商务英语阅读第一册上 Unit 2
商务英语阅读第一册上 Unit 2
The survey revealed that 47 percent of Americans don’t know when it’s appropriate to see a mental health professional and 68 percent don’t know how to find a mental health professional to help them.
Unit 2
Psychology in Daily Life
Reading One
Reading One
Check your comprehension
Answer the following questions with the information from the
text. What training does a psychologist need to receive before he / she can practice independently in any health car arena?
Reading One
the italicized parts.
Check your vocabulary
Paraphrase the following sentences with a special focus on
When you have a question about your emotional health, psychห้องสมุดไป่ตู้logists can be a great resource.
Unit 2
Psychology in Daily Life
Pre-reading Questions
当代商务英语综合教程1 Unit 2 The Sandwich Man
Unit 2 The Sandwich Man
Contents
Text A The Sandwich
Man
Language in Use
Text B Wrigley's
2
Warm-up Questions:
Warm-up Questions: 1. Did you ever help others? 2. Do you think that kindness is very important? Why?
don't simply lay them on a table 50for folks to pick up. I look everyone in
the eye, shake their hands, and I offer them my wishes for a good and
hopeful day. Each person is important to me. I don't see them as “the
21
In-class Task 1
4. By seeing everyone as a person, not as a category, he had turned those men's life around. (line 54)
1. In it are the fixings of his famous sandwiches, famous only to those who desperately need them to stave off hunger for the day. (line 8)
1. There are tools for making the famous sandwiches, but only for those who urgently need to drive away the day of hunger.
商务英语翻译 Unit2 Company Introduction
Unit2 Company Introduction
Unit Objectives
• 1. To be familiar with the composition of business card • 2. To master the language features and translating skills of business card • 3. To get the definition and standard of translation • 4. To be able to translate business card into English or Chinese properly
Basic knowledge
• Definition & Format of Company introduction • 企业或公司简介(Company introduction or profile)就是简明扼要地介绍企业或公司主要情 况的一种商务文体。企业简介主要有两种形式： 篇章式和名片式。篇章式企业简介就是用文章 段落的方式，概括介绍企业的成立日期、企业 规模、经营范围、产品性能、生产能力、企业 声誉等内容。名片式就是将企业的名称、地址、 电话、传真、负责人以及经营范围逐项列出。 前者内容详尽具体，信息量大；后者简洁明了， 重点突出。
• 本厂可生产大衣、西装、时装、衬衫和毛 衣等不同类型服装用的上千花色品种的纽 扣。产品齐全、品种繁多、造型新颖。
• 2. 多用专业词汇 • KFC Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky, is the world’s most popular chicken restaurant chain, specializing in Original Recipe, Extratasty Crispy Burger, Twister and Colonel’s Crispy Chicken Strips, etc. • 肯德基全球总部设在美国肯塔基州的路易
商务英语Unit2参考答案
商务英语Unit2参考答案Unit 2 BrandsPart I Business V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.C1 A brand can be a name, a term or a symbol. It is used to ______________ a product from competitors’ products.A differB competeC differentiateD compareB2 Brands should add value to products. It’s a _______________ effect whereby one plus one equals three.A energyB synergyC coordinationD collaboration D3 The better-known the brand name, the more people want to _______ it _______.A copy…offB send…offC break…offD rip…offA4 In the past Calvin Klein took a relatively passive _______________ to the counterfeit problem.A approachB methodC wayD modeB5 But as sales and brand ________________ have risen, Calvin Klein has become an increasingly popular target for Asian and European counterfeiters.A imageB awarenessC managementD loyaltyD6 I’m worried about the sales of the range of fragrances we ________________ two years ago.A soldB mountedC impoundedD launchedB7 The advert stated – jokingly – that 7 million points were needed for someone to ____________ the jet.A declareB claimC announceD specifyB8 A business student, John Leonard, intends to take Pepsi Cola to_______________ regarding the promotion because he thinks they should give him the prize.A homeB policeC schoolD officeD9 Customers have become less loyal to brands and are more willing to____________ to lower-priced coffee products.A trade inB trade forC trade upD trade downC10 It is ________________ as an exclusive ground coffee for gourmets.A producedB madeC promotedD soldA11 Thank you for the _____________ order of February 2 for 28,800 raincoats.A captionedB captioningC to captionD captionC12 Y our order will be ready for shipment by February 28 and be packed _________ seaworthy containers.A byB throughC inD withinD13 Our raincoats