Integrated_Circuits(集成电路)电子信息类专业英语、计算机类专业英语文章汇编
电子信息工程专业英语词汇 专外1
专外VLSI Very large scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路IC Integrated circuit 集成电路LSI Large scale integrated 大规模集成MOS Metal-Oxide-Semiconduter金属氧化物半导体CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconduter互补金属氧化物半导体ECL Emitter Coupled Logic射级耦合逻辑UV ultraviolet 紫外线MIPS Million Instruction Per Second百万条指令每秒ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit算术逻辑单元BIOS Base Input Output System基本输入输出系统OA Operation Amplifiers运算放大器GBW Gain*Bandwidth增益带宽积DC Direct Current直流电AC Alternating Current交流电GSM Global System of Mobile communication全球移动通信系统SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier可控硅整流器TCXO Tempretuer Compensated Crystal Oscillator温度补偿晶体振荡器VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator压控振荡器PLL Phase Locked Loop锁相环VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio电压驻波比FCC Fedal Communications Commission联邦通信委员会PTT Post Telephone and Telegraph Administration邮电管理局MTSO Mobile Telephone Switching Office移动电话交换局MSC Mobile Switching Center移动交换中心PSTN Public Switching Telephone Network公共交换电话网TDM Time Division Multiplexing时分复用PCM Pulse code Modulation脉冲编码调制PCS Personal Communication Service个人通信业务FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing频分复用CD Compact disc光盘CAD Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automation电子设计自动化HDL Hardware Description Language硬件描述语言ASIC Application Specific Integration Circuit专用集成电路PLD Programmable Logic Device可编程逻辑器件PLA Programmable Logic Array可编程逻辑阵列FPGA Filed Programmable Gate Array现场可编程门阵列RTL Register Transfer level寄存器传递级OTP One-time Programmable一次可编程ISP In-system Programmable在系统可编程ASSP Application-specific Standard Parts专用标准器件SPLD Simple Programmable Logic Device简单可编程逻辑器件CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device复杂可编程逻辑器件NRE Nonrecurring Engineering一次性工程SDR Software-Defined Radios软件无线电SP Digital Signal Processor数字信号处理器SoC System-on-ChipRC Reconfigurable Computing可重配计算IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers电器与电子工程师学会EPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory电可擦除可编程只读存储器DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory动态随机存取存储器SRAM Static Random Access Memory静态随机存取存储器DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter数字模拟转换器ROM Read Only Memory只读存储器占空比Duty cycle真空电子管Vamcuum tube触发器flip flop品质因数quality factor过采样over-sampling复平面complex plane低通滤波器Low-pass filter软盘Floppy disk地址指针Address pointer接口电路Interface circuitry沟道电容器Trench capacitor三态缓冲器Tri-state buffer引导扇区Boot sector汇编语言Assembly language操作码Operating code传输函数Transfer function数据手册Data sheet入厂检查Incoming inspection线路驱动器line driver电平移动器Level shifter信号调节器Signal conditioner电流源Current source电压源Voltage source一阶滤波First-Order Filters二阶低通滤波器Second-order Low-Pass Filters 复频率变量complex-frequency variable 角频率angular frequency暂态响应transient response阶跃函数step function参考电压reference voltage电源power supply线性稳压器liner regulator负载电流load current反向偏压back bias晶体振荡器crystal oscillator补偿振荡器compensated Oscillator串联谐振series resonant并联谐振parallel resonant谐振频率resonanting frequency反馈元件feedback element鉴相器phase detector鉴频器frequency detector频率合成器frequency synthesizer电荷泵charge pump环路滤波器loop filter死区deadband传播延迟propagation delay时钟抖动clock jitter传输线transmission line电压反射voltage reflection功率损耗power loss接触电阻contact resistance频率响应frequency response电流current flow边缘卡edge card母板motherboard子板daughter board扁平电缆ribbon cable分组交换packet switching无绳电话cordless phone基站base station拨号音dial tone频率重用frequency reuse端局end office增量调制delta modulation预测编码predictive encoding保护时间guard time纠错error correction频率冲突frequency conflict总速率gross rate编码理论coding theory随机噪声random noise二进制反码one’complement扩频通信spread spectrum communication 微弱信号weak signal发射功率transmission power嵌入式系统embedded system模块（构件）building block金属互联metal interconnect设计流程design flow现状present state状态机state machine次态next state数据处理data processing胶连逻辑glue logic测试台test bench高阻high impedance类型转换type conversion学习曲线learning curve。
电子行业转贴电子专业英语
电子行业转贴电子专业英语引言随着电子行业的蓬勃发展，电子专业英语在该行业中变得越来越重要。
掌握电子专业英语不仅有助于从事电子工程相关工作的人员流畅地与国际伙伴交流，还能提高在电子行业中的竞争力。
本文将转贴一些常用的电子专业英语词汇和短语，希望能对电子行业从业人员和学生提供帮助。
1. 电子器件和设备的英语词汇•Semiconductors（半导体）•Resistors（电阻器）•Capacitors（电容器）•Inductors（电感器）•Transistors（晶体管）•Diodes（二极管）•Integrated Circuits（集成电路）•Microcontrollers（微控制器）•Printed Circuit Boards（印刷电路板）•Power Supplies（电源）2. 电子行业的工作职位和专业术语•Electrical Engineer（电气工程师）•Electronics Technician（电子技术员）•Circuit Designer（电路设计师）•Hardware Engineer（硬件工程师）•Analog Design Engineer（模拟设计工程师）•Digital Design Engineer（数字设计工程师）•Quality Control Engineer（质量控制工程师）•Test Engineer（测试工程师）•Firmware Engineer（固件工程师）•Project Manager（项目经理）3. 电子行业常见缩写和首字母缩写•PCB: Printed Circuit Board（印刷电路板）•IC: Integrated Circuit（集成电路）•LED: Light-Emitting Diode（发光二极管）•BOM: Bill of Materials（物料清单）•SMT: Surface Mount Technology（表面贴装技术）•ESD: Electrostatic Discharge（静电放电）•EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility（电磁兼容性）•PCB: Personal Computer Board（个人电脑板）•ADC: Analog-to-Digital Converter（模数转换器）•DAC: Digital-to-Analog Converter（数模转换器）4. 交流时常用的电子专业英语短语•Can you please expln that in simple terms?（你能简单地解释一下吗？）•I’m sorry, I didn’t understand what you just sd.（对不起，我刚才没听懂你说的话。
电子行业电子工程专业英文词汇
电子行业电子工程专业英文词汇IntroductionIn the rapidly developing field of electronics, it is essential for professionals in the electronic engineering industry to be familiar with the relevant technical terms and vocabulary in the English language. This article ms to provide a comprehensive list of key English terms commonly used in the electronic engineering profession.Key Vocabulary1.Analog Circuit: A circuit that consists of analog electronics components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, to process continuous-time signals.2.Digital Circuit: A circuit that operates using digital logic, utilizing binary digits (bits) to process and transmit information.3.Microcontroller: An integrated circuit that contns a CPU, memory, and input/output peripherals, designed for embedded systems.4.Integrated Circuit (IC): A microelectronic circuit that contns multiple electronic components, such as transistors and resistors, integrated into a single chip.5.Printed Circuit Board (PCB): A flat board made of non-conductive material on which electronic components are mounted and interconnected using conductive tracks.6.Signal Processing: Processing and manipulation of signals to extract relevantinformation or alter the characteristics of the signal.7.Semiconductor: A material with electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator, commonly used in electronic components such as diodes and transistors. 8.Transistor: A semiconductor device that amplifies or switches electronic signals and forms a key building block for electronic circuits.9.Resistor: An electronic component that restricts the flow of electric current, typically used to control voltage or current levels.10.C apacitor: An electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field and is used to store and release energy in electronic circuits.11.I nductor: An electronic component that stores energy in a magnetic field and is used in circuits for energy storage or filtering.12.D iode: A two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction, commonly used as a rectifier.13.V oltage: The electric potential difference between two points, measured in volts (V). 14.C urrent: The flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).15.R esistance: The opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).16.P ower: The rate at which work is performed or energy is transferred, measured in watts (W).17.F requency: The number of complete cycles of a periodic waveform that occur per second, measured in hertz (Hz).18.A mplitude: The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the equilibrium position.19.O hm’s Law: A fundamental law in electronics stating that the current flowingthrough a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, and inversely proportional to the resistance.20.K irchhoff’s Laws: A set of f undamentallaws in circuit theory that describe theconservation of electric charge and energy inelectrical circuits.ConclusionThis document provides a comprehensive list of key English terms commonly used in the electronic engineering profession. Familiarity withthese terms is essential for professionals in the electronic industry to effectively communicate and understand the technical aspects of their work. Further research and study of these terms will contribute to a deeper understanding of electronic engineering concepts and principles.。
电子信息工程专业英语词汇汇编
transistor n.晶体管diode n.二极管semiconductor n 半导体resistor n 电阻器capacitor n 电容器alternating adj 交互的amplifier n 扩音器，放大器integrated circuit 集成电路linear time invariant systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压，伏特数tolerance n 公差；宽容；容忍condenser n 电容器；冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromagnetic adj 电磁的deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差linear device 线性器件the insulation resistance 绝缘电阻anode n 阳极，正极cathode n 阴极breakdown n 故障；崩溃terminal n 终点站；终端，接线端emitter n 发射器collect v 收集，集聚，集中oscilloscope 示波镜；示波器gain 增益，放大倍数forward biased 正向偏置reverse biased 反向偏置P-N junction PN结MOS（metal-oxide semiconductor）金属氧化物半导体enhancement and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型integrated circuits 集成电路analog n 模拟digital adj 数字的，数位的horizontal adj, 水平的，地平线的vertical adj 垂直的，顶点的amplitude n 振幅，广阔，丰富attenuation 衰减；变薄；稀薄化multimeter 万用表frequency 频率，周率the cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管dual-trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器signal generating device 信号发生器peak-to-peak output voltage 输出电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波triangle wave 三角波square wave 方波amplifier 放大器，扩音器oscillator 振荡器feedback 反馈，回应phase 相，阶段，状态filter 滤波器，过滤器rectifier 整流器；纠正者band-stop filter 带阻滤波器band-pass filter 带通滤波器decimal adj 十进制的，小数的hexadecimal adj/n十六进制的binary adj 二进制的；二元的octal adj 八进制的domain n 域；领域code n代码，密码，编码v编码the Fourier transform 傅里叶变换Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换microcontroller n 微处理器；微控制器assembly language instructions n 汇编语言指令chip n 芯片，碎片modular adj 模块化的；模数的sensor n 传感器plug vt堵，塞，插上n塞子，插头，插销coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的fiber n 光纤relay contact 继电接触器single instruction programmer 单指令编程器dedicated manufactures programming unit 专供制造厂用的编程单元beam n （光线的）束，柱，梁polarize v（使）偏振，（使）极化Cathode Ray Tube（CRT）阴极射线管neuron n神经元；神经细胞fuzzy adj 模糊的Artificial Intelligence Shell 人工智能外壳程序Expert Systems 专家系统Artificial Intelligence 人工智能Perceptive Systems 感知系统neural network 神经网络fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑intelligent agent 智能代理electromagnetic adj 电磁的coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的microwave n 微波charge v充电，使充电insulator n 绝缘体，绝缘物nonconductive adj非导体的，绝缘的antenna n天线；触角modeling n建模，造型simulation n 仿真；模拟prototype n 原型array n 排队，编队vector n 向量，矢量wavelet n 微波，小浪sine 正弦cosine 余弦inverse adj倒转的，反转的n反面；相反v倒转high-performance 高精确性，高性能two-dimensional 二维的；缺乏深度的three-dimensional 三维的；立体的；真实的object-oriented programming面向对象的程序设计spectral adj 光谱的attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀释distortion n 失真，扭曲，变形wavelength n 波长refractive adj 折射的ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer ModeADSL非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digital subscriberlineVDSL甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digitalsubscriber lineHDSL高速数据用户线high rate digital subscriber lineFDMA频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access)TDMA时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access)CDMA同步码分多址方式(Code Division MultipleAccess)WCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统(Wideband CodeDivision Multiple Access)TD-SCDMA(Time Division Synchronous Code DivisionMultiple Access)时分同步码分多址SDLC(synchronous data link control)同步数据链路控制HDLC(high-level data link control)高级数据链路控制IP/TCP(internet protocol /transfer Control Protocol)网络传输控制协议ITU (International Telecommunication Union)国际电信联盟ISO国际标准化组织（International StandardizationOrganization）；OSI开放式系统互联参考模型（Open SystemInterconnect）GSM全球移动通信系统（Global System for MobileCommunications）GPRS通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service)FDD(frequency division duplex)频分双工TDD(time division duplex)时分双工VPI虚路径标识符（Virtual Path Identifier）；ISDN（Integrated Services Digital Network）综合业务数字网IDN综合数字网（integrated digital network）HDTV (high definition television)高清晰度电视DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)离散余弦变换VCI(virtual circuit address)虚通路标识MAN城域网Metropolitan area networksLAN局域网local area networkWAN广域网wide area network同步时分复用STDM Synchronous Time DivisionMultiplexing统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time DivisionMultiplexing单工传输simplex transmission半双工传输half-duplex transmission全双工传输full-duplex transmission交换矩阵Switching Matrix电路交换circuit switching分组交换packet switching报文交换message switching奇偶校验parity checking循环冗余校验CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check虚过滤Virtual filter数字滤波digital filtering伪随机比特Quasi Random Bit带宽分配Bandwidth allocation信源information source信宿destination数字化digitalize数字传输技术Digital transmission technology灰度图像Grey scale images灰度级Grey scale level幅度谱Magnitude spectrum相位谱Phase spectrum频谱frequency spectrum智能设备Smart Device软切换Soft handover硬切换Hard Handover相干检测Coherent detection边缘检测Edge detection冲突检测collision detection业务集合service integration业务分离/综合service separation/ integration网络集合network integration环形网Ring networks令牌环网Token Ring network网络终端Network Terminal用户终端user terminal用户电路line circuit电路利用率channel utilization（通道利用率）相关性coherence相干解调coherent demodulation数字图像压缩digital image compression图像编码image encoding有损/无损压缩lossy/lossless compression解压decompression呼叫控制Call Control误差控制error control存储程序控制stored program control存储转发方式store-and-forward manner语音\视频传输voice\video transmission视频点播video-on-demand(VOD)会议电视Video Conference有线电视cable television量化quantization吞吐量throughput话务量traffic多径分集Multipath diversity多媒体通信MDM Multimedia Communication多址干扰Multiple Access Interference人机交互man machine interface交互式会话Conversational interaction路由算法Routing Algorithm目标识别Object recognition话音变换Voice transform中继线trunk line更多精品文档传输时延transmission delay远程监控remote monitoring光链路optical link拓扑结构Topology均方根root mean squarewhatsoever=whatever 0switchboard (电话)交换台bipolar （电子）双极的premise （复）房屋，前提cursor (计算机尺的)游标，指导的elapse （时间）经过，消失vaporize （使）蒸发subsystem （系统的）分部，子系统，辅助系统metallic （像）金属的，含金属的，（声音）刺耳的dispatch （迅速）派遣，急件consensus （意见）一致，同意deadline （最后）期限，截止时间tomographic X线体层摄像的alas 唉，哎呀cluster 把…集成一束，一组，一簇，一串，一群encyclopedia 百科全书millionfold 百万倍的semiconductor 半导体radius 半径范围，半径，径向射线half-duplex transmission 半双工传输accompaniment 伴随物，附属物reservation 保留，预定quotation 报价单，行情报告，引语memorandum 备忘录redundancy 备用be viewed as 被看作…be regards as 被认为是as such 本身；照此；以这种资格textual 本文的，正文的verge 边界variation 变化，变量conversion 变化，转化identity 标识；标志criterion 标准，准则in parallel on 并联到，合并到juxtapose 并置，并列dialing pulse 拨号脉冲wave-guide 波导wavelength division multiplexed 波分复用baud rate 波特率playback 播放（录音带，唱片）no greater than 不大于update 不断改进，使…适合新的要求，更新asymmetric 不对称的irrespective 不考虑的，不顾的inevitably 不可避免的inevitable 不可避免的，不可逃避的，必定的segment 部分abrasion 擦伤，磨损deploy 采用，利用，推广应用take the form of 采用…的形式parameter 参数，参量layer 层dope 掺杂FET(field effect transistors) 场效应管audio recording 唱片ultra-high-frequency(UHF) 超高频in excess of 超过in excess of 超过hypertext 超文本ingredient 成分，因素ingredient 成分，组成部分，要素metropolitan-area network(WAN) 城域网metropolitan area network(WAN) 城域网，城市网络congestion 充满，拥挤，阻塞collision 冲突extractive 抽出；释放出extract 抽取，取出，分离lease 出租，租约，租界期限，租界物pass on 传递，切换transmission 传输facsimile 传真innovative=innovatory 创新的，富有革新精神的track 磁道impetus 促进，激励cluster 簇stored-program control(SPC) 存储程序控制a large number of 大量的peal 大声响，发出supersede 代替supplant 代替，取代out-of-band signaling 带外信号simplex transmission 单工传输monochromatic 单色的，单色光的，黑白的ballistic 弹道的，射击的，冲击的conductor 导体hierarchy 等级制度，层次infrastructure 底层结构，基础结构geographic 地理的，地区的geographically 地理上GIS(ground instrumentation system) 地面测量系统ground station 地面站earth orbit 地球轨道extraterrestrial 地球外的，地球大气圈外的Land-sat 地球资源卫星rug 地毯，毯子ignite 点火，点燃，使兴奋electromagnetic 电磁的inductive 电感arc 电弧telephony 电话（学），通话dielectric 电介质，绝缘材料；电解质的，绝缘的capacitor 电容telecommunication 电信，无线电通讯scenario 电影剧本，方案modem pool 调制解调器（存储）池superimposing 叠加，重叠pin 钉住，扣住，抓住customize 定做，定制monolithic 独立的，完全统一的aluminize 镀铝strategic 对全局有重要意义的，战略的substantial 多的，大的，实际上的multi-path fading 多径衰落multi-path 多路，多途径；多路的，多途径的multi-access 多路存取，多路进入multiplex 多路复用multiplex 多路复用的degradation 恶化，降级dioxide 二氧化碳LED(light-emitting-diode) 发光二极管evolution 发展，展开，渐进feedback 反馈，回授dimension 范围，方向，维，元scenario 方案scenario 方案，电影剧本amplifer 放大器noninvasive 非侵略的，非侵害的tariff 费率，关税率；对…征税distributed functional plane(DFP) 分布功能平面DQDB(distributed queue dual bus) 分布式队列双总线hierarchy 分层，层次partition 分成segmentation 分割interface 分界面，接口asunder 分开地，分离地detached 分离的，分开的，孤立的dispense 分配allocate 分配，配给；配给物centigrade 分为百度的，百分度的，摄氏温度的fractal 分形molecule 分子，微小，些微cellular 蜂窝状的cellular 蜂窝状的，格形的，多孔的auxiliary storage(also called secondary storage) 辅助存储器decay 腐烂，衰减，衰退negative 负电vicinity 附近，邻近vicinity 附近地区，近处sophisticated 复杂的，高级的，现代化的high-frequency(HF) 高频high definition television 高清晰度电视chromium 铬annotate 给…作注解in terms of 根据，按照disclosure 公布，企业决算公开public network公用网functionality 功能，功能度mercury 汞resonator 共鸣器resonance 共振whimsical 古怪的，反复无常的administration 管理，经营cursor 光标（显示器），游标，指针optical computer 光计算机photoconductor 光敏电阻optical disks 光盘optically 光学地，光地wide-area networks 广域网specification 规范，说明书silicon 硅the international telecommunication union(ITU) 国际电信联盟excess 过剩obsolete 过时的，废弃的maritime 海事的synthetic 合成的，人造的，综合的synthetic 合成的，综合性的rational 合乎理性的rationalization 合理化streamline 合理化，理顺infrared 红外线的，红外线skepticism 怀疑论ring network 环形网hybrid 混合物counterpart 伙伴，副本，对应物electromechanical 机电的，电动机械的Robot 机器人Robotics 机器人技术，机器人学accumulation 积累infrastructure 基础，基础结构substrate 基质，底质upheaval 激变，剧变compact disc 激光磁盘（CD）concentrator 集中器，集线器centrex system 集中式用户交换功能系统converge on 集中于，聚集在…上lumped element 集总元件CAI(computer-aided instruction) 计算机辅助教学computer-integrated manufacturing(CIM) 计算机集成制造computer mediated communication(CMC) 计算机中介通信record 记录register 记录器，寄存器expedite 加快，促进weight 加权accelerate 加速，加快，促进更多精品文档categorize 加以类别，分类in addition 加之，又，另外hypothetical 假设的rigidly 坚硬的，僵硬的compatibility 兼容性，相容性surveillance 监视surveillance 监视retrieval 检索，（可）补救verification 检验simplicity 简单，简明film 胶片，薄膜take over 接管，接任ruggedness 结实threshold 界限，临界值with the aid of 借助于，用，通过wire line 金属线路，有线线路coherent 紧凑的，表达清楚的，粘附的，相干的compact 紧密的approximation 近似undertake 进行，从事transistor 晶体管elaborate 精心制作的，细心完成的，周密安排的vigilant 警戒的，警惕的alcohol 酒精，酒local area networks(LANs) 局域网local-area networks(LANs) 局域网drama 剧本，戏剧，戏剧的演出focus on 聚集在，集中于，注视insulator 绝缘root mean square 均方根uniform 均匀的open-system-interconnection(OSI) 开放系统互连expire 开始无效，满期，终止immunity 抗扰，免除，免疫性take…into account 考虑，重视…programmable industrial automation 可编程工业自动化demountable 可拆卸的tunable 可调的reliable 可靠be likely to 可能，大约，像要videotex video 可视图文电视negligible 可以忽略的aerial 空气的，空中的，无形的，虚幻的；天线broadband 宽（频）带pervasive 扩大的，渗透的tensile 拉力的，张力的romanticism 浪漫精神，浪漫主义discrete 离散，不连续ion 离子force 力量；力stereophonic 立体声的continuum 连续统一体，连续统，闭联集smart 灵巧的；精明的；洒脱的token 令牌on the other hand 另一方面hexagonal 六边形的，六角形的hexagon 六角形，六边形monopoly 垄断，专利video-clip 录像剪辑aluminum 铝pebble 卵石，水晶透镜forum 论坛，讨论会logical relationships 逻辑关系code book 码本pulse code modulation(PCM) 脉冲编码调制roam 漫步，漫游bps(bits per second) 每秒钟传输的比特ZIP codes 美国邮区划分的五位编码susceptible(to) 敏感的，易受…的analog 模拟，模拟量pattern recognition 模式识别bibliographic 目录的，文献的neodymium 钕the european telecommunication standardizationinstitute(ETSI) 欧洲电信标准局coordinate 配合的，协调的；使配合，调整ratify 批准，认可bias 偏差；偏置deviate 偏离，与…不同spectrum 频谱come into play 其作用entrepreneurial 企业的heuristic methods 启发式方法play a …role(part) 起…作用stem from 起源于；由…发生organic器官的，有机的，组织的hypothesis 前提front-end 前置，前级potential 潜势的，潜力的intensity 强度coincidence 巧合，吻合，一致scalpel 轻便小刀，解剖刀inventory 清单，报表spherical 球的，球形的distinguish 区别，辨别succumb 屈服，屈从，死global functional plane(GFP) 全局功能平面full-duplex transmission 全双工传输hologram 全息照相，全息图deficiency 缺乏thermonuclear 热核的artifact 人工制品AI(artificial intelligence) 人工智能fusion 熔解，熔化diskettes(also called floppy disk) 软盘sector 扇区entropy 熵uplink 上行链路arsenic 砷neural network 神经网络very-high-frequency(VHF) 甚高频upgrade 升级distortion 失真，畸变identification 识别，鉴定，验明pragmatic 实际的implementation 实施，实现，执行，敷设entity 实体，存在vector quantification 矢量量化mislead 使…误解，给…错误印象，引错vex 使烦恼，使恼火defy 使落空facilitate 使容易，促进retina 视网膜compatible 适合的，兼容的transceiver 收发两用机authorize 授权，委托，允许data security 数据安全性data independence 数据独立data management 数据管理database 数据库database management system(DBMS) 数据库管理信息系统database transaction 数据库事务data integrity 数据完整性，数据一致性attenuation 衰减fading 衰落，衰减，消失dual 双的，二重的transient 瞬时的deterministic 宿命的，确定的algorithm 算法dissipation 损耗carbon 碳diabetes 糖尿病cumbersome 讨厌的，麻烦的，笨重的razor 剃刀，剃go by the name of 通称，普通叫做commucation session 通信会话traffic 通信业务（量）synchronous transmission 同步传输concurrent 同时发生的，共存的simultaneous 同时发生的，同时做的simultaneous 同时发生的，一齐的coaxial 同轴的copper 铜statistical 