider of information to seller. "Google's business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at NewYork Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is noknown copyright holder – these make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence.It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) – it is the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as faras copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in the years to come.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
六级历年完形填空真题及答案(供参考)
2012年12月英语六级完形填空及翻译真题与答案Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.“My job is killing me.”Who among us hasn't issued that complaint at least once? Now a new study suggests that your dramatic complaint may ____62____ some scientific truth.The 20-year study, by researchers at Tel Aviv University, _____63______ to examine the relationship between the workplace and a person's risk of death. Researchers _____64_____ 820 adults who had undergone a ______65____ physical exam at a health clinic in 1988, and then interviewed them _____66_____ detail about their workplace conditions—asking how nice their colleagues were, whether their boss was supportive and how much ______67_____ they had in their position.The participants_____68_____ in age from 25 to 65 at the start of the study and worked in a variety of ____69___, including finance, health care, manufacturing and insurance. The researchers _____70______ the participants through their medical records: by the study's conclusion in 2008, 53 people had died—and they were significantly more likely than those who survived to report having a ____71____ work environment.People who reported having little or no ____72____ support from their co-workers were 2.4 times more likely to die ____73____ the course of the study than those who said they had close, supportive _____74_____ with their workmates. Interestingly, the risk of death was _____75_____ only to people's perceptions of their co-workers, not their bosses . People who reported negative relationships with their supervisors were ____76____ likely to die than others.The study was observational, _____77____ it could not determine whether toxic workplace environments caused death, only that it was _____78____ with the risk. But the findings add to the evidence ______79_______ having a supportive social network decreases stress and helps_____80____ good health. On the other hand, being exposed _____81_____ chronic stress contributes to depression, ill health and death.62. A) hold B) strike C) risk D)trace63. A)fought )submittedC)soughtB D)resorted64. A)allied B)arrayed C)volunteeredD)recruited65. A)routine B)nominal C)grave D)drastic66. A)beyond B)in C)by D)over67. A)autonomy B)automation C)audienceD)authenticity68. A)consisted B)contained C)involvedD)ranged69. A)facets B)fields C)districts D)species70. A)chased B)pursued C)tracked D)trailed71. A)cozy B)fabulous C)hostile D)transparent72. A)social B)academicC)physical D)domestic73. A)against B)across C)inside D)during74. A)pactsB)bonds C)unions D)webs75. A)addedB)adapted C)tied D)led76. A)no more B)far more C)no less D)far less77. A)unless B)while C)or D)so78. A)constructed B)correlated C)collaborated D)coordinated79. A)howB)when C)that D)why80. A)elevateB)inject C)propel D)foster81. A)at B)to C)toward D)under查看参考答案参考答案62-66CBCAB67-71ADBCD72-76DDCAB77-81ACBDA2012年6月英语六级完形填空及翻译真题与答案Part V CloseDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D)on the right side of paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.Music produces profound and lasting changes in the brain. Schools should add music classes, not cut them. Nearly 20 years ago, a small study advanced the 62 that listening to Mozart’s Sonatafor Two Pianos in D Major could boost mental functioning. It was not long 63 trademarked “Mozart effect” products began to appeal to anxious parents aiming to put toddlers (刚学步的孩子) 64 the fast track to prestigious universities like Harvard and Yale. Georgia’s governor even 65 giving every newborn there a classical CD or cassette.The 66 for Mozart therapy turned out to be weak, perhaps nonexistent, although the 67 study never claimed anything more than a temporary and limited effect. In recent years, 68 , scientists have examined the benefits of a concerted 69 to study and practice music, as 70 to playing a Mozart CD or a computer-based“brain fitness” game 71 in a while.Advanced monitoring 72 have enabled scientists to see what happens 73 your head when you listen to your mother and actually practice the violin for an hour every afternoon. And they have found that music 74 can produce profound and lasting changes that 75 the general ability to learn. These results should 76 public officials that music classes are not a mere decoration, ripe for discarding in the budget crises that constantly 77 public schools.Studies have shown that 78 instrument training from an early age can help the brain to 79 sounds better, making it easier to stay focused when absorbing other subjects, from literature to mathematics. The musically adept (擅长的)are better able to 80 on a biology lesson despite the noise in the classroom 81 , a few years later, to finish a call with a client when a colleague in the next office starts screaming a subordinate. They can attend to several things at once in the mental scratch pad called working memory, an essential skill in this era of multitasking.62.A)notice B)note C)notion D)notification63.A)that B)until C)since D)Before64.A)up B)by C)on D)at65.A)propelled B) proposed C) submitted D)subjected66.A)witness B) evidence C) symptom D)context67.A)subtle B) elementary C) sensitive