are now packed in a polythene bag each and then in a cardboard box, 12 dozen ______________ a carton.A inB atC14 Each carton is ____________ with a polythene sheet and secured by overall strapping.A liningB lineC linedD to lineB15 In addition, the packing is light ________ weight and therefore easy to handle.A toB inC atD forA16 Since a polythene bag is used for each raincoat, it is attractive and _________ for window display.A all readyB alreadyC all readinessD readinessB 17 ____________ regard to packing in cartons for your order, we would like to give you our comments as follows.A AsB WithC ForD AtA18 Cartons lined with plastic sheets can be well protected ____________ moisture, for they can be secured by overall strapping.A againstB forC byD throughC19 Since the trace of pilferage is ___________ more evident, it is easier to file a claim against the insurance company.A manyB lotC muchD fewerB20 Therefore, cartons are convenient ____________ handle and quite suitable for ocean transportation.A forB toPart II Phrase Translation 1 国际品牌International brand2 民族品牌National brand3 品牌商品Branded goods4 品牌管理Brand management5 ⾼档品牌luxury brand6 经典品牌Classic brand7 品牌知名度Brand awareness8 品牌形象Brand image9 品牌忠实Brand loyalty10 品牌延伸Brand stretching11 物有所值V alue for money12 公司战略Corporate strategy13 许可权利Licensing right14 时装设计师Fashion designer15 快餐公司Fast food company16 ⼴告宣传活动Advertising campaign17 研磨咖啡Ground coffee18 市场份额Market share19 消费者调查Consumer survey20 细分市场market SegmentPart III Sentence Translation1.The aim of the advertising campaign is to enhance brand awareness so thatconsumers become more familiar with our coffee products.⼴告宣传活动的⽬的是提⾼品牌知名度以便于消费者更加熟悉我们的咖啡产品。
商务英语阅读教程Unit 2
2-1
Unit Introduction
Unit Two will introduce the exact meaning of product and the knowledge of the Product Life Cycle
(PLC). In this unit, the definition and categories of the product will be offered and we should know a service belongs to a non-material or intangible product. The five stages of the Product Life Cycle will also be in-material or product
2-1
TASK 1
19.intangible product
答案
C.
non-physical product, pure service
20.
product
答案
A. goods or service that most closely meets the requirements of a particular market
14.growth cycle 答案 O. familiarity grows among consumers, so does the sales figure in steady fashion
15. downturn L. a tendency downward, a worsening, especially in business or economic activity
最新文档-商务英语阅读(上册)unit 1-PPT精品文档
When pursuing international business, private enterprises and governments have to decide how to carry out their business, such as what mode of operation to use. A company has a number of modes from which to choose.
purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.
International trade has been carried on between countries and geographical regions for thousands of years. Over the centuries, international trade, although periodically interrupted by wars and natural disasters, has gradually expanded, usually at a faster pace than the expansion of world output. The impetus for the existence and expansion of international trade is the same as that for any commercial transaction: value
A direct investment is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company. Such a direct investment is also a foreign direct investment (FDI). Control need not be a 100-percent or even 50-percent interest. When two or more companies share ownership of an FDI, the operation is a joint venture. When a government joins accompany in an FDI, the operation is called a mixed venture, which is a type of joint venture.
2017叶兴国商务英语阅读教程1第二版课件Unit2
1. “made in China 2025”:《中国制造2025》 是中国政府实施制造强国战略第一个十年 的行动纲领。《中国制造2025》提出，坚 持“创新驱动、质量为先、绿色发展、结 构优化、人才为本”的基本方针，坚持 “市场主导、政府引导、立足当前、着眼 长远，整体推进、重点突破，自主发展、 开放合作”的基本原则，通过“三步走” 实现制造强国的战略目标。
3. Alibaba is also ploughing ahead with cloud computing. Its business, Aliyun, is China’s largest cloud provider. 译文：阿里巴巴也正在云计算领域奋力前行。他旗 下的企业阿里云就是中国最大的云服务供应商。 注释：云计算（cloud computing）是一种新兴的商 业计算模型。它将计算任务分布在大量计算构成的 资源池上，使各种应用系统能够根据需要获取计算 力、存储空间和各种软件服务。Plough ahead 可理 解为“奋力前行，奋勇前进”。如： As far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology. 我认为有必要进一步推动纳米技术领域的发现和应 用。
As of September 2017, Alibaba's market cap stood at US$455.46 billion. It is one of the top 10 most valuable and biggest companies in the world. In 2017, Alibaba became the first Asian company to break the US$400 billion value mark.
