2012年11月三级笔译真题
11月翻译资格考题三级英语笔译实务试卷
11月翻译资格考题三级英语笔译实务试卷Section 1：英译汉（50 分）Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric, Chopin.The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum, with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called "Chopin's Poland" was already published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited or even partied."Actually, Chopin doesn't need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin," said Monika Strugala, who is coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of the Fryderyk ChopinInstitute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 to promote and protect Chopin's work and image."We want to confirm to all that he is a very, very important Polish symbol," she said. Indeed, it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood. The son of a Polish mother and a French émigréfather, Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about 50 kilometers, or 30 miles, west of Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the 1930 s it has been a museum and center for concerts. Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, it, too, is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.Chopin spent his first 20 years in and around Warsaw. He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager. He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in 1830, just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising, an abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia, which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polishterritory.Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed. But so attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in 1849 his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment. The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris."For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also,"reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today, preserved in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's"Requiem" will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.Exile and patriotism, as well as extraordinary genius, have long made Chopin's appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces, and patriotic fervor,as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.Section 2：汉译英（50 分）国际金融危机给中国带来了前所未有的困难和挑战。
2012CATTI翻译考试笔译综合能力测试
20122012CATTICATTI 翻译考试笔译综合能力测试Section 1:English –Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts,Part A —“Compulsory Translation”and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic I”and “Topic 2”.For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B,translate the underlined portions,including titles,into Chinese.Above your translation of Part A,write “Compulsory Translation”and above your translation from Part B,write “Topic I”or “Topic 2”(60points,100minutes)Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)(30points)Nowhere to GoFor the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley,all you have to do is to talk to someone like “Nagaraj”(who didn’t want to reveal his real name).He’s an Indian immigrant who,like many other Indian engineers,came to America recently on an H-1B visa,which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years.But one morning last month,Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off.The reason:weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley,“It was the shock of my lifetime,”says Nagaraj.This is not a normal bear-market sob story.According to federal regulation,Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices.They must either return to India,or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS)allow them to transfer their visa to the new company.And the law doesn’t allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy.“How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?”Nagaraj wonders.Until recently,H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region’s shortage of programmers and engineers.First issued by the INS in 1992,they attract skilled workers from other countries,many of whom bring families with them,lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards.Through February 2000,more than 81,000worker held such visas —but with the dot-com crash,many have been getting laid off.That’s causing mass consternation in U.S.immigrant communities.The INS considers a worker “out of status”when he loses a job,which technically means that he must pack up and go home.But because of the scope of this year’s layoffs,the ernment has recently backpedaled,issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa.But even those loopholes remain nebulous.The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America,and the possibilities that they will be sent home.“They are in limbo.It is the greatest form of torture,”says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network.The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few st fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas.Now, with technology firms retrenching,demand for such workers is slowing.Valley heavyweights like Intel,Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year,which include many H-1B workers.The INS reported last month that only16,000new H-1B workers came to the United States in February—down from32,000in February of last year.Last month,acknowledging the scope of the problem,the INS told H-1B holders “not to panic,”and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States.INS spokeswomen Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month.“We are aware of the cutbacks,”she says.“We’re trying to be as generous as we can be within the confines of the existing law.”Part B Choice of Two Translations(二选一题)(30points)Topic1(选题一)What Is the Force of Gravity?If you throw a ball up,it will come down again.What makes it come down?The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth.The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects.Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away.This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity.The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth’s surface is called the weight of the object.All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon,the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects.The bigger and heavier a body is,the greater is its force of gravity.Thus,since the moon is a smaller body than Earth,the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth’s surface.In fact,the moon’s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth.This means that an object weighing120kilograms on Earth will only weigh20 kilograms on the moon.Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.The Earth’s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space.To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull.Entry into SpaceHow can we overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull?Scientists have been working on this for a long time.It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth’s gravitational pull.Such machines are called space rockets.Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth’s gravitational pull and go into space.RocketsThe powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket.The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head.The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel.It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle.A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle.A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.When the gunpowder burns,hot gases rush out of the nozzle.The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns.When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards.This is called jet propulsion.The simple experiment,shown in the picture,will help you to understand jet propulsion.Topic2(选题二)Basketball DiplomacyCHINA”S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream.But Wang Zhizhi,a7-foot-1basketball star from the People’s Liberation Army,is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA.In his first three weeks in America the23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, preside over“Wang Zhizhi Day”in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards.He’s even played in five games with his new team,the Dallas Mavericks,scoring24points in just38minutes.Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs—and he is intent on enjoying every minute.One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson.He leaned back,stretched out and pointed at a plane moving across the star-filled sky.In broken English,he started singing his favorite tune:“I believe I can fly.I believe I can touch the sky.”Back in China,the nation’s other basketball phenom,Yao Ming,can only dream of taking flight.Yao thought he was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The7-foot-5Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang:the20-year-old could be the No.1overall pick in the June NBA draft.But as the May13deadline to enter the draft draws near,Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his st week,as Wang scored13points in the Dallas season finale,Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street. Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts.The twin towers are national treasures,symbols of China’s growing stature in the world. They’re also emblematic of the NBA’s outsize dreams for conquering China.The NBA,struggling at home,sees salvation in the land of1.3billion potential hoop fans. China,determined to win the2008Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world—on its own terms.The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision—this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization.If it works out,it could be—in basketball parlance—the ultimate give-and-go.“This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy,”says Xia Song,a sport-marketing executive who represents Wang.“Only with a much bigger ball.”Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain.Wang’s Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in1999.Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr.—son of the eccentric billionaire—to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA.“You could hear them thinking:‘What is this NBA team doing,trying to lay claim to our property?’”Nelson recalls.“We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China.”There was no deal.Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court.This year Yao became the anointed one.He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding,and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league.It looked as if his Shanghai team—a dynamic semicapitalist club in China’s most open city—would get its star to the NBA first.Then came the March madness.Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title—scoring40in the final game.A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart?No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials(even inviting national-team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000season in Dallas).There was also the small matter of Chinese pride.The national team stumbled to a10th-place finish at the2000Olympics,after placing eighth in1996.Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world’s best players.keys：Part A无家可归这不是正常的有市场疲软而引发的悲剧故事。
2012年11月11日二级笔译真题试译
Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap.
白金汉郡一座小村落深处，有一所伊丽莎白时期的车马驿站，据说莎士比亚曾在这里执笔创作了“仲夏夜之梦”的部分篇章。
Dating from 1534, the inn, now called Shakespeare House, is thought to have been built as a Tudor hunting lodge. Later it became a stop for travelers between London and Stratford-upon-Avon, where Shakespeare was born and buried.
目前，这里除了是房屋主人的居所外，还是供人住宿的豪华客房，房间租住价格从一晚99英镑到250英镑不等。
"Shakespeare House is a wonderful example of Elizabethan architecture," said Dean Heaviside, the national sales director of Fine real estate agency,which is representing the owners. "It has been beautifully restored and offers a unique lifestyle, which brings a taste of the past together with modern-day comfort. It is rare to find a home like this on the market."