D)original68.A)however B)moreover C) then D)therefore69.A)effort B)impulse C) object D)attention70.A)opposed B)accustomed C) related D)devoted71.A)quite B)once C) often D)much72.A)organisms B)techniques C) mechanisms D)mechanics73.A)upon B)amid C) among D)inside74.A)subjects B)models C) causes D)lessons75.A)enhance B)introduce C) accelerate D)elaborate76.A)contend B) convey C) conceive D)convince77.A)trouble B)transform C) distract D)disclose78.A)urgent B)casual C) diligent D)solemn79.A)proceed B)process C) prefer D)predict80.A)count B)concentrate C) insist D)depend81.A)but B)or C) for D)so查看参考答案参考答案参考答案：62.C)notion63. D)before64. C)on65. B)proposed66. B)evidence67. D)original68. A)however69.A)effort70. A)opposed71. B)once72. B)techniques73. D)inside74. D)lessons75.A)enhance76. D)convince77. A)trouble78. C)diligent79. B)process80. B)concentrate81. B)or2011年12月英语六级完形填空及翻译真题与答案Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2011年12月英语六级答案解析
2011年12月大学英语六级考试答案解析Part I Writing【标准版】The Way to SuccessSuccess is something everyone looks for,longs for and dies for.But have you ever considered what success is? Some may hold that success means one has beautiful life,like pretty house,cool cars and great power.It’s indeed one way to define success.But to me,success is doing something one really feels like doing.To achieve this kind of success,one has to bear in mind three essential prerequisites,namely knowing where your interest really lies in,possessing the strong will to pursue your interest and having the diligence to realize your dream.In other words,they are“what”“why”and“how”of success.It’s really luckily good for one,especially for the younger generation of today to find their dreams,follow them and in the end,make them come true andbecome successful.Although it’s never easy to succeed,progressing with the strong will and diligence towards the right direction,you’ll be the one!【作文解析】这是一篇议论文。
12月英语六级真题及答案
2011年12月英语六级真题及答案试题如下：答案如下:翻译：The Way to SuccessJust as the old saying goes “Good beginning is half done”, illustrating the importance and necessity of the preparation work on the condition that you have the longing for the success .A great proportion of individuals hold the view that preparation makes an essent ial part of in the process of achievement; on the contrary, the other parts of persons are i n favor of the idea that the previous arrangement is a minor factor for success.The essentiality of the preparation work is able to be accounted by the following exa mple .As a matter of fact, the method accounts more than the results for the majority of situations, For instance, a student who wants to win outstanding academic performance ou ght to learn the effective and reasonable methods and approaches for memory and compre hension of the subjects such as physics, chemistry, mathematics and so on. The workers i n the factories should learn to master the technique of operating the machines beforehand and in this way can they produce the qualified goods and merchandises.Generally speaking ，Lincoln’s remark “give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four hours sharpening the axe ”reveals the imperative of make prepar ation .Undoubtedly, only by arranging beforehand can we achieve success whenever we fa ce the perplexing and tough situations.1. Google claims its plan for the worl d’s biggest online library is _____【答案】B. to serve the interest of the general public2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google’s book-scanning project will【答案】B. broaden humanity’s intellectual horizons3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's books shou ld be controlledby_______.【答案】C. non-profit organizations4.【答案】D. the copyright of the books it scanned5. 【答案】B. the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use6.【答案】B. It was settle after more than two years of negotiation.7. 【答案】D. The commercial provision of the settlement8. 【答案】Providing information for free9. 【答案】orphan works10. 【答案】change the world’s book market11.【答案】A)Listen to the recorded notes while driving.12.【答案】C)The man lacks confidence in playing the part.13.【答案】A)Arranging a bed for a patient.14.【答案】A)He is too busy to accept more responsibility.Section A11.【答案】A) Listen to the recorded notes while driving.12.【答案】C) The man lacks confidence in playing the part.13.【答案】A) Arranging a bed for a patient14.【答案】A) He is too busy to accept more responsibility.15. 【答案】C) He has left his position in the government.16. 【答案】D) The man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.17. 【答案】A) At a car renting company26 What does the passage say about most of the mice used for experiments?【答案】D)They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.27 Why did the so-called bad mice have to be captured and destroyed?【答案】C) They may affect the results of experiments.28 When are mice killed without prior approval?【答案】C) When they become escapees.29 Why does the speaker say what the Herzau’s did at home is ironical?【答案】A)While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse, they were killing pest mice.30. What does the speaker say about the natives of New York?【答案】D) They take it for granted.31. What does the speaker say commuters give to New York?【答案】A) Tidal restlessness.32. What do we learn about the settlers of New York?【答案】B) They are adventurers from all over the world.33. As the speaker walked into the living room, what was being shown on TV?【答案】D) A murder mystery34. What does the speaker say about watching television?【答案】C)It is unhealthy for the viewers.35. What can we say about the speaker?