统计的，统计学的dominate 统治，支配invest in 投资perspective 透视，角度，远景graphics 图示，图解pictorial 图像的coating 涂层，层deduce 推理reasoning strategies 推理策略inference engine 推理机topology 拓扑结构heterodyne 外差法的peripheral 外界的，外部的，周围的gateway 网关hazardous 危险的microwave 微波（的）microprocessor 微处理机，微处理器microelectronic 微电子nuance 微小的差别（色彩等）encompass 围绕，包围，造成，设法做到maintenance 维护；保持；维修satellite communication 卫星通信satellite network 卫星网络transceiver 无线电收发信机radio-relay transmission 无线电中继传输without any doubt 无疑passive satellite 无源卫星sparse 稀少的，稀疏的downlink 下行链路precursor 先驱，前任visualization 显像feasibility 现实性，可行性linearity 线性度constrain 限制，约束，制约considerable 相当的，重要的geo-stationary 相对地面静止by contrast 相反，而，对比起来coorelation 相关性mutual 相互的mutually 相互的，共同的interconnect 相互连接，互连one after the other 相继，依次minicomputer 小型计算机protocol 协议，草案protocol 协议，规约，规程psycho-acoustic 心理（精神）听觉的；传音的channelization 信道化，通信信道选择run length encoding 行程编码groom 修饰，准备virtual ISDN 虚拟ISDNmultitude 许多，大批，大量whirl 旋转preference 选择，喜欢avalanche 雪崩pursue 寻求，从事interrogation 询问dumb 哑的，不说话的，无声的subcategory 亚类，子种类，子范畴orbital 眼眶；轨道oxygen 氧气，氧元素更多精品文档service switching and control points(SSCPs) 业务交换控制点service control points(SCPs) 业务控制点service control function(SCF) 业务控制功能in concert 一致，一齐handover 移交，越区切换at a rate of 以……的速率in the form of 以…的形式base on…以…为基础yttrium 钇（稀有金属，符号Y）asynchronous transmission 异步传输asynchronous 异步的exceptional 异常的，特殊的voice-grade 音频级indium 铟give rise to 引起，使产生cryptic 隐义的，秘密的hard disk 硬盘hard automation 硬自动化by means of 用，依靠equip with 用…装备subscriber 用户telex 用户电报PBX(private branch exchange) 用户小交换机或专用交换机be called upon to 用来…，（被）要求…superiority 优势predominance 优势，显著active satellite 有源卫星in comparison with 与…比较comparable to 与…可比preliminary 预备的，初步的premonition 预感，预兆nucleus 原子核valence 原子价circumference 圆周，周围teleprocessing 远程信息处理，遥控处理perspective 远景，前途constrain 约束，强迫mobile 运动的，流动的，机动的，装在车上的convey 运输，传递，转换impurity 杂质impurity 杂质，混杂物，不洁，不纯regenerative 再生的improve over 在……基础上改善play important role in 在…中起重要作用in close proximity 在附近，在很近underlying 在下的，基础的in this respect 在这方面entail 遭遇，导致presentation 赠与，图像，呈现，演示narrowband 窄（频）带deploy 展开，使用，推广应用megabit 兆比特germanium 锗positive 正电quadrature 正交orthogonal 正交的quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) 正交幅度调制on the right track 正在轨道上sustain 支撑，撑住，维持，持续outgrowh 支派；长出；副产品dominate 支配，统治knowledge representation 知识表示knowledge engineering 知识工程knowledge base 知识库in diameter 直径helicopter 直升飞机acronym 只取首字母的缩写词as long as 只要，如果tutorial 指导教师的，指导的coin 制造（新字符），杜撰fabrication 制造，装配；捏造事实proton 质子intelligence 智能，智力，信息intelligent network 智能网intermediate 中间的nucleus(pl.nuclei) 中心，核心neutrons 中子terminal 终端，终端设备overlay 重叠，覆盖，涂覆highlight 重要的部分，焦点charge 主管，看管；承载dominant 主要的，控制的，最有力的cylinder 柱面expert system 专家系统private network 专用网络transition 转变，转换，跃迁relay 转播relay 转播，中继repeater 转发器，中继器pursue 追赶，追踪，追求，继续desktop publish 桌面出版ultraviolet 紫外线的，紫外的；紫外线辐射field 字段vendor 自动售货机，厂商naturally 自然的；天生具备的synthesize 综合，合成integrate 综合，使完全ISDN(intergrated services digital network) 综合业务数字网as a whole 总体上bus network 总线形网crossbar 纵横，交叉impedance 阻抗initial 最初的，开始的optimum 最佳条件appear as 作为…出现A Analog 模拟A/D Analog to Digital 模-数转换AAC Advanced Audio Coding 高级音频编码ABB Automatic Black Balance 自动黑平衡ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司Automatic Bass Compensation 自动低音补偿Automatic Brightness Control 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平ABLC Automatic Brightness Limiter Circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asian Broadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟(亚广联ABS American Bureau of Standard 美国标准局AC Access Conditions 接入条件Audio Center 音频中心ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 邻频道衰减ACC Automatic Centering Control 自动中心控制Automatic Chroma Control 自动色度(增益ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法ACS Access Control System 接入控制系统Advanced Communication Service 高级通信业务Area Communication System 区域通信系统ADC Analog to Digital Converter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Line 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasing 音频（声音AEF Automatic Editing Function 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engineering Society 音频工程协会AF Audio Frequency 音频AFA Audio Frequency Amplifier 音频放大器AFC Automatic Frequency Coder 音频编码器Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制AFT Automatic Fine Tuning 自动微调Automatic Frequency Track 自动频率跟踪Automatic Frequency Trim 自动额率微调AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能ALM Audio-Level Meter 音频电平表AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅AMS Automatic Music Sensor 自动音乐传感装置ANC Automatic Noise Canceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTenna 天线AO Analog Output 模拟输出APS Automatic Program Search 自动节目搜索APPS Automatic Program Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS Automatic Program Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Response 音频响应ARC Automatic Remote Control 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for InformationInterchange 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Scanning Tracking 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timing Control 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correction 自动音频校正ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Finding 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee（美国高级电视制式委员会）***C Automatic Volume Control 自动音量控制***R Automatic Voltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic White Balance 自动白平衡AZC Automatic Zooming Control 自动变焦控制AZS Automatic Zero Setting 自动调零BA Branch Amplifier 分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Binary-Analog Conversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司BBI Beijing Broadcasting Institute 北京广播学院BC Binary Code 二进制码Balanced Current 平衡电流Broadcast Control 广播控制BCT Bandwidth Compression Technique 带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directional Data Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare Fiber Adapter 裸光纤适配器Brillouin Fiber Amplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Background Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic Input／Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadband-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic Information Unit 基本信息单元Bus Interface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Business Management Layer 商务管理层BN Backbone Network 主干网BNT Broadband Network Termination 宽带网络终端设备BO Bus Out 总线输出BPG Basic Pulse Generator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Band Pitch Shift 分频段变调节器BSI British Standard Institute 英国标准学会BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务更多精品文档BT Block Terminal 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA Broadband Terminal Adapter 宽带终端适配器Broadcasting Technology Association (日本BTL Balanced Transformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS Broadcast Technical Standard 广播技术标准BTU Basic Transmission Unit 基本传输单元BVU Broadcasting Video Unit 广播视频型(一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式BW BandWidth 带宽BWTV Black and White Television 黑白电视CA Conditional Access 条件接收CAC Conditional Access Control 条件接收控制CAL Continuity Accept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS Conditional Access System 条件接收系统Conditional Access Sub-system 条件接收子系统CATV Cable Television 有线电视，电缆电视Community Antenna Television 共用天线电视C*** Constant Angular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting System （美国哥伦比亚广播公司CC Concentric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chinese Character Generator 中文字幕发生器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone ConsultativeCommittee 国际电话电报咨询委员会CCR Central Control Room 中心控制室CCTV China Central Television 中国中央电视台Close-Circuit Television 闭路电视CCS Center Central System 中心控制系统CCU Camera Control Unit 摄像机控制器CCW Counter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CD Compact Disc 激光唱片CDA Current Dumping Amplifier 电流放大器CD-E Compact Disc Erasable 可抹式激光唱片CDFM Compact Disc File Manager 光盘文件管理(程序CDPG Compact-Disc Plus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘CETV China Educational Television 中国教育电视台CF Color Framing 彩色成帧CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形(显示卡CI Common Interface 通用接口CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形(显示卡CI Common Interface 通用接口CIE Chinese Institute of Electronics 中国电子学会CII China Information Infrastructure 中国信息基础设施CIF Common Intermediate Format 通用中间格式CIS Chinese Industrial Standard 中国工业标准CLV Constant Linear Velocity 恒定线速度CM Colour Monitor 彩色监视器CMTS Cable Modem Termination System 线缆调制解调器终端系统CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CON Console 操纵台Controller 控制器CPB Corporation of Public Broadcasting （美国公共广播公司CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRCC CRI Cyclic Redundancy Check Code 循环冗余校验码CROM China Radio International 中国国际广播电台CRT Control Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器CS Cathode-Ray Tube 阴极射线管CSC Communication Satellite 通信卫星CSS Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波Center Storage Server 中央存储服务器Content Scrambling System 内容加扰系统CSU Channel Service Unit 信道业务单元CT Color Temperature 色温CTC Cassette Tape Controller 盒式磁带控制器Channel Traffic Control 通道通信量控制Counter Timer Circuit 计数器定时器电路Counter Timer Control 计数器定时器控制CTE Cable Termination Equipment 线缆终端设备Customer Terminal Equipment 用户终端设备CTV Color Television 彩色电视CVD China Video Disc 中国数字视盘CW Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting 数字音频广播DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库管理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带Dynamic Contrast Control 动态对比度控制DCT Digital Component Technology 数字分量技术Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital Color Television 数字彩色电视DD Direct Drive 直接驱动DDC Direct Digital Control 直接数字控制DDE Dynamic Data Exchange 动态数据交换DDM Data Display Monitor 数据显示监视器DES Data Elementary Stream 数据基本码流Data Encryption Standard 美国数据加密标准DF Dispersion Flattened 色散平坦光纤DG Differential Gain 微分增益DI Digital Interface 数字接口DITEC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dynamic Linear Drive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation 增量调制Digital Modulation 数字调制DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 数字多媒体广播DMC Dynamic Motion Control 动态控制DME Digital Multiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Mastering System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gathering 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输出总线DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service InterfaceSpecifications 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOC Drop Out Compensation 失落补偿DOS Disc Operating System 磁盘操作系统DP Differential Phase 微分相位Data Pulse 数据脉冲DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modulation 差值脉冲编码调制DPL Dolby Pro Logic 杜比定向逻辑DSB Digital Satellite Broadcasting 数字卫星广播DSC Digital Studio Control 数字演播室控制DSD Dolby Surround Digital 杜比数字环绕声DSE Digital Special Effect 数字特技DSK Down-Stream Key 下游键DSP Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理Digital Sound Processor 数字声音处理器DSS Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统DT Digital Technique 数字技术Digital Television 数字电视Data Terminal 数据终端Data Transmission 数据传输DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting 数字地面广播DTBC Digital Time-Base Corrector 数字时基校正器DTC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DTS Digital Theater System 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System 数字调谐系统Digital Television Standard 数字电视标准DVB Digital Video Broadcasting 数字视频广播DVC Digital Video Compression 数字视频压缩DVE Digital Video Effect 数字视频特技DVS Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播DVTR Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Extension Amplifier 延长放大器EB Electron Beam 电子束EBS Emergency Broadcasting System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcasting Union 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correction 误差校正ECN Emergency Communications Network 应急通信网络ECS European Communication Satellite 欧洲通信卫星EDC Error Detection Code 错误检测码EDE Electronic Data Exchange 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit Decision List 编辑点清单EDTV Extended Definition Television 扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted 允许误差EFM Eight to Fourteen Modulation 8-14调制EFP Electronic Field Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ethernet Hosts 以太网主机EIN Equivalent Input Noise 等效输入噪声EIS Electronic Information System 电子信息系统EISA Extended Industrial Standard Architecture扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Luminescent 场致发光EM Error Monitoring 误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electronic News Gathering 电子新闻采集EOT End of Tape 带尾EP Edit Point 编辑点Error Protocol 错误协议EPG Electronic Program Guides 电子节目指南EPS Emergency Power Supply 应急电源ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效辐射功率ES Elementary Stream 基本码流End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲空间局ETV Education Television 教育电视FA Enhanced Television 增强电视FABM FAS Facial Animation 面部动画FC Fiber Amplifier Booster Module 光纤放大器增强模块Fiber Access System 光纤接入系统Frequency Changer 变频器FCC Fiber Channel 光纤通道FD Film Composer 电影编辑系统Federal Communications Commission 美国联邦通信委员会FDCT Frequency Divider 分频器FDDI FDM Fiber Duct 光纤管道FDP Forward Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦正变换FE Fiber Distributed Data Interface 分布式光纤数据接口更多精品文档Frequency-Division Multiplexing 频分复用FF Fiber Distribution Point 光纤分配点FG Front End 前端FH Framing Error 成帧误差FIT Fast Forward 快进FN Frequency Generator 频率发生器FOA Frequency Hopping 跳频FOC Frame-Interline Transfer 帧一行间转移Fiber Node 光纤节点Fiber Optic Amplifier 光纤放大器FOM Fiber Optic Cable 光缆FON Fiber Optic Communications 光纤通信FOS Fiber Optic Coupler 光纤耦合器FOTC Fiber Optic Modem 光纤调制解调器FS Fiber Optic Net 光纤网Factor of Safety 安全系数Fiber Optic Trunk Cable 光缆干线FT Frame Scan 帧扫描FTP Frame Store 帧存储器FTTB Frame Synchro 帧同步机FTTC France Telecom 法国电信Absorber Circuit 吸收电路AC/AC Frequency Converter 交交变频电路AC power control交流电力控制AC Power Controller交流调功电路AC Power Electronic Switch交流电力电子开关Ac Voltage Controller交流调压电路Asynchronous Modulation异步调制Baker Clamping Circuit贝克箝位电路Bi-directional Triode Thyristor双向晶闸管Bipolar Junction Transistor-- BJT双极结型晶体管Boost-Buck Chopper升降压斩波电路Boost Chopper升压斩波电路Boost Converter升压变换器Bridge Reversible Chopper桥式可逆斩波电路Buck Chopper降压斩波电路Buck Converter降压变换器Commutation换流Conduction Angle导通角Constant Voltage Constant Frequency --CVCF 恒压恒频Continuous Conduction--CCM（电流）连续模式Control Circuit 控制电路Cuk Circuit CUK 斩波电路Current Reversible Chopper电流可逆斩波电路Current Source Type Inverter--CSTI 电流（源）型逆变电路Cyclo convertor周波变流器DC-AC-DC Converter直交直电路DC Chopping直流斩波DC Chopping Circuit直流斩波电路DC-DC Converter直流－直流变换器Device Commutation器件换流Direct Current Control直接电流控制Discontinuous Conduction mode （电流）断续模式displacement factor 位移因数distortion power 畸变功率double end converter 双端电路driving circuit 驱动电路electrical isolation 电气隔离fast acting fuse 快速熔断器fast recovery diode快恢复二极管fast revcovery epitaxial diodes 快恢复外延二极管fast switching thyristor快速晶闸管field controlled thyristor场控晶闸管flyback converter 反激电流forced commutation 强迫换流forward converter 正激电路frequency converter 变频器full bridge converter全桥电路full bridge rectifier 全桥整流电路full wave rectifier 全波整流电路fundamental factor基波因数gate turn-off thyristor——GTO 可关断晶闸管general purpose diode 普通二极管giant transistor——GTR 电力晶体管half bridge converter 半桥电路hard switching 硬开关high voltage IC 高压集成电路hysteresis comparison 带环比较方式indirect current control间接电流控制indirect DC-DC converter直接电流变换电路insulated-gate bipolar transistor---IGBT绝缘栅双极晶体管intelligent power module---IPM智能功率模块integrated gate-commutated thyristor---IGCT 集成门极换流晶闸管inversion 逆变latching effect 擎住效应leakage inductance 漏感light triggered thyristor---LTT光控晶闸管line commutation 电网换流load commutation 负载换流loop current 环流1 backplane 背板2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考3 bench top supply 工作台电源4 Block Diagram 方块图5 Bode Plot 波特图6 Bootstrap 自举7 Bottom FET Bottom FET8 bucket capacitor 桶形电容9 chassis 机架11 constant current source 恒流源12 Core Saturation 铁芯饱和13 crossover frequency 交叉频率14 current ripple 纹波电流15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期16 cycle skipping 周期跳步17 Dead Time 死区时间18 DIE Temperature 核心温度19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断20 dominant pole 主极点21 Enable 使能，有效，启用22 ESD Rating ESD额定值23 Evaluation Board 评估板24 Exceeding the specifications below may result inpermanent damage to the device, or devicemalfunction. Operation outside of the parametersspecified in the Electrical Characteristics section is notimplied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。
集成电路专业英语
集成电路专业英语一、单词1. Integrated Circuit (IC)- 英语释义：A set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (chip) of semiconductor material, typically silicon.- 用法：常作为名词短语使用，可在句中作主语、宾语等。
例如：The development of integrated circuits has revolutionized the electronics industry.（集成电路的发展使电子工业发生了革命性的变化。
）2. Semiconductor- 英语释义：A material which has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects.- 用法：作名词，例如：Silicon is a widely used semiconductor in integrated circuit manufacturing.（硅是集成电路制造中广泛使用的半导体。
）3. Transistor- 英语释义：A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.- 用法：作名词，如：The transistor is a keyponent in integrated circuits.（晶体管是集成电路中的一个关键元件。
）4. Chip- 英语释义：A small piece of semiconducting material (usually silicon) on which an integrated circuit is fabricated.- 用法：作名词，可指集成电路芯片。
电子专业英语词汇
A．缩略词Modem：modulator and demodulator 调制解调器Rom ：read only memory 只读存储器Ram：random access memory 随机存储器CAD-computer aided design 计算机辅助设计CAE-Computer Aided Engineering 计算机辅助工程CAM-Computer Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CPU- central processing unit 中央处理器PC- Personal Computer 个人计算机Program Counter 程序计数器IC- Integrated Circuit 集成电路MSI- medium-scale integration 中规模集成(电路)LSI- Large Scale Integrated circuit 大规模集成电路VLSI- Very Large Scale Integration 超大规模集成电路ULSI- Ultra Large Scale Integration 特大规模集成电路ASIC--Application-Specific Integrated Circuit 专用集成电路CEO- Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官CFO- Finance 首席财务官COO- Operate 首席运营官CIO- Information 首席信息官CTO- Technology 首席技术官PCB- Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板MCS-Micro Computer System 微型计算机系统MCU- Micro Control Unit 微控制器MPU- Micro Processing Unit 微处理器SOC-System On a Chip 片上系统CRT- Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管LED- light-emitting diode 发光二级管LCD- Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示屏IEEE-The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 电气和电子工程师学会[美]ISA Industry Standard Architecture 工业标准结构PCI Peripheral Component Interconnection 外设部件互连AGP Accelerated Graphics Port 加速图形端口Lab-Laboratory 实验室Maths- mathematics 数学ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit 特定用途集成电路FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array 现场可编程门阵列PLC Programmable Logic Controller 可编程逻辑控制器;Power Loading Control 动力负载控制;Power-Line Carrier 电力线载波;FET Field Effect Transistor 场效应晶体管MOSFET metallic oxide semiconductor field effect transistor[电子]金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer,精简指令集计算机USB Universal Serial Bus , （Intel 公司开发的）通用串行总线（架构）EEPROM-Electrically Erasable, Programmable Read-Only Memory. B、单词Amplifier 放大器flip-flop触发器resistor电阻器resistance电阻capacitor电容器capacitance电容inductor电感器inductance电感operational amplifier运算放大器sensor传感器transducer 传感器，变换器register寄存器conductor导体semiconductor半导体feedback反馈diode二极管transistor 晶体管，三极管thermo-表示“热、热电”之义thermometer温度计thermocouple热电偶microcomputer 微型计算机monitor（监视器）1) direct current circuits 直流电路2) amplifier放大器3) analog electronics 模电4) semiconductor diode 半导体二极管5) transistor effect 晶体管效应6) microprocessor或microcontroller 微处理器或微控制器7) electrical engineering 电气工程8) power engineering 电力工程9) telecommunications engineering 通信工程10) internal devices 内部器件1）assembler language 汇编语言2）alternating current circuits交流电路3）passive electrical circuits无源电路4）three phase circuits三相电路5）digital electronics数字电子技术6）logic gates 逻辑门7）3D virtual reality image 三维虚拟图像8）computer programming计算机编程10）advanced programming techniques高级编程技术1）electrical components电子元件2）Ohm law欧姆定律3）limit current限制电流4）voltage divider分压器5）transistor biasing circuits晶体管偏置电路6）block DC current阻碍直流7）store electric energy 或store electrical energy储存电能8）inductive reactance感抗9）dielectric insulating material 或insulating material绝缘材料10）AC resistance/或AC impedance 交流阻抗1) known as capacitive reactance 称为容抗2) with units of ohms单位是欧姆3) prevent device from burning out防止器件烧掉4) has an AC resistance to AC current对交流电流有阻抗5) adjustment with a screw用一个螺丝调节6) in the shape of a cylinder呈圆柱形式7) block DC current, but pass AC current阻直流，但通交流8) to vary the inductance改变电感9) be given by the formula.