2013-2016+年+11+月CATTI+英语三级笔译实务试题+
英语三级《笔译实务》试卷（实务科目）2016.11Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”“It was like being hit over the head and knocked cold,” Lee — who died Friday at age 89，said during a 1964 interview. “I didn’t expect the book to sell in the first place. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of reviewers but at the same time I sort of hoped that maybe someone would like it enough to give me encouragement.”“To Kill a Mockingbird” may not be the Great American Novel. But it’s likely the most universally known work of fiction by an American author over the past 70 years, Lee was cited for her subtle, graceful style and gift for explaining the world through a child’s eye, but the secret to the novel’s ongoing appeal was also in how many books this single book contained.“To Kill a Mockingbird” was a coming-of-age story, a courtroom thriller, a Southern novel, a period piece, a drama about class, and — of course —a drama of race.” All I want to be is the Jane Austen of South Alabama,” she once observed. The story of Lee is essentially the story of her book, and how she responded to it. She was a warm, vibrant and witty woman who played golf, fished, ate at McDonald’s, fed ducks by tossing seed corn out of a Cool Whip tub, read voraciously, and got about to plays and concerts. She just didn’t want to talk about it before an audience.“To Kill a Mockingbird” was an instant and ongoing hit, published in 1960, as the civil rights movement was accelerating. It’s the story of a girl nicknamed Scout growing up in a Depression-era Southern town. A black man has been wrongly accused of raping a white woman, and Scout’s father, the resolute lawyer, defends him despite threats and the scorn of many. Praised by The New Yorker as “skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious,” the book won the Pulitzer Prize and was made into a memorable movie in 1962.“Mockingbird” inspired a generation of young lawyers and social workers, was assigned in high schools all over the country and was a popular choice for citywide, or nationwide, reading programs, although it was also occasionally removed from shelves for its racial content and references to rape. By 2015, sales topped 40 million copies.When the Library of Congress did a survey in 1991 on books that have affected people’s lives, “To Kill a Mockingbird” was second only to the Bible. Lee herself became more elusive to the public as her book became more famous. At first, she dutifully promoted her work. She spoke frequently to the press, wrote about herself and gave speeches, once to a class of cadets at West Point.But shebegan declining interviews in the mid-1960s and, until late in her life, firmly avoided making any public comment about her novel or her career.Her novel, while hugely popular, was not ranked by many scholars in the same category as the work of other Southern authors Decades after its publication, little was written about it in scholarly journals. Some critics have called the book naive and sentimental, whether dismissing the Ku Klux Klan as a minor nuisance or advocating change through personal persuasion rather than collective action.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.本公司是一家大型国有房地产上市公司，国家一级房地产开发资质企业，连续五年荣膺中国房地产行业领导公司品牌。
英语三级笔译真题(史上最全)
2006年5月人事部三级笔译真题第一部分英译汉Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year."It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat."The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries itsown rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.第二部分汉译英维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。
2011-2020CATTI英语三级笔译实务试题
2011-2020.11CATTI英语三级笔译实务科目试题（2021.02整理版）使用说明：本资料实务科目试题主要靠考友分享信息、回忆整理，难免与考试实际题目存有出入。
整理发布仅供学习参考之用，为避免过多修改原始来源产生语义及文本错误，整理时尽可能不对原始来源进行过多修改。
如有个别句段字眼差异还请谅解。
暂无法提供与原始考试完全一致试题回忆，还请见谅。
综合科目因主要为选择题、阅读题、完形填空（有选项），难以回忆整理，故网上基本无资源。
实务试题答案可参考官方出版的历年真题、韩刚老师《90天突破CATTI三级笔译》系列书目或关注CATTI考试资料与资讯微信公众号（扫码可关注）、微博推送的部分考友投稿版本。
CATTI英语三级笔译实务试题2020.11Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.(50points)来源金融时报|整理@Bcup肚肚的多啦A梦原文链接如下，考试时内容有删减及修改https:///content/16ef6eb2-9a8d-11e6-8f9b-70e3cabccfaeAt51,Cathy wanted to put her Oxford physics degree and former experience to better use.She had worked part-time in a school for several years while her three children were young,but she wanted to get back into the corporate world.Several applications later,she was getting nowhere.Then a friend told her about“returnships”,a form of work experience that some companies are experimenting with to help older people—mainly women—return to work,often after breaks to care for families.Cathy eventually secured a place on an11-week“Career Returners”programme with O2,open to men and women,which included being buddied with a20-year-old male student.He helped to acquaint her with new technology,such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’s virtual private network from her laptop so she could work from home but still access internal files.“On the assessment day,I thought they must have been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking at us for specific roles.They were just thinking,‘These women have a lot to offer,let’s see what they can do.’That was refreshing.”O2is one of a clutch of companies,in the UK and the US,that have spotted an opportunity in hiring female returnees,who can put to use again technical skills learnt earlier in their careers.Fans of returnships—the concept was pioneered in2008by the late Brenda Barnes,former chief executive at food company Sara Lee—believe middle-aged women returning after a break make particularly good employees,because they bring a fresh perspective.Women tend to combine high emotional intelligence with strong leadership and organisational skills.There is a“massive pool of highly skilled people who want to return to work,”says head of human resources at an engineering company.“Recruitment agencies typically view people who have had two years out as a risk,but we see them as a great opportunity.”In fact,by hiring female returnees,companies can access hard skills these women developed in their former high-level jobs—and for a discount.In return,employers coach older females back into working life.Through her returnship,she gained a full-time role as an operations data consultant,handling projects within service management at O2.She still is earning less than she would like to.“But it’s a foot in the door and the salary is up for review in six months,”she says.It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care for young government figures show that women account for around90per cent of people on extended career breaks for caring reasons.A lack of older women working,particularly in highly skilled roles,is costing the UK economy £50bn a year,according to a report last year.This was the amount that women over the age of50 would have earned in2015.The report found that men over50took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that age range in2015.It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled,part-time roles older women often accept.Some41per cent of women in work in the UK do so part-time,as opposed to only11per cent of men.This issue is not restricted to the UK.A study last year by economists found“robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women”in a range of white and blue-collar jobs.The data show that it is harder for older women to find jobs than it is for older men regardless of whether they have taken a break from working.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into English.摘自：外交部和国家互联网信息办公室《网络空间国际合作战略》/zxbd/wz/Document/1543852/1543852.htm当今世界，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。