商务英语阅读第一册上 Unit
➢What does Dr. Cantor suggest people should do to maintain good mental health?
According to Dr. Cantor, learning to talk about
one’s problems and concerns is an important part of
span life
h
4
Pre-reading Expressions
Expressions that are likely to be used to talk about what one can do handle psychological problems:
have a sense of control over events.
Make a schedule for yourself for the day so that you can structure your activities toward some productive end.
Moderate your competitive feelings so that you’re not constantly going forth to do battle with work, play, or other people.
I often feel emotionally "numb", as if nothing can affect me, not even the death of someone close to me.
I sometimes get really embarrassed, ashamed or angry with myself about the way that I feel.
商务英语阅读第一册上U.ppt
The abrupt change put him at the end of his tether.
Pre-reading Expressions
Expressions that are likely to be used to talk about different
Resolve / grapple with / cope with / race with the plight Stand up to / live through difficulty Come to terms with / be reconciled to the failure He has the courage to face the music. When faced with obstacles, he simply throws in the towel.
Pre-reading Expressions
Collocations that are possible to go with the target word “challenge”:
take up / meet / pick up the challenge rise to the challenge of risk look upon something as a challenge to greater exertions. The challenges of this new world have given impetus to changes. He can always turn a challenge to advantage.
towards
changes
and
Don’t like changes and challenges Change is a threat to our life which has already been under control. Change is bad. We're failing in some way if our lห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ves are in confusion. So we must fix it and get it back to normal. Changes are challenges, are failures! I am afraid of taking up the challenge and grappling with the plight.
商务英语阅读Unit 2-叶兴国
人陶醉的投资周期能持续多久。
Business English: A Reading Course
TEXT A
Notes on the Text:
3. Such a slope over even a few years causes inflection points … 这种
延续数年的价格跌势导致了拐点…… inflection point：原指“曲线最大、最小或回折的临界点”，引申为“转折点”。例 如：
Business English: A Reading Course
UNIT 2
邵秀荣
2014.10
WARM-UP QUESTIONS
Business English: A Reading Course
1. In the new era of information exploration, companies, as well as our society, are in need of imaginative, creative talents. What can be done to improve the situation in the business management? 2. With the rapid development of technology, a demanding task for executives is that they must renew their knowledge though they are experienced with management. What can companies do to help them to cope with this problem effectively?
商务英语阅读第一册上Unit
商务英语阅读第一册上Unit的PPT大纲是一个包括了很多重要主题的全面指南， 旨在帮助学习者有效地掌握商务英语的阅读和沟通技巧。
Introduction to Business English Reading
1 Mastering Reading Skills
Learn essential techniques and strategies for effective business English reading.
Learn essential business vocabulary and idiomatic expressions for effective communication in professional settings.
Idioms in Context
Explore idiomatic expressions commonly used in business English and understand their appropriate usage.
3
Writing for Different Audiences
Adapt your writing style and tone to effectively communicate with diverse business stakeholders.
Writing Business Emails and Memos
Etiquette and Formality
Understand the etiquette and formalities involved in writing business emails and memos.
职通商务英语 1 unit 2
• Jack Welch is the Former chairman and
chief executive officer, General Electric Company.