由公式给出10) the RF amplifie音频放大器1) general-purpose meter通用仪表2) analog meter数字仪表3) reverse the test leads交换测试笔4) mechanical adjust机械调节5) measure resistance测量电阻6) positive voltage正向电压7) measure current测量电流8) voltage amplitude电压幅度9) dual-trace oscilloscope双踪示波器10) signal generator信号发生器1）analog multimeter模拟万用表2）extended range扩展范围3）specific meters特殊仪表4) include the function and range switches具有功能及范围选择旋钮5) present an electronic picture呈现一幅电子图像6) display the voltage waveform显示电压波形7) appear on the screen在屏幕上出现8) phase relationship相位关系9) as an example例如，作为一个例子10) in series with the circuit串联接入电路1) PN junction PN结2) anode阳极（正极）3) external resistance外阻4) bipolar transistor三极管5) a small current controls a large current一个小电流控制一个大电流7) enhancement MOS transistors增强型MOS管8) P-channelP沟道9) integrated circuits集成电路10) electron and hole电子和空穴1) semiconductor material半导体材料2) forward biased正向偏置3) depend on the external circuit resistance取决于外部电路的电阻4) excessive reverse-biased voltage过高的反偏电压5) is directly proportional to the amount of base current.是正比于基极电流6) may even appear almost as a short几乎可看成是短路7) cause stability problems for a transistor circuit.引起晶体管电路的稳定性（不好）问题8) digital technology数字技术9) the most popular technology最普遍的技术，最常用的技术10) use two complementary types of transistors N-channel and P-channel用两种互补型的晶体管-N沟道（MOS管）和P沟道（MOS管）1) electronic power supply 或steady DC V oltage source稳压电源2) bridge rectifier桥式整流器3) pulsating DC 脉冲直流电4) anode of diode二极管的正极5) peak voltage峰值电压6) capacitor filter电容滤波器7) charge and discharge充电和放电8) zener diode稳压管9) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)电气电子工程师学会10) technical professional association专业技术组织1) equipment operation设备的运行2) device that converts AC into DC把交流电转换成直流电的器件（设备）3) the power lines电源线4) depending on the value of DC voltage needed根据（取决于）所需要的直流电压值5) a half-wave rectifier半波整流器6) so as to produce a constant DC output从而产生一个稳定的直流输出7) in the negative side of the capacitor在电容的负极8) flow through the load流过负载9) in the forward-biased condition在加正向偏置（电压）的条件下10) a series ( current-limiting) resistor一个串联（限制电流）电阻1) Kirchhoff’s V oltage Law基尔霍夫电压定律2) voltage sources电压源3) the law of conservation of electric charge电荷守恒定律4) at every instant of time在每一瞬时5) voltages across elements元件两端的电压6) radio transmission无线电传输7) frequency modulation调频信号8) the frequency domain频域9) linear resistor线性电阻10) amplitude modulation wave调幅波形2) under this circumstance在这种情况下3) present the second of Kirchhoff ’s laws给出基尔霍夫第二定律4) introduce the concept of a “loop”引入“回路”的概念5) An alternative statement of KVL KVL的另一种表述法6) voltages algebraically sum电压代数和7) sinusoidal steady-state response正弦稳态响应8) ordinary household voltage日常用电（即民用电和一般工业用电）的电压9) time-invariant circuit时不变电路10) percentage of modulation.调制百分比1) digital integrated circuits数字集成电路2) system design系统设计3) application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)专用集成电路4) the productivity of chip designers芯片设计能力（生产力）5) sophisticated design tools复杂精致的设计工具6) fast response times快速时间响应7) combinational logic blocks组合逻辑（电路）块8) valid signals有效信号9) input-output delay输入输出延迟10) the highest frequency logic circuits高频逻辑电路1) very large scale integrated(VLSI) circuits1) 超大规模集成电路2) in coarse terms粗略地说3) integrate a greater number of transistors in a single die or integrated circuit (IC)在一个芯片上集成大量晶体管即集成电路4) make well-informed design decisions.作出全面的设计决定5) the ratio of channel width to channel length沟道宽度与沟道长度的比值6) output latch of a combinational block6) 组合块（电路）的输出锁存器7) defined in a high-level language用（计算机）高级语言定义（描述）8) reliability of MOS transistorsMOS管的可靠性9) reduce the power consumption减小消耗功率10) to realize circuit functions实现电路的功能1) decimal system十进制数字系统2) storage of information within the computer在计算机中信息的储存3) printed or displayed打印或显示4) logic operation逻辑运算5) combination of gates组合逻辑门6) provide an output high only when all inputs are high仅当输入全为高电平时输出为高电平7) above expressing上述表达式8) synchronous device同步器件9) be combined with other gates与其他门电路结合10) the versatility and flexibility of digital integrated circuits数字集成电路的通用性和多功能性1) flip-flop触发器2) asynchronous device异步器件3) at arbitrary time在任意时间4) change state only on arrival of a clock pulse当时钟脉冲信号来到时改变状态6) clear input清除输入（信号）7) play video games玩电视游戏，玩计算机游戏8) surf the web上网（网上冲浪）9) with a common clock pulse transition用同一时钟脉冲(控制)转换10) in its broadest definition用广义的定义1) make up a computer system组成一个计算机系统2) high performance software高性能的软件3) the input/output (or I/O) devices输入输出器件4) CPU instructions reside in memory存储在储存器中的CPU指令5) store data to an output device把数据储存到一个输出设备中6) the control bus 或control signal lines控制信号线7) interrupt lines中断线8) read data from a memory从存储器中读数据9) semiconductor integrated circuits半导体集成电路10) dynamic RAM memory动态随机存储器1) impact system performance影响系统的性能2) be generally associated with external devices通常与外部设备相连接3) read data from an input device从输入设备中读取数据4) connect the various components of a VNA machine与一台冯.诺依曼计算机的各种部件相连接5) data bus数据总线6) 80x86 family microprocessor80X86系列微处理器（芯片）7) to differentiate memory locations and I/O devices区分储存器的不同地址和不同的输入输出器件8) this prompts the question这就提出了一个问题9) worth a brief mention值得简要地提一下10) storage capacity in a single memory chip一个存储芯片的存储容量1) with some similarities to …与……有些类似2) in an academic sense以学术观点来看3) structured language结构化语言4) the distinguishing feature显著特征5) local variables局部变量6) side effect副作用7) readable programs易读的程序8) high-level computer languages计算机高级语言9) assembly language instructions汇编语言指令10) comments describing the statements描述语句的注释1) perform a specific task.执行一个指定的任务2) to creep into a program潜伏（隐藏）在一个程序中3) in various situations在各种情况下4) section off and hide from the rest of the program和程序的其他部分分开并隐藏起来5) provide an alternative to assembly language programming给出汇编语言编程的替代方法6) correspond to one assembly language statement与一条汇编语言对应7) using alphanumeric symbols用字母及数字符号8) make it easier for programmers to write使编程者容易书写（程序）9) two statement with the braces花括号中的两条语句1) still image静止图像2) relate to television与电视有关的3) the most common way of displaying images 最常见的显示图像方式4) CRT or the cathode ray tube阴极射线管，显像管5) pixel像素6) create magnetic fields6) 建立电磁场7) move the beam horizontally水平移动光束8) electron beam电子束9) emit red, green and blue light发射红、绿、蓝光10) electrical signals电信号1) satellite broadcast卫星广播2) the normal intensity signal标准亮度的信号3) be familiar with……对……很熟悉4) cable TV programs有线电视节目5) select the channel选（电视节目）频道1) reassemble the dots into a meaningful image1) 把像点重新拼成一幅有意义的图像2) second amazing feature第二个奇妙的特点3) hit the flat screen撞击平坦的屏幕4) contain three different parts含有三个不同的部分5) the three colors mix together三种颜色混合在一起。
电子信息技术专业英语
electro- 电electromagnetic wave 电磁波， electrodynamic 电动力（学）的
electrode 电极 anode 阳极、正极 cathode 阴极、负极 positive 阳性的、正的、正数 negative阴性的、负的、负数
2. 1 专业词汇 Speciality Vocabularies
Unit 5 Digital Logic Circuit （数字逻辑线路）
Unit 6 Electronic Instrument Introduction--Oscilloscope （电子仪器介绍---示波器）
Unit 7 Computer Basics （计算机基础） Unit 8 Computer Netwroks （计算机网络） Unit 9 A Manual of Setting Up Your PC （PC机安装 手册） Unit 10 Office 2000 Series (Office 2000 系列) Unit 11 Multimedia (多媒体) Unit 12 ISDN (integrated service digital network) (综 合业务数据网)
in the desired sequence 按希望的顺序
1 科技英语的特点 Features
1.1 长句 Long sentences A与B成(正/反)比例
e.g. For direct current and low-frequency (directly) alternating current (up to a few thousand A be (reversely) proportional to B cycles per second) the resistance is reversely proportional to the cross-sectional (inversely ) area of the path the current must travel; that (direct) is , given two conductors of the same A be in (reverse) proportion/ratio to B material and having same length , but (inverse) differing in crossing-sectional area , the one resistance is reversely proportional (reciprocal) with larger area will have the lower to area, that is, resistance. ratio of 3 to 7. 它们之间比率为3比7。 They are in a
Integrated_Circuits(集成电路)电子信息类专业英语、计算机类专业英语文章
集成电路集成电路数字逻辑和电子电路由称为晶体管的电子开关得到它们的（各种）功能。
粗略地说，晶体管好似一种电子控制阀，由此加在阀一端的能量可以使能量在另外两个连接端之间流动。
通过多个晶体管的组合就可以构成数字逻辑模块，如与门和触发电路等。
而晶体管是由半导体构成的。
查阅大学化学书中的元素周期表，你会查到半导体是介于金属与非金属之间的一类元素。
它们之所以被叫做半导体是由于它们表现出来的性质类似于金属和非金属。
可使半导体像金属那样导电，或者像非金属那样绝缘。
通过半导体和少量其它元素的混合可以精确地控制这些不同的电特性，这种混合技术称之为“半导体掺杂”。
半导体通过掺杂可以包含更多的电子（N型）或更少的电子（P型）。
常用的半导体是硅和锗，N型硅半导体掺入磷元素，而P型硅半导体掺入硼元素。
不同掺杂的半导体层形成的三明治状夹层结构可以构成一个晶体管，最常见的两类晶体管是双极型晶体管（BJT）和场效应晶体管（FET），图2.1给出了它们的图示。
图中给出了这些晶体管的硅结构，以及它们用于电路图中的符号。
BJT 是NPN晶体管，因为由N—P—N掺杂硅三层构成。
当小电流注入基极时，可使较大的电流从集电极流向发射极。
图示的FET是N沟道的场效应型晶体管，它由两块被P型基底分离的N型组成。
将电压加在绝缘的栅极上时，可使电流由漏极流向源极。
它被叫做N沟道是因为栅极电压诱导基底上的N通道，使电流能在两个N区域之间流动。
另一个基本的半导体结构是二极管，由N型和P型硅连接而成的结组成。
二极管的作用就像一个单向阀门，由于电流只能从P流向N。
可以构建一些特殊二极管，在加电压时可以发光，这些器件非常合适地被叫做发光二极管或LED。
这种小灯泡数以百万计地被制造出来，有各种各样的应用，从电话机到交通灯。
半导体材料上制作晶体管或二极管所形成的小芯片用塑料封装以防损伤和被外界污染。
在这封装里一些短线连接半导体夹层和从封装内伸出的插脚以便与（使用该晶体管的）电路其余部分连接。
电子信息工程专业英语词汇(精华整理版)
transistor n 晶体管diode n 二极管semiconductor n 半导体resistor n 电阻器capacitor n 电容器alternating adj 交互的amplifier n 扩音器，放大器integrated circuit 集成电路linear time invariant systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压，伏特数Condenser=capacitor n 电容器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromagnetic adj 电磁的adj 非传导性的deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差linear device 线性器件the insulation resistance 绝缘电阻anode n 阳极，正极cathode n 阴极breakdown n 故障；崩溃terminal n 终点站；终端，接线端emitter n 发射器collect v 收集，集聚，集中insulator n 绝缘体，绝热器oscilloscope n 示波镜；示波器gain n 增益，放大倍数forward biased 正向偏置reverse biased 反向偏置P-N junction PN结MOS（metal-oxide semiconductor）金属氧化物半导体enhancement and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型integrated circuits 集成电路analog n 模拟digital adj 数字的，数位的horizontal adj, 水平的，地平线的vertical adj 垂直的，顶点的amplitude n 振幅，广阔，丰富multimeter n 万用表frequency n 频率，周率the cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管dual-trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器signal generating device 信号发生器peak-to-peak output voltage 输出电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波triangle wave 三角波square wave 方波amplifier 放大器，扩音器oscillator n 振荡器feedback n 反馈，回应phase n 相，阶段，状态filter n 滤波器，过滤器rectifier n整流器；纠正者band-stop filter 带阻滤波器band-pass filter 带通滤波器decimal adj 十进制的，小数的hexadecimal adj/n十六进制的binary adj 二进制的；二元的octal adj 八进制的domain n 域；领域code n代码，密码，编码v编码the Fourier transform 傅里叶变换Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换microcontroller n 微处理器；微控制器assembly language instrucions n 汇编语言指令chip n 芯片，碎片modular adj 模块化的；模数的sensor n 传感器plug vt堵，塞，插上n塞子，插头，插销coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的fiber n 光纤relay contact 继电接触器Artificial Intelligence 人工智能Perceptive Systems 感知系统neural network 神经网络fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑intelligent agent 智能代理electromagnetic adj 电磁的coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的microwave n 微波charge v充电，使充电insulator n 绝缘体，绝缘物nonconductive adj非导体的，绝缘的simulation n 仿真；模拟prototype n 原型array n 排队，编队vector n 向量，矢量inverse adj倒转的，反转的n反面；相反v倒转high-performance 高精确性，高性能two-dimensional 二维的；缺乏深度的three-dimensional 三维的；立体的；真实的object-oriented programming面向对象的程序设计spectral adj 光谱的distortion n 失真，扭曲，变形wavelength n 波长refractive adj 折射的ivision Multiplexing单工传输simplex transmission半双工传输half-duplex transmission全双工传输full-duplex transmission电路交换circuit switching数字传输技术Digital transmission technology灰度图像Grey scale images灰度级Grey scale level幅度谱Magnitude spectrum相位谱Phase spectrum频谱frequency spectrum相干解调coherent demodulation coherent相干的数字图像压缩digital image compression图像编码image encoding量化quantization人机交互man machine interface交互式会话Conversational interaction路由算法Routing Algorithm目标识别Object recognition话音变换Voice transform中继线trunk line传输时延transmission delay远程监控remote monitoring光链路optical linkhalf-duplex transmission 半双工传输accompaniment 伴随物，附属物reservation 保留，预定quotation 报价单，行情报告，引语memorandum 备忘录redundancy 备用be viewed as 被看作…be regards as 被认为是as such 本身；照此；以这种资格textual 本文的，正文的variation 变化，变量conversion 变化，转化identity 标识；标志criterion 标准，准则in parallel on 并联到，合并到juxtapose 并置，并列dialing pulse 拨号脉冲wave-guide 波导wavelength division multiplexed 波分复用baud rate 波特率playback 播放（录音带，唱片）no greater than 不大于update 不断改进，使…适合新的要求，更新asymmetric 不对称的irrespective 不考虑的，不顾的inevitably 不可避免的inevitable 不可避免的，不可逃避的，必定的segment 部分abrasion 擦伤，磨损deploy 采用，利用，推广应用take the form of 采用…的形式parameter 参数，参量layer 层dope 掺杂FET(field effect transistors) 场效应管audio recording 唱片ultra-high-frequency(UHF) 超高频in excess of 超过in excess of 超过hypertext 超文本ingredient 成分，因素ingredient 成分，组成部分，要素metropolitan-area network(WAN) 城域网metropolitan area network(WAN) 城域网，城市网络congestion 充满，拥挤，阻塞collision 冲突extractive 抽出；释放出extract 抽取，取出，分离lease 出租，租约，租界期限，租界物pass on 传递，切换transmission 传输facsimile 传真innovative=innovatory 创新的，富有革新精神的track 磁道impetus 促进，激励cluster 簇stored-program control(SPC) 存储程序控制a large number of 大量的peal 大声响，发出supersede 代替supplant 代替，取代out-of-band signaling 带外信号simplex transmission 单工传输monochromatic 单色的，单色光的，黑白的ballistic 弹道的，射击的，冲击的conductor 导体hierarchy 等级制度，层次infrastructure 底层结构，基础结构geographic 地理的，地区的geographically 地理上GIS(ground instrumentation system) 地面测量系统ground station 地面站earth orbit 地球轨道extraterrestrial 地球外的，地球大气圈外的Land-sat 地球资源卫星rug 地毯，毯子ignite 点火，点燃，使兴奋electromagnetic 电磁的inductive 电感arc 电弧telephony 电话（学），通话dielectric 电介质，绝缘材料；电解质的，绝缘的capacitor 电容telecommunication 电信，无线电通讯scenario 电影剧本，方案modem pool 调制解调器（存储）池superimposing 叠加，重叠pin 钉住，扣住，抓住customize 定做，定制monolithic 独立的，完全统一的aluminize 镀铝strategic 对全局有重要意义的，战略的substantial 多的，大的，实际上的multi-path fading 多径衰落multi-path 多路，多途径；多路的，多途径的multi-access 多路存取，多路进入multiplex 多路复用multiplex 多路复用的degradation 恶化，降级dioxide 二氧化碳LED(light-emitting-diode) 发光二极管evolution 发展，展开，渐进feedback 反馈，回授dimension 范围，方向，维，元scenario 方案scenario 方案，电影剧本amplifer 放大器noninvasive 非侵略的，非侵害的tariff 费率，关税率；对…征税distributed functional plane(DFP) 分布功能平面DQDB(distributed queue dual bus) 分布式队列双总线hierarchy 分层，层次partition 分成segmentation 分割interface 分界面，接口asunder 分开地，分离地detached 分离的，分开的，孤立的dispense 分配allocate 分配，配给；配给物centigrade 分为百度的，百分度的，摄氏温度的fractal 分形molecule 分子，微小，些微cellular 蜂窝状的cellular 蜂窝状的，格形的，多孔的auxiliary storage(also called secondary storage)辅助存储器decay 腐烂，衰减，衰退negative 负电vicinity 附近，邻近vicinity 附近地区，近处sophisticated 复杂的，高级的，现代化的high-frequency(HF) 高频high definition television 高清晰度电视chromium 铬annotate 给…作注解in terms of 根据，按照disclosure 公布，企业决算公开public network 公用网functionality 功能，功能度mercury 汞resonator 共鸣器resonance 共振whimsical 古怪的，反复无常的administration 管理，经营cursor 光标（显示器），游标，指针optical computer 光计算机photoconductor 光敏电阻optical disks 光盘optically 光学地，光地wide-area networks 广域网specification 规范，说明书silicon 硅the international telecommunication union(ITU)国际电信联盟excess 过剩obsolete 过时的，废弃的maritime 海事的synthetic 合成的，人造的，综合的synthetic 合成的，综合性的rational 合乎理性的rationalization 合理化streamline 合理化，理顺infrared 红外线的，红外线skepticism 怀疑论ring network 环形网hybrid 混合物counterpart 伙伴，副本，对应物electromechanical 机电的，电动机械的Robot 机器人Robotics 机器人技术，机器人学accumulation 积累infrastructure 基础，基础结构substrate 基质，底质upheaval 激变，剧变compact disc 激光磁盘（CD）concentrator 集中器，集线器centrex system 集中式用户交换功能系统converge on 集中于，聚集在…上lumped element 集总元件CAI(computer-aided instruction) 计算机辅助教学computer-integrated manufacturing(CIM) 计算机集成制造computer mediated communication(CMC) 计算机中介通信record 记录register 记录器，寄存器expedite 加快，促进weight 加权accelerate 加速，加快，促进categorize 加以类别，分类in addition 加之，又，另外hypothetical 假设的rigidly 坚硬的，僵硬的compatibility 兼容性，相容性surveillance 监视surveillance 监视retrieval 检索，（可）补救verification 检验simplicity 简单，简明film 胶片，薄膜take over 接管，接任ruggedness 结实threshold 界限，临界值with the aid of 借助于，用，通过wire line 金属线路，有线线路coherent 紧凑的，表达清楚的，粘附的，相干的compact 紧密的approximation 近似undertake 进行，从事transistor 晶体管elaborate 精心制作的，细心完成的，周密安排的vigilant 警戒的，警惕的alcohol 酒精，酒local area networks(LANs) 局域网local-area networks(LANs) 局域网drama 剧本，戏剧，戏剧的演出focus on 聚集在，集中于，注视insulator 绝缘root mean square 均方根uniform 均匀的open-system-interconnection(OSI) 开放系统互连expire 开始无效，满期，终止immunity 抗扰，免除，免疫性take…into account 考虑，重视…programmable industrial automation 可编程工业自动化demountable 可拆卸的tunable 可调的reliable 可靠be likely to 可能，大约，像要videotex video 可视图文电视negligible 可以忽略的aerial 空气的，空中的，无形的，虚幻的；天线broadband 宽（频）带pervasive 扩大的，渗透的tensile 拉力的，张力的romanticism 浪漫精神，浪漫主义discrete 离散，不连续ion 离子force 力量；力stereophonic 立体声的continuum 连续统一体，连续统，闭联集smart 灵巧的；精明的；洒脱的token 令牌on the other hand 另一方面hexagonal 六边形的，六角形的hexagon 六角形，六边形monopoly 垄断，专利video-clip 录像剪辑aluminum 铝pebble 卵石，水晶透镜forum 论坛，讨论会logical relationships 逻辑关系code book 码本pulse code modulation(PCM) 脉冲编码调制roam 漫步，漫游bps(bits per second) 每秒钟传输的比特ZIP codes 美国邮区划分的五位编码susceptible(to) 敏感的，易受…的analog 模拟，模拟量pattern recognition模式识别bibliographic 目录的，文献的neodymium 钕the european telecommunicationstandardization institute(ETSI) 欧洲电信标准局coordinate 配合的，协调的；使配合，调整ratify 批准，认可bias 偏差；偏置deviate 偏离，与…不同spectrum 频谱come into play 其作用entrepreneurial 企业的heuristic methods 启发式方法play a …role(part) 起…作用stem from 起源于；由…发生organic 器官的，有机的，组织的hypothesis 前提front-end 前置，前级potential 潜势的，潜力的intensity 强度coincidence 巧合，吻合，一致scalpel 轻便小刀，解剖刀inventory 清单，报表spherical 球的，球形的distinguish 区别，辨别succumb 屈服，屈从，死global functional plane(GFP) 全局功能平面full-duplex transmission 全双工传输hologram 全息照相，全息图deficiency 缺乏thermonuclear 热核的artifact 人工制品AI(artificial intelligence) 人工智能fusion 熔解，熔化diskettes(also called floppy disk) 软盘sector 扇区entropy 熵uplink 上行链路arsenic 砷neural network 神经网络very-high-frequency(VHF) 甚高频upgrade 升级distortion 失真，畸变identification 识别，鉴定，验明pragmatic 实际的implementation 实施，实现，执行，敷设entity 实体，存在vector quantification 矢量量化mislead 使…误解，给…错误印象，引错vex 使烦恼，使恼火defy 使落空facilitate 使容易，促进retina 视网膜compatible 适合的，兼容的transceiver 收发两用机authorize 授权，委托，允许data security 数据安全性data independence 数据独立data management 数据管理database 数据库database management system(DBMS) 数据库管理信息系统database transaction 数据库事务data integrity 数据完整性，数据一致性attenuation 衰减fading 衰落，衰减，消失dual 双的，二重的transient 瞬时的deterministic 宿命的，确定的algorithm 算法dissipation 损耗carbon 碳diabetes 糖尿病cumbersome 讨厌的，麻烦的，笨重的razor 剃刀，剃go by the name of 通称，普通叫做commucation session 通信会话traffic 通信业务（量）synchronous transmission 同步传输concurrent 同时发生的，共存的simultaneous 同时发生的，同时做的simultaneous 同时发生的，一齐的coaxial 同轴的copper 铜statistical 统计的，统计学的dominate 统治，支配invest in 投资perspective 透视，角度，远景graphics 图示，图解pictorial 图像的coating 涂层，层deduce 推理reasoning strategies 推理策略inference engine 推理机topology 拓扑结构heterodyne 外差法的peripheral 外界的，外部的，周围的gateway 网关hazardous 危险的microwave 微波（的）microprocessor 微处理机，微处理器microelectronic 微电子nuance 微小的差别（色彩等）encompass 围绕，包围，造成，设法做到maintenance 维护；保持；维修satellite communication 卫星通信satellite network 卫星网络transceiver 无线电收发信机radio-relay transmission 无线电中继传输without any doubt 无疑passive satellite 无源卫星sparse 稀少的，稀疏的downlink 下行链路precursor 先驱，前任visualization 显像feasibility 现实性，可行性linearity 线性度constrain 限制，约束，制约considerable 相当的，重要的geo-stationary 相对地面静止by contrast 相反，而，对比起来coorelation 相关性mutual 相互的mutually 相互的，共同的interconnect 相互连接，互连one after the other 相继，依次minicomputer 小型计算机protocol 协议，草案protocol 协议，规约，规程psycho-acoustic 心理（精神）听觉的；传音的channelization 信道化，通信信道选择run length encoding 行程编码groom 修饰，准备virtual ISDN 虚拟ISDNmultitude 许多，大批，大量whirl 旋转preference 选择，喜欢avalanche 雪崩pursue 寻求，从事interrogation 询问dumb 哑的，不说话的，无声的subcategory 亚类，子种类，子范畴orbital 眼眶；轨道oxygen 氧气，氧元素service switching and control points(SSCPs) 业务交换控制点service control points(SCPs) 业务控制点service control function(SCF) 业务控制功能in concert 一致，一齐handover 移交，越区切换at a rate of 以……的速率in the form of 以…的形式base on…以…为基础yttrium 钇（稀有金属，符号Y）asynchronous transmission 异步传输asynchronous 异步的exceptional 异常的，特殊的voice-grade 音频级indium 铟give rise to 引起，使产生cryptic 隐义的，秘密的hard disk 硬盘hard automation 硬自动化by means of 用，依靠equip with 用…装备subscriber 用户telex 用户电报PBX(private branch exchange) 用户小交换机或专用交换机be called upon to 用来…，（被）要求…superiority 优势predominance 优势，显著active satellite 有源卫星in comparison with 与…比较comparable to 与…可比preliminary 预备的，初步的premonition 预感，预兆nucleus 原子核valence 原子价circumference 圆周，周围teleprocessing 远程信息处理，遥控处理perspective 远景，前途constrain 约束，强迫mobile 运动的，流动的，机动的，装在车上的convey 运输，传递，转换impurity 杂质impurity 杂质，混杂物，不洁，不纯regenerative 再生的improve over 在……基础上改善play important role in 在…中起重要作用in close proximity 在附近，在很近underlying 在下的，基础的in this respect 在这方面germanium 锗positive 正电quadrature 正交orthogonal 正交的quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) 正交幅度调制on the right track 正在轨道上sustain 支撑，撑住，维持，持续outgrowh 支派；长出；副产品dominate 支配，统治knowledge representation 知识表示knowledge engineering 知识工程knowledge base 知识库in diameter 直径helicopter 直升飞机acronym 只取首字母的缩写词as long as 只要，如果tutorial 指导教师的，指导的coin 制造（新字符），杜撰fabrication 制造，装配；捏造事实proton 质子intelligence 智能，智力，信息intelligent network 智能网intermediate 中间的nucleus(pl.nuclei) 中心，核心neutrons 中子terminal 终端，终端设备overlay 重叠，覆盖，涂覆highlight 重要的部分，焦点charge 主管，看管；承载dominant 主要的，控制的，最有力的cylinder 柱面expert system 专家系统private network 专用网络transition 转变，转换，跃迁relay 转播relay 转播，中继repeater 转发器，中继器pursue 追赶，追踪，追求，继续desktop publish 桌面出版ultraviolet 紫外线的，紫外的；紫外线辐射field 字段vendor 自动售货机，厂商naturally 自然的；天生具备的synthesize 综合，合成integrate 综合，使完全ISDN(intergrated services digital network) 综合业务数字网as a whole 总体上bus network 总线形网crossbar 纵横，交叉impedance 阻抗initial 最初的，开始的optimum 最佳条件appear as 作为…出现A Analog 模拟A/D Analog to Digital 模-数转换AAC Advanced Audio Coding 高级音频编码ABB Automatic Black Balance 自动黑平衡ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司Automatic Bass Compensation 自动低音补偿Automatic Brightness Control 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平ABLC Automatic Brightness LimiterCircuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asian Broadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟(亚广联ABS American Bureau of Standard 美国标准局AC Access Conditions 接入条件Audio Center 