2012年11月CATTI
2012年11月CA TTI：二级三级口译实务试题点评2012年11月CA TTI全国翻译资格考试后，南京沃尔得英语的专家针对笔译实务科目进行具体点评，结合考试中出现的句子段落，对具体的细节翻译进行剖析和分解，帮助考生消化考试真题。
三级口译实务试题点评：对话翻译：总体上比较简单。
只要了解情况，基本上不会产生太大的偏差，需要注意的是表达，特别是汉译英的表达要尽量地道。
下面仅就其中一部分较难表达法加以解释。
Take to the street上街游行。
Burn with dissatisfaction内心极度不满。
广泛的怨气great grievance or hatredjob scarce工作很难找pension right diminishing养老金减少inflation eat away their savings通胀正在蚕食储蓄（储蓄因通胀而减少）这些怨气会产生什么政治影响：What is the political consequence of these public anger?If there is no coherent agenda如果缺乏统一的目标（计划）所以政治家应该勇于担当，迅速采取行动：The politicians must be courageous with their responsibility and take prompt actions.政治家还应该讲真话，尤其讲明问题出在哪儿：Politicians also have to be honest. Particularly, they should tell the public honestly what the root of the problem is.The assault on the whole of globalization is unwarranted.对于全球化的全面攻击是站不住脚的。
翻译三级笔译实务2012年11月
翻译三级笔译实务2012年11月第一部分英汉译1. For more than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Generson. On one （江南博哥）of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black comers, old but in good condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of the previous owner: "L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY."That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A couple of the books are still pristine, but others—"Bleak House," "David Copperfield," and especially "Great Expectations"— have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over the years, Pip and Estella and Magwitch have kept me company. So have Lady Dedlock, Steerforth and Peggotty, the Cratchits and the Pecksniffs and the Veneerings. And so, in his silent enigmatic way, has L.R. Generson.Did he love the books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There wasn't much—a single mention on a veterans' website of a World War Ⅱ captain named Leonard Generson. But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral surgeon living in New Jersey. Since Generson is not a common name, I decided to write to him.Dr. Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me that his father, Leonard Richard Generson, was born in 1909. He lived in New York City but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland. He spoke 10 languages fluently～ As an obstetrician and gynecologist, he opened a practice in the Bronx shortly before World War Ⅱ. His son described him as "an extremely patriotic individual"; right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and enlisted～ He served throughout the war as a general surgeon with an airborne special forces unit in Europe, where he became one of the war's most highly decorated physicians.The list of his decorations reflects his ordeals and his courage: multiple Purple Hearts, the Bronze Star with for valor, the Silver Star, and also the Cross of War, an extremely high honor from the government of France. After the war, he remained in the Army Reserve and attained the rank of full colonel, while also continuing his medical practice in New York. "He was a very dedicated physician who had a large patient following," his son wrote.Leonard Generson's son didn't remember the Dickens set, though he told me that there were always a lot of novels in the house. His mother probably "cleaned house" after his father's death in 1977—the same year my husband bought the set in a used book store.I found this letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an intelligent, brave man and his life of service. At the same time, it made me question my presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I were connected because we'd owned the same set of books. The letter both told me a little about him, and told me that I would never really know anything about him—and why should I? His son must have been startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile pretext. What had I been thinking?One possible, and only somewhat facetious, answer is that I've read too much Dickens. In the world of a Dickens novel, everything is connected to everything else. Orphans find families. Lovers are joined (or parted and morally strengthened). Ancient mysteries are solved and old scores are settled. Questions are answered. Stories end.Dickens's cluttered network of connected lives brilliantly exaggerates something that is true of all of us. We want to impose order through telling stories, maybe because there is so much wedon't know about our own stories and the stories of those around us.Leonard Generson's life touched mine only lightly, through the coincidence of a set of books. But there are other lives he touched more deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of him and his military service and his 10 languages. And I will think of the hundreds of babies he must have delivered, who are now in the middle of their own lives and their own stories.正确答案：三十多年来，我一直想知道L.R. 杰内森(L.R. Generson)到底是何许人。
2012翻译资格考试笔译实务试题
2012翻译资格考试笔译实务试题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation(英译汉)(60 point) The time for this section is 100 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)(30 points)It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about.With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here.“With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this,” Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermen’s cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. “That is a fortune for people like us,” he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work.But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a “mother boat” equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the river’s main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets.A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fis hing operations, as well as some of the peasants’ less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations.“The industrial fishing boats, the big 20- to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account,” said the president of the local fishermen’s union. “They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing.”Part B Optional Translations (二选一题) (30 points)Topic 1 (选题一) Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basictheory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open trade—free of tariffs, quotas, subsidies or other government distortions—improves the well-being of both parties. U.S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called “comparative advantage”.Here’s a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing operations and performing routine blood tests, it’s more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time.By extension, even if the United States is efficient both at inventing advanced biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend their resources on even more valuable pursuits, That, anyway, has always been the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lowerwage country also captures the advanced industry?If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U.S. purchasing power.