• 杰克· 韦尔奇（Jack Welch）是原通用电气
（GE）董事长兼CEO，1935年11月19日出 生于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆市，1960年，加入 通用电气塑胶事业部；1981年4月，成为通 用电气历史上最年轻的董事长和CEO。
• 沃伦· 巴菲特(Warren Buffett，1930年8月30日— ) ，全球
著名的投资商，生于美国内布拉斯加州的奥马哈市。在 2008年的《福布斯》排行榜上财富超过比尔盖茨，成为世 界首富。在第十一届慈善募捐中，巴菲特的午餐拍卖达到 创记录的263万美元。 2010年7月，沃伦· 巴菲特再次向5家慈善机构捐赠股票， 依当前市值计算相当于19.3亿美元。这是巴菲特2006年开 始捐出99%资产以来，金额第三高的捐款。2011年12月， 巴菲特宣布，他的儿子霍华德会在伯克希尔哈撒韦公司中 扮演继承人的角色。
• Steve Jobs is the co-founder and CEO of
Apple and Pixar.
• 史蒂夫· 保罗· 乔布斯（1955.2.24—2011.10.5），
•
•
美国发明家、企业家、美国苹果公司联合创办人。 乔布斯被认为是计算机业界与娱乐业界的标志性 人物，他经历了苹果公司几十年的起落与兴衰， 先后领导和推出了麦金塔计算机（Macintosh）、 iMac、iPod、iPhone、iPad等风靡全球的电子产 品，深刻地改变了现代通讯、娱乐、生活方式。 乔布斯同时也是前Pixar动画公司的董事长及行政 总裁。 2011年10月5日，因胰腺癌病逝，享年56岁。
外研社2024新标准商务英语阅读教程2-教学课件U2
Internal communication is the heartbeat of any organization
nurture
to help a plan, an idea, a feeling, etc. to develop e.g. The company's leadership is committed to nurturing a supportive work environment that encourages employee growth and innovation.
Internal communication is the heartbeat of any organization
mock
not real, but intended to be very similar to a real situation, substance, etc. e.g. Before the official product launch, the team conducted a series of mock presentations to refine their pitch to potential investors.
Internal communication is the heartbeat of any organization
strategic leadership
a manager’s potential to express a strategic vision for the organization, and to motivate and persuade others to acquire that vision e.g. The board appointed a leader known for strategic leadership to steer the company through its next phase of growth.
商务英语阅读教程——参考译文
参考译文Unit 1 参考译文国际商务的范围国际商务是指任何类型的跨国商务活动。
它可以分为4种类型: 对外贸易、服务贸易、有价证券投资和直接投资。
在对外贸易中，国与国之间从事有形货物或商品的进出口业务。
进出口贸易构成了世界上大多数国家最基本的国际商务活动。
除货物和商品进出口贸易外,国家之间还进行服务贸易，如保险、金融、饭店、咨询、旅游及运输。
跨国公司就因在别国提供服务而得到报酬。
国际有价证券投资指在别国进行的金融投资。
投资者购买企业股票和长期债券，无非是为了谋求投资回报。
有价证券投资者的目标不是控制一个企业，他们随时可按市场行情兑现他们所投的资金。
海外直接投资是指在国外建厂或建立销售网络。
投资者可购买外国公司现有的全部或部分资产，以控制或部分控制该公司的销售、生产、科研和发展。
从历史的角度来看，国际商务并非新鲜事物。
它已有上千年的历史，尽管其形式、方法及重要性在不断演变。
在古代，希腊人就在地中海地区从事贸易活动。
在历史的长河中，随着复杂的商务技巧不断出现，商业持续不断的发展，从而促进了货物、资源、资金在国家间的流动。
工业革命提供了大规模生产方法和大规模市场，从而进一步促进了国际商务的发展。
随着工业化水平的提高，对供给、原料、劳动力和运输的需求也日益增大。
20 世纪以来，事实证明，广泛的商务关系覆盖全球。
由于商务实体越来越认识到它们的市场是全球性的，而不仅仅在国内，所以产品、资本和人员比以往任何时候都更紧密地联系在一起。
随着商务活动的范围跨出国界，银行和金融机构接踵而至，以满足商务活动为世界性的投资和经营所需要的资金。
金融市场之间的联系也变得非常纷繁复杂。
美国股市的走向和变化会直接影响到世界上其他地区的产权投资市场。
如今，只有目光短浅的商人才会相信，一个企业在本国市场范围内完全可以实现发展和繁荣。
国内商界起码必须认识到市场竞争的国际根源，因为竞争的根源一直存在，并且日益成为国内商界的威胁。
在世界市场和经济的动态中，这些变化的根源就是世界范围寻求的国际商务活动。
商务英语阅读第一册上U
Business Contract Reading
To ensure compliance with terms and conditions
Identify the parties involved and their roles
Key Points in Reading a Business Contract
Vocabulary Building
Active Learning
Expand your vocabulary by learning common business terms, vocabulary, and phrases used in different business contexts
Definition
Business English is a specialized subset of English used in business and commercial contexts It encompassed the language of international trade, finance, marketing, management, and other business related fields
Purpose of Reports To provide information about a project or topic
To make recommendations for future actions
Business Report Reading
To document processes or procedures
02
Fundamentals of Business English
商务英语阅读-unit-2-Company-organization
PHRASAL VERB
• If you take over a company, you get control of it, for example, by buying its shares. 接管 (公司)
• set up 建立，创建，创业/办 • E.g.The two sides agreed to set up a
• Activity 3 •FFTFT • • Activity 4 • 1979, 40 years ago • England, New York • 50 • metal boxes, sound products • Michael Quirk
Activity 5– Homework
• write a summary of about 30 words about Sunpower. It shall include date of foundation, location, staff number, product and name.