音频中心ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 邻频道衰减ACC Automatic Centering Control 自动中心控制Automatic Chroma Control 自动色度(增益ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法ACS Access Control System 接入控制系统Advanced Communication Service 高级通信业务Area Communication System 区域通信系统ADC Analog to Digital Converter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Line 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasing 音频（声音AEF Automatic Editing Function 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engineering Society 音频工程协会AF Audio Frequency 音频AFA Audio Frequency Amplifier 音频放大器AFC Automatic Frequency Coder 音频编码器Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制AFT Automatic Fine Tuning 自动微调Automatic Frequency Track 自动频率跟踪Automatic Frequency Trim 自动额率微调AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能ALM Audio-Level Meter 音频电平表AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅AMS Automatic Music Sensor 自动音乐传感装置ANC Automatic Noise Canceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTenna 天线AO Analog Output 模拟输出APS Automatic Program Search 自动节目搜索APPS Automatic Program Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS Automatic Program Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Response 音频响应ARC Automatic Remote Control 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Scanning Tracking 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timing Control 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correction 自动音频校正ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Finding 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee （美国高级电视制式委员会）***C Automatic Volume Control 自动音量控制***R Automatic Voltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic White Balance 自动白平衡AZC Automatic Zooming Control 自动变焦控制AZS Automatic Zero Setting 自动调零BA Branch Amplifier 分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Binary-Analog Conversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司BBI Beijing Broadcasting Institute 北京广播学院BC Binary Code 二进制码Balanced Current 平衡电流Broadcast Control 广播控制BCT Bandwidth Compression Technique带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directional Data Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare Fiber Adapter 裸光纤适配器Brillouin Fiber Amplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Background Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic Input／Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadband-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic Information Unit 基本信息单元Bus Interface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Business Management Layer 商务管理层BN Backbone Network 主干网BNT Broadband Network Termination 宽带网络终端设备BO Bus Out 总线输出BPG Basic Pulse Generator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Band Pitch Shift 分频段变调节器BSI British Standard Institute 英国标准学会BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务BT Block Terminal 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA Broadband Terminal Adapter 宽带终端适配器Broadcasting Technology Association (日本BTL Balanced Transformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS Broadcast Technical Standard 广播技术标准BTU Basic Transmission Unit 基本传输单元BVU Broadcasting Video Unit 广播视频型(一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式BW BandWidth 带宽BWTV Black and White Television 黑白电视CA Conditional Access 条件接收CAC Conditional Access Control 条件接收控制CAL Continuity Accept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS Conditional Access System 条件接收系统Conditional Access Sub-system 条件接收子系统CATV Cable Television 有线电视，电缆电视Community Antenna Television 共用天线电视C*** Constant Angular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation加拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting System （美国哥伦比亚广播公司CC Concentric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chinese Character Generator 中文字幕发生器CCIR International Radio ConsultativeCommittee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph andTelephone ConsultativeCommittee 国际电话电报咨询委员会CCR Central Control Room 中心控制室CCTV China Central Television 中国中央电视台Close-Circuit Television 闭路电视CCS Center Central System 中心控制系统CCU Camera Control Unit 摄像机控制器CCW Counter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CD Compact Disc 激光唱片CDA Current Dumping Amplifier 电流放大器CD-E Compact Disc Erasable 可抹式激光唱片CDFM Compact Disc File Manager 光盘文件管理(程序CDPG Compact-Disc Plus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read OnlyMemory 只读式紧凑光盘CETV China Educational Television 中国教育电视台CF Color Framing 彩色成帧CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形(显示卡CI Common Interface 通用接口CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形(显示卡CI Common Interface 通用接口CIE Chinese Institute of Electronics 中国电子学会CII China Information Infrastructure 中国信息基础设施CIF Common Intermediate Format 通用中间格式CIS Chinese Industrial Standard 中国工业标准CLV Constant Linear Velocity 恒定线速度CM Colour Monitor 彩色监视器CMTS Cable Modem Termination System线缆调制解调器终端系统CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CON Console 操纵台Controller 控制器CPB Corporation of Public Broadcasting（美国公共广播公司CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRCC CRI Cyclic Redundancy Check Code循环冗余校验码CROM China Radio International 中国国际广播电台CRT Control Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器CS Cathode-Ray Tube 阴极射线管CSC Communication Satellite 通信卫星CSS Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波Center Storage Server 中央存储服务器Content Scrambling System 内容加扰系统CSU Channel Service Unit 信道业务单元CT Color Temperature 色温CTC Cassette Tape Controller 盒式磁带控制器Channel Traffic Control 通道通信量控制Counter Timer Circuit 计数器定时器电路Counter Timer Control 计数器定时器控制CTE Cable Termination Equipment 线缆终端设备Customer Terminal Equipment 用户终端设备CTV Color Television 彩色电视CVD China Video Disc 中国数字视盘CW Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting 数字音频广播DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库管理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带Dynamic Contrast Control 动态对比度控制DCT Digital Component Technology 数字分量技术Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital Color Television 数字彩色电视DD Direct Drive 直接驱动DDC Direct Digital Control 直接数字控制DDE Dynamic Data Exchange 动态数据交换DDM Data Display Monitor 数据显示监视器DES Data Elementary Stream 数据基本码流Data Encryption Standard 美国数据加密标准DF Dispersion Flattened 色散平坦光纤DG Differential Gain 微分增益DI Digital Interface 数字接口DITEC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dynamic Linear Drive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation 增量调制Digital Modulation 数字调制DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 数字多媒体广播DMC Dynamic Motion Control 动态控制DME Digital Multiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Mastering System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gathering 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输出总线DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOC Drop Out Compensation 失落补偿DOS Disc Operating System 磁盘操作系统DP Differential Phase 微分相位Data Pulse 数据脉冲DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modulation 差值脉冲编码调制DPL Dolby Pro Logic 杜比定向逻辑DSB Digital Satellite Broadcasting 数字卫星广播DSC Digital Studio Control 数字演播室控制DSD Dolby Surround Digital 杜比数字环绕声DSE Digital Special Effect 数字特技DSK Down-Stream Key 下游键DSP Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理Digital Sound Processor 数字声音处理器DSS Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统DT Digital Technique 数字技术Digital Television 数字电视Data Terminal 数据终端Data Transmission 数据传输DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting 数字地面广播DTBC Digital Time-Base Corrector 数字时基校正器DTC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DTS Digital Theater System 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System 数字调谐系统Digital Television Standard 数字电视标准DVB Digital Video Broadcasting 数字视频广播DVC Digital Video Compression 数字视频压缩DVE Digital Video Effect 数字视频特技DVS Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播DVTR Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Extension Amplifier 延长放大器EB Electron Beam 电子束EBS Emergency Broadcasting System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcasting Union 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correction 误差校正ECN Emergency Communications Network应急通信网络ECS European Communication Satellite 欧洲通信卫星EDC Error Detection Code 错误检测码EDE Electronic Data Exchange 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit Decision List 编辑点清单EDTV Extended Definition Television 扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted 允许误差EFM Eight to Fourteen Modulation 8-14调制EFP Electronic Field Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ethernet Hosts 以太网主机EIN Equivalent Input Noise 等效输入噪声EIS Electronic Information System 电子信息系统EISA Extended Industrial StandardArchitecture 扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Luminescent 场致发光EM Error Monitoring 误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electronic News Gathering 电子新闻采集EOT End of Tape 带尾EP Edit Point 编辑点Error Protocol 错误协议EPG Electronic Program Guides 电子节目指南EPS Emergency Power Supply 应急电源ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效辐射功率ES Elementary Stream 基本码流End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲空间局ETV Education Television 教育电视FA Enhanced Television 增强电视FABM FAS Facial Animation 面部动画FC Fiber Amplifier Booster Module 光纤放大器增强模块Fiber Access System 光纤接入系统Frequency Changer 变频器FCC Fiber Channel 光纤通道FD Film Composer 电影编辑系统Federal Communications Commission 美国联邦通信委员会FDCT Frequency Divider 分频器FDDI FDM Fiber Duct 光纤管道FDP Forward Discrete Cosine Transform离散余弦正变换FE Fiber Distributed Data Interface 分布式光纤数据接口Frequency-Division Multiplexing 频分复用FF Fiber Distribution Point 光纤分配点FG Front End 前端FH Framing Error 成帧误差FIT Fast Forward 快进FN Frequency Generator 频率发生器FOA Frequency Hopping 跳频FOC Frame-Interline Transfer 帧一行间转移Fiber Node 光纤节点Fiber Optic Amplifier 光纤放大器FOM Fiber Optic Cable 光缆FON Fiber Optic Communications 光纤通信FOS Fiber Optic Coupler 光纤耦合器FOTC Fiber Optic Modem 光纤调制解调器FS Fiber Optic Net 光纤网Factor of Safety 安全系数Fiber Optic Trunk Cable 光缆干线FT Frame Scan 帧扫描FTP Frame Store 帧存储器FTTB Frame Synchro 帧同步机FTTC France Telecom 法国电信Absorber Circuit 吸收电路AC/AC Frequency Converter 交交变频电路AC power control交流电力控制AC Power Controller交流调功电路AC Power Electronic Switch交流电力电子开关Ac Voltage Controller交流调压电路Asynchronous Modulation异步调制Baker Clamping Circuit贝克箝位电路Bi-directional Triode Thyristor双向晶闸管Bipolar Junction Transistor-- BJT双极结型晶体管Boost-Buck Chopper升降压斩波电路Boost Chopper升压斩波电路Boost Converter升压变换器Bridge Reversible Chopper桥式可逆斩波电路Buck Chopper降压斩波电路Buck Converter降压变换器Commutation换流Conduction Angle导通角Constant Voltage Constant Frequency --CVCF恒压恒频Continuous Conduction--CCM（电流）连续模式Control Circuit 控制电路Cuk Circuit CUK 斩波电路Current Reversible Chopper电流可逆斩波电路Current Source Type Inverter--CSTI 电流（源）型逆变电路Cyclo convertor周波变流器DC-AC-DC Converter直交直电路DC Chopping直流斩波DC Chopping Circuit直流斩波电路DC-DC Converter直流－直流变换器Device Commutation器件换流Direct Current Control直接电流控制Discontinuous Conduction mode （电流）断续模式displacement factor 位移因数distortion power 畸变功率double end converter 双端电路driving circuit 驱动电路electrical isolation 电气隔离fast acting fuse 快速熔断器fast recovery diode快恢复二极管fast revcovery epitaxial diodes 快恢复外延二极管fast switching thyristor快速晶闸管field controlled thyristor场控晶闸管flyback converter 反激电流forced commutation 强迫换流forward converter 正激电路frequency converter 变频器full bridge converter全桥电路full bridge rectifier 全桥整流电路full wave rectifier 全波整流电路fundamental factor基波因数gate turn-off thyristor——GTO 可关断晶闸管general purpose diode 普通二极管giant transistor——GTR 电力晶体管half bridge converter 半桥电路hard switching 硬开关high voltage IC 高压集成电路hysteresis comparison 带环比较方式indirect current control间接电流控制indirect DC-DC converter直接电流变换电路insulated-gate bipolar transistor---IGBT绝缘栅双极晶体管intelligent power module---IPM智能功率模块integrated gate-commutated thyristor---IGCT 集成门极换流晶闸管inversion 逆变latching effect 擎住效应leakage inductance 漏感light triggered thyristor---LTT光控晶闸管line commutation 电网换流load commutation 负载换流loop current 环流1 backplane 背板2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考3 bench top supply 工作台电源4 Block Diagram 方块图5 Bode Plot 波特图6 Bootstrap 自举7 Bottom FET Bottom FET8 bucket capacitor 桶形电容9 chassis 机架11 constant current source 恒流源12 Core Saturation 铁芯饱和13 crossover frequency 交叉频率14 current ripple 纹波电流15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期16 cycle skipping 周期跳步17 Dead Time 死区时间18 DIE Temperature 核心温度19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断20 dominant pole 主极点21 Enable 使能，有效，启用22 ESD Rating ESD额定值23 Evaluation Board 评估板24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not implied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。
Integrated_Circuits(集成电路)电子信息类专业英语、计算机类专业英语文章
Integrated Circuits(集成电路)The Integrated CircuitDigital logic and electronic circuits derive their functionality from electronic switches called transistor. Roughly speaking, the transistor can be likened to an electronically controlled valve whereby energy applied to one connection of the valve enables energy to flow between two other connections.By combining multiple transistors, digital logic building blocks such as AND gates and flip-flops are formed. Transistors, in turn, are made from semiconductors. Consult a periodic table of elements in a college chemistry textbook, and you will locate semiconductors as a group of elements separating the metals and nonmetals.They are called semiconductors because of their ability to behave as both metals and nonmetals. A semiconductor can be made to conduct electricity like a metal or to insulate as a nonmetal does. These differing electrical properties can be accurately controlled by mixing the semiconductor with small amounts of other elements. This mixing is called doping. A semiconductor can be doped to contain more electrons (N-type) or fewer electrons (P-type). Examples of commonly used semiconductors are silicon and germanium. Phosphorous and boron are two elements that are used to dope N-type and P-type silicon, respectively.A transistor is constructed by creating a sandwich of differently doped semiconductor layers. The two most common types of transistors, the bipolar-junction transistor (BJT) and the field-effect transistor (FET) are schematically illustrated.This figure shows both the silicon structures of these elements and their graphical symbolic representation as would be seen in a circuit diagram. The BJT shown is an NPN transistor, because it is composed of a sandwich of N-P-N doped silicon. When a small current is injected into the base terminal, a larger current is enabled to flow from the collector to the emitter.The FET shown is an N-channel FET, which is composed of two N-type regions separated by a P-type substrate. When a voltage is applied to the insulated gate terminal, a current is enabled to flow from the drain to the source. It is called N-channel, because the gate voltage induces an N-channel within the substrate, enabling current to flow between the N-regions.Another basic semiconductor structure is a diode, which is formed simply by a junction of N-type and P-type silicon. Diodes act like one-way valves by conducting current only from P to N. Special diodes can be created that emit light when a voltage is applied. Appropriately enough, these components are called light emitting diodes, or LEDs. These small lights are manufactured by the millions and are found in diverse applications from telephones to traffic lights.The resulting small chip of semiconductor material on which a transistor or diode is fabricated can be encased in a small plastic package for protection against damage and contamination from the out-side world.Small wires are connected within this package between the semiconductor sandwich and pins that protrude from the package to make electrical contact with other parts of the intended circuit. Once you have several discrete transistors, digital logic can be built by directly wiring these components together. The circuit will function, but any substantial amount of digital logic will be very bulky, because several transistors are required to implement each of the various types of logic gates.At the time of the invention of the transistor in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the only way to assemble multiple transistors into a single circuit was to buyseparate discrete transistors and wire them together. In 1959, Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce independently invented a means of fabricating multiple transistors on a single slab of semiconductor material. Their invention would come to be known as the integrated circuit, or IC, which is the foundation of our modern computerized world. An IC is so called because it integrates multiple transistors and diodes onto the same small semiconductor chip. Instead of having to solder individual wires between discrete components, an IC contains many small components that are already wired together in the desired topology to form a circuit.A typical IC, without its plastic or ceramic package, is a square or rectangular silicon die measuring from 2 to 15 mm on an edge. Depending on the level of technology used to manufacture the IC, there may be anywhere from a dozen to tens of millions of individual transistors on this small chip. This amazing density of electronic components indicates that the transistors and the wires that connect them are extremely small in size. Dimensions on an IC are measured in units of micrometers, with one micrometer (1mm) being one millionth of a meter. To serve as a reference point, a human hair is roughly 100mm in diameter. Some modern ICs contain components and wires that are measured in increments as small as 0.1mm!When an IC is designed and fabricated, it generally follows one of two main transistor technologies: bipolar or metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS). Bipolar processes create BJTs, whereas MOS processes create FETs. Bipolar logic was more common before the 1980s, but MOS technologies have since accounted the great majority of digital logic ICs. N-channel FETs are fabricated in an NMOS process, and P-channel FETs are fabricated in a PMOS process. In the 1980s, complementary-MOS, or CMOS, became the dominant process technology and remains so to this day. CMOS ICs incorporate both NMOS and PMOS transistors.Application Specific Integrated CircuitAn application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use. For example, a chip designed solely to run a cell phone is an ASIC. In contrast, the 7400 series and 4000 series integrated circuits are logic building blocks that can be wired together for use in many different applications.As feature sizes have shrunk and design tools improved over the years, the maximum complexity (and hence functionality) possible in an ASIC has grown from 5,000 gates to over 100 million.Modern ASICs often include entire 32-bit processors, memory blocks including ROM, RAM, EEPROM, Flash and other large building blocks. Such an ASIC is often termed a SoC (System-on-Chip). Designers of digital ASICs use a hardware description language (HDL), such as Verilog or VHDL, to describe the functionality of ASICs.Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are the modern day equivalent of 7400 series logic and a breadboard, containing programmable logic blocks and programmable interconnects that allow the same FPGA to be used in many different applications. For smaller designs and/or lower production volumes, FPGAs may be more cost effective than an ASIC design. The non-recurring engineering cost (the cost to setup the factory to produce a particular ASIC) can run into hundreds of thousands of dollars.The general term application specific integrated circuit includes FPGAs, but most designers use ASIC only for non-field programmable devices and make a distinction between ASIC and FPGAs.中文翻译：集成电路集成电路数字逻辑和电子电路由称为晶体管的电子开关得到它们的（各种）功能。
电子信息类专业英语第4章
Unit 4 Integrated Circuit
The key to the transistor’s rapid development was the use of silicon instead of wire as the basic conductive material. This element, which comprises 28 percent of the earth’s crust, is not only stable over a wide range of temperatures, but also offers dependable manufacturing control.
low power dissipation
低功耗
超大规
Unit 4 Integrated Circuit
Expressions
subject to 遭受
take up
占有
lead to
导致
call upon
号召
such as
比如
make up
形成
lie in...
位于…，在于…
be classified by function into 按功能分类为
Unit 4 Integrated Circuit
The development of integrated circuits has revolutionized the fields of communications, information handling, and computing. Integrated circuits reduce the size and the weight of devices and lower manufacturing and system costs, while at the same time providing high speed, excellent functional performance, low power dissipation and increased reliability. ICs are widely used in the electronic industry.