“Free trade is not always a win-win situa tion,” Samuelson concludes. It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any product or offer almost any service performed in the United States.If America trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower will begin dragging down U.S. average wages. The U.S. economy may still grow, he calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have.Topic 2 (选题二) Uga nda’s eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren’s smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since 1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education, total primary enrollment had risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schools have opened where none existed before, although there is some way to go in reaching the poorest areas of the country.Uganda has also made strides in secondary and higher education, to the point that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary level, enrollment is above 700,000, with the private sector providing the majority if schools. For those who want to take their education further, there are 12 privateuniversities in addition to the four publicly funded institutions, together providing 75,000 places.Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle for better health is another, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS. Here, the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue spending public money on preventive care and better public health information.Current government plants include recruiting thousands of nurses, increasing the availability of drugs and building 200 new maternity units.Uganda’s high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a special challenge in the fight against poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female, is the highest in Africa.The government’s newly revised Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) puts the “restoration of security” at the top of the current government agenda. This is because it estimates that Uganda has lost 3 percent of its gross domestic product each year that the conflict has persisted. Displaced people are not only a financial burden, they are unable to the economy.The other core challenges identified by the revised PEAP are finding ways to keep the lowest income growing, improving the quality of education, giving people more control over the size of their families and using public resources transparently and efficiently. It is a document that other poor countries could learn from.KEYS：Section 1: 英译汉 (60分)Part A (必译题)(30分)在亚马逊河的这一支流上捕鱼的农民就希望遇上那天的情况。
2012年翻译资格考试笔译综合能力试题（三）
Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication. The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mall traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects. The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mall and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature. The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mall. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mall purposefully include misleading information in the messages' subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simpleand reliable ways for recipients to reject (or 'opt-out' of) receipt of commercial electronic mall from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such 'opt-out' mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both. Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service. The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mall cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of techno-logical approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well. 91. According to the passage, efficiency of e-mail is threatened by ______ A. heavy e-mail traffic B. fraudulent e-mail messages C. large volume of messages D. increasing amount of unwanted e-mail 92. Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail? A. It costs money to receive them. B. It's free to store them. C. It takes time to access them. D. It takes time to throw them away. 93. Unwanted e-mail may ______ A. cause companies to fail in business B. cause wanted e-mail messages to lose C. damage the credit of a company D. do good to a small company 94. "Pornographic" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______A. decentB. instructionalC. sexualD. commercial 95. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services? A. Raising their cost. B. Raising the Internet speed. C. Improving their business. D. Attracting investment. 96. "Disguise" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______A. revealB. hideC. deliverD. post 97. The word "induce" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______A. cheatB. introduceC. provideD. harm 98. "Opt-out" mechanism is probably ______ A. a machine that can be attached to your computer B. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to read C. a software that you can play a computer game D. an e-mail that says some good words to you 99. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probably spread ______A. harmful virusB. unpleasant newsC. advertisementsD. adult jokes 100. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if ______ A. the government takes action B. a new technology is adopted C. more people are aware of the problem D. joint efforts are made and new technology is used Section 3: Cloze Test (20 points) In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 20 minutes. Insurance is the sharing of (1) . Nearly everyone is exposed (2) risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his (3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by (4) and (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. ff these persons each put a (6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to (7) the needs of the few who do suffer (8) , In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the (9) . This is the basis of (10) . Those who pay the contributions are known as (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer. The (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested (13) past experience, ff thecompanies fix their premiums too (14) , there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose (15) . On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have (16) and may even have to drop out (17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and (18) keep premiums at a proper (19) to both insurers and those who (20) insurance.。
2012年11月三级笔译真题
翻译行业建议首先要强调的是，这是一篇网文，通读全篇后，我觉得很有意义和价值。
让我对于翻译行业有了一个更清晰的认识，不再那么想当然。
转载如下：作为一名在翻译圈混了10年的圈内人，从软件开发、汉化到专业技术翻译逐渐并行，从客户、翻译公司、专职或自由译员三位一体的角色都经历过，现说说我三个角色的译事经历。
本人经历都侧重笔译。
成为一个合格的笔译译员，语言能力、专业知识要经过5，6年。
均月收入1万。
走上这条路，是因为自己对语言的钟爱和兴趣。