【答案】B) He can’t resist the temptation of . either.36. detect37. delicate38. identifying39. apartment40. revolution41. dramatically44. Although simple versions of miniature devices have had an impact, advanced vers ions are still several years awaycan sense when to release an airbag and how to keep engines and breaks operating efficiently46. when scientists now think about future machines doing large and complex tasks, t hey’re thinking smaller than ever beforeSection A47. values, abilities and strengths48. doing the right things49. positive mental attitude50. manage themselves51. trustSection B53. A It indicates that economic activities in the US have increased.54. C Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials55. C People’s reluctance to spend56. B To increase their market share overseas.57. A. they still have a place among the world leaders.58. B. It does not reflect the differences among universities.59. A. concentration of resources in a limited number of universities.60. A. Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.61. C. By promoting the efficiency of technology transfer agencies. Part V Cloze62:resolved63:what64:essence65:hopped66:include67:barely68:purchase69:merely70:combined71:on72:ended up73:wrapped74:infinitely75:toxic76:household77:even78:endeavor79:far80:that81:contactPart VI Translation1. You shouldn't have run across the road without looking, you would have been kno cked down by a car. (也许会被车撞到)2 By no means does he regard himself as an expert, (他把自己当成专家) although he knows a lot about the field.3 He doesn't appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him, however, he take s it for granted.(把他们所做的视作理所应当)4 Janet told me that she would rather her mother not have interfered with her marria ge.(不干涉她的婚姻)5 To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship. Edward Wilson found hims elf always searching for information on the internet. (经常上网查信息)。
2011年12月英语六级完形填空答案及解析
2011年12月英语六级完形填空答案及解析Part V ClozeThe Truth About PlasticBy BRYAN WALSH Thursday, July 10, 2008 （Time magazine）If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident 62. resolved to cut plastics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about 63. what the chemicals coming out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic 64. rubbish was doing to the environment. So she 65. hopped on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't 66. include plastic. "I went in and 67. barely bought anything," Haegele says. She did 68. purchase some canned food and a carton (纸盒) of milk---69. only to discover later that both containers were 70. lined with plastic res in(树脂). "Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."She's right. Back in the 1960s, plastic was well 71. on its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005--27 million tons of which 72. ended up in landfills. Our food and water come 73. wrapped in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes we ride in. But the 74. infinitely adaptable substance has its dark side. Environmentalists fret about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of 75.toxic chemicals making their way from 76. household plastic into children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life--she isn't 77. even the only one blogging about this kind of 78. endeavor. But those who've tried know it's 79. far from easy to go plastic-free. "These things seem to be so common 80. that it is practically impossible to avoid coming into 81. contact with them," says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri. 62:resolved63:what64:rubbish65:hopped66:include67:barely68:purchase69:only70:lined71:on72:ended up73:wrapped74:infinitely75:toxic76:household77:even78:endeavor79:far80:that81:contact本文摘自2008年《美国时代周刊》7月10日科技版，标题为The Truth About Plastic，由环保主义者Jeanne Haegele如何在生活中发现无塑料制品的举动引申到对塑料制品的思考。
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2011年12月英语六级完形填空真题原文:塑料的真相If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident resolved to cut plastics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about what the chemicals leaching out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body. She was also worried about the damage all the plastic refuse was doing to the environment. So she hopped on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't include plastic. "I went in and barely bought anything," Haegele says. She did purchase some canned food and a carton of milk--only to discover later that both containers were lined with plastic resin. "Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."She's right. Back when Dustin Hoffman received the most famous one-word piece of career advice in cinema history, plastic was well on its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste in 2005--27 million tons of which ended up in landfills. Our food and water come wrapped in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we drive and the planes we ride in. But the infinitely adaptable substance has its dark side. Environmentalists fret about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of toxic chemicals making their way from household plastic into children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life--she isn't even the only one blogging about this kind of endeavor. But those who've tried know it's far from easy to go plastic-free. "These things are so ubiquitous that it is practically impossible to avoid coming into contact with them," says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri.2011年12月英语六级听力短对话原文(新东方版11.A: I don’t know what to do. I have to drive to Chicago next Friday for my cousin’s wedding but I’ve got a psychology test to prepare for.B: Why don’t you record yo ur notes so that you can study on the way?Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?12.A: Professor Right, you may have to find another student to play this role. The lines are so long and I simply can’t remember them all.B: Look, Tony. It’s still a long time before the first show. I don’t expect you to know all the lines yet. Just keep practicing.Q: what do we learn from the conversation?13.A: Hello. This is Doctor Martin from the Emergency Department. I have a male patient with a fractured ankle.B: Oh, we have one bed available in Ward 3. Send him here and I’ll take care of him.Q: What are the speakers talking about?14.A: Since Simon will graduate this May, the school paper needs a new editor. So if you are interested, I will be happy to nominate you.B: Thanks for considering me, but the baseball team is starting up a new season and I’m afraid I’d have a lot on my hands.Q: What does the man mean?15.A: Have you heard the news that James Mill has resigned his post as Prime Minster?B: Well, I g ot it from the headlines this morning. It’s reported that he made pubic his decision at the last cabinet meeting.Q: What do we learn about James Mill?16.A: The morning paper says the space shuttle is taking off at 10 am tomorrow.B: Yeah, it’s just another one of this year’s routine missions. The first mission was undertaken a decade ago and broadcast live then worldwide.Q: What can we infer from this conversation?17.A: We do a lot of camping in the mountains. What would you recommend for two people?B: You’d probably be better off with the four-wheel drive vehicle. We have several off-road trucks in stock, both new and used.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?18.A: I hear you did some stereo shopping this past weekend.B: yeah, the speakers from my old stereo finally gave out and there was no way to repair them.Q: What did the man do over the weekend?Long conversations:1.A: Now, could you tell me where the idea for the business first came from?B: Well, the original shop was opened by a retired printer by the name of Cruby. Mr Cruby, being left-handed himself, thought of the idea of trying to promote a few products for lefthanders.A: and how did he then go about actually setting up the business?B: Well, he looked for any left-handed products that might already be on the market, which were very few and then contacted manufactures with the idea of having products produced for him, mainly in the scissor range to start with.A: Right. So you do commission some part of your stock?B: Yes, very much so. About 75% of our stock is specially made for us.A: And the rest of it?B: The rest of it now, some 25, 30 years after Mr Cruby’s initial efforts, there are more left-handed products actually on the market and manufactures are now beginning to see that there is a market for left-handed products.A: And what’s the range of your stock?B: The range consists of a variety of scissors, from children scissors to scissors for tailors, hairdressers, etc. We also have a large range of kitchenware.A: What’s the competition like? Do you have quite a lot of competition?B: There are other people in the business now as specialists, but only as Mellorder outlets. But we have a shop here in central London plus our Mellorder outlet. And we are, without any doubt, the largest supplier of left-handed items.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19: What kind of business is the man engaged in?20: what does the man say about his stock of products?21: What does the man say about other people in his line of business?Conversation TwoM: Can we make you an offer? We would like to run the campaign for four extra weeks.W: well, can we summarize the problem from my point of view? First of all, the campaign was late. It missed two important trade affairs. The ads also did not appear into key magazines. As a result, the campaign failed. Do you accept that summary of what happened?M: well, the delay wasn’t entirely our fault. You did in fact make late changes to the specifications of the advertisements.W: Uh, actually, you were late with the initial proposals so you have very little time and in fact, we only asked for small changes.M: Well whatever, can we repeat our offer to run the campaign for 4 extra weeks?W: T hat’s not really the point. The campaign missed two key trade affairs. Because of this, we are asking you either to repeat the campaign next year for free, or we only pay 50% of the fee for this year.M: Could we suggest a 20% reduction to the fee together with the four week sustention to the campaign.W: We are not happy. We lost business.M: I think we both made mistakes. The responsibility is on both sides.W: Ok, let’s suggest a new solution. How about a 40% cut in fee, or a free repeat campaign?M: Well, let’s take a break, we’re not getting very far. Perhaps we should think about this.22: What do we learn about the man’s company?23: Why was the campaign delayed according to the man?24: What does the woman propose as a solution to the problem?25: What does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation?The university of Tennessee is Walter’s life science building, is the marble animal facility, spotlessly clean, carefully obtaining prior approval for experiments animal care committee.Of the 15,000 mice house there in a typical year, most give their lives for humanity. These are good mince, and as such warrant the protection of the animal care committee. And any given time. However, some mice escape and run free. These mice are pests. They can destruct experiments with the bacteria organisms they carry. They are bad mice, and must be captured and destroyed. Usually, this is accomplished by means of sticky traps. A kind of fly