• Ivy: Michael Quirk.
• Scott: Oh, Ivy. It sounds like a very good company. Congratulations!
Reading—Text A A Presentation
• Walkman is a company making loudspeakers with 100 employees. It is located in New York, with a history of 40 years.
• As a policy, Walkman relies greatly on its partners and customers. We treat our customers as friends.
商务英语综合教程1unit2参考答案
商务英语综合教程1unit2参考答案商务英语综合教程1 Unit 2参考答案Part 1: Vocabulary and Grammar1. Vocabulary- Innovation: The process of creating new ideas, devices, or methods.- Collaboration: Working together with others to achieve a common goal.- Competition: The activity or condition of striving to gain or win something by defeating or establishingsuperiority over others.- Negotiation: The process of discussion between parties for the purpose of reaching an agreement.2. Grammar- Present Perfect Tense: Used to describe an action that has been completed at some point in the past but is connected to the present. For example, "We have completed the project." - Past Perfect Tense: Used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. For example, "By the time she arrived, they had already left."Part 2: Reading Comprehension1. Questions- Question 1: What is the main topic of the readingpassage?- Answer: The main topic is the importance of innovation in business.- Question 2: Why is collaboration often necessary in business?- Answer: Collaboration is necessary because it allows for the sharing of ideas and resources, leading to more effective and creative solutions.2. Answers to the Reading Passage- The passage discusses the role of innovation in driving business success. It highlights how companies need to stay ahead of the competition by continuously improving and creating new products or services. The text also emphasizes the importance of collaboration and negotiation in the business world.Part 3: Listening Comprehension1. Questions- Question 1: What is the speaker's opinion on the future of the retail industry?- Answer: The speaker believes that the retail industry will continue to evolve, with a focus on customer experience and technology integration.- Question 2: How does the speaker suggest businesses can stay competitive?- Answer: The speaker suggests that businesses should invest in innovation and adapt to changing market trends to stay competitive.2. Transcript Summary- The listening material includes an interview with a business expert discussing the trends in the retail industry. The expert talks about the impact of e-commerce and the importance of creating a seamless shopping experience for customers.Part 4: Writing1. Task: Write a short essay on the role of technology in modern business.- Answer: In the modern business landscape, technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing productivity, facilitating communication, and enabling data-driven decision-making. It allows businesses to reach a global audience, automate processes, and stay agile in a rapidly changing market.Part 5: Speaking1. Role-Play Scenario: You are a manager in a company that is considering adopting a new software system. Discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks with your team.- Answer: As a manager, I would initiate a discussion by highlighting the potential benefits such as increased efficiency and better data management. However, I would also address potential drawbacks like the initial cost and the learning curve for employees.Part 6: Case Study1. Situation: A company is facing stiff competition and needsto innovate to stay relevant.- Answer: The company could consider investing in research and development, exploring new markets, or partnering with other businesses to create innovative products or services.2. Recommendations:- Diversify the product line.- Invest in marketing to increase brand awareness.- Foster a culture of innovation within the company.Part 7: Business Etiquette1. Tips for Successful Networking:- Be punctual and professional.- Prepare an elevator pitch to introduce yourself.- Engage in active listening and show genuine interest in others.Part 8: Cultural Notes1. Understanding Business Culture in Different Countries:- It is crucial to be aware of cultural differences in business practices, such as communication styles, negotiation tactics, and the importance of relationships.Part 9: Review and Self-Assessment1. Review:- Reflect on the key concepts covered in this unit, including vocabulary, grammar, and business practices.2. Self-Assessment:- Assess your understanding of the material by completing practice exercises and quizzes.Conclusion:This unit of the Business English Comprehensive Course has covered a range of topics from vocabulary and grammar to practical skills such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking. It also included a case study, business etiquette, and cultural notes to provide a well-rounded understanding of the business world. By reviewing and self-assessing, learners can ensure they have a solid grasp of the material and are prepared for further studies or real-world business scenarios.。
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Women are more concerned with taking care of other family members and may forget about themselves while men are likely to ignore the signals of their mental problems and seldom talk about their sufferings.