IntegratedCircuits集成电路电子信息类专业英语计算机类专业英语文
Integrated Circuits(集成电路)英文原稿:The Integrated CircuitDigital logic and electronic circuits derive their functionality from electronic switches called transistor. Roughly speaking, the transistor can be likened to an electronically controlled valve whereby energy applied to one connection of the valve enables energy to flow between two other connections.By combining multiple transistors, digital logic building blocks such as AND gates and flip-flops are formed. Transistors, in turn, are made from semiconductors. Consult a periodic table of elements in a college chemistry textbook, and you will locate semiconductors as a group of elements separating the metals and nonmetals.They are called semiconductors because of their ability to behave as both metals and nonmetals. A semiconductor can be made to conduct electricity like a metal or to insulate as a nonmetal does. These differing electrical properties can be accurately controlled by mixing the semiconductor with small amounts of other elements. This mixing is called doping. A semiconductor can be doped to contain more electrons (N-type) or fewer electrons (P-type). Examples of commonly used semiconductors are silicon and germanium. Phosphorous and boron are two elements that are used to dope N-type and P-type silicon, respectively.A transistor is constructed by creating a sandwich of differently doped semiconductor layers. The two most common types of transistors, the bipolar-junction transistor (BJT) and the field-effect transistor (FET) are schematically illustrated in Figure 2.1.This figure shows both the silicon structures of these elements and their graphical symbolic representation as would be seen in a circuit diagram. The BJT shown is an NPN transistor, because it is composed of a sandwich of N-P-N doped silicon. When a small current is injected into the base terminal, a larger current is enabled to flow from the collector to the emitter.The FET shown is an N-channel FET, which is composed of two N-type regions separated by a P-type substrate. When a voltage is applied to the insulated gate terminal, a current is enabled to flow from the drain to the source. It is called N-channel, because the gate voltage induces an N-channel within the substrate, enabling current to flow between the N-regions.Another basic semiconductor structure is a diode, which is formed simply by a junction of N-type and P-type silicon. Diodes act like one-way valves by conducting current only from P to N. Special diodes can be created that emit light when a voltage is applied. Appropriately enough, these components are called light emitting diodes, or LEDs. These small lights are manufactured by the millions and are found in diverse applications from telephones to traffic lights.The resulting small chip of semiconductor material on which a transistor or diode is fabricated can be encased in a small plastic package for protection against damage and contamination from the outside world.Small wires are connected within this package between the semiconductor sandwich and pins that protrude from the package to make electrical contact with other parts of the intended circuit. Once you have several discrete transistors, digital logic can be built by directly wiring these components together. The circuit will function, but any substantial amount of digital logic will be very bulky, because several transistors are required to implement each of the various types of logic gates.At the time of the invention of the transistor in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the only way to assemble multiple transistors into a single circuit was to buy separate discrete transistors and wire them together. In 1959, Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce independently invented a means of fabricating multiple transistors on a single slab of semiconductor material. Their invention would come to be known as the integrated circuit, or IC, which is the foundation of our modern computerized world. An IC is so called because it integrates multiple transistors and diodes onto the same small semiconductor chip. Instead of having to solder individual wires between discrete components, an IC contains many small components that are already wired together in the desired topology to form a circuit.A typical IC, without its plastic or ceramic package, is a square or rectangular silicon die measuring from 2 to 15 mm on an edge. Depending on the level of technology used to manufacture the IC, there may be anywhere from a dozen to tens of millions of individual transistors on this small chip. This amazing density of electronic components indicates that the transistors and the wires that connect them are extremely small in size. Dimensions on an IC are measured in units of micrometers, with one micrometer (1mm) being one millionth of a meter. To serve as a reference point, a human hair is roughly 100mm in diameter. Some modern ICs contain components and wires that are measured in increments as small as 0.1mm! Each year, researchers and engineers have been finding new ways to steadily reduce these feature sizes to pack more transistors into the same silicon area, as indicated in Figure 2.2.When an IC is designed and fabricated, it generally follows one of two main transistor technologies: bipolar or metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS). Bipolar processes create BJTs, whereas MOS processes create FETs. Bipolar logic was more common before the 1980s, but MOS technologies have since accounted the great majority of digital logic ICs. N-channel FETs are fabricated in an NMOS process, and P-channel FETs are fabricated in a PMOS process. In the 1980s, complementary-MOS, or CMOS, became the dominant process technology and remains so to this day. CMOS ICsincorporate both NMOS and PMOS transistors.Application Specific Integrated CircuitAn application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use. For example, a chip designed solely to run a cell phone is an ASIC. In contrast, the 7400 series and 4000 series integrated circuits are logic building blocks that can be wired together for use in many different applications.As feature sizes have shrunk and design tools improved over the years, the maximum complexity (and hence functionality) possible in an ASIC has grown from 5,000 gates to over 100 million.Modern ASICs often include entire 32-bit processors, memory blocks including ROM, RAM, EEPROM, Flash and other large building blocks. Such an ASIC is often termed a SoC (System-on-Chip). Designers of digital ASICs use a hardware description language (HDL), such as Verilog or VHDL, to describe the functionality of ASICs.Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are the modern day equivalent of 7400 series logic and a breadboard, containing programmable logic blocks and programmable interconnects that allow the same FPGA to be used in many different applications. For smaller designs and/or lower production volumes, FPGAs may be more cost effective than an ASIC design. The non-recurring engineering cost (the cost to setup the factory to produce a particular ASIC) can run into hundreds of thousands of dollars.The general term application specific integrated circuit includes FPGAs, but most designers use ASIC only for non-field programmable devices and make a distinction between ASIC and FPGAs.HistoryThe initial ASICs used gate array technology. Ferranti produced perhaps the first gate-array, the ULA (Uncommitted Logic Array), around 1980. Customization occurred by varying the metal interconnect mask. ULAs had complexities of up to a few thousand gates. Later versions became more generalized, with different base dies customized by both metal and polysilicon layers. Some base dies include RAM elements.Standard cell designIn the mid 1980s a designer would choose an ASIC manufacturer and implement their design using the design tools available from the manufacturer. While third party design tools were available, there was not an effective link from the third party design tools to the layout and actual semiconductor process performance characteristics of the various ASIC manufacturers.Most designers ended up using factory specific tools to complete the implementation of their designs. A solution to thisproblem that also yielded a much higher density device was the implementation of Standard Cells. Every ASIC manufacturer could create functional blocks with known electrical characteristics, such as propagation delay, capacitance and inductance; that could also be represented in third party tools.Standard cell design is the utilization of these functional blocks to achieve very high gate density and good electrical performance. Standard cell design fits between Gate Array and Full Custom design in terms of both its NRE (Non-Recurring Engineering) and recurring component cost.By the late 1980s, logic synthesis tools, such as Design Compiler, became available. Such tools could compile HDL descriptions into a gate-level netlist. This enabled a style of design called standard-cell design. Standard-cell Integrated Circuits (ICs) are designed in the following conceptual stages, although these stages overlap significantly in practice.These steps, implemented with a level of skill common in the industry, almost always produce a final device that correctly implements the original design, unless flaws are later introduced by the physical fabrication process.A team of design engineers starts with a non-formal understanding of the required functions for a new ASIC, usually derived from requirements analysis.*The design team constructs a description of an ASIC to achieve these goals using an HDL. This process is analogous to writing a computer program in a high-level language. This is usually called the RTL (register transfer level) design.*Suitability for purpose is verified by simulation. A virtual system created in software, using a tool such as Virtutech’s Simics, can simulate the performance of ASICs at speeds up to billions of simulated instructions per second.*A logic synthesis tool, such as Design Compiler, transforms the RTL design into a large collection of lower-level constructs called standard cells. These constructs are taken from a standard-cell library consisting of pre-characterized collections of gates such as 2 input nor, 2 input nand, inverters, etc.The standard cells are typically specific to the planned manufacturer of the ASIC. The resulting collection of standard cells, plus the needed electrical connections between them, is called a gate-level netlist.*The gate-level netlist is next processed by a placement tool which places the standard cells onto a region representing the final ASIC. It attempts to find a placement of the standard cells, subject to a variety of specified constraints. Sometimes advanced techniques such as simulated annealing are used to optimize placement.*The routing tool takes the physical placement of the standard cells and uses the netlist to create the electrical connections between them. Since the search space is large, this process will produce a “sufficient” rather than “globally-optimal” solution. The output is a set of photomasks enabling semiconductor fabrication to produce physical ICs.*Close estimates of final delays, parasitic resistances and capacitances, and power consumptions can then be made. In the case of a digital circuit, this will be further mapped into delay information. These estimates are used in a final round of testing. This testing demonstrates that the device will function correctly over all extremes of the process, voltage and temperature. When this testing is complete the photomask information is released for chip fabrication.These design steps (or flow) are also common to standard product design. The significant difference is that Standard Cell design uses the manufacturer’s cell libraries tha t have been used in hundreds of other design implementations and therefore are of much lower risk than full custom design.Gate array designGate array design is a manufacturing method in which the diffused layers, i.e. transistors and other active devices, are predefined and wafers containing such devices are held in stock prior to metallization, in other words, unconnected.The physical design process then defines the interconnections of the final device. It is important to the designer that minimal propagation delays can be achieved in ASICs versus the FPGA solutions available in the marketplace. Gate array ASIC is a compromise as mapping a given design onto what a manufacturer held as a stock wafer never gives 100% utilization.Pure, logic-only gate array design is rarely implemented by circuit designers today, replaced almost entirely by field programmable devices such as FPGAs, which can be programmed by the user and thus offer minimal tooling charges, marginally increased piece part cost and comparable performance.Today gate arrays are evolving into structured ASICs that consist of a large IP core like a processor, DSP unit, peripherals, standard interfaces, integrated memories SRAM, and a block of reconfigurable uncommitted logic.This shift is largely because ASIC devices are capable of integrating such large blocks of system functionality and “system on a chip” requires far more than just logic blocks.Full-custom designThe benefits of full-custom design usually include reduced area, performance improvements and also the ability to integrate analogcomponents and other pre-designed components such as microprocessor cores that form a System-on-Chip. The disadvantages can include increased manufacturing and design time, increased non-recurring engineering costs, more complexity in the CAD system and a much higher skill requirement on the part of the design team.However for digital only designs, “standard-cell” libraries together with modern CAD systems can offer considerable performance/cost benefits with low risk. Automated layout tools are quick and easy to use and also offer the possibility to manually optimize any performance limiting aspect of the design.Structured designStructured ASIC design is an ambiguous expression, with different meanings in different contexts. This is a relatively new term in the industry, which is why there is some variation in its definition. However, the basic premise of a structured ASIC is that both manufacturing cycle time and design cycle time are reduced compared to cell-based ASIC by virtue of there being pre-defined metal layers and pre-characterization of what is on the silicon.One definition states that, in a structured ASIC design, the logic mask-layers of a device are predefined by the ASIC vendor (or in some cases by a third party). Structured ASIC technology is seen as bridging the gap between field-programmable gate arrays and “standard-cell” ASIC designs.What makes a structured ASIC different from a gate array is that in a gate array the predefined metal layers serve to make manufacturing turnaround faster. In a structured ASIC the predefined metallization is primarily to reduce cost of the mask sets and is also used to make the design cycle time significantly shorter as well.Likewise, the design tools used for structured ASIC can substantially lower cost, and are easier to use than cell-based tools, because the tools do not have to perform all the functions that cell-based tools do.One other important aspect about structured ASIC is that it allows IP that i s common to certain applications to be “built in”, rather than “designed in”. By building the IP directly into the architecture the designer can again save both time and money compared to designing IP into a cell-based ASIC.中文翻译：集成电路集成电路数字逻辑和电子电路由称为晶体管的电子开关得到它们的（各种）功能。
电子信息工程专业英语词汇
n.晶体管n.二极管n 半导体resistor n 电阻器capacitor n 电容器alter nati ng adj 交互的amplifier n 扩音器，放大器in tegrated circuit 集成电路lin ear time inv aria nt systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压，伏特数tolera nee n 公差；宽容；容忍conden ser n 电容器；冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromag netic adj 电磁的deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差lin ear device 线性器件in tegrated circuits 集成电路an alog n 模拟digital adj 数字的，数位的horiz on tal adj, 水平的，地平线的vertical adj 垂直的，顶点的amplitude n 振幅，广阔，丰富atte nu ati on 衰减；变薄；稀薄化multimeter 万用表freque ney 频率，周率the cathode-ray tube dual-trace oscilloscope 阴极射线管双踪示波器sig nal gen erati ng device 信号发生器peak-to-peak output voltage 输岀电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波trian gle wave 三角波square wave 方波amplifier 放大器，扩音器oscillator 振荡器feedback 反馈，回应phase 相，阶段，状态filter 滤波器，过滤器rectifier 整流器；纠正者1ban d-stop filter 带阻滤波器ban d-pass filter 带通滤波器decimal adj 十进制的，小数的hexadecimal adj/n 十六进制的bin ary adj 二进制的；二元的1 octal adj 八进制的domai n n 域；领域code n代码，密码，编码v编码the Fourier tra nsform 傅里叶变换Fast Fourier Transform快速傅里叶变换microc on troller n 微处理器；微控制器beam n （光线的）束，柱，梁polarize v （使）偏振，（使）极化fuzzy adj模糊的|Artificial In tellige nee Shell 人工智能外壳程序Expert Systems 专家系统Artificial In tellige nee 人工智能Perceptive Systems 感知系统neural network 神经网络fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑in tellige nt age nt 智能代理electromag netic adj 电磁的coaxial adj同轴的，共轴的microwave n 微波charge v充电，使充电two-dime nsio nal 二维的；缺乏深度的three-dime nsio nal 三维的；立体的；真实的object-orie nted programm ing 面向对象的程序设计spectral adj 光谱的attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀释distortion n失真，扭曲，变形wavelength n 波长refractive adj 折射的ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer ModeADSL 非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digital subscriberlineVDSL 甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digitalsubscriber lineHDSL 高速数据用户线high rate digital subscriber lineFDMA 频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access)TDMA 时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access) CDMA 同步码分多址方式(Code Division Multiple Access)WCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统(WidebandCodeDivisio n Multiple Access)TD-SCDMA(Time Divisio n Sy nchro nous Code Divisio nMultiple Access)时分同步码分多址SDLC(sy nchro nous data link con trol) 同步数据链路控制HDLC(high-level data link con trol) 高级数据链路控制IP/TCP(i nter net protocol /tra nsfer Co ntrol Protocol)网络传输控制协议ITU (I nternatio nal Telecomm un icati on Union) 国际电彳言联盟ISO 国际标准化组织(In ter natio nal Sta ndardizatio nOrganization );OSI开放式系统互联参考模型(Open SystemIn terc onn ect )GSM 全球移动通信系统( Global System for Mobile Communi cati ons )GPRS 通用分组无线业务(Gen eral Packet Radio Service)FDD(freque ncy divisi on duplex) 频分双工TDD(time divisi on duplex) 时分双工VPI 虚路径标识符(Virtual Path Identifier )；ISDN ( Integrated Services Digital Network )综合业务数字网IDN 综合数字网(integrated digital network )HDTV (high defi ni tion televisi on) 高清晰度电视DCT(Discrete Cos ine Tra nsform) 离散余弦变换VCI(virtual circuit address) 虚通路标识MAN 城域网Metropolitan area networks LAN 局域网localarea network WAN 广域网wide area network 同步时分复统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time Divisio nMultiplexi ng 单工传输simplex transmission 半双工传输half-duplex tran smissi on 全双工传输full-duplex tra nsmissi on 交换矩阵Switching Matrix 电路交换circuit switchi ng 分组交换packet switching扌报文交换message switching 奇偶校验paritychecking 循环冗余校验CRC Cyclic Redu nda ncyCheck 虚过滤Virtual filter 数字滤波digital filtering伪随机比特Quasi Ra ndom Bit 带宽分配Bandwidth allocatio n信源information source 信宿destination 数字化digitalize 数字传输技术Digital tra nsmissio n techno logy 灰度图像Grey scale images 灰度级Greyscale level 幅度谱Magnitude spectrum 相位谱Phase spectrum 频谱frequency spectrum 智能设备Smart Device 软切换Soft handover 硬切换HardHa ndover 相干检测Cohere nt detecti on 边缘检测Edge detection 冲突检测collision detection 业务集合service integration 业务分离/综合serviceseparation/ integration 网络集合networkintegration 环形网Ring networks 令牌环网TokenRing network 网络终端Network Terminal 用户终端user terminal 用户电路line circuit 电路利用率channel utilization (通道利用率)相关性cohere nee 相干解调cohere nt demodulation 数字图像压缩digital image compressi on 图像编码image encoding 有损/无损压缩lossy/losslesscompression 解压decompression 呼叫控制CallControl 误差控制error eontrol 存储程序控制storedprogram eon trol 存储转发方式store-a nd-forwardmanner 语音视频传输voice\video transmission 视频点播video-on-demand(VOD) 会议电视VideoCon fere nee 有线电视cable television 量化quantization 吞吐量throughput 话务量traffic 多径分集Multipath diversity 多媒体通信MDM MultimediaCommu nicatio n 多址干扰Multiple AccessInterferenee 人机交互man machi ne in terface 交互式会话Conv ersati onal in teracti on 路由算法Routing Algorithm 目标识另U Object recognition 话音变换Voice transform 中继线trunkline 传输时延transmission delay 远程监控remote monitoring 光链路optical link 拓扑结构Topology 均方根rootmean square whatsoever=whatever 0switchboard (电话)交换台bipolar (电子)双极的tran sistor diode semic on ductoranode n 阳极，正极cathoden 阴极|breakdow n n 故障；崩溃terminal n 终点站；终端，接线端emitter n 发射器collect v 收集，集聚，集中oscilloscope 示波镜；示波器gain 增益，放大倍数forward biased 正向偏置reverse biased 反向偏置P-N junction PN 结MOS( metal-oxide semiconductor ) 金属氧化物半导体enhan ceme nt and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型chip n 芯片，碎片modular adj 模块化的；模数的sensor n 传感器plug vt 堵，塞，插上n塞子，插头，插销coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的fiber n 光纤relay eon tact 继电接触器sin gle in structi on programmer 单指令编程器dedicated manu factures programm ing unit 专供制造厂用的编程单元in sulator n绝缘体，绝缘物noneon ductive adj非导体的，绝缘的antenna n天线；触角modeli ng n 建模，造型simulati on n仿真；模拟prototype n 原型array n排队，编队vector n 向量，矢量wavelet n微波，小浪sine 正弦cosine 余弦inv erse adj 倒转的，反转的n反面；相反v倒转high-performa nee 高精确性，高性能the in sulati on resista nee 绝缘电阻assembly lan guage in structi ons n 汇编语言指令premise （复）房屋，前提cursor （计算机尺的）游标，指导的elapse （时间）经过，消失vaporize （使）蒸发subsystem （系统的）分部，子系统，辅助系统metallic （像）金属的，含金属的，（声音）刺耳的dispatch （迅速）派遣，急件consen sus （意见）一致，同意deadli ne （最后）期限，截止时间tomographic X线体层摄像的alas 唉，哎呀cluster把…集成一束，一组，一簇，一串，一群en cyclopedia 百科全书millio nfold 百万倍的semic on ductor 半导体radius半径范围，半径，径向射线half-duplex tra nsmissi on 半双工传输accompa nime nt 伴随物，附属物reservati on 保留，预定quotatio n 报价单，行情报告，引语memora ndum 备忘录red undancy 备用be viewed as 被看作…be regards as 被认为是as such 本身；照此；以这种资格textual本文的，正文的verge 边界variati on 变化，变量conv ersi on 变化，转化ide ntity 标识；标志criterio n 标准，准则in parallel o n 并联到，合并到juxtapose 并置，并歹卩dial ing pulse 拨号脉冲wave-guide 波导wavele ngth divisi on multiplexed 波分复用baud rate 波特率playback 播放（录音带，唱片）no greater tha n 不大于update不断改进，使…适合新的要求，更新asymmetric 不对称的irrespective 不考虑的，不顾的in evitably 不可避免的in evitable 不可避免的，不可逃避的，必定的segme nt 部分abrasion 擦伤，磨损deploy采用，利用，推广应用take the form