但10年经历，给我的感受是：做文字翻译工作很辛苦，喜爱也要选择离开. 国内翻译行业现状: 95％的翻译公司是“洗衣房”，基本所有投简历应聘笔译的人都不胜任。
报价逐年下降。
积累了多年翻译经验的合格的译员，最后会选择离开。
我算不上优秀翻译，但坚持了10年，在同行里算坚持很久了。
下面是根据自己10年来，在不同角色岗位上的真实经历，对客户、翻译公司、译员的建议，对客户理性的价格、翻译公司提供保证质量的服务、合格的译员等方面阐述。
对客户说的话：1. 不要指望专家给你提供翻译服务，真正的专家不挣你这个钱！有幸得到专家看一看就不错了！翻译公司是养不起这样的专家的；不要迷信外语学院的教授，他们自己不会亲自做的，而是找几个研究生来做，外语水平好的，专业知识欠缺；有专业背景知识的，语言水平往往欠缺；不要迷信海归，做翻译的海归，差不多都是海待；听说能力还可以，笔译和写作能力不入流。
专业知识和实践经验尤其欠缺；道理简单：中文听说没有问题的人中，文盲也很多。
2. 如果选择和自由译员合作，专业知识、语言水平、翻译经验缺一不可，选择有该专业领域3、5年以上的译员合作，比较靠谱；专业的Soho一族最好，这些人现在也比较好找，很多人在一些大的门户网站上有自己的博客或空间，看看他们会写一些翻译经验点滴，注意不是转载。
一个译员正常的工作量（包括翻译、排版、一般的编辑检查工作）：8－10小时，大约最多是3000－3500外文单词量，2500－3000是正常，这一点是保证质量的基本前提；如果译员对你说，他一天能做到5千以上，你就可以怀疑翻译质量；如果说能翻译到6千以上，肯定是扯。
精品-2012年11月翻译资格考试三级口译真题下
2012年11月翻译资格考试三级口译真题下一、综合能力 10点-11点第一大题 true or false1. 57th 美国大选 obama的对手是第三党而不是共和党候选人2. People’s hall 面积比 the temple of heaven and golden city 都大3. 谁到访中东国家和以色列4. Ipad is the marker leader, samsung紧随其后5. 塔姆克鲁斯和老婆争suri抚养权第二大题1. Google glass 有哪些元素 screen camera 等没有navigator2. Shenzhou9 test space station tiangong 1 jiuquan center 都出现3. 埃及总统Morsy在constitutionnal 。
就职，在大学发表演讲4. US RED CROSSd 作用，给地震受害者提供emotional support not financial support5. Tesco 作为一个uk retailer 在世界零售业的地位，去年在美国业务缩水175million?6. Du pont herbicide 的使用者 homeowners?第三大题1 Learning ChineseJim Rogers 9岁在女儿在Chinese language school 学习?or最小的女儿在幼儿园老师教中文Class hour? 以及学习语言的途径2 EUEuro?为什么成员国想退出欧元区?周边国家举措?德国银行、ECB贷款，流动性大理想的欧盟应该发挥什么作用?Euro bond issurance?3 grand east Japan earthquake性质：quake、tsunami、afterquake。
Combination or complicated by…受到影响的县福岛县受损情况京东(坑爹，没按照题干顺序，凌乱了)福岛人民因核辐射撤离4 prince of wales王子送给william的结婚礼物到底是什么?wardrode?王子年收入Middleton family 为婚礼的哪些东西花钱?王子与duchess of Cambridge的关系?送她dress么吗?王子的life有 3个chauffeurSummary：Four stages from pain to healing when one lost his beloved person:。
2012年11月3日成人英语考试真题
It seems like every day there's some new research about whether our favorite drinks are good for us ,(76)One day ,science says a glass of red wine a day will help us live longer The next day ,maybe not It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee .Now there's been a lot of research into whether coffee's good for our health "the results have really been mixed", admits Neal freedman who led the coffee study and published his findings in a medical journal recently."There's been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and there's also been maybe more recent evidence that coffee may protect against other diseases as well"。
Freedman and his colleagues undertook the biggest study yet to look at the relationship between coffee and health They analyzed data collected from more than 400,000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study "We found that the coffee drinkers had a modestly lower risk of death than the non-drinkers ,"he said .Here's what he means by "modestly":those who drank at least two or three cups a day were about 10 percent or 15 percent less likely to die for any reason during the 13 years of the study when the researchers looked at specific causes of death ,coffee drinking appeared to cut the risk of dying from heart disease lung disease injuries ,accidents and infectionsNow ,Freedman stressed that the study doesn't prove coffee can make people live longer. A study like this can never prove a cause-and-effect relationship (77)All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation And even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scientists have no idea whyAccording to the first paragraph, reporters would like to know the research findings of ___A . tea B. beer C. alcohol D. coffeeAccording to the passage, which of the following is TRUCE?Freedman and his colleagues hired 400,00 Americans to collect date。
英语翻译资格三级笔译真题
英语翻译资格三级笔译真题11月英语翻译资格三级笔译真题（网友版）三级笔译：《三级笔译实务》1. 英译汉：文章来源为美国国务院网站，原文标题为：Beaverton: Oregon’s Most Diverse CityStroll through the farmers’market and you will hear a plethora of languages and see a rainbow of faces. Drive down Canyon Road and stop for halal meat or Filipino pork belly at adjacent markets. Along the highway, browse the aisles of a giant Asian supermarket stocking fresh napa cabbage and mizuna or fresh kimchi. Head toward downtown and you’ll see loncheras —taco trucks —on street corners and hear Spanish bandamusic. On the city’s northern edge, you can sample Indian chaat. Welcome to Beaverton, a Portland suburb that is home to Oregon’s fastest growing immigrant popul ation. Once a rural community, Beaverton, population 87,000, is now the sixth largest city in Oregon —with immigration rates higher than those of Portland, Oregon’s largest city.Best known as the world headquarters for athletic shoe company Nike, Beaverton has changed dramatically over the past 40 years. Settled by immigrants from northern Europe in the 19th century, today it is a place where 80 languages from Albanian to Urdu are spoken in the public schools and about 30 percent of students speak a language besides English, according to English as a Second Language program director Wei Wei Lou.Beaverton’s wave of new residents began arriving in the 1960s, with Koreans and Tejanos (Texans of Mexican origin), who were the first permanent Latinos. In 1960, Beaverton’spopulation of Latinos and Asians was less than 0.3 percent. By 2000,Beaverton had proportionately more Asian and Hispanic residents than the Portland metro area. Today, Asians comprise 10 percent and Hispanics 11 percent of Beaverton’s populat ion.Mayor Denny Doyle says that many in Beaverton view the immigrants who are rapidly reshaping Beaverton as a source of enrichment. “Citizens here especially in the arts and culture community think it’s fantastic that we have all these different possibil itiees here,” he says.Gloria Vargas, 50, a Salvadoran immigrant, owns a popular small restaurant, Gloria’s Secret Café, in downtown Beaverton. “I love Beaverton,” she says. “I feel like I belong here.” Her mother moved her to Los Angeles as a teenager in 1973, and she moved Oregon in 1979. She landed a coveted vendor spot in the Beaverton Farmers Market in 1999. Now in addition to running her restaurant, she has one of the most popular stalls there, selling up to 200 Salvadoran tamales —wrapped in banana leaves rather than corn husks —each Saturday. “Once they buy my food, they alw ays come back for more,” she says.