矿物加工专业英语

天然无机化合物 natural inorganic substance1化学组成 chemical composition 灰分含量 ash content2原子组成 atomic structure 有色金属矿物 nonferrous ore3有用矿物 valuable mineral 脉石矿物 gangue mineral4给矿品位 the feed grad 非金属矿物 non-metallic ore5沉积岩 sedimentary rock 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide6发电 generation of electricity 露天采矿 open pit mining 低灰分烟煤 low-sulfur bituminous coal挥发份 volatile constituents 煤气化 coal gasification直接液化 a direct liquefaction process煤的化学组成chemical properties of coal相对密度 relative density 煤质分析 coal assay粒度分布 particle size distribution自磨 autonomous grinding 燃烧实验 special combustion tests高品级煤种 high-rank coal 矿石粒度 the size of the ore有用矿物粒度 the grains of valuable minerals细粒嵌布finely disseminated in the ore低品位矿石 low grade ores 解离度 degree of liberation光化学性质 optical properties 磁性 magnetic properties导电性 electrical conductivity properties连生颗粒 the particles of locked mineral最佳磨矿细度 an optimum mesh of grind破碎应力 breaking stresses 颗粒边界 grain boundaries再磨 be regrinding0f 磨矿成本 grinding costs粗粒脉石 the coarse gangue 单体颗粒 single free particles金刚石 diamond 石墨 graphite原矿石 run-of-mine ore 维护成本 maintenance costs强加于 imposes on 驱动轴 drive shaft相对于 relative to 把。

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上 attachment to矿物加工方法 Mineral processing methods粉碎原理 Principles of comminution解离 liberation 富集 concentrationgold and piatinum (native or metallic form)most of minerale (their composition)tow minerals that(quite different physical properties) granite is composed(different)1、they are release or2、which is callde concentration3、which involves crushing and sometimes grinding4、v oer-grinding is wasteful5、some specific difference in6、physical or chemical properties between the valuable and ganguc7、such as sizing of the ore and dewater of1、矿石中有有用矿物与脉石矿物紧密共生 The useful minerals in the ore are intimately associated with the gangue minerals1、破碎一般为干式作业，采用分段方法完成 Crushing is usually a dry proless and is performed in seuerd stages2、在矿物晶体的晶格内，原子间键只在很短的距离内有效 In the crystalline latlice of minerals these inter-atomic bonds are effectine only over small distances3、新生成的表面通常具有更高的化学活性 Newly formed surfaces are often more chemically active4、在水存在的情况下，粉碎所需的能量减小 The energy required for comminution is reduced in the presence of water5、粉碎学说研究输入能量与某一特定给料粒度下形成的产品粒度的关系Comminution theory is concerned with the relationship between energy input and the product particle size made from a given feed size6、在球磨机内，所输入的大部分能量用于产生热量 In a ball mill ,the bulk of the energy being utilized in the production of heat7、物料的单位体积表面积与颗粒的直径成反比The surface area of unit volume of material is inversely proportional to the diameter8、也许测定矿石可磨度最广泛使用的参数是邦德功指数Probably the most widely used parameter to measure ore grindability is the Bond work index 9、批次实验取得的数据与标准可磨度实验数据具有很好的可比性，并且具有这样的优势，即测定功指数所需要的时间大大减少 The batch-type tests compared very favourably with the standard grindability test date ,the advantage being that less time is required to determine in the work index 10、Beng tests require constant screening out of undersize material in order to simulate closed-circuit operation 邦德试验要求不断的筛出物料以模拟闭路作业11、So important is it to avoid over-grinding ,that ,as will be seen later ,some ores are comminuted to a size coarser than their liberating size before initial concentration.