of 采用…的形式parameter 参数，参量layer 层dope 掺杂FET（field effect tra nsistors）场效应管audio recordi ng 卩昌片ultra-high-freque ncy（UHF）超高频in excess of 超过in excess of 超过hypertext 超文本in gredie nt 成分，因素in gredie nt 成分，组成部分，要素metropolita n-area n etwork（WAN）城域网metropolitan area network（WAN）城域网，城市网络con gestio n 充满，拥挤，阻塞collisio n 冲突extractive 抽岀；释放岀extract抽取，取岀，分离lease 出租，租约，租界期限，租界物pass on 传递，切换tran smissi on 传输facsimile 传真inno vative二inno vatory 仓新的，富有革新精神的track 磁道impetus 促进，激励cluster 簇stored-program con trol(SPC) 存储程序控制a large nu mber of 大量的peal 大声响，发岀supersede 代替suppla nt 代替，取代out-of-ba nd sig nali ng 带外信号simplex tran smissi on 单工传输con ductor 导体等级制度，层次底层结构，基础结构地理的，地区的地理上GIS(grou nd in strume ntation system) 地面测量系统gro und stati on 地面站earth orbit 地球轨道Lan d-sat 地球资源卫星rug 地毯，毯子ignite 点火，点燃，使兴奋electromag netic 电磁的in ductive 电感arc 电弧teleph ony 电话（学），通话dielectric 电介质，绝缘材料；电解质的，绝缘的capacitor 电容telecomm uni catio n 电信，无线电通讯sce nario 电影剧本，方案modem pool 调制解调器（存储）池superimpos ing 叠加，重叠pin 钉住，扣住，抓住customize 定做，定制mono lithic 独立的，完全统一的alumi nize 镀铝strategic 对全局有重要意义的，战略的substa ntial 多的，大的，实际上的multi-path fadi ng 多径衰落multi-path 多路，多途径；多路的，多途径的multi-access 多路存取，多路进入multiplex 多路复用multiplex 多路复用的degradation 恶化，降级dioxide 二氧化碳LED（light-emitti ng-diode）发光二极管evolution 发展，展开，渐进feedback 反馈，回授dime nsion 范围，方向，维，元sce nario 方案sce nario 方案，电影剧本amplifer 放大器nonin vasive 非侵略的，非侵害的tariff 费率，关税率；对…征税distributed fun ctio nal pla ne（DFP）分布功能平面DQDB（distributed queue dual bus）分布式队列双总线hierarchy 分层，层次partiti on 分成segme ntati on 分割in terface 分界面，接口asu nder 分开地，分离地detached 分离的，分开的，孤立的dispe nse 分配allocate 分配，配给；配给物cen tigrade 分为百度的，百分度的，摄氏温度的fractal 分形molecule 分子，微小，些微cellular蜂窝状的cellular蜂窝状的，格形的，多孔的auxiliary storage(also called sec on dary storage) 辅助存储器decay 腐烂，衰减，衰退n egative 负电vicinity附近，邻近vicinity附近地区，近处sophisticated 复杂的，高级的，现代化的high-freque ncy(HF) 高频high defi ni tion televisi on 高清晰度电视铬给…作注解根据，按照公布，企业决算公开公用网功能，功能度汞共鸣器共振古怪的，反复无常的管理，经营cursor光标（显示器），游标，指针opticalcomputer 光计算机photoco nductor 光敏电阻optical disks 光盘optically光学地，光地wide-area n etworks 广域网specification规范，说明书silicon 硅the in ter nati onal telecomm un icatio n union(ITU)际电信联盟excess过剩obsolete 过时的，废弃的maritime 海事的syn thetic 合成的，人造的，综合的syn thetic 合成的，综合性的rati onal 合乎理性的rati on alizati on 合理化streamli ne 合理化，理顺in frared 红夕卜线的，红外线skepticism 怀疑论ring n etwork 环形网hybrid混合物coun terpart 伙伴，副本，对应物electromecha nical 机电的，电动机械的Robot机器人Robotics 机器人技术，机器人学accumulati on 积累in frastructure 基础，基础结构substrate 基质，底质upheaval 激变，剧变compact disc 激光磁盘（CD）concen trator 集中器，集线器cen trex system 集中式用户交换功能系统conv erge on 集中于，聚集在…上lumped eleme nt 集总元件CAI(computer-aided in structio n) 计算机辅助教学computer-i ntegrated manu facturi ng(CIM) 计算机集成制造computer mediated comm un icatio n( CMC) 介通信record 记录register expedite weight 力口权acceleratecategorize in additi on hypothetical rigidly兼容性，相容性监视监视mono chromatic 单色的，单色光的，黑白的ballistic 弹道的，射击的，冲击的hierarchy infrastructuregeographicgeographicallyextraterrestrial 地球外的，地球大气圈外的chromiumanno tate interms ofdisclosurepublic n etworkfun cti on alitymercury res onator resonancewhimsicaladmi nistration计算机中记录器，寄存器加快，促进加速，加快，促进加以类别，分类加之，又，另外假设的坚硬的，僵硬的compatibilitysurveilla neesurveilla neeretrieval 检索，(可)补救 verificati on 检验 simplicity 简单，简明film胶片，薄膜 take over 接管，接任 rugged ness 结实threshold 界限，临界值 with the aid of 借助于，用，通过 wire line 金属线路，有线线路 cohere nt 紧凑的，表达清楚的，粘附的，相干的 compact 紧密的 approximati on 近似 un dertake 进行，从事 tran sistor 晶体管 elaborate 精心制作的，细心完成的，周密安排的 vigilant 警戒的，警惕的 alcohol 酒精，酒 local area n etworks(LANs) 局域网 local-area n etworks(LANs) 局域网 drama 剧本，戏剧，戏剧的演岀 focus on聚集在，集中于，注视in sulator 绝缘 root mean square 均方根 un iform 均匀的 ope n-system-i nterc onn ectio n(OSI) 开放系统互连 expire 开始无效，满期，终止 immu nity 抗扰，免除，免疫性 take …into account 考虑，重视… programmable in dustrial automati on 可编程工业自动化demo un table tun ablereliable 可靠 be likely tovideotex video n egligible可拆卸的可调的 可能，大约，像要 可视图文电视 可以忽略的deviate 偏离，与…不同 spectrum 频谱 come into play 其作用 en trepre neurial 企业的 heuristic methods启发式方法 play a •••role(part) 起…作用stem from 起源于；由…发生organic 器官的，有机的，组织的 hypothesis前提 fron t-e nd 前置，前级 pote ntial 潜势的，潜力的 inten sity 强度coin cide nee 巧合，吻合，一致scalpel 轻便小刀，解剖刀 inven tory 清单，报表spherical 球的，球形的 disti nguish 区别，辨别 succumb屈服，屈从，死global fun ctio nal pla ne(GFP) 全局功能平面 full-duplex tra nsmissi on 全双工传输hologram 全息照相，全息图 deficie ncy缺乏therm onu clear 热 核的 artifact 人工制品 AI(artificial in tellige nee)人工智能fusion 熔解，熔化 diskettes(also called floppy disk)软盘sector 扇区 en tropy 熵upli nk 上行链路 arsenic 砷simulta neous 同时发生的，同时做的 simulta neous 同时发生的，一齐的 coaxial 同轴的 copper 铜 statistical 统计的，统计学的 domin ate 统治，支配 in vest in 投资perspective 透视，角度，远景 graphics 图示，图解 pictorial图像的coat ing 涂层，层 deduce 推理reas oning strategies 推理策略 inference engine 推理机topology 拓扑结构 heterod yne 夕卜差法的peripheral 夕卜界的，外部的，周围的 gateway 网关 hazardous 危险的 microwave 微波(的)microprocessor 微处理机，微处理器 microelectro nic微电子nua nee 微小的差别(色彩等) en compass围绕，包围，造成，设法做到mai nte nance 维护；保持；维修satellite comm uni cati on 卫星通彳言 satellite network 卫星网络 tran sceiver无线电收发信机radio-relay tra nsmissi on 无线电中继传输without any doubt 无疑passive satellite无源卫星n eural n etwork神经网络very-high-freque ncy(VHF) 甚高频 sparse 稀少的， dow nli nk aerial 空气的，空中的，无形的，虚幻的；天线broadba nd 宽(频)带pervasive扩大的，渗透的 tensile 拉力的，张力的roma nticism 浪漫精神，浪漫主义discrete 离散，不连续 ion 离子 force 力量；力 stereoph onic 立体声的 contin uum 连续统一体，连续统，闭联集 smart 灵巧的；精明的；洒脱的 toke n 令牌on the other hand另一方面 hexago nal 六边形的，六角形的 hexag on 六角形，六边形 mon opoly 垄断，专禾U video-clip 录像剪辑 alumi num 铝pebble 卵石，水晶透镜 forum 论坛，讨论会logical relati on ships 逻辑关系 code book 码本pulse code modulatio n(PCM) 脉冲编码调制 roam 漫步，漫游bps(bits per sec on d) 每秒钟传输的比特 ZIP codes美国邮区划分的五位编码susceptible(to) 敏感的，易受…的 analog 模拟，模拟量patter n recog niti on 模式识另 U bibliographic 目录的，文献的 n eodymium 钕the europea n telecomm uni cati on sta ndardizati on in stitute(ETSI) 欧洲电信标准局coordi nate配合的，协调的；使配合，调整ratify 批准，认可 bias 偏差；偏置 upgrade distortio n iden tification 升级失真，畸变 识别，鉴定，验明precursor visualizati on pragmatic 实际的 impleme ntation 实施，实现，执行，敷设en tity 实体，存在 vector qua ntificati on 矢量量化mislead 使…误解，给…错误印象，引错vex使烦恼，使恼火defy 使落空 facilitate 使容易，促进 reti na 视网膜 compatible 适合的，兼容的tra nsceiver 收发两用机 authorize 授权，委托，允许 data security数据安全性data in depe ndence 数据独立 data man ageme nt 数据管理 database数据库database man ageme nt system(DBMS) 理信息系统database tran sacti on 数据库事务 data in tegrity 数据完整性，数据一致性 atte nu ati on衰减fadi ng 衰落，衰减，消失 dual 双的，二重的 tra nsie nt瞬时的determi ni stic 宿命的，确定的 algorithm 算法 dissipatio n 损耗carbon 碳 diabetes 糖尿病cumbersome 讨厌的，麻烦的，笨重的 razor 剃刀，剃 go by the name of通称，普通叫做commucati on sessi on 通信会话 traffic 通信业务(量) syn chr onous tra nsmissi on 同步传输con curre nt同时发生的，共存的数据库管feasibility lin earity con strain considerablegeo-stati onaryby con trast coorelati on mutual 相互的 稀疏的 下行链路 先驱，前任 显像现实性，可行性 线性度限制，约束，制约 相当的，重要的 相对地面静止 相反，而，对比起来 相关性相互的，共同的 相互连接，互连one after the other 相继，依次小型计算机 协议，草案 协议，规约，规程心理(精神)听觉的；传音的 通信信道选择行程编码mutually in terc onn ectmini computer protocolprotocol psycho-acoustic cha nn elizati on 信道化， run len gth en coding groom 修饰，准备虚拟许多， virtual ISDN multitude ISDN大批，大量whirl 旋转 prefere nee avalanche pursue 寻求， interrogation dumb 哑的， subcategory喜欢 选择， 雪崩从事 询问不说话的，无声的亚类，子种类，子范畴orbital 眼眶；轨道oxygen 氧气，氧元素service switchi ng and con trol poin ts(SSCPs) 控制点service con trol poi nts(SCPs) 业务控制点service con trol fun ctio n(SCF) 业务控制功能in con cert 一致，一齐 han dover移交，越区切换 at a rate of以 .... 的速率in the form of 以…的形式业务交换base on…以…为基础yttrium钇（稀有金属，符号Y）asyn chr onous tra nsmissi on 异步传输asyn chr onous 异步的exceptio nal 异常的，特殊的voice-grade 音频级indium 铟give rise to 引起，使产生cryptic隐义的，秘密的hard disk 硬盘hard automati on 硬自动化by means of 用，依靠equip with 用…装备subscriber 用户telex 用户电报PBX（private branch excha nge）用户小交换机或专用交换机be called upon to 用来…，（被）要求…superiority 优势predom inance 优势，显著active satellite 有源卫星in comparis on with 与…比较comparable to 与…可比prelim in ary 预备的，初步的prem on iti on 预感，预兆nu cleus 原子核vale nee 原子价circumfere nee 圆周，周围teleprocessi ng 远程信息处理，遥控处理perspective 远景，前途con strain 约束，强迫mobile运动的，流动的，机动的，装在车上的convey运输，传递，转换impurity 杂质impurity 杂质，混杂物，不洁，不纯rege nerative 再生的improve over 在 ....... 基础上改善play importa nt role in 在…中起重要作用in close proximity 在附近，在很近un derly ing 在下的，基础的in this respect 在这方面en tail遭遇，导致prese ntation 赠与，图像，呈现，演示n arrowba nd 窄（频）带deploy展开，使用，推广应用megabit 兆比特germa nium 锗positive 正电quadrature 正交orthog onal 正交的quadrature amplitude modulatio n（QAM）正交幅度调制on the right track 正在轨道上sustain支撑，撑住，维持，持续outgrowh 支派；长岀；副产品domin ate 支配，统治kno wledge represe ntati on 矢口识表示kno wledge engin eeri ng 矢口识工程kno wledge base 矢口识库in diameter 直径helicopter 直升飞机acro nym 只取首字母的缩写词as long as 只要，如果tutorial指导教师的，指导的coin 制造(新字符)，杜撰fabricatio n 制造，装配；捏造事实proton 质子in tellige nce 智能，智力，信息in tellige nt n etwork 智能网in termediate 中间的nu cleus(pl. nu clei) 中心，核心n eutr ons 中子termi nal 终端，终端设备overlay重叠，覆盖，涂覆highlight 重要的部分，焦点charge主管，看管；承载domi nant 主要的，控制的，最有力的cyli nder 柱面expert system 专家系统private network 专用网络tra nsiti on 转变，转换，跃迁relay 转播relay 转播，中继repeater 转发器，中继器pursue追赶，追踪，追求，继续desktop publish 桌面岀版ultraviolet 紫外线的，紫外的；紫外线辐射field 字段vendor自动售货机，厂商n aturally 自然的；天生具备的syn thesize 综合，合成in tegrate 综合，使完全ISDN（i ntergrated services digital n etwork）综合业务数字网as a whole 总体上bus network 总线形网crossbar 纵横，交叉impeda nce 阻抗ini tial 最初的，开始的optimum 最佳条件appear as 作为…岀现A An alog 模拟A/D An alog to Digital 模-数转换AAC Adva need Audio Codi ng 高级音频编码ABB Automatic Black Bala nce 自动黑平衡ABC American Broadcast ing Compa ny 美国广播公司Automatic Bass Compe nsati on 自动低音补偿Automatic Bright ness Con trol 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平ABLC Automatic Bright ness Limiter Circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asia n Broadcast ing Un io n 亚洲广播联盟（亚广联ABS American Bureau of Sta ndard 美国标准局AC Access Con ditio ns 接入条件Audio Cen ter 音频中心ACA Adjace nt Cha nnel Atte nuati on 邻频道衰减ACC Automatic Ce nteri ng Co ntrol 自动中心控制Automatic Chroma Control 自动色度（增益ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法ACS Access Co ntrol SystemAdva need Comm uni cati on Service 高级通信业务Area Comm uni cati on System区域通信系统ADC An alog to Digital Con verter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Li ne 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasi ng 音频（声音AEF Automatic Editi ng Fun ction 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engin eeri ng Society 音频工程协会AF AudioFreque ncy 音频AFA Audio Freque ncy Amplifier 音频放大器AFC Automatic Freque ncy Coder 音频编码器Automatic Freque ncy Co ntrol 自动频率控制AFT Automatic Fi ne Tuning 自动微调Automatic Freque ncy Track 自动频率跟踪Automatic Freque ncy Trim 自动额率微调AGC Automatic Ga in Con trol 自动增益控制AI ArtificialIn tellige nce 人工智能ALM Audio-Level Meter 音频电平表AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅AMS Automatic Music Se nsor置ANC Automatic Noise Ca nceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTe nna 天线AO An alog Output 模拟输岀APS Automatic Program Search 自动节目搜索APPS Automatic Program Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS Automatic Program Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Respo nse 音频响应ARC Automatic Remote Con trol 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for InformationIn tercha nge 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Sca nning Tracki ng 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timi ng Co ntrol 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correcti on 自动音频校正ATM Asy nchro nous Tra nsfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Fi ndi ng 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Adva need Televisio n Systems Committee（美国高级电视制式委员会）***C Automatic Volume Con trol 自动音量控制***R Automatic Voltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic White Bala nee 自动白平衡AZCAutomatic Zoomi ng Con trol 自动变焦控制AZSAutomatic Zero Setti ng 自动调零BA Bra nch Amplifier 分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Bin ary-A nalog Co nversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC British Broadcast ing Corporation 英国广播公司BBI Beiji ng Broadcasti ng In stitute 北京广播学院BC Bin ary Code 二进制码Bala need Curre nt 平衡电流Broadcast Con trol 广播控制BCT Ban dwidth Compressi on Tech nique 带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directio nal Data Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic En codi ng Rules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare Fiber Adapter 裸光纤适配器Brilloui n Fiber Amplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Backgrou nd Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic In put / Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadba nd-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic In formation Un it 基本信息单元Bus In terface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Busi ness Man ageme nt Layer 商务管理层BN Backbo ne Network 主干网BNT Broadba nd Network Termi natio n 宽带网络终端设备BO Bus Out 总线输岀BPG Basic Pulse Gen erator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Ba nd Pitch Shift 分频段变调节器BSI British Sta ndard In stitute 英国标准学会BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务BT Block Term in al 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA Broadba nd Termi nal Adapter 宽带终端适配器Broadcasti ng Tech no logy Associati on （日本BTL Bala need Tran sformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS Broadcast Tech nical Sta ndard 广播技术标接入控制系统自动音乐传感装BTU Basic Tra nsmission Un it 基本传输单元BVU Broadcasting Video Unit 广播视频型（一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式BW Ban dWidth 带宽BWTV Black and White Televisio n 黑白电视CA Co nditio nal Access 条件接收CAC Con ditio nal Access Con trol 条件接收控制CAL Co nti nuity Accept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS Con ditio nal Access System 条件接收系统Co nditio nalAccess Sub-system 条件接收子系统CATV Cable Televisi on 有线电视，电缆电视Commu nity An te nna Televisio n 共用天线电视C*** Con sta nt An gular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Can adia n Broadcasti ng Corporati on 力口拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasti ng System （美国哥伦比亚广播公司CC Concen tric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chi nese Character Gen erator 中文字幕发生器CCIR In ter nati onal Radio Con sultativeCommittee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT In ter nati onal Telegraph and Teleph oneCon sultativeCommittee 国际电话电报咨询委员会CCR Cen tral Co ntrol Room 中心控制室CCTV Chi na Ce ntral Televisio n 中国中央电视台Close-Circuit Televisio n 闭路电视CCS Cen ter Cen tral System 中心控制系统CCU Camera Con trol Un it 摄像机控制器CCW Cou nter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CD Compact Disc 激光唱片CDA Curre nt Dumpi ng Amplifier 电流放大器CD-E Compact Disc Erasable 可抹式激光唱片CDFM Compact Disc File Man ager 光盘文件管理（程序CDPG Compact-Disc Plus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘CETV Chi na Educatio nal Televisio n 中国教育电视台CF Color Frami ng 彩色成帧CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形（显示卡CI Common In terface 通用接口CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形（显示卡CI Common In terface 通用接口CIE Chin ese In stitute of ElectronicsCII China Information Infrastructure础设施CIF Comm on In termediate FormatCIS Chin ese In dustrial Sta ndardCLV Con sta nt Lin ear Velocity 恒定线速度CM Colour Mon itor 彩色监视器CMTS Cable Modem Termi nation System 线缆调制解调器终端系统CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CON Co nsole 操纵台Con troller 控制器CPB Corporation of Public Broadcasti ng （美国公共广播公司CPU Central Processi ng Un it 中央处理单元CRC Cyclic Redu nda ncy Check 循环冗余校验CRCC CRI Cyclic Redu ndan cy Check Code 循环冗余校验码CROM Chi na Radio In ter natio nal 中国国际广播电台CRT Con trol Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器CS Cathode-Ray Tube 阴极射线管CSC Commu nication Satellite 通信卫星CSS Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波Cen ter Storage Server 中央存储服务器Con te nt Scrambl ing System 内容加扰系统CSU Cha nnel Service Un it 信道业务单元CT Color Temperature 色温CTC Cassette Tape Co ntroller 盒式磁带控制器Cha nnel Traffic Con trol 通道通信量控制Cou nter Timer Circuit 计数器定时器电路Cou nter Timer Con trol 计数器定时器控制CTE Cable Term in ation Equipme nt 线缆终端设备Customer Term inal Equipme nt 用户终端设备CTV Color Televisi on 彩色电视CVD Chi na Video Disc 中国数字视盘CW Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcast ing 数字音频广播DASH Digital Audio Statio nary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Man ageme nt System 数据库管理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带Dyn amic Co ntrast Co ntrol 动态对比度控制DCT Digital Compo nent Tech nology 数字分量技术Discrete Cosi ne Tra nsform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital Color Televisio n 数字彩色电视DD DirectDrive 直接驱动DDC Direct Digital C on trol 直接数字控制DDE Dy namic Data Excha nge 动态数据交换DDM Data Display Mon itor 数据显示监视器DES Data Eleme ntary Stream 数据基本码流Data En cryption Sta ndard 美国数据加密标准DF Dispersio n Flatte ned 色散平坦光纤DG Differe ntial Gai n 微分增益DI Digital In terface 数字接口DITEC Digital Televisio n Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dyn amic Lin ear Drive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation 增量调制Digital Modulation 数字调制DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasti ng 数字多媒体广播DMC Dyn amic Motio n Co ntrol 动态控制DME Digital Multiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Masteri ng System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gatheri ng 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输岀总线DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service In terfaceSpecificatio ns 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOC Drop Out Compe nsati on 失落补偿DOS Disc Operat ing System 磁盘操作系统DP Differe ntial Phase 微分相位Data Pulse 数据脉冲DPCM Differe ntial Pulse Code Modulation 差值脉冲编码调制DPL Dolby Pro Logic 杜比定向逻辑DSB Digital Satellite Broadcasti ng 数字卫星广播DSC Digital Studio Con trol 数字演播室控制DSD Dolby Surrou nd Digital 杜比数字环绕声DSE Digital Special Effect 数字特技DSK Dow n-Stream Key 下游键DSP Digital Sig nal Process ing 数字信号处理Digital Sou nd Processor 数字声音处理器DSS Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统DT Digital Tech ni que 数字技术Digital Televisio n 数字电视Data Term in al 数据终端Data Tran smissi on 数据传输DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcast ing 数字地面广播DTBC Digital Time-Base Corrector 数字时基校正器DTC Digital Televisio n Camera 数字电视摄像机DTS Digital Theater System 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System 数字调谐系统Digital Televisio n Sta ndard 数字电视标准DVB Digital Video Broadcast ing 数字视频广播DVC Digital Video Compressio n 数字视频压缩DVE Digital Video Effect 数字视频特技DVS Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播DVTR Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Exte nsion Ampl ifier 延长放大器EB Electro n Beam 电子束EBS Emerge ncy Broadcast ing System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcast ing Un io n 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correctio n 误差校正ECN Emerge ncy Comm un icati ons Network 应急通信网络ECS European Comm un icatio n Satellite 欧洲通信卫星EDC Error Detection Code 错误检测码EDE Electro nic Data Excha nge 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit Decisi on List 编辑点清单EDTV Exte nded Defi niti on Televisi on 扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted 允许误差EFM Eight to Fourteen Modulation 8-14 调制EFP Electro nic Field Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ether net Hosts 以太网主机EIN Equivale nt m put Noise 等效输入噪声EIS Electro nic In formation System 电子信息系统EISA Exte nded In dustrial Sta ndard Architecture扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Lum in esce nt 场致发光EM Error Mo nitori ng 误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electro nic News Gatheri ng 电子新闻采集EOT End of Tape 带尾EP Edit Poi nt 编辑点Error Protocol 错误协议EPG Electro nic Program Guides 电子节目指南EPS Emerge ncy Power Supply 应急电源ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效辐射功率ES Eleme ntary Stream 基本码流End System 终端系统ESA European Space Age ncy 欧洲空间局ETV Educati on Televisio n 教育电视FA Enhan ced Televisio n 增强电视FABM FAS Facial An imatio n 面部动画FC Fiber Amp li fier Booster Module 光纤放大器增强模块Fiber Access System 光纤接入系统Freque ncy Chan ger 变频器FCC Fiber Cha nnel 光纤通道FD Film Composer 电影编辑系统Federal Comm un icatio ns Commissio n 美国联邦通信委员会FDCT Freque ncy Divider 分频器FDDI FDM Fiber Duct 光纤管道FDP Forward Discrete Cos ine Tran sform 离散余弦正变换FE Fiber Distributed Data In terface 分布式光纤数据接口Freque ncy-Divisi on Multiplexi ng 频分复用中国电子学会中国信息基通用中间格式中国工业标准。
电子行业英语大全