paper, on which they become increasingly stuck. But the real point of this cautionary tale is that the animal behaviorist Hersac, is that the labels we put on things affect our moral responses to them. Using stick traps, or the more deadly snap traps would be deemed unacceptable for the good mice. Yet the killing of bad mice requires no prior approval. Once the research animal hits the floor, and becomes an escape, say Hersac. Its moral standing is instantly diminished. In Hersac’s own home there was a more ironic example, when his young son’s miles Miley died recently, it was accorded a tearful ceremonial burial in the garden. Yet even as they more and Wiley, says Hersac. He and his wife were setting snap traps to kill the pest mile in their kitchen. With the bare changes and labels from pet to pest, the kitchen mice attained a totally different moral status.26. What does the passage say about most mice used for experiments？27. Why does the so-called bad mice have to be captured and destroyed？28. When else mice be killed without prior or approval？29. Why does the speaker say that Hersac at home is ironic？2011年12月六级passage 2There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here , who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuter. the city that is swallowed up by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there’s a New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York and quest of something. Of these three trembling cities, the greatest is the last, the city of final destination. The city that is a goal. It is a start’s city that accounts for New York’s high strong disposition. It’s dedication to the arts and its incomparable achievements. Commuters give the city its title restlessness. Natives give its solidity and continuity. But the settlers give it passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum; or a young girl arriving from a small town in Misiippi to escape the indignity of being observed by her neighbors; or a boy arriving from the corn belt with a manual script in his suitcase and a pain in his heart. It makes no difference. Each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love. Each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventure. Each generates heat and light to dwarf consolidated Edison companyPassage 3“If you ask me television is unhealthy.” I said to my roommate Walter, as I walked into the living room. “While you are sitting passively in front of the TV set, your muscles are turning to fat. Your complexion is fading. And your eyesight is being ruined.” “Shhh!” Walter put his finger to his lips: “This is an intriguing murder mystery.” “Really?” I replied, “But you know, the brain is destroyed by TV viewing. Creativity is killed by that box and people are kept from communicating with one another. From my point of view, TV is the cause of declining interest in school and the failure of our entire educational system.” “Aha. I kind of see your point.” Walter said softly:”But see, the woman on the witness stand in this story is being questioned about a murder that was committed one hundred years ago.” Ignoring his enthusiastic description of the plot, I went on with my argument:”As I see it, I explained. Not only are most TV programs badly written and produced, but viewers are also manipulated by the mass media. As far as I am concerned, TVwatchers are cut off from reality, from nature, from other people, from life itself.” I w as confident in my ability to persuade. After a short silence, my roommate said:”Anyway, I’ve been planning to watch the football game. I’m going to change the channel.” Don’t touch that dial, I shouted:“I want to find out how the mystery turns out.” I’m n ot sure I got my point to cross.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q33. As the speaker walked into the living room, what was being shown on TV?Q34. What does the speaker say about watching TV?Q35. What can we say about the speaker?In the past, one of the biggest disadvantages of the machines has been their inability to work on the micro scale .For example, doctors did not have devices allowing them to go inside the human body to detect health problems or to perform. delicate surgery. Repair crews did not have a way of identifying broken pipes ,located deep within the highrise of apartment building .however ,that’s about to change .Advances in computers and biophysics have started a micro-miniature revolution that allows scientists to invasion and in some cases actually build microscopic machines .this devices promise to dramatically change the way we live and work .Micro machines already are making an impact . An case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio , research scientists have designed a 4-inch Silicon chip that hold 700 tiny primitive motors at Lucas..M sensor Center California .Scientists have perfected the world first microscope blood pressure sensorthreaded through a persons’ blood vessels. the sensor can provide blood pressure readings at the wow of the heart itself .Although simple versions of miniature devices have had an impact . advanced versions had still several years away . Auto manufactures ,for example ,are trying to use tiny devices that can sense when to release an air bag and how to keep the engines and brakes operating efficiently; so futurists envision nanotechnology also being used to explore the deep sea and small submarines or even launch finger-sized rockets packed with micro miniature instruments . There is an explosion of new ideas and applications .so when scientists now think about new future machines ,doing large and complex tasks .they are thinking smaller than ever before。