19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16.3 阅读理解(说明文)(第01期)(原卷版)

2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
（一）【2019 •重庆市中考】
Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, ＂24 Solar Terms(节气)＂is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It’s the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.
White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.
The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.
1. The writer gave ___________ examples to show Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
2. From Paragraph 5, we know that ___________.
A. a raccoon likes fish
B. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8
C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn
D. Cinyee used white spots to show dew
3. According to the passage, Picture ___________ can’t be from Cinyee’s ＂24 Solar Terms＂.
A. B. C. D.
4. The writer mainly wants to talk about ___________.
A. why Cinyee made herself known
B. who divided a year into 24 parts
C. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms
D. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean
（二）【2019 •浙江省温州市】
Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of t he greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the world’s first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974.
A radio telescope is usually made up of:
One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mirror focuses visible light to one point.
A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usually cooled to, very low temperatures (e. g. as low as -270℃）.
A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most: radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computer’s memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.
Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space
are always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.
To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For example, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town.
Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that can’t be seen, objects that we wouldn’t even know without radio telescopes.
5. Radio telescopes help collect ___________ from the universe
A. light
B. objects
C. radio waves
D. visible signals
6. Most antennas of radio telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to ___________.
A. make the antennas strong enough
B. increase the number of radio waves
C. turn radio waves into electronic signals
D. focus radio waves on the sub-reflector
7. The underlined word "interferences" in the passage refers to ___________.
A. the noises made by villagers and animals
B. the sounds from the radios and televisions
C. the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST work
D. the radio waves and electronic signals from humans
8. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?
A. We have received pictures of deep space.
B. We have discovered unknown lives in the universe.
C. We have found some unknown objects in the universe.
D. We have turned the radio waves from space into light.
（三）【2019 •浙江省衢州市】
The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws(吸管), toothbrushes, toys—all kinds of plastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.
Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won’t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whal es get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish
even ends up in the food we eat.
Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. That’s enough to circle the Earth twice. ＂Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a big difference,＂Dana Lofflin who started said. ＂Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?＂
People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You don’t have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解) in just a few days. David Edwards, a scientist at Harvard University, designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.
9. According to the write, birds die because they ___________.
A. eat bottle caps and straws
B. get caught in fishing nets
C. feed on ocean animals
D. have the spoons in India
10. The underlined word "endangers " in Paragraph 2 probably means ___________.
A. brings
B. loses
C. harms
D. saves
11. The purpose of the passage is mainly to ___________.
A. introduce some ways to recycle waste
B. tell readers about the problem with plastics
C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution
D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste
12. From the passage, we can tell that the plastics problem ___________.
A. is too big for people to solve
B. can be solved by recycling alone
C. can be solved, but it won’t be easy
D. will have to be solved by future scientists
（四）【2019 •四川省广安市】
Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers "smart". John McCarthy, a scientist, came up with(提出)the name "artificial intelligence" over 60 years ago. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as people do.
An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs. They can learn, solve problems, and think
logically(逻辑地）. At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别）human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. However, some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. A famous British scientist also was not for this kind of technology.
Math is the basic language of AI. If students are good at math, they will be more likely to become successful AI designers(设计者）in the future. We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的）students. As for(对于）average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.
Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力）and emotional (有感情的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field.
13. From Paragraph 1, we know that ___________.
A. all problems can be solved by computers
B. machines with AI can think and learn
C. AI has been around for only 60 years
D. AI works in the same way as people
14. According to the passage, what can’t AI do at present?
A. Understand human speech.
B. Operate self-driving cars.
C. Compete in some game systems.
D. Understand human feelings.
15. The underlined word＂it＂in Paragraph 2 refers to(指的是）___________.
A. chess
B. a scientist
C. the danger
D. AI
16. According to the passage, if students want to become successful AI designers, they should learn ___________
well.
A. math and art
B. art and technology
C. math and computer science
D. art and computer science
17. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us the scientist ___________ about AI.
A. wishes
B. worries
C. feelings
D. discoveries
（五）【2019 •安徽省中考】
The world uses about a thousand million(百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.
Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.
While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process (加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.
Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.
18. How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?
A. Under 10 million.
B. Only 19 million.
C. About 92 million.
D. Over 700 million.
19. Treating wastewater helps the environment by ___________.
A. storing waste in ice and snow
B. letting waste run into oceans
C. keeping waste out of rivers and oceans
D. sending waste to coastal countries
20. What does the underlined word "desalination" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. 远洋运输
B. 潮汐发电
C. 食盐销售
D. 海水淡化
21. At present, the technology to process water ___________.
A. needs much energy
B. saves much money
C. satisfies everyone
D. causes pollution
22. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Water should be a human right.
B. The water problem is still serious.
C. Our planet is covered with water.
D. Everyone has enough clean water.
（六）【2019 •山东省青岛市】
Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. A lot of people think that wind power is new, but that’s not true. For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water. We still do those things today, but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity.
Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more. First of all, it’s clean. Windmills don’t pollute the environment at all. Second, we can use wind power fo rever. After all, we will always have wind. Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.
A lot of people don’t understand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind power, but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds. They used to be true, but it isn’t true anymore. Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.
However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly. This is a problem for people, because windmills are often in very pretty areas. Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time. Finally, windmills are noisy.
Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power. About 2.5 percent of the world’s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot higher. Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.
23. Why DON’T new windmills kill birds? Because ___________.
A. birds don’t fly near them
B. they spin slowly
C. they are shorter than old windmills
D. new windmills don’t spin
24. When did people start using wind power?
A. About 25 years ago.
B. About 80 years ago.
C. About 500 years ago.
D. Over 1,000 years ago.
25. ___________, so we CAN’T use wind power all the time.