电子行业英语大全The document was prepared on January 2, 2021品质专业英语大全从事品质工作以来积累的常用英语,希望对有需要的朋友有所帮品质专业英语大全零件材料类的专有名词CPU: central processing unit中央处理器IC: Integrated circuit集成电路Memory IC: Memory Integrated circuit记忆集成电路RAM: Random Access Memory随机存取存储器DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory动态随机存取存储器SRAM: Staic Random Access Memory静态随机存储器ROM: Read-only Memory只读存储器EPROM:Electrical Programmable Read-only Memory电可抹只读存诸器EEPROM: Electrical Erasbale Programmable Read-only Memory电可抹可编程只读存储器CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor互补金属氧化物半导体BIOS: Basic Input Output System基本输入输出系统Transistor：电晶体LED:发光二极体Resistor：电阻Variator：可变电阻Capacitor:电容Capacitor array：排容Diode：二极体Transistor：三极体Transformer：变压器ADPOscillator：频率振荡器0scCrystal：石英振荡器XTAL/OSC:振荡产生器XRelay：延时器Sensor：感应器Bead core：磁珠Filter:滤波器Flat Cable：排线Inductor：电感Buzzer：蜂鸣器Socket：插座Slot：插槽Fuse：熔断器Current：电流表Solder iron：电烙铁Magnifying glass：放大镜Caliper：游标卡尺Driver：螺丝起子Oven：烤箱TFT:液晶显示器Oscilloscope：示波器Connector：连接器PCB:printed circuit board印刷电路板PCBA: printed circuit board assembly电路板成品PP:并行接口HDD:硬盘FDD:软盘PSU:power supply unit电源供应器SPEC:规格Attach:附件Case: 机箱,盖子Cover：上盖Base：下盖Bazel：面板panelBracket：支架,铁片Lable：贴纸Guide：手册Manual：手册,指南Card：网卡Switch：交换机Hub：集线器Router：路由器Sample：样品Gap：间隙Sponge：海绵Pallet：栈板Foam：保利龙Fiber：光纤Disk：磁盘片PROG:程序Barcode：条码System：系统System Barcode：系统条码M/B:mother board：主板CD-ROM:光驱FAN:风扇Cable：线材Audio：音效K/B:Keyboard键盘Mouse：鼠标Riser card：转接卡Card reader：读卡器Screw：螺丝Thermal pad：散热垫Heat sink：散热片Rubber：橡胶垫Rubber foot：脚垫Bag：袋子Washer：垫圈Sleeve：袖套Config：机构Label hi-pot：高压标签Firmware label：烧录标签Metal cover：金属盖子Plastic cover：塑胶盖子Tape for packing：包装带Bar code：条码Tray：托盘Collecto：集线夹Holder：固定器,L铁Connecter：连接器IDE:集成电路设备,智能磁盘设备SCSI:小型计算机系统接口Gasket：导电泡棉AGP:加速图形接口PCI:周边组件扩展接口LAN:局域网USB:通用串形总线架构Slim：小型化COM:串型通讯端口LPT:打印口,并行口Power cord：电源线I/O:输入,输出Speaker：扬声器EPE:泡棉Carton：纸箱Button：按键,按钮Foot stand：脚架部门名称的专有名词QS:Quality system品质系统CS:Coutomer Sevice 客户服务QC:Quality control品质管理IQC:Incoming quality control 进料检验LQC:Line Quality Control生产线品质控制IPQC:In process quality control 制程检验FQC:Final quality control 最终检验OQC:Outgoing quality control 出货检验QA:Quality assurance 品质保证SQA:Sourcesupplier Quality Assurance 供应商品质保证VQA CQA：Customer Quality Assurance客户质量保证PQA rocess Quality Assurance 制程品质保证QE:Quality engineer 品质工程CE:component engineering零件工程EE:equipment engineering设备工程ME:manufacturing engineering制造工程TE:testing engineering测试工程PPE roduct Engineer 产品工程IE:Industrial engineer工业工程ADM: Administration Department行政部RMA:客户退回维修CSDI:检修PC:producing control生管MC:mater control物管GAD: General Affairs Dept总务部A/D: Accountant /Finance Dept会计LAB: Laboratory实验室DOE:实验设计HR:人资PMC:企划RD:研发W/H:仓库SI:客验PD: Product Department生产部PA:采购PUR: Purchaing DeptSMT:Surface mount technology 表面粘着技术MFG:Manufacturing制造MIS:Management information system 资迅管理系统DCC:document control center 文件管制中心厂内作业中的专有名词QT:Quality target品质目标QP:Quality policy目标方针QI:Quality improvement品质改善CRITICAL DEFECT:严重缺点CRMAJOR DEFECT:主要缺点MAMINOR DEFECT:次要缺点MIMAX:Maximum最大值MIN:Minimum最小值DIA iameter直径DIM imension尺寸LCL:Lower control limit管制下限UCL:Upper control limit管制上限EMI:电磁干扰ESD:静电防护EPA:静电保护区域ECN:工程变更ECO:Engineering change order工程改动要求客户ECR:工程变更需求单CPI:Continuous Process Improvement 连续工序改善Compatibility：兼容性Marking：标记DWG rawing图面Standardization：标准化Consensus：一致Code：代码ZD:Zero defect零缺点Tolerance：公差Subject matter：主要事项Auditor：审核员BOM:Bill of material物料清单Rework：重工ID：identification识别,鉴别,证明PILOT RUN: 试投产FAI:首件检查FPIR：First Piece Inspection Report首件检查报告FAA:首件确认SPC：统计制程管制CP: capability index准确度CPK: capability index of process制程能力PMP:制程管理计划生产管制计划MPI:制程分析DAS efects Analysis System缺陷分析系统PPB：十亿分之一Flux：助焊剂P/N:料号L/N：Lot Number批号Version：版本Quantity：数量Valid date：有效日期MIL-STD：Military-Standard军用标准ICT: In Circuit Test 线路测试ATE：Automatic Test Equipment自动测试设备MO: Manafacture Order生产单T/U: Touch Up 锡面修补I/N:手插件P/T:初测F/T: Function Test 功能测试-终测AS 组立P/K:包装TQM:Total quality control全面品质管理MDA:manufacturing defect analysis制程不良分析ICT RUN-IN:老化实验HI-pot：高压测试FMI：Frequency Modulation Inspect高频测试DPPM: Defect Part Per Million不良率的一种表达方式：百万分之一 1000PPM即为% Corrective Action: CAR改善对策ACC：允收REJ:拒收S/S：Sample size抽样检验样本大小SI-SIV：Special I-Special IV特殊抽样水平等级CON：Concession / Waive特采ISO:国际标准化组织ISA：Industry Standard Architecture工业标准体制结构OBA:开箱稽核FIFO:先进先出PDCA:管理循环Plan do check action计划,执行,检查,总结WIP:在制品半成品S/O: Sales Order 业务订单P/O: Purchase Order 采购订单P/R: Purchase Request 请购单AQL:acceptable quality level允收品质水准LQL;Limiting quality level最低品质水准QVL:qualified vendor list合格供应商名册AVL ：认可的供货商清单Approved Vendor List QCD: Quality cost delivery品质,交期,成本MPM:Manufacturing project management制造专案管理KPI:Key performance indicate重要绩效指标MVT:Manufacturing Verification Test制造验证试产Q/R/S：Quality/Reliability/Service质量/可靠度/服务STL:ship to line料到上线NTF:No trouble found误判CIP:capacity improvement plan产能改善计划MRB:material review board物料审核小组MRB:Material reject bill退货单JIT:just in time即时管理5S:seiri seiton seiso seiketsu shitsuke整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,修养SOP:standard operation process标准作业程序SIP:Specification inspection process制程检验规范TOP: Test Operation Process 测试作业流程WI: working instruction作业指导书SMD:surface mounting device表面粘着原件FAR:failure aualysis report故障分析报告CAR:Corrective action report改善报告BPR：企业流程再造 Business Process ReengineeringISAR ：首批样品认可Initial Sample Approval Request-JIT：实时管理 Just In TimeQCC ：品管圈 Quality Control CircleEngineering Department 工程部TQEM: Total Quality Environment Management全面品质环境管理PD: Production Department 制造LOG: Logistics 后勤支持Shipping: 进出口AOQ：Average Output Quality平均出货质量AOQL：Average Output Quality Level平均出货质量水平FMEA：failure model effectiveness analysis失效模式分析CRB: Change Review Board 工程变更会议CSA：Customer Simulate Analysis客户模拟分析SQMS：Supplier Quality Management System供应商品质管理系统QIT: Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组QIP：Quality Improvement Plan品质改善计划CIP：Continual Improvement Plan持续改善计划SCAR: Supplier Corrective Action Report 供货商改善对策报告8D Sheet: 8 Disciplines sheet 8D单PDCA：PDCA Plan-Do-Check-Action 管理循环MPQ: Material Packing Quantity 物料最小包装量DSCN: Delivery Schedule Change Notice 交期变更通知QAPS: Quality Assurance Process Sheet 品质工程表DRP ：运销资源计划 Distribution Resource Planning DSS：决策支持系统 Decision Support SystemEC ：电子商务 Electronic CommerceEDI ：电子资料交换 Electronic Data InterchangeEIS ：主管决策系统 Excutive Information SystemＥＲＰ：企业资源规划 Enterprise Resource Planning FMS ：弹性制造系统 Flexible Manufacture SystemKM ：知识管理 Knowledge Management4L ：逐批订购法 Lot-for-LotLTC ：最小总成本法 Least Total CostLUC ：最小单位成本 Least Unit CostMES ：制造执行系统 Manufacturing Execution System MPS ：主生产排程 Master Production ScheduleMRP ：物料需求规划 Material Requirement Planning MRPⅡ：制造资源计划 Manufacturing Resource Planning OEM ：委托代工 Original Equipment ManufactureODM ：委托设计与制造 Original Design & Manufacture OLAP：线上分析处理 On-Line Analytical Processing OLTP：线上交易处理 On-Line Transaction Processing OPT ：最佳生产技术 Optimized Production Technology PDCA：PDCA管理循环 Plan-Do-Check-ActionPDM：产品数据管理系统 Product Data Management RCCP：粗略产能规划 Rough Cut Capacity PlanningSCM ：供应链管理 Supply Chain ManagementSFC ：现场控制 Shop Floor ControlTOC：限制理论 Theory of ConstraintsTQC ：全面品质管制 Total Quality ControlFYI/R:for your information/reference仅供参考ASAP:尽快S/T:Standard time标准时间TPM:total production maintenance：全面生产保养ESD Wrist strap：静电环IT:information technology信息技术,资讯科学CEO：Chief Executive Officer执行总裁COO：Chief Operaring Officer首席业务总裁SWOT：Strength,Weakness,Opportunity,Threat优势﹐弱点﹐机会﹐威胁Competence：专业能力Communication：有效沟通Cooperation：统御融合Vibration Testing：振动测试IDP：Individual Development Plan个人发展计划MRP：Material Requirement Planning物料需求计划MAT'S：Material材料LRR：Lot Rejeet Rate批退率ATIN：Attention知会3C：Computer ,Communication , Consumer electronic 消费性电子5W1H：When , Where , Who , What , Why , How5M: Man , Machine , Material , Method , Measurement人,机器,材料,方法,测量4MIE: Man,Material,Machine,Method,Environment人力,物力,财务,技术,时间资源7M1I: Manpower , Machine , Material , Method, Market , Management , Money , Information人力, 机器, 材料, 方法, 市场, 管理, 资金, 资讯1 Accuracy 准确度2 Action 行动3 Activity 活动4 Analysis Covariance 协方差分析5 Analysis of Variance 方差分析6 Approved 承认7 Attribute 计数值8 Average 平均数9 Balance sheet 资产负债对照表10 Binomial 二项分配11 Brainstorming Techniques 脑力风暴法12 Cause and Effect Matrix 因果图鱼骨图13 CL:Center Line 中心线14 Check Sheets 检查表15 Complaint 投诉16 Conformity 合格符合17 Control 控制18 Control chart 控制管制图19 Correction 纠正20 Correlation Methods 相关分析法21 CPI: continuouse Process Improvement 连续工序改善22 Cross Tabulation Tables 交叉表23 CS: Customer Sevice 客户服务中心24 DSA: Defects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统25 Data 数据 Description:品名26 DCC: Document Control Center 文控中心27 Decision 决策、判定28 Defects per unit 单位缺点数29 Description 描述30 Device 装置31 Do 执行32 DOE: Design of Experiments 实验设计33 Element 元素34 Engineering recbnology 工程技35 Environmental 环境36 Equipment 设备37 Estimated accumulative frequency 计算估计累计数38 E Equipment Variation 设备变异39 External Failure 外部失效,外部缺陷40 FA: Failure Analysis 失效分析41 Fact control 事实管理42 Fatigue 疲劳43 FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis失效模式与效果分析44 FP First-Pass Yield 第一次通过合格率45 FQA: Final Quality Assurance 最终品质保证46 FQC: Final Quality control 最终品质控制47 Gauge system 测量系统48 Grade 等级49 Histogram 直方图50 Improvement 改善51 Initial review 先期审查52 Inspection 检验53 Internal Failure 内部失效、内部缺陷54 IPQC: In Process Quality Control 制程品质控制55 IQC: Incomming Quality Control 来料品质控制56 IS International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织57 LCL: Lower Control limit 管制下限58 LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制59 LSL: Lower Size Limit 规格下限60 Machine 机械61 Manage 管理62 Materials 物料63 Measurement 测量64 Median 中位数65 MSA: Measurement System Analysis 测量系统分析66 Occurrence 发生率67 Operation Instruction 作业指导书68 Organization 组织69 Parto 柏拉图70 PPM arts per Million 百万分之不良率71 Plan 计划72 Policy 方针73 Population 群体74 PQA: Process Quality Assurance 制程品质保证75 Practice 实务践76 Prevention 预防77 Probability 机率78 Probability density function 机率密度函数79 Procedure 流程80 Process 过程81 Process capability analysis 制程能力分析图82 Process control and Process capability制程管制与制程能力83 Product 产品84 Production 生产85 Projects 项目86 QA: Quality Assurance 品质保证87 QC: Quality Control 品质控制88 QE: Quality Engineering 品质工程89 QFD: Quality Function Desgin 品质机能展开法90 Quality 质量91 Quality manual 品质手册92 Quality policy 品质政策质量方针93 Random experiment 随机试验94 Random numbers 随机数95 R:Range 全距极差96 Reject 拒收97 Repair 返修98 Repeatusility 再现性99 Reproducibility 再生性100 Requirement 要求101 Responsibilities 职责102 Review 评审103 Reword 返工104 Rolled yield 直通率105 RPN: Risk Priority Number 风险系数106 Sample 抽样,样本107 Sample space 样本空间108 Sampling with replacement 放回抽样109 Sampling without replacement 不放回抽样110 Scatter diagram 散布图分析111 Scrap 报废112 Simple random sampling 简单随机取样113 Size 规格114 SL: Size Line 规格中心线115 Stratified random sampling 分层随机抽样116 SOP: Standard Operation Procedure 标准作业书117 SPC: Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制118 Specification 规范119 SQA: SourceSupplier Quality Assurance 供货商品质保证120 Stage sampling 分段随机抽样121 Standard Deviation 标准差122 Sum of squares 平方和123 Taguchi-method 田口试验方法124 Theory 原理125 TQC: Total Quality Control 全面品质控制126 TQM: Total Quality Management 全面品质管理127 Traceablity 追溯128 Training 培训129 UCL: Upper Control Limit 管制控制上限130 USL: Upper Size Limit 规格上限131 Validation 确认132 Variable 计量值133 Verification 验证134 Version 版本135 VOC: Voice of Customer 客户需求136 VOE: Voice of Engineer 工程需求137 Inventory stock report:库存清单报告138 Sales order report:出货报告质量人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点质量管理人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员OQC output quality control 最终出货质量管理人员IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 质量工程人员质量保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability process index 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供货商质量评估FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度/服务P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 批号AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 特采FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理GRR Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径N Number 样品数其它质量术语类QIT Quality Improvement Team 质量改善小组ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 质量改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可7QCTools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知供货商ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求客户PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类ES Engineering Standard 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格部类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PCC Product control center 生产管制中心PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 质量工程部QA Quality Assurance 质量保证处QC Quality Control 质量管理课PD Product Department 生产部LAB Laboratory 实验室IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部生产类PCs Pieces 个根,块等PRS Pairs 双对等CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code 供货商识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造PC Personal Computer 个人计算机CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量I/O input/output 输入/输出NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许APP Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK Check 确认ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装T/P True Position 真位度5WIHWhen, Where, Who, What, Why, How to6MMan, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement, Message4MTH Man, Material, Money, Method, Time, How 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间资源SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略质量保证DQA Design Quality Assurance 设计质量保证MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造质量保证SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 销售及服务质量保证LRR Lot Reject Rate 批退率SPS Switching power supply 电源箱DT Desk Top 卧式机箱MT Mini-Tower 立式机箱DVDDigital Video DiskVCDVideo Compact DiskLCDLiquid Crystal DisplayCADComputer Aided DesignCAMComputer Aided ManufacturingCAEComputer Aided EngineeringPCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板CAR Correction Action Report 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WDR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material Requirement Planning 物料需计划OS Operation System 操作系统TBA To Be Assured 待定,定缺D/CDrawing ChangeP/PPlans & ProcedureEMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业Electrical Magnetic Interference 电子干扰RFI Read Frequency Input 读频输入MMCMaximum Material ConditionMMSMaximum Material SizeLMCLeast Material ConditionLMSLeast Material SizeLEDlighting-emitting diode 发光二极管QBRQuarter Business RecordCIP Continuous improvement process FGIForecasted Goal InventoryCNCComputerized numeral controllerB2CBusiness to customerB2BBusiness to businessAVLApproved vendor listPOPProcedure of packagingEOLEnd of lifeVDCSVender defect correcting sheetPDCSProcess defect correcting sheetGRNGoods receiving noteA/RAccounting receivableA/PAccounting payable专业词汇通用类president董事长operator作业员position职务general manager总经理special assistant 特助deputy manager |'depjuti| =vice manager副理deputy supervisor =vice supervisor副课长group leader组长line leader线长supervisor 课长responsible department负责单位Human Resources Department人力资源部Head count 人数production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管课stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂administration/general affairs dept./总务部production unit生产单位meeting minutes会议记录distribution department分发单位subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日Color management 颜色管理Visual management 目视管理production capacity生产力first count初盘first check初盘复棹second count 复盘second check复盘复核quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity账面数量difference quantity差异量spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单cause analysis原因分析waste materials废料description品名specification 规格model机种work order工令revision版次remark备注registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制application form for purchase请购单consume, consumption消耗to notify通知to fill in填写to collect, to gather收集statistics统计cosmetic inspection standard 外观检验规范computer case 计算机外壳组件personal computer enclosure 计算机机箱产品front plate前板rear plate后板chassis |'∫si| 基座bezel panel面板Hood 上盖base pan 基座bezel 面板riser card 扩充卡flat cable 排线TOP driver cage 上磁架bottom driver cage 下磁架resin film 树脂膜raw materials原料materials物料steel plate钢板roll/coil material卷料spare parts =buffer备品plastic parts塑料件sheet metal parts/stamping parts 冲件material check list物料检查表finished product成品semi-finished product半成品good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐flow chart流程窗体production tempo生产进度现状lots of production生产批量manufacture procedure制程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch—to, switching over切换engineering bottleneck, project difficulty工程瓶颈gloves手套gloves with exposed fingers割手套Band-Aid创可贴Industrial alcohol工业酒精broom扫把mop拖把vacuum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋liaison联络单rags抹布lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管delivery deadline交货期die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备resistance电阻beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机club car高尔夫球车plate电镀power button电源按键reset button重置键forklift叉车Workshop traveler 天车trailer =long vehicle拖板车Hydraulic trolley手压车hydraulic hand jack油压板车casing = containerization装箱velocity速度patent专利coordinate坐标supply and demand供求career card履历卡barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深work cell/work shop工作间sub-line支线bottleneck瓶颈模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模stage die工程模compound die复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模feature die公母模male die公模female die母模cavity型控母模core模心公模die change 换模to fix a die装模to repair a die修模punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板底板upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板top plate上托板顶板top block上垫脚stripping plate内外打脱料板outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板punch冲头insert入块嵌入件deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块die locker锁模器pressure plate =plate pinch压板thickness gauge厚薄规cutting die, blanking die冲裁模die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条panel board镶块to load a die装上模具to unload a die 御模具active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔radius半径shim/wedge/heel/pad/spacer/gasket楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀round pierce punch =die button圆冲子shape punch =die insert异形子stock located block定位块metal plate钣金miller铣床grinder磨床tolerance公差score =groove压线sliding block滑块lathe车active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板capability能力parameter参数factor系数driller钻床set up die架模height of die setting up架模高度analog-mode device类模器inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves =spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套press specification冲床规格die height闭模高度flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝stripper plate脱料板piston活塞handle mold手持式模具flash mold溢流式模具positive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具die lifter举模器top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程to continue, cont.连动to gripmaterial吸料location lump, locating piece, location block定位块reset复位to file burr 锉毛刺embedded lump |in'bed| mp|镶块|lstamping-missing漏冲to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to loosen a bolt拧松螺栓punched hole冲孔to cut edge =side cut =side scrap 切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印stamping 油印to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计修改成gaugeor jig治具pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板torque扭矩spline =the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的forming成型抽凸,冲凸draw hole抽孔bending折弯emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线stamp letter冲字料号tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印冲压类punch, press冲punching machine 冲床hydraulic machine油压机jack升降机decoiler整平机manufacture management制造管理stamping, press冲压feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架taker取料机to reverse material 翻料to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skrpid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削robot机械手production line流水线packaging tool打包机packaging打包成型类well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道welding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleeve套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板guide pin导销eject rod bar成型机顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向sprue gate射料浇口,直浇口nozzle射嘴sprue lock pin料头钩销拉料杆slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口diaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口submarine gate潜入式浇口tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口runner less无浇道sprue less无射料管方式long nozzle延长喷嘴方式spur浇口;溶waste废料board广告牌sliding rack滑料架to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更prepare for, make preparations for 准备rotating speed, revolution转速abnormal handling异常处理组装类Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线运输带Rivet machine拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Hydraulic machine 液压机Pneumatic screw driver气动起子automation自动化to stake, staking, riveting铆合add lubricant oil加润滑油argon welding氩焊cylinder油缸robot机械手conveying belt输送带transmission rack输送架to draw holes抽孔bolt螺栓nut 螺母screw 螺丝identification tag标示单screwdriver plug起子插座automatic screwdriver电动启子to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库packing包装staker = riveting machine铆合机fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧螺丝fixture 夹具治具pallet/skid栈板barcode条形码barcode scanner条形码扫描仪fuse together熔合fuse machine/heat stake热熔机processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货to return delivery to. to send delivery back to return of goods退货easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件to lubricate润滑spring 弹簧spare tools location/buffer手工备品仓spare molds location模具备品仓tox machine自铆机烤漆类phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉organic solvent有机溶剂demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料volatile挥发性degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmot剥黑膜. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔scraped products报放品disposed products处理品dismantle the die折模auxiliary function辅助功能heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response =reaction =interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线grit沙砾granule =pellet =grain细粒sand blasting喷沙grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲fillet镶;嵌边roller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴品质类qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品defective product box不良品箱。
计算机专业英语单词