What does Dr. Cantor suggest people should do to maintain good mental health?
According to Dr. Cantor, learning to talk about one’s problems and concerns is an important part of taking good care of oneself and maintaining good psychological health.
If one has good emotional health, he is more likely to maintain both the level of physical health and emotional health he needs.
What are the problems for men and women respectively regarding their maintenance of psychological health?
The survey revealed that 47 percent of Americans don’t know when it’s appropriate to see a mental health professional and 68 percent don’t know how to find a mental health professional to help them.
Pre-reading Expressions
Expressions that are likely to be used to talk about what one can do handle psychological problems:
have a sense of control over events. engage in activities that shift your attention away from yourself. Accept your vulnerability and convince yourself that you can survive and grow despite your loss. Make a schedule for yourself for the day so that you can structure your activities toward some productive end. Moderate your competitive feelings so that you’re not constantly going forth to do battle with work, play, or other people. Understand reality and deal with it constructively. Adapt to reasonable demands for change.
Reading One
the italicized parts.
Check your vocabulary
Paraphrase the following sentences with a special focus on
When you have a question about your emotional health, psychologists can be a great resource.
Reading One
Check your comprehension
Answer the following questions with the information from the
text. What is the disturbing news revealed in the survey conducted by the American Psychological Association?
Pre-reading Expressions
Expressions that are likely to be used to tlth:
a mental anguish / conflict / illness / process undergo great hardships / unpleasant experiences / radical changes master (govern) one’s temper / feeling / passion / anger / fear curb one’s anger / feeling/ energy enhance one’s confidence / self-worth / self-esteem air (give air to ) one’s indignation / trouble / complaint brim over with tears / happiness / high spirit expand (broaden / enlarge / widen) one’s mental horizon increase (extend, lengthen, shorten) the expectation of life / the span of life
Why is good psychological health important according to this text?
Because when one has good emotional health, he is able to experience feelings, share them appropriately and not be overwhelmed by them.
Pre-reading Questions
What, in your opinion, is emotional health? Emotional wellbeing is about how we feel, think and behave. Nobody feels blissfully happy, thinks positive thoughts and behaves sensibly all the time - but if you're in a generally good state of mind, it's much easier to enjoy life. (From BBC Mental health) What kind of people are most likely to become emotionally healthy? People with good emotional health are in control of their thoughts, feelings and behaviors. They feel positive about themselves and have good relationships. They can keep their problems in perspective. They have both self-awareness and self-control.
Unit 2
Psychology in Daily Life
Pre-reading Questions
Assess your own level of emotional health by answering "Yes" or "No" to each of the following statements. I often feel emotionally "numb", as if nothing can affect me, not even the death of someone close to me. I sometimes get really embarrassed, ashamed or angry with myself about the way that I feel. I feel really uncomfortable about crying in front of other people and tend to avoid it wherever possible. Most of the time I just don't know what I feel. I sometimes feel like I am being taken over by my emotions and that I can't control how I behave. I try very hard to be positive about life but somehow negative feelings keep on seeping back.
It means developing emotional stability to avoid going to extremes, and relieving tension and anxiety by bringing repressed feelings and fears to consciousness in an appropriate way.