“It’s pretty relaxed here,” says Taj Suleyman, 28, born and raised in Lebanon, and recently transplanted to Beaverton to start a job working with immigrants from many countries. Half Middle Eastern and half African, Suleyman says he was attracted to Beaverton specifically because of its diversity. He serves on a city-sponsored Diversity Task Force set up by Mayor Doyle.Mohammed Haque, originally from Bangladesh, finds Beaverton very welcoming. His daughter, he boasts, was even elected her high school’s homecoming queen.South Asians such as Haque have transformed Bethany, aneighborhood north of Beaverton. It is dense with immigrants from Gujarat, a state in India and primarysource for the first wave of Beaverton’s South Asian immigrants.The first wave of South Asian immigrants to Beaverton, mostly Gujaratis from India, arrived in the 1960s and 1970s, when the motel and hotel industry was booming. Many bought small hotels and originally settled in Portland, and then relocated to Beaverton for better schools and bigger yards. The second wave of South Asians arrived during the high-tech boom of the 1980s, when the software industry, and Intel and Tektronix, really took off.Many of Beaverton’s Asians converge at Uwajimaya, a 30,000-square-foot supermarket near central Beaverton. Bernie Capell, former specialevents coordinator at Uwajimaya, says that many come to shop for fresh produce every day. But the biggest group of shoppers at Uwajimaya, she adds, are Caucasians.Beaverton’s Asian population boasts a sizable number of Koreans, who began to arrive in the late 1960s and early 1970s.According to T ed Chung, a native of Korea and Beaverton resident since 1978, three things stand out about his fellow Korean immigrants. Upon moving to Beaverton, they join a Christian church —often Methodist or Presbyterian —as a gathering place; they push their children to excel in school; and they shun the spotlight.Chung says he and his fellow Korean émigrés work hard as small businessmen —owning groceries, dry cleaners, laundromats, delis, and sushi shops — and are frugal so they can send their children to a leading university.Most recently, immigrants from Central and South America,as well as refugees from Iraq and Somalia, have joined the Beaverton community.Many Beaverton organizations help immigrants.The Beaverton Resource Center helps all immigrants with health and literacy services.The Somali Family Education Center helps Somalis and other African refugees to get settl ed. And one Beaverton elementary school even came up with the idea of a “sew in”—parents of students sewing together —to welcome Somali Bantu parents and bridge major cultural differences.Historically white churches, such as Beaverton First United Methodist Church, offer immigration ministries. And Beaverton churches of all denominations host Korean- or Spanish-language services.Beaverton’s Mayor Doyle wants refugee and immigrant leaders to participate in the town’s decision-making. He set up a Divers ity Task Force whose mission is “to build inclusive and equitable communities in the City of Beaverton.” The task force is working to create a multicultural community center for Beavertonians of all backgrounds.The resources and warm welcome that Beaverton gives immigrants are reciprocated in the affection that many express for their new home.Kaltun Caynan, 40, a Somali woman who came to Beaverton in 2001 fleeing civil war, is an outreach coordinator for the Somali Family Education Center. “I like it so much,” she said, cheerfully. “Nobody discriminate[s against] me, everybody smiling at me.”参考译文：漫步走过农贸市场，你会听到各种语言，见到各式各样的面孔。
11月翻译资格考题三级英语笔译实务试卷
11月翻译资格考题三级英语笔译实务试卷Section 1：英译汉（50 分）This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made tolocal water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains.The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency's report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency's proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help their communities," he said. "That's especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. "It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of differentapproaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.Section 2：汉译英（50 分）即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。
2012下半年度英语三级笔译综合能力考题精选
2012下半年度英语三级笔译综合能力考题精选一、英翻中议会经过近一年的激烈争论却没有制定相关的联邦法案，对于未来克隆人的国家争论已经转移到了各个州。
6个州已经禁止了各种形式的科龙，并且仅在今年，就有22个州制定了38条反对克隆的措施。
来自跟各方面与这件事有关的人认为，有这件事促使而制定的法律是的这件事笼罩在了阴云中，因为是该限制克隆还是全面禁止克隆，怎样来限制或禁止克隆的问题仍未解决。
1997年科学家们宣布克隆羊多利，第一头克隆成功的哺乳动物的诞生时，克隆婴儿是成人基因复制这一恐惧一直充斥着公众的心理以及立法者的头脑。
现如今，人们普遍认为再生克隆是不安全的，应该被禁止；现在，争论已经从婴儿制造的伦理道德问题转移到了为了治愈疾病而克隆细胞和组织胚胎的伦理问题上。
争论双方是信教的保守派以及反对堕胎者，他们认为胚胎就是生命；另一方是病人，科学家以及生物科学行业。
二、中翻英At present, Asia’s development is facing a new opportunity as well as a new challenge. In general, Asia still constitutes the most economic energy with the development potential. Deep development of economic globalization and vast improvement of science and technology contribute to Asian countries’ making use of foreign capital, importing advance technology, developing international market and promoting the development of national economy. However, security situation in some part of Asia still remains unoptimistic and the fight against terrorism still needs to be implemented thoroughly. Economic globalization has brought development opportunity, while at the same time what have been increased are uncertainty on international economy situation, the difficulty on economy adjustment within local development and the risk of encountering foreign impact.三、Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the coppresponding space in your Answer Booklet.2、中国现在是、今后相当长时间仍将是一个发展中国家。
2012年上下半年CATTI三级笔译实务真题
2012年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译实务Section1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（50 points）Translatethe following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 100 minutes. PALOS DE LA FRONTERA, Spain — Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school. But Europe beckoned. In his West African homeland, Mr. Jallow‟s salary was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia‟s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe.Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge. “We are not bush people,” he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.”The political upheaval in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. Already some 25,000 have reached the island of Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds more have arrived at Malta. The boats, at first, brought mostly Tunisians. But lately there have been more sub-Saharans. Experts say thousands more — many of whom have been moving around North Africa trying to get to Europe for years, including Somalis, Eritreans, Senegalese and Nigerians — are likely to follow, sure that a better life awaits them. But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch. “It keeps the hunger away,” he said. The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges and vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jallow‟s. From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes, stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches. “There is everything in there,” said Diego Cañamero, the leader of the farm workers‟union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.” The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters. “So many lies,” he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.” 3Even now, though, Mr. Jallow will not consider going back to Gambia. “I would prefer to die here,” he said. “I cannot go home empty-handed. If I went home, they would be saying, …Whathave you been doing with yourself, Amadou?