Lesson one .simultaneity n同时性breach vt违反，破坏immediacy n即时性deadline n最后期限spatial adj空间的earth-bound adj只在地球上的teletype n电传打字机proximity n接近，近似first-generation computer n第一代计算机vacuum tube n真空管，电子管transistor n晶体管integrated circuits(I C) n集成电路microminiaturization n超小型化chip n芯片etch vt蚀刻imprint vt铭刻plastic n塑料ceramic n陶瓷matal n金属approximately adv近似的，大约的============================== Lesson two.general adj一般的knowledge n知识eletronic adj电子的machinery n机器，机械equipment n设备manipulate vt操作represent vt代表dull adj迟钝的，枯燥的time-consuming adj消耗时间的routine adj常规的characters n字符general-purpose adj通用的operate vt操作successfully adv成功地numerical adj数字的integrator n积分refinement n精炼unreliable adj不可靠的internal adj内部的feature n特点capability n能力ASCII American Standard For Information Interchange n美国标准信息交换代码hardware n硬件software n软件minicomputer n小型计算机personalcomputer n个人计算机mainframe computer n大型计算机microcomputer n微型计算机supercomputer n超级计算机I/O Input/Output device n输入/输出设备glimpse n一瞥handle vt处理broad adj宽广的enormous adj庞大的scientific adj科学的super adj超级的interpret vt解释manufacture vt制造efficient adj有效的robotics n机器人学combine vt联合divide vt划分divided into vt划分为category n范畴，目录retrieval n检索vital adj必不可少的youngster n年轻人in addition to vt 另外familiarity n熟悉durable adj 持久的CAD Computer-Aided Design n计算机辅助设计CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing n计算机辅助制造CAI Computer-Aided Instruction n计算机辅助教学Lesson three.powerful adj功能强大的tool n工具personal adj个人的basically adv基本上consist of 由...组成additional adj另外的expand vt扩大，扩充meet...needs满足..的需要particular adj特别的，特定的CPU central processing unit中央处理机memory n主存，内存RAM random access memory 随机存储器ROM read-only memory 只读存储器Diskette drive 软盘驱动器FDD floppy disk drive 硬盘驱动器HDD hard disk drive硬盘驱动器CD-ROM compact disc ROM只读光盘keyboard n键盘mouse n鼠标power supply 电源turn off关闭& conj和，以及entire adj整个的typical adj典型的be entered into 被键入be connected to被连接到comfortable adj舒适的position n位置independently adv独立地select vt选择monitor n监视器issue vt发出command n命令response n响应popular adj常见的，众所周知的generate vt产生dot n点matrix printer点阵打印机option n选件，选项instruct vt指示，指导be loaded into 被装入turn on 打开OS operating system 操作系统model n型号interface n接口parallel ports 并行口serial ports 串行口binary n二进制decimal n十进制hexadecimal n十六进制bit n二进制位byte n字节KB kilo byte 千字节MB million byte 兆字节GB giga byte 吉字节string n字符串Chinese character汉字字符field n字段record n记录file n文件access vt存取，访问access time 存取时间expansion slot扩展槽cylinder n柱面track n磁道sector n扇区2 HD 双面高密度DS/DD double side/double density双面双密度N/A not available 不具备MIPS million instruction per second 每秒执行百万条指令M Hz mega hertz 兆赫兹sound blaster 声霸卡double speed 倍速quad speed 四倍速warranty n保修requirement n需求specification n规格pentium processor 奔腾处理器bus architecture PCI PCI总线结构cache n高速缓冲存储器seek vt搜索enhanced adj增强的resolution 分辨率dpi n点/英寸audio n音频P&P plug and play 即插既用security n安全性lock n锁password n口令on-site adj所在地的pre-load vt预装AC交流电consumption n消耗diagonal adj对角线的dimension n大小serial impact dot matrix 串行式点阵打印pin n针CPS characters per second 每秒字符数CPI characters per inch 每英寸字符数draft n草稿体印刷质量LQ letter quality书信体印刷质量buffer n打印机缓冲区column n列fanfold n（连续）折叠（打印纸）cut sheet 单页打印纸capacity n容量original n正本，原稿resident adj驻留的font n字体operational adj操作的panel n面板button n按扭LED n指示灯ribbon n色带cassette n盒MTBF mean time between failures 平均故障间隔时间Microsoft Visual Basic 微软公司的Visual Basic语言standard n标准版professional n专业版enterprise edition n企业版recommend vt推荐compatible adj兼容的Lesson four.plug into 将..插入outlet n插座module n模块kit n块，包automatically adv自动地update vt更新configuration n配置sequence n次序，序列boot vi引导flash vi闪烁，发光version n版本prompt n提示indicate vt 指明，表明default adj默认的，缺省的adjust vt调整contrast n对比度brightness n亮度comfort n舒适batch n批，成批manually adv手动地simultaneously adv同时地disappear vi消失antivirus vi防病毒protection n保护detect vt检测remove vt 去除virus n病毒power on /off电源开/关signal in 信号线插口reset vt 复位Turbo n切换主频按钮K/lock key/lock 钥匙/锁Esc escape vt强迫终止Tab table vt制表Caps lock 大写锁定/大小写切换shift vt换挡Ctrl control vt 控制Alt alternate vt切换spacebar n空格键条backspace BS n回退Enter vt打入，回车换行Num Lock 数字键锁定keypad n辅助小键盘Home n开始位置End n结束位置Insert INS vt插入Delete DEL vt删除page up 前进翻页page down 后退翻页print screen PRT SC屏幕拷贝Scroll Lock 屏幕锁定（不滚动）pause vi暂停function key 功能键break vt中止@ (at) n 在^ (caret) n脱字符# (No.) n号LOAD PARK 装纸到位ONLINE n联机OFFLINE n脱机LF/FF line feed/form feed （打印纸）走行/走页tear off撕纸page out 缺纸Ready adj就绪的Busy adj忙的install vt安装conventional adj常规的customize vt剪裁，定制startup n启动initialize vt初始化self-test vi自检debug vt 诊断strike/press/depress/hit the key击键cursor n光标highlight n高亮度click vt单击double click 双击drag and drop 拖放respond vi响应directory n 目录offer vt提供hierarchical adj层次的branch n分支branch into 化入分支subdirectory n子目录appropriate adj合适的create vt建立search vt 查找，搜索search for 查找bracket n括弧optional adj可选的specify vt指定current adj当前的root n根upper adj高位的adapter n适配器extended adj扩展的xpanded adj扩充的reserved adj保留的extension n扩展名Lesson FiveGUI graphical user interface 图形用户界面specific adj特定的element n元素menu n菜单bar n条icon n图标be indicated by由...表示folder n文件夹clipboard n剪贴板temporary adj临时的storage n存储area n区域accessory n附件spreadsheet n电子表格personalize vt个性化remotely adv遥远的efficiently adv有效的administrator n管理员legacy n遗传，遗产multimedia n多媒体reliability n可靠性powerful adj强大的performance n性能parameter n参数switch n开关DIR directory vt列目录path n路径diagram n结构图wildcard n通配符syntax n语法format n格式formatting n格式化copy vt拷贝source diskette源盘target diskette目标盘rename vt换名list vt列出清单backup n备份restore vt恢复append vt附加attribute ATTRIB n属性call vt调用remark n注解erase (delete) vt删除undelete vt恢复被删除文件echo vt回显sort vt分类，排序set vt设置share vt分享edit vt编辑editor n编辑程序title bar标题条scroll bar滚动条tool bar工具条dialog box对话框status line 状态行program/file manager程序/文件管理器release vt释放open vt打开close vt关闭overwrite vt改写replace vt替换save vt保存save as另存为run vt运行view vt查看show vt查看cascade vt层叠title vt平铺style n字型cut vt箭切paste vt粘贴exit(quit) vt退出cardfile n卡片盒calendar n日历notepad n记事本paintbrush n画笔media player媒体播放器readme n自述文件recorder n记录器OLE object linking and embedding对象连接与嵌入DDE dynamic data exchange 动态数据交换object packager对象包装WYSIWYG what you see is what you get 所见即所得falls into分为shared adj共享的focus n焦点criteria n标准，尺度sensitivity n敏感性literal adj文字的recycle vt回收bin n箱Lesson Six.ruler n标尺margin n页边距indent n缩进量check vt检查spelling n拼写perform vt执行，进行wizard n指南available adj可用的resume n文摘letter n信件memo n便函（备忘录）report n报告meeting agenda会议日程incorporate vt插入，并入attractive adj诱人的according to 按照session n操作期in front of 在...前面separate from使...和..分开examine vt查看preview vt预览dictionary n词典store vt存储combination n组合style n字符样式apply to将...用于...Auto format 自动格式化based on 基于template n模板row n行merge vt合并modify vt修改border n边框shading n阴影'snaking' columns分栏size vt缩放graphic adj图形的wordArt n艺术字multiple adj多个的multiply files多个文件at the same time同时technique n方法full screen editor全屏幕编辑scroll box滚动条drop-down 下拉alignment n对齐方式aligh left 左对齐center n居中bullet n项目符号（圆点或方块）formula n公式hanging indent 悬挂式缩进header and footer页眉和页脚landscape n横向，地形portrait n纵向，肖像line spacing行间距outline view大纲视图page break分页符facing page对开页section break 分节符layout n版面，页面布局status bar状态栏soft return软回车wizard n指南，向导word-wrap自动回车的，字环绕的zoom vt缩放shortcut n快捷gridline n网格线triple-click三击radio button 单选按扭check box 复选框alert box 警告框demo n演示step by step渐进undo vt撤消proof vt审稿redo vt重做Express/Custom Install快速/自定义安装tutorial n连机教学/指南streamlined adj优化了的，流线型的functionality n功能high-impact adj有感染力的intelligent adj聪明的snap vt猛咬，抓住center-align vi居中排列back and forth 来回flexibility n灵活性wrap vt包起来barrier n障碍multilingual adj多种语言的grammar n语法Lesson Seven.Mail n微软公司的电子邮件软件attach vt连接attach to将。
电子信息工程专业英语词汇精华版
电子信息工程专业英语词汇精华版公司标准化编码 [QQX96QT-XQQB89Q8-NQQJ6Q8-MQM9N]transistor n 晶体管diode n 二极管semiconductor n 半导体resistor n 电阻器capacitor n 电容器alternating adj 交互的amplifier n 扩音器，放大器integrated circuit 集成电路linear time invariant systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压，伏特数tolerance n 公差；宽容；容忍condenser n 电容器；冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromagnetic adj电磁的adj 非传导性的deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差linear device 线性器件the insulationresistance 绝缘电阻anode n 阳极，正极cathode n阴极breakdown n 故障；崩溃terminal n终点站；终端，接线端emitter n 发射器collect v收集，集聚，集中insulator n 绝缘体，绝热器oscilloscope n示波镜；示波器gain n 增益，放大倍数forward biased 正向偏置reverse biased 反向偏置P-N junction PN结MOS（metal-oxidesemiconductor）金属氧化物半导体enhancement andexhausted 增强型和耗尽型integrated circuits集成电路analog n 模拟digital adj 数字的，数位的horizontal adj, 水平的，地平线的vertical adj 垂直的，顶点的amplitude n 振幅，广阔，丰富attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀薄化multimeter n 万用表frequency n 频率，周率the cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管dual-trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器signal generatingdevice 信号发生器peak-to-peak output voltage 输出电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波triangle wave 三角波square wave 方波amplifier 放大器，扩音器oscillator n 振荡器feedback n 反馈，回应phase n 相，阶段，状态filter n 滤波器，过滤器rectifier n整流器；纠正者band-stop filter带阻滤波器band-pass filter 带通滤波器decimal adj 十进制的，小数的hexadecimal adj/n十六进制的binary adj 二进制的；二元的octal adj 八进制的domain n 域；领域code n代码，密码，编码v编码the Fourier transform傅里叶变换Fast Fourier Transform快速傅里叶变换microcontroller n 微处理器；微控制器assembly languageinstrucions n 汇编语言指令chip n 芯片，碎片modular adj 模块化的；模数的sensor n 传感器plug vt堵，塞，插上n 塞子，插头，插销coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的fiber n 光纤relay contact 继电接触器single instruction programmer 单指令编程器dedicated manufactures programming unit 专供制造厂用的编程单元beam n （光线的）束，柱，梁polarize v（使）偏振，（使）极化Cathode Ray Tube（CRT）阴极射线管neuron n神经元；神经细胞fuzzy adj 模糊的Artificial IntelligenceShell 人工智能外壳程序Expert Systems 专家系统Artificial Intelligence人工智能Perceptive Systems 感知系统neural network 神经网络fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑intelligent agent 智能代理electromagnetic adj电磁的coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的microwave n 微波charge v充电，使充电insulator n 绝缘体，绝缘物nonconductive adj非导体的，绝缘的antenna n天线；触角modeling n建模，造型simulation n 仿真；模拟prototype n 原型array n 排队，编队vector n 向量，矢量wavelet n 微波，小浪sine 正弦 cosine余弦inverse adj倒转的，反转的n反面；相反v倒转high-performance 高精确性，高性能two-dimensional 二维的；缺乏深度的three-dimensional 三维的；立体的；真实的object-oriented programming面向对象的程序设计spectral adj 光谱的attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀释distortion n 失真，扭曲，变形wavelength n 波长refractive adj 折射的ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer ModeADSL非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digital subscriber lineVDSL甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digital subscriber lineHDSL高速数据用户线 high rate digital subscriber line FDMA频分多址(FrequencyDivision MultipleAccess)TDMA时分多址(TimeDivision MultipleAccess)CDMA同步码分多址方式(Code Division MultipleAccess)WCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统(Wideband CodeDivision MultipleAccess)TD-SCDMA(Time DivisionSynchronous CodeDivision MultipleAccess)时分同步码分多址SDLC(synchronous datalink control)同步数据链路控制HDLC(high-level datalink control)高级数据链路控制IP/TCP(internetprotocol /transferControl Protocol)网络传输控制协议ITU (InternationalTelecommunication Union)国际电信联盟ISO国际标准化组织（InternationalStandardizationOrganization）；OSI开放式系统互联参考模型（Open SystemInterconnect）GSM全球移动通信系统（Global System forMobile Communications）GPRS通用分组无线业务(General Packet RadioService)FDD(frequency divisionduplex)频分双工TDD(time divisionduplex)时分双工VPI虚路径标识符（Virtual PathIdentifier）；ISDN（Integrated Services Digital Network）综合业务数字网IDN综合数字网（integrated digital network）HDTV (high definition television)高清晰度电视DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)离散余弦变换VCI(virtual circuit address)虚通路标识MAN城域网Metropolitan area networksLAN局域网local area networkWAN广域网wide area network同步时分复用STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexing 单工传输simplextransmission半双工传输half-duplextransmission全双工传输full-duplextransmission交换矩阵SwitchingMatrix电路交换 circuitswitching分组交换packetswitching报文交换messageswitching奇偶校验parity checking循环冗余校验CRC CyclicRedundancy Check虚过滤Virtual filter数字滤波digitalfiltering伪随机比特Quasi RandomBit带宽分配 Bandwidthallocation信源information source信宿destination数字化digitalize数字传输技术Digitaltransmission technology灰度图像Grey scaleimages灰度级Grey scale level幅度谱Magnitudespectrum相位谱Phase spectrum频谱frequency spectrum智能设备Smart Device软切换Soft handover硬切换 Hard Handover相干检测Coherentdetection边缘检测Edge detection冲突检测collision detection业务集合service integration业务分离/综合service separation/ integration网络集合network integration环形网Ring networks令牌环网Token Ring network网络终端Network Terminal用户终端user terminal用户电路line circuit电路利用率channel utilization（通道利用率）相关性coherence相干解调coherent demodulation数字图像压缩digital image compression 图像编码image encoding有损/无损压缩lossy/losslesscompression解压decompression呼叫控制Call Control误差控制error control存储程序控制storedprogram control存储转发方式store-and-forward manner语音\视频传输voice\videotransmission视频点播video-on-demand(VOD)会议电视VideoConference有线电视cabletelevision量化quantization吞吐量throughput话务量traffic多径分集Multipathdiversity多媒体通信MDMMultimediaCommunication多址干扰Multiple AccessInterference人机交互man machineinterface交互式会话Conversationalinteraction路由算法RoutingAlgorithm目标识别Objectrecognition话音变换Voice transform中继线trunk line传输时延transmissiondelay远程监控remotemonitoring光链路optical link拓扑结构Topology均方根root mean squarewhatsoever=whateverswitchboard (电话)交换台bipolar （电子）双极的premise （复）房屋，前提cursor (计算机尺的)游标，指导的elapse （时间）经过，消失vaporize （使）蒸发subsystem （系统的）分部，子系统，辅助系统metallic （像）金属的，含金属的，（声音）刺耳的dispatch （迅速）派遣，急件consensus （意见）一致，同意deadline （最后）期限，截止时间tomographic X线体层摄像的alas 唉，哎呀cluster 把…集成一束，一组，一簇，一串，一群encyclopedia 百科全书millionfold 百万倍的semiconductor 半导体radius 半径范围，半径，径向射线half-duplextransmission 半双工传输accompaniment 伴随物，附属物reservation 保留，预定quotation 报价单，行情报告，引语memorandum 备忘录redundancy 备用be viewed as 被看作…be regards as 被认为是as such 本身；照此；以这种资格textual 本文的，正文的verge 边界variation 变化，变量conversion 变化，转化identity 标识；标志criterion 标准，准则in parallel on 并联到，合并到juxtapose 并置，并列dialing pulse 拨号脉冲wave-guide 波导wavelength division multiplexed 波分复用baud rate 波特率playback 播放（录音带，唱片）no greater than 不大于update 不断改进，使…适合新的要求，更新asymmetric 不对称的irrespective 不考虑的，不顾的inevitably 不可避免的inevitable 不可避免的，不可逃避的，必定的segment 部分abrasion 擦伤，磨损deploy 采用，利用，推广应用take the form of 采用…的形式parameter 参数，参量layer 层dope 掺杂FET(field effecttransistors) 场效应管audio recording 唱片ultra-high-frequency(UHF) 超高频in excess of 超过in excess of 超过hypertext 超文本ingredient 成分，因素ingredient 成分，组成部分，要素metropolitan-areanetwork(WAN) 城域网metropolitan areanetwork(WAN) 城域网，城市网络congestion 充满，拥挤，阻塞collision 冲突extractive 抽出；释放出extract 抽取，取出，分离lease 出租，租约，租界期限，租界物pass on 传递，切换transmission 传输facsimile 传真innovative=innovatory创新的，富有革新精神的track 磁道impetus 促进，激励cluster 簇stored-programcontrol(SPC) 存储程序控制a large number of大量的peal 大声响，发出supersede 代替supplant 代替，取代out-of-band signaling带外信号simplex transmission单工传输monochromatic 单色的，单色光的，黑白的ballistic 弹道的，射击的，冲击的conductor 导体hierarchy 等级制度，层次infrastructure 底层结构，基础结构geographic 地理的，地区的geographically 地理上GIS(groundinstrumentation system)地面测量系统ground station 地面站earth orbit 地球轨道extraterrestrial 地球外的，地球大气圈外的Land-sat 地球资源卫星rug 地毯，毯子ignite 点火，点燃，使兴奋electromagnetic 电磁的inductive 电感arc 电弧telephony 电话（学），通话dielectric 电介质，绝缘材料；电解质的，绝缘的capacitor 电容telecommunication 电信，无线电通讯scenario 电影剧本，方案modem pool 调制解调器（存储）池superimposing 叠加，重叠pin 钉住，扣住，抓住customize 定做，定制monolithic 独立的，完全统一的aluminize 镀铝strategic 对全局有重要意义的，战略的substantial 多的，大的，实际上的multi-path fading 多径衰落multi-path 多路，多途径；多路的，多途径的multi-access 多路存取，多路进入multiplex 多路复用multiplex 多路复用的degradation 恶化，降级dioxide 二氧化碳LED(light-emitting-diode) 发光二极管evolution 发展，展开，渐进feedback 反馈，回授dimension 范围，方向，维，元scenario 方案scenario 方案，电影剧本amplifer 放大器noninvasive 非侵略的，非侵害的tariff 费率，关税率；对…征税distributed functionalplane(DFP) 分布功能平面DQDB(distributed queuedual bus) 分布式队列双总线hierarchy 分层，层次partition 分成segmentation 分割interface 分界面，接口asunder 分开地，分离地detached 分离的，分开的，孤立的dispense 分配allocate 分配，配给；配给物centigrade 分为百度的，百分度的，摄氏温度的fractal 分形molecule 分子，微小，些微cellular 蜂窝状的cellular 蜂窝状的，格形的，多孔的auxiliary storage(alsocalled secondarystorage) 辅助存储器decay 腐烂，衰减，衰退negative 负电vicinity 附近，邻近vicinity 附近地区，近处sophisticated 复杂的，高级的，现代化的high-frequency(HF)高频high definitiontelevision 高清晰度电视chromium 铬annotate 给…作注解in terms of 根据，按照disclosure 公布，企业决算公开public network 公用网functionality 功能，功能度mercury 汞resonator 共鸣器resonance 共振whimsical 古怪的，反复无常的administration 管理，经营cursor 光标（显示器），游标，指针optical computer 光计算机photoconductor 光敏电阻optical disks 光盘optically 光学地，光地wide-area networks广域网specification 规范，说明书silicon 硅the internationaltelecommunicationunion(ITU) 国际电信联盟excess 过剩obsolete 过时的，废弃的maritime 海事的synthetic 合成的，人造的，综合的synthetic 合成的，综合性的rational 合乎理性的rationalization 合理化streamline 合理化，理顺infrared 红外线的，红外线skepticism 怀疑论ring network 环形网hybrid 混合物counterpart 伙伴，副本，对应物electromechanical 机电的，电动机械的Robot 机器人Robotics 机器人技术，机器人学accumulation 积累infrastructure 基础，基础结构substrate 基质，底质upheaval 激变，剧变compact disc 激光磁盘（CD）concentrator 集中器，集线器centrex system 集中式用户交换功能系统converge on 集中于，聚集在…上lumped element 集总元件CAI(computer-aided instruction) 计算机辅助教学computer-integrated manufacturing(CIM)计算机集成制造computer mediated communication(CMC)计算机中介通信record 记录register 记录器，寄存器expedite 加快，促进weight 加权accelerate 加速，加快，促进categorize 加以类别，分类in addition 加之，又，另外hypothetical 假设的rigidly 坚硬的，僵硬的compatibility 兼容性，相容性surveillance 监视surveillance 监视retrieval 检索，（可）补救verification 检验simplicity 简单，简明film 胶片，薄膜take over 接管，接任ruggedness 结实threshold 界限，临界值with the aid of 借助于，用，通过wire line 金属线路，有线线路coherent 紧凑的，表达清楚的，粘附的，相干的compact 紧密的approximation 近似undertake 进行，从事transistor 晶体管elaborate 精心制作的，细心完成的，周密安排的vigilant 警戒的，警惕的alcohol 酒精，酒local areanetworks(LANs) 局域网local-areanetworks(LANs) 局域网drama 剧本，戏剧，戏剧的演出focus on 聚集在，集中于，注视insulator 绝缘root mean square 均方根uniform 均匀的open-system-interconnection(OSI)开放系统互连expire 开始无效，满期，终止immunity 抗扰，免除，免疫性take…into account考虑，重视…programmable industrial automation 可编程工业自动化demountable 可拆卸的tunable 可调的reliable 可靠be likely to 可能，大约，像要videotex video 可视图文电视negligible 可以忽略的aerial 空气的，空中的，无形的，虚幻的；天线broadband 宽（频）带pervasive 扩大的，渗透的tensile 拉力的，张力的romanticism 浪漫精神，浪漫主义discrete 离散，不连续ion 离子force 力量；力stereophonic 立体声的continuum 连续统一体，连续统，闭联集smart 灵巧的；精明的；洒脱的token 令牌on the other hand 另一方面hexagonal 六边形的，六角形的hexagon 六角形，六边形monopoly 垄断，专利video-clip 录像剪辑aluminum 铝pebble 卵石，水晶透镜forum 论坛，讨论会logical relationships逻辑关系code book 码本pulse code modulation(PCM) 脉冲编码调制roam 漫步，漫游bps(bits per second)每秒钟传输的比特ZIP codes 美国邮区划分的五位编码susceptible(to) 敏感的，易受…的analog 模拟，模拟量pattern recognition模式识别bibliographic 目录的，文献的neodymium 钕the european telecommunication standardization institute(ETSI) 欧洲电信标准局coordinate 配合的，协调的；使配合，调整ratify 批准，认可bias 偏差；偏置deviate 偏离，与…不同spectrum 频谱come into play 其作用entrepreneurial 企业的heuristic methods 启发式方法play a …role(part)起…作用stem from 起源于；由…发生organic 器官的，有机的，组织的hypothesis 前提front-end 前置，前级potential 潜势的，潜力的intensity 强度coincidence 巧合，吻合，一致scalpel 轻便小刀，解剖刀inventory 清单，报表spherical 球的，球形的distinguish 区别，辨别succumb 屈服，屈从，死global functionalplane(GFP) 全局功能平面full-duplextransmission 全双工传输hologram 全息照相，全息图deficiency 缺乏thermonuclear 热核的artifact 人工制品AI(artificial intelligence) 人工智能fusion 熔解，熔化diskettes(also called floppy disk) 软盘sector 扇区entropy 熵uplink 上行链路arsenic 砷neural network 神经网络very-high-frequency(VHF)甚高频upgrade 升级distortion 失真，畸变identification 识别，鉴定，验明pragmatic 实际的implementation 实施，实现，执行，敷设entity 实体，存在vector quantification矢量量化mislead 使…误解，给…错误印象，引错vex 使烦恼，使恼火defy 使落空facilitate 使容易，促进retina 视网膜compatible 适合的，兼容的transceiver 收发两用机authorize 授权，委托，允许data security 数据安全性data independence 数据独立data management 数据管理database 数据库database managementsystem(DBMS) 数据库管理信息系统database transaction数据库事务data integrity 数据完整性，数据一致性attenuation 衰减fading 衰落，衰减，消失dual 双的，二重的transient 瞬时的deterministic 宿命的，确定的algorithm 算法dissipation 损耗carbon 碳diabetes 糖尿病cumbersome 讨厌的，麻烦的，笨重的razor 剃刀，剃go by the name of 通称，普通叫做commucation session通信会话traffic 通信业务（量）synchronous transmission 同步传输concurrent 同时发生的，共存的simultaneous 同时发生的，同时做的simultaneous 同时发生的，一齐的coaxial 同轴的copper 铜statistical 统计的，统计学的dominate 统治，支配invest in 投资perspective 透视，角度，远景graphics 图示，图解pictorial 图像的coating 涂层，层deduce 推理reasoning strategies推理策略inference engine 推理机topology 拓扑结构heterodyne 外差法的peripheral 外界的，外部的，周围的gateway 网关hazardous 危险的microwave 微波（的）microprocessor 微处理机，微处理器microelectronic 微电子nuance 微小的差别（色彩等）encompass 围绕，包围，造成，设法做到maintenance 维护；保持；维修satellite communication卫星通信satellite network 卫星网络transceiver 无线电收发信机radio-relaytransmission 无线电中继传输without any doubt 无疑passive satellite 无源卫星sparse 稀少的，稀疏的downlink 下行链路precursor 先驱，前任visualization 显像feasibility 现实性，可行性linearity 线性度constrain 限制，约束，制约considerable 相当的，重要的geo-stationary 相对地面静止by contrast 相反，而，对比起来coorelation 相关性mutual 相互的mutually 相互的，共同的interconnect 相互连接，互连one after the other相继，依次minicomputer 小型计算机protocol 协议，草案protocol 协议，规约，规程psycho-acoustic 心理（精神）听觉的；传音的channelization 信道化，通信信道选择run length encoding行程编码groom 修饰，准备virtual ISDN 虚拟ISDNmultitude 许多，大批，大量whirl 旋转preference 选择，喜欢avalanche 雪崩pursue 寻求，从事interrogation 询问dumb 哑的，不说话的，无声的subcategory 亚类，子种类，子范畴orbital 眼眶；轨道oxygen 氧气，氧元素service switching andcontrol points(SSCPs)业务交换控制点service controlpoints(SCPs) 业务控制点service controlfunction(SCF) 业务控制功能in concert 一致，一齐handover 移交，越区切换at a rate of以……的速率in the form of 以…的形式base on…以…为基础yttrium 钇（稀有金属，符号Y）asynchronoustransmission 异步传输asynchronous 异步的exceptional 异常的，特殊的voice-grade 音频级indium 铟give rise to 引起，使产生cryptic 隐义的，秘密的hard disk 硬盘hard automation 硬自动化by means of 用，依靠equip with 用…装备subscriber 用户telex 用户电报PBX(private branch exchange) 用户小交换机或专用交换机be called upon to用来…，（被）要求…superiority 优势predominance 优势，显着active satellite 有源卫星in comparison with与…比较comparable to 与…可比preliminary 预备的，初步的premonition 预感，预兆nucleus 原子核valence 原子价circumference 圆周，周围teleprocessing 远程信息处理，遥控处理perspective 远景，前途constrain 约束，强迫mobile 运动的，流动的，机动的，装在车上的convey 运输，传递，转换impurity 杂质impurity 杂质，混杂物，不洁，不纯regenerative 再生的improve over在……基础上改善play important role in在…中起重要作用in close proximity在附近，在很近underlying 在下的，基础的in this respect 在这方面entail 遭遇，导致presentation 赠与，图像，呈现，演示narrowband 窄（频）带deploy 展开，使用，推广应用megabit 兆比特germanium 锗positive 正电quadrature 正交orthogonal 正交的quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) 正交幅度调制on the right track正在轨道上sustain 支撑，撑住，维持，持续outgrowh 支派；长出；副产品dominate 支配，统治knowledgerepresentation 知识表示knowledge engineering知识工程knowledge base 知识库in diameter 直径helicopter 直升飞机acronym 只取首字母的缩写词as long as 只要，如果tutorial 指导教师的，指导的coin 制造（新字符），杜撰fabrication 制造，装配；捏造事实proton 质子intelligence 智能，智力，信息intelligent network智能网intermediate 中间的nucleus 中心，核心neutrons 中子terminal 终端，终端设备overlay 重叠，覆盖，涂覆highlight 重要的部分，焦点charge 主管，看管；承载dominant 主要的，控制的，最有力的cylinder 柱面expert system 专家系统private network 专用网络transition 转变，转换，跃迁relay 转播relay 转播，中继repeater 转发器，中继器pursue 追赶，追踪，追求，继续desktop publish 桌面出版ultraviolet 紫外线的，紫外的；紫外线辐射field 字段vendor 自动售货机，厂商naturally 自然的；天生具备的synthesize 综合，合成integrate 综合，使完全ISDN(intergrated services digital network) 综合业务数字网as a whole 总体上bus network 总线形网crossbar 纵横，交叉impedance 阻抗initial 最初的，开始的optimum 最佳条件appear as 作为…出现A Analog 模拟A/D Analog toDigital 模-数转换AAC Advanced AudioCoding 高级音频编码ABB Automatic BlackBalance 自动黑平衡ABC AmericanBroadcasting Company 美国广播公司Automatic BassCompensation 自动低音补偿Automatic BrightnessControl 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic BlackLevel 自动黑电平ABLC AutomaticBrightness LimiterCircuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU AsianBroadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟(亚广联ABS American Bureauof Standard 美国标准局AC Access Conditions接入条件Audio Center 音频中心ACA Adjacent ChannelAttenuation 邻频道衰减ACC AutomaticCentering Control 自动中心控制Automatic ChromaControl 自动色度(增益ACK Automatic ChromaKiller 自动消色器ACP Additive ColourProcess 加色法ACS Access Control System 接入控制系统Advanced Communication Service 高级通信业务Area Communication System 区域通信系统ADC Analog to Digital Converter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Line 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasing 音频（声音AEF Automatic Editing Function 自动编辑功能 AES AudioEngineering Society 音频工程协会AF Audio Frequency音频AFA Audio FrequencyAmplifier 音频放大器AFC AutomaticFrequency Coder 音频编码器Automatic FrequencyControl 自动频率控制AFT Automatic FineTuning 自动微调Automatic FrequencyTrack 自动频率跟踪Automatic FrequencyTrim 自动额率微调AGC Automatic GainControl 自动增益控制AI ArtificialIntelligence 人工智能ALM Audio-LevelMeter 音频电平表AM AmplitudeModulation 调幅AMS Automatic MusicSensor 自动音乐传感装置ANC Automatic NoiseCanceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTenna 天线AO Analog Output 模拟输出APS AutomaticProgram Search 自动节目搜索APPS AutomaticProgram Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS AutomaticProgram Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Response 音频响应ARC Automatic RemoteControl 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Scanning Tracking 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timing Control 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correction 自动音频校正ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Finding 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee （美国高级电视制式委员会）***C Automatic Volume Control 自动音量控制***R AutomaticVoltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic WhiteBalance 自动白平衡AZC AutomaticZooming Control 自动变焦控制AZS Automatic ZeroSetting 自动调零BA Branch Amplifier分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Binary-AnalogConversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC BritishBroadcasting Corporation英国