本书以后将会谈到，避免过磨是如此重要，以至某些矿石在入选前的粉碎粒度宁可大于解离粒度1、the abundance of metals in the ocean is related to some extent to the crustal abundancies , since they have come from the weathering of the crustal rocks. 海洋中蕴含丰富的金属，在某种程度上与地壳的风度有关，因为这些金属来自于地壳的风化2、it is apparent that if the minerals containing the important metals were un iformly distributed throughout the earth ,they would be so thinly dispersed that their economic extraction would be impossible.显然，如果含有重要金属的矿物是均匀的分布于地球，那么他们将如此稀疏的分散开来，以至于经济的开采是不可能的3、a particular mineral may be found mainly in associates with granitic rocks ,or may be found associated with both igneous and sedimentary rocks, i.e. those produced by the deposition of material arising from the mechanical and chemical weathering of earlier rocks by water, ice and chemical decay. 一种特殊的矿物被发现主要与花岗岩共生在一起或者与岩浆岩或者沉积岩共生在一起，也就是，由于早期的岩石在水，冰与化学衰变的作用下产生力学和化学的风化作用而形成的矿床生成的矿物4、A direct liquefaction process, Bergius process(liquefaction by hydrogenation), is also available but has not been used outside Germany, where such processes were operated both during World war I and World War5、一种直接的碳的液化过程，即伯吉尤斯过程（通过氢化作用达到液化），也仅仅是在一战和二战期间在德国内使用6、Among commercially mature technologies, advantages for indireef coal Liquefaction over direct coal Liquefaction are reported by Williams and larson(2003)据威廉母斯和larson在2003年报告在商业化成熟的技术中，间接的碳的液化过程由于直接的碳的液化过程7、All of these liquid fuel production methods release carbon dioxide(CO2) in the conversion process, far more than is released in the extraction and refinement of liquid fuel production from petroleum. 在碳的转化过程中，所有液化燃料的产生方式中所释放的CO2远远大于从石油中提取和提炼液态燃料中所释放的CO2.8、Estimates are reported for sites in china where break-even cost for coal liquefaction may be in the range from 25 to 35 USD/barrel of oil. 有报道估计在中国的某些地方碳的液化收支平衡的价格是每桶油卖到25到35美元9、Combustion of coal, like any other fossil fuel, produces carbon dioxide(CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO x) along with varying amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2) depending on where it was mined.煤的燃烧像其他的任何化石燃料一样，产生CO2和氮氧化物，并伴随变化的SO2量，并且SO2的含量取决于煤的产地10、Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide (SO3), which then reacts with water to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid is returned to the earth as acid rain. SO2和O2反应生成SO3，SO3与水反应生成硫酸，硫酸又以酸雨的形式返回内地11、Jet is a geological material not considered a true mineral ,but rathera mineraloid derived from decaying wood under extreme pressure ,and thus organic. 煤精是一种地质材料，并不被认为是一种真正的矿物，但可以被认为是一种准矿物，在极端的压力作用下从腐朽的木材中得到，因此是一种有机的准矿物12、Ash fusion temperatures are determined by viewing a moulded specimen of the coal ash through an observation window in a high-temperature furnace.熔融的煤灰温度是通过高温熔炉的观察窗观察煤灰的一个模制试样来测定的13、If the ore contains worthwhile amounts of more than one valuable mineral,it is usually the object of mineral processing to separate them. 如果矿石中含有大量的多于一种有价值的矿物，那么通常情况下对矿物的分选是矿物加工的目的14、Similarly if undesirable minerals,interfere with subsequent refining process,are present,it may be necessary to remove these minerasat theseparation stage.