‟They think in Europe there is money all over.”The immigrants — virtually all of them are men — cluster by nationality and look for work on the farms. But Mr. Cañamero says they are offered only the least desirable work, like handling pesticides, and little of it at that. Most have no working papers. Occasionally, the police bring bulldozers to tear down the shelters. But the men, who have usually used their family‟s life savings to get here, are mostly left alone — the conditions they live under are an open secret in the nearby villages. The mayor of Palos de La Frontera did not return phone calls about the camp. But Juan José Volante, the mayor of nearby Moguer, which has an even larger encampment, issued a statement saying the town did not have enough money to help the men. “The problem is too bigfor us,” he said. “Of course, we would like to do more.” On a warm spring night, some of the men play cards sitting on the plastic pesticide containers and broken furniture they have collected from the trash. Some drift into town to socialize and buy supplies, if they have money. But they are not welcome in the local bars. During the World Cup last year, the farm workers‟union arranged fora truck to set up a giant television screen in the forest so the men could watch it. “The bars don‟t want them,” Mr. Cañamero said. “They say the men smell bad and they are not good for business. Most of them are Muslim, and they don‟t buy alcohol.” Mr. Jallow had his mother‟s blessing but had not told his father about his plans when he left home on his bicycle in 2002, heading for Senegal, where he hoped to find a boat to the Canary Islands. He ended up in Guinea-Bissau, where, one night two years later, he got word that a boat for Europe would leave in a few hours. There were so many people aboard — 131 — that he was barely able to move for the 11 days he spent at sea. The last five days were without food and water. Passengers were vomiting constantly, he said. The young man sitting next to him died one night, though no one noticed until the morning. His body was thrown overboard. “A lot of us could not walk when they took us off the boat,” he recalled. “I could still walk, but it was l ike I was drunk. I put myself in God‟s hands that he would take care of me.” After 40 days in a detention center in the Canary Islands he was brought to the mainland and released with a standard order to leave the country. “I thought I was going to be a mi llionaire,” Mr. Jallow said. His mother managed to get an uncle on the phone who said he would meet him at a train station. But when he arrived there, his uncle‟s phone rang and rang. Later, he learned his uncle lived nowhere near the station. Soon, he was steered to the forestby other immigrants. In the six years he has lived in Spain, Mr. Jallow has found temporary workin restaurants or in the fields, sometimes making 30 euros, or about $42, for 10 hours of work. He says he has made about 12,000 euros, close to $17,000, since coming to Europe, and sent maybe a third of it home. He has not talked to his family in months because he has no money. “Times are bad for everyone here,” he said. “Not long ago, I saw my uncle in the woods. But I told him hewas no thing to me.” 4Section2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (50 points)Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 80 minutes. 今年是中国加入世贸组织10周年。
2012上半年度英语三级笔译综合能力考题精选
2012上半年度英语三级笔译综合能力考题精选This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Part 1 Vocabulary Selection来源：考试大In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of______________ materials.A. primitiveB. roughC. originalD. raw来源:考试大2. With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very ______________ for thestudents.A. hostileB. anxiousC. tediousD. obscure3. Whenever the government increases public services, ______________ because more workers are needed to carry out these services.A. employment to riseB. employment risesC. which rising employmentD. the rise of employment4. Our flight to Guangzhou was______________ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.A. delayedB. adjournedC. cancelledD. preserved来源：考试大5. Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but______________ in winter.A. should beB. would beC. preferredD. preferably6. Both longitude and latitude ______________ in degrees, minutes and seconds.A. measuringB. measuredC. are measuredD. being measured7. Most comets have two kinds of tails, one made up of dust, ______________ made up of electrically charged particles called plasma.A. one anotherB. the otherC. other onesD. each other8. Good pencil erasers are soft enough not______________ paper but hard enough so that they crumble gradually when used.A. by damagingB. so that they damageC. to damageD. damaging9. The magician picked several persons______________ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.A. by accidentB. at randomC. on occasionD. on average10. On turning the comer, they saw the path______________ steeply.A. departingB. descending考试论坛C. decreasingD. degenerating11. English language publications in China are growing in volume and______________ .A. circulationB. rotationC. circumstanceD. appreciation12. Hydroponics ______________ the cultivation of plants without soil.A. doesB. is考试大C. doD. are13. To impose computer technology ______________ teachers is to create an environment that is not conducive to learning.A. withB. toC. inD. on14. Marketing is ______________just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.A. rather thanB. other thanC. bigger thanD. more than15. ______________ a language family is a group of languages with a common origin and similar vocabulary, grammar, and sound system.A. What linguists callB. It is called by linguistsC. Linguists call itD. What do linguists call16. In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famous for ______________ pottery.A. it madeB. itsC. the makingD. where its17. ______________ get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A. ChildrenB. Children, when theyC. As childrenD. For children to。
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翻译行业建议首先要强调的是，这是一篇网文，通读全篇后，我觉得很有意义和价值。
让我对于翻译行业有了一个更清晰的认识，不再那么想当然。
转载如下：作为一名在翻译圈混了10年的圈内人，从软件开发、汉化到专业技术翻译逐渐并行，从客户、翻译公司、专职或自由译员三位一体的角色都经历过，现说说我三个角色的译事经历。
本人经历都侧重笔译。
成为一个合格的笔译译员，语言能力、专业知识要经过5，6年。
均月收入1万。
走上这条路，是因为自己对语言的钟爱和兴趣。
但10年经历，给我的感受是：做文字翻译工作很辛苦，喜爱也要选择离开. 国内翻译行业现状: 95％的翻译公司是“洗衣房”，基本所有投简历应聘笔译的人都不胜任。
报价逐年下降。
积累了多年翻译经验的合格的译员，最后会选择离开。
我算不上优秀翻译，但坚持了10年，在同行里算坚持很久了。
下面是根据自己10年来，在不同角色岗位上的真实经历，对客户、翻译公司、译员的建议，对客户理性的价格、翻译公司提供保证质量的服务、合格的译员等方面阐述。
对客户说的话：1. 不要指望专家给你提供翻译服务，真正的专家不挣你这个钱！有幸得到专家看一看就不错了！翻译公司是养不起这样的专家的；不要迷信外语学院的教授，他们自己不会亲自做的，而是找几个研究生来做，外语水平好的，专业知识欠缺；有专业背景知识的，语言水平往往欠缺；不要迷信海归，做翻译的海归，差不多都是海待；听说能力还可以，笔译和写作能力不入流。
专业知识和实践经验尤其欠缺；道理简单：中文听说没有问题的人中，文盲也很多。
2. 如果选择和自由译员合作，专业知识、语言水平、翻译经验缺一不可，选择有该专业领域3、5年以上的译员合作，比较靠谱；专业的Soho一族最好，这些人现在也比较好找，很多人在一些大的门户网站上有自己的博客或空间，看看他们会写一些翻译经验点滴，注意不是转载。
一个译员正常的工作量（包括翻译、排版、一般的编辑检查工作）：8－10小时，大约最多是3000－3500外文单词量，2500－3000是正常，这一点是保证质量的基本前提；如果译员对你说，他一天能做到5千以上，你就可以怀疑翻译质量；如果说能翻译到6千以上，肯定是扯。
所以您要防止这些人转包或分包（因为翻译很辛苦，都想挣钱快；如果分包给水平相当的译员，他就无利可图，转包就是为了以次充好），你就要求他每天把翻译的文稿提交给你，看不看在你，但这是一种警示！即便从翻译公司接活的译员，也常常转包给他人，自己赚取轻松钱！（曾经在一家软件开发公司上班时，一份2万字的稿子以150元委托给翻译公司，交回来的译稿问题多多，要求和译员对质，找到第四个人才找到真正的译者，是一个刚毕业学外语的女孩，以25元做的，转包了四次到最后一个译员手里，翻译公司的控制和质量可想而知）。
这些专业译员，大都会使用一些辅助翻译软件如TRADOS、SDLX、Startransit、wordfast、de javu等等，你就要求他先给你提供文稿中术语的双语对照，不要白不要！译员提供术语的过程，就要通读原文稿，对译文质量也是一种督促！对于翻译质量如何，其实也很好鉴别，你把他提供给译文中，读起来别扭的句子或组织不好的句子，用自己的话用中文写一遍，就知道了！翻译的重点是译而不是翻（法律文件或专利文档除外），当然，有些译员会自圆其说，完全背离原文，这就要看你仔细对照原文看了。