A. Windmills break all the time
B. We can’t use windmills at night
C. Windmills are too expensive to use all the time
D. Wind doesn’t blow all the time
26. What does the article say about wind power?
A. Most people don’t like it.
B. It’s getting cheaper.
C. Denmark doesn’t use it.
D. It’s getting more expensive.
27. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Expensive Windmills
B. Cheap and Clean Energy
C. Popular and Clean Wind Power
D. Dangerous Birds
（七）【2019 •江苏省宿迁市】
Technology is developing fast and it has become an important part of our life. Then what will the world be like in the future?
3-D food will be both delicious and nutritious(有营养的). We can use 3-D printers to print some basic materials.
①And we can go further. Scientists believe that we just need to turn on a printer in the kitchen and then we can enjoy our favourite food whenever we like.
②5G network will allow many more people to get information. Big companies like China Mobile and China Unicom will start to offer 5G. It is said that promises download speeds 10 to 20 times faster than 4G. For example, we can download a film within just 1 second. But with a 4G network, it takes a few minutes. There will be much bandwidth(带宽) and we can get unlimited(无限的) information.
Underwater cities will provide more space. The earth is becoming more and more crowded. We may turn to underwater homes, which will be built as low as 15 of the sea can be used to provide power for the homes.
③For us common people on the earth, the dream of travelling around space will come true. In the coming years, spacecraft will be as popular as buses, trains and planes. We can leave our home and enter space to take an adventure (冒险). And even we will get used to living there.
A robot will be a part of life. Robots can do many of the same things as we humans do like driving cars. But they will be used in other areas as well. They will be able to think. They can tell the difference between right and wrong. They can feel ④In a word, just as Jules Verne said, ＂Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.＂
28. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the future world is TRUE?
A. 3-D food will be easy to make but won’t taste good.
B. With 5G, users will get only a little information.
C. Underwater cities will provide more living space.
D. A robot will do everything for us as human beings.
29. Where can the sentence ＂Space tour will be a piece of cake.＂Be put?
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
30. What can we infer(推断) from the passage?
A. people will live a hard life in the future.
B. Technology will make our future better.
C. People will have no real friend in the future.
D. Technology will make no difference to our future.
31. Where does the passage probably come from?
A. A storybook.
B. A film poster.
C. A travel guide.
D. A science magazine.
（八）【2019 •山东省滨州市】
On April 19th, a pottery(陶器) exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Experimental Valley School. Many pieces of pottery in different sizes were shown at the school. Some were a bit broken, but all of them were beautiful works of art created by the students.
At the end of last year, the school started a project that called on teachers to collect disused or broken pieces of pottery from the countryside. So far, they have collected about 3,000 pieces.
"Pottery used to play an important role in the daily lives of Chinese people." school head Ma Guoxin told the reporter. "By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways. They can better understand the history of the pottery, put their creativity into the pottery and show the love for life and beauty. "
Students turned the pottery into different works of art .They were all encouraged to paint pictures on the pottery, even though some students didn’t know how to paint. Wang Zixuan, a student from Grade Eight, with little knowledge of painting, painted a beautiful night scenery on a piece of pottery. It was so nice that many students loved it.
Almost every classroom has coloured pieces of pottery. They are either used as flowerpots or pen containers（笔筒）. The school has also set up several art corners to show the pottery. For example, the students have put up some pottery on bookcases outside of a lecture hall（报告厅）It has become an enjoyable place for students to rest and read.
32. On April 19th, a ___________ exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Valley Experiment School.
A. flower
B. film
C. pottery
D. costume
33. According to the passage, ___________ were encouraged to paint the pottery.
A. the students who painted very well
B. the students who got good grades
C. the students who didn’t know how to paint
D. all the students in the school
34. By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways EXCEPT ___________.
A. knowing how to collect pottery
B. better understanding the history of the pottery
C. putting their creativity into the pottery
D. showing the love for life and beauty
35. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The school has collected about 2,000 pieces of pottery so far.
B. Wang Zixuan was a student from Grade Seven.
C. We can’t find any coloured pottery in their classrooms.
D. The students enjoy resting and reading at the art corners.
36. In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?
A. Sports news.
B. Traditional art.
C. Healthy living.
D. Popular music.
（九）【2019 •重庆市中考】
More than 330 million visitors are expected to take part in the 19th National Science and Technology Week in China from May 19 to 26.
During the science week, open days will be held to let people experience how science and technology have improved our live. Around 50,000 scientists will enter schools and villages to educate and work together with local people.
The science week this is a big one because it will show China’s recent scientific achievements. And this year China will celebrate its 70th birthday. It’s an important year for the purpose of building a well-off society(小康社会) by 2020. Since there are still some poor areas in China, science and technology will be very helpful in their development.
Reaching out to the world is also a best part of this year. Expert(专家) from 13 countries within the Belt and Road(一带一路) will take part in the science week and they will also work with the public.
37. The 19th National Science and Technology Week will start on ___________ in China.
A. May 19
B. May 20
C. May 25
D. May 26
38. Many scientists will enter school and villages to ___________.
A. sell the latest products to local people
B. learn more about the local environment
C. collect money for their scientific research
D. educate and work together with local people
39. According to the passage, the science week this year will ___________.
A. send scientists out to the world
B. show China’s recent scientific achievements
C. see new schools built in village
D. improve the social abilities of Chinese people
40. This passage is most probably ___________.
A. a piece of news
B. a piece of advice
C. a story
D. a letter。