类似情况下，如果矿石中有可能不需要的矿物存在，就是可能接下来干涉分选过程的存在，去除他们是必要的15、Apart from economics energy consumption is of paramount importance ,since although the world has ample mineral deposits to meet the dimand for most common metals for the test of the century ,it has been predicted ,that there will not be enough energy to produce these metals 然而16、However in the majority of cases the energy consumed in direct smelting or leaching of low-grade ores would be so enormous as to make the cost prohibitive 然而在大量的事例中，消耗在熔炼和低品味矿石中的能量是如此的大17、Mineral processing reduces the bulk of 矿物加工减少了必须运输到冶炼厂的矿物的体积重量或因此减少了运输和处理的费用，由于降低了必须使用来处理的吨数，使得冶炼成本显著降低，由于成品中含有更少的金属炉渣和不受欢迎的废弃物料增加了冶炼厂的回收率18、One of the major objects of comminution is the libration ,or release ,of the valuable minerals at the coarsest possible particle size 价值的矿物19、Up till recently it has been impossible for mineralogists to givea quantitative answer to the question : how fine musut a particular ore be ground to produce a certain degree of liberation of the valuable particles ?这个问题给出定量答案也是不可能的一种特定的矿石被研磨到何等细的粒度生产出一种有价值矿物的解离度20、During the grinding of a low-grade the bulk of the gangue minerals is often liberated at a relatively coarse size 在对低品位矿石的研磨过程中，脉石矿物的脉体通常在一种相对较粗的尺寸被解离出来21、It is often used on minerals which can easily be separated form the free gangue ,even though they are themselves locked to some extent with gangue 这种方法被使用在容易从自由脉石中解离出来的矿物上，尽管矿物本身在某种程度上与脉石共生在一起、22、The grade(metal content)of ore mined and processed will depend upona number of factors ,and generally the lower-grade ores are treated in larger capacity plants than higher-grade ores.采出或加工的矿石的品味（金属含量）依靠多种因素，一般情况下低品位矿石比高品位矿石处理量要大23、The texture refers to the aggregation size and dissemination of the valuable minerals within the ore.结构指的是有用矿物在矿石中的聚合粒径和分布状态24、The nature of the minerals is important,as a pronounced difference in some physical property between the values and gangue minerals is necessary for processing. 矿物的性质很重要，因为有价值的矿物和脉石矿物之间在一些物理性质上的显著差异对于矿物加工是十分必要的25、Deep mining is expensive compared with open-pit and alluvial operations ,and is economic only on higher ore grades.深采与露天开采和冲击作业相比代价是昂贵的，仅对于高品位的矿石才是有利的26、The world is now becoming aware of the finite of its resources ata price ,and of the ever-increasing development coste of larger new mines.世界逐渐意识到资源的有限性与大矿新矿日益增加的开发成本27、This is achieved by comminution ,in which the particle size og the ore is progressively reduced until the clean particles of mineral can be separated by such methods as are available.在分选之前解离靠粉碎来完成，矿石颗粒粒度逐渐减小，直到矿物的颗粒用现有的方法能解离出来28、Crushing reduces the particle size nof run-of-mine ore to such alevel that grinding can be carried out until the mineral an gangue are substantially produced as separate particles.在破碎原矿石的颗粒减小到一定的水平，以至于研磨能够顺利的实施直到矿物和脉石作为独立的颗粒在大体上被分离出来29、Duo to this increase in surface energy ,newly formed surfaces are often more chemically active ,and are mor amenable to the action of fiotation reagents ,ect ,as well as oxidizing more readily.由于表面能的增加，新形成的表面通常具有更高的化学活性更易于受化学药剂的作用等，同时更容易氧化30、When an irregular particle is broken by compression ,or crushing ,the products fall into two distinct size ranges-coarse particles resulting from the induced tensile failure ,and fines from compressive failure near the points of loading, or by shear at projections.当一个不规则的颗粒被挤压或者破碎断裂时，产品变成两个不同的粒度范围——粗颗粒由拉力导致断裂，细颗粒来自载粒附近压力导致的断裂或者在突起不分的剪切力导致的断裂31、Values of operating work indices obtained from specific units can be used to assess the effect of operating variables ,such as mill speeds ,size of grinding media ,type of liner ,etc.The higher the value of Wi,the lower is the grinding efficiency.设备从特定的单元获得的功指数的值能够用来评估操作变量的效果，如磨机的速度，研磨媒介的尺寸以及衬里的类型。