这些译员的服务价格（英译汉为例）：在北京、上海、深圳等城市，低一点约180元/千字英文（或80元/千字中文，一般英中文字比例大约是1：1.8，这一点猫腻也是有的，如果你报的价格低一点，译员就可能很正常的多出1/10的译文量，这对于经验丰富的译员，不难做到，所以这个比例数也是对你也是很重要的。
不过要看具体文体。
这一比例不适合某些文体。
）；其他地方的译员便宜一些；如果你的的文档难度大，要求高，属于正式印刷出版，价格还有高一点。
对于价格，从30元到500元/千字都有的，但质量怎么样，有时并不以你的报价所决定。
对于坚持做的，做好质量控制，遴选合格译员还是要下点力气的。
控制质量方面，做好质量跟踪和审译，不要以兼职译员或自由译员的稿件作为终稿，提交给客户；增加一道编辑程序就能大为改观，但是客户报价要合适，否则翻译公司是不可能增加这两项工作的成本的；至于使用练手的译员，有时也能蒙混客户，从而追求利益最大化，不好评述；再说新手都是这么成长起来的，我自己也不例外。
常有翻译公司和译员应为翻译质量发生纠纷，拒绝付费，自己疏于管理，没有提前发现问题，等到人家交稿了，挑这个毛病，挑那个毛病，译员很容易想到是翻译公司耍赖。
3. 遴选译员。
招聘过译员的人都有这样的经历，现在的网络招聘很方便，费用也不多，虽然投简历的人也很多，但是能找到可以用的译员，太少！投简历的人中，70％是想做翻译的新手，当然有语言水平很好的，但缺乏翻译经验，尤其是缺乏你所需要的专业领域的经验，基本不能拿来就用！20％的人，翻译过一些文稿，都少的可怜，通常属于成长期，用的时候要提供语言和专业知识的支持，做好管理和跟踪！剩下10％，是有几年翻译经验，语言水平和专业知识都基本具备的译员，关键是个报酬的问题！我个人曾担任一家比较正规的翻译公司项目主管时，3个月收到全国各地1万多份简历，从可以实施测试的人中最后通过测试的30多个人，大都有4年以上的翻译经验，而且很多人用到的时候，不一定有时间！总之，找到合格的译员不是件容易的事，开翻译公司，养不起很多高水平的译员，总得和一些高水平的译员保持良好的关系吧！不要对这些人动太多的心思，报酬要合适！开源是主导，节流适可而止！4. 找到合适的译员要综合考虑，测试时，对于母语为汉语的译员来说，尽量以中翻英为主，衡量标准要高，不能说翻译意思正确就可以了；你找到的是专业译员，不能拿业余的要求来衡量；英文表述要地道，基本能体现英语思维。
专业和语言水平测试，缺一不可。
5. 对于专职译员的培训，是正规翻译公司最头疼的，有水平的译员做专职费用太高；语言基础好，缺乏翻译经验和必要翻译软件工具的译员需要培训，培训之后的薪水要求随之提高，尤其是对于法律、专利翻译而言，即便合格的译员也必须学习与之相关的语言翻译特性、文稿格式、篇章结构、习惯表述等，翻译公司大多不会选择培训，宁可费用高一点聘用合格的兼职译员，这也是可以理解的。
这样的结果是，好的译员越来越少，新的译员越来越难以成长起来，至少成长为合格的专业译员要花费更长的时间。
毕竟学院派的外语和实用外语是有差别的。
6. 购买专业语言处理软件时，须谨慎！这些软件正版大多很贵，完全不像开发者吹的那么神乎其神，但从效率、质量、团队合作、资源积累（即便积累了，有多大用处，不明）肯定是有好处的！不过构建远程虚拟团队是需要必需的软件和技术人员支持的。
7. 结语：翻译公司的发展做大，很难。
对译员的建言：无论是口译还是笔译，想成为合格的译员，要吃这碗饭，都不要不断的学习，不断积累，借用曾经被誉为中国外交翻译的“金童（张建敏）玉女（朱彤）”之金童的说法：“一天不翻译，自己知道；两天不翻译，同事知道；三天不翻译，全世界都知道”。
翻译需要不断的学习，不断的积累，无论你的基础多好，不实践，不学习，就会退化，就会迟钝！题外话，如果是两人以上翻译的书，不买最好！8. 做笔译，重要的工具软件是一定要学的！这是大势所趋，也是自己所需！如学习TRADOS、SDLX、De javu等辅助翻译软件中的一种，如果你是计算机专业出身，想做本地化（本行业很窄，就业机会很少，别听有些培训商瞎忽悠，如果前途光明，他们就不用去开培训班了；需要的技术和语言能力很高，花费的学习和实践过程都很长，入前须谨慎），那么Visiolocalize、雅信、Passolo和制作帮助文件的等等专业软件是一定要学的。
Office软件自然不用说了，还要学习一些桌面出版和文字识别软件，如PDF converter、ABBYY FineREADER，还有markup tools，acrobat等也是会用到的；现在需要翻译的网页文件越来越多，还学习基本的网页制作知识。
这些软件学习方法有所不同，但功能都差不多，尤其都符合相关国际标准，生成的结果文档相互可以调用！有能力的话，学学Indesign和Autocad，翻译国外原版稿件和图纸会用到，不过这两个软件非常专业，学习难度都很大，需要很多实践，而且对你的电脑要求也很高，适合图形处理的才行。
时间和精力乃至费用的投入是必须的，自己考虑吧！9. 不要轻易点评别人的翻译，甚至否定，即便确认自己是正确的，最好再求证之后，可以和乐于交流的同行沟通，对双方都是提高! 对于那些说出来，不情愿的同行，就免了！做翻译的都是文化人，自古文人相轻，臭毛病都不同程度的有！不要轻易批驳或点评同行（包括翻译公司），这是行业纪律！不能保证自己从不犯错误，翻译是一种高强度的脑力劳动，大脑瞬间空白的时候常有，即便是交流也只是自己的理解！反过来，对于同行的指正首先要倾听，然后求证，即便对方说的不对，可以交流！理由很简单，即便是翻译大师傅雷呕心沥血数年的译作，也有人提出异议！现在的译员姑且水平不及傅雷先生，谁能做到傅雷先生的那种认真、韧性和孜孜不倦。
说白了，译稿问题多，译员的臭毛病也多！10. 结语：翻译很辛苦，成长为合格的译员需要学习和积累很长的时间，做笔译要耐得住寂寞。
如果有机会且有水平翻译《哈利波特》，那你就名利双收！读后感言：看得出这篇网文的作者在翻译行业的确积累了很多阅历和经验。
没有唱高调似的职业前景展望，也没有让人读完热血沸腾决定投身于此的激昂文字。
但是通篇的大白话却更让人受益。
之前对于翻译行业总是充满了憧憬和向往，读到第一手的资料，并通过自己的智慧和努力将它推广给需要的人，这是多么有价值的工作啊！但是我根深蒂固的乐观性格从来不会去想做一件事的坏处是什么。
唯有到了已经身处其中，一切都已经晚了的时候才会恍然大悟其实当初的选择并不适合我。
我需要更多地看一看过来的人的大实话让自己从意淫中清醒过来。
怎么会有完美的行业和完美的工作呢？找到最适合自己又可以接受其中种种不完美的工作才是最幸福的。
对于本地化和笔译，我有了更清楚的认识。
当然最重要的还是那些软件，求职利器啊。
诸英专译友可等准备完专八再试着去一一攻破。
慎重选择，努力前行。
共勉！∙Vol.2012.11 （一）译文∙2012年11月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题∙翻译行业职业规划建议∙口译的训练方法∙【转】译者非语者——从口译员的角色定位看译员的综合能力的养成更多举报该日志英译汉（一）For more than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Geners on. On one of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black corners, old but in good condition. Stamped on th e flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of th e previous owner: “L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY.‟. That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A coupl e of the books are still pristine, but others “Bleak House,‟. “David Copperfield,‟. and especially “Great Expectations‟have been read a nd reread almost to pieces. Over the years, Pip and Estella and Ma gwitch have kept me company. So have Lady Dedlock, Steerforth and Peggotty, the Cratchits and the Pecksniffs and the Veneerings. And so, in his silent enigmatic way, has L.R. Generson.Did he love the books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There wasn‟t much a single mention on a veterans ‟ website of a World War II captain named Leonard Generson. But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral surgeon living in New Jersey. Since Generson is not a common name, I decided to write to him.Dr. Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me that his f ather, Leonard Richard Generson, was born in 1909. He lived in Ne w York City but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland. He s poke 10 languages fluently. As an obstetrician and gynecologist, h e opened a practice in the Bronx shortly before World War II. His s on described him as “an extremely patriotic individual‟.; right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and enlisted. He served throug hout the war as a general surgeon with an airborne special forces unit in Europe, where he became one of the war‟s most highly dec orated physicians. The list of his decorations reflects his ordeals an d his courage: multiple Purple Hearts, the Bronze Star with “V‟. for valor, the Silver Star, and also the Cross of War, an extremely hig h honor from the government of France. After the war, he remaine d in the Army Reserve and attained the rank of full colonel, while a lso continuing his medical practice in New York. “He was a very de dicated physician who had a large patient following,‟‟ his son wrot e. Leonard Generson‟s son didn‟t remember the Dickens set, thou gh he told me that there were always a lot of novels in the house. His mother probably “cleaned house‟. after his father‟ death in 1977 - the same year my husband bought the set in a used book store.I found this letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an intellige nt, brave man and his life of service. At the same time, it made me question my presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I wer e connected because we‟d owned the same set of books. The lett er both told me a little about him, and told me that I would never really know anything about him and why should I? His son must h ave been startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile pretext . What had I been thinking? One possible, and only somewhat face tious, answer is that I‟ve read too much Dickens. In the world of a Dickens novel, everything is connected to everything else. Orphan s find families. Lovers are joined (or parted and morally strengthen ed). Ancient mysteries are solved and old scores are settled. Quest ions are answered. Stories end. Dickens‟s cluttered network of con nected lives brilliantly exaggerates something that is true of all of us. We want to impose order through telling stories, maybe becau se there is so much we don‟t know about our own stories and the stories of those around us.Leonard Generson‟s life touched mine only lightly, through the coi ncidence of a set of books. But there are other lives he touched more deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of hi m and his military service and his 10 languages. And I will think of the hundreds of babies he must have delivered, who are now in th e middle of their own lives and their own stories.Vol.2012.11 （一）译文2013年05月22日11:40:08三十多年来我一直想知道L.R.吉纳尔逊（L.R.Generson）到底是何许人也。