语言学复习资料音系学(英语)
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Chapter 2：Phonology
I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:
1. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both
Chinese and English.
2 If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and
they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary
distribution.
3. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.
4. English is a tone language while Chinese is not.
5. In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.
6. In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing
in terms of the amount of information conveyed.
7. Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of
the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.
8. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three
important areas: the throat, the mouth and the chest.
9. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds
called voicing.
10. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation
and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.
11. According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into
which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.
12. Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the
position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.
13. According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into
close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.
14. Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.
15. Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning.
16. Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into
different categories.
17. A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if
substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning. 18. When two different forms are identical in every way except for
one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.
19. The rules governing the phonological patterning are language
specific.
20. Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over
a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:
21． A ____ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.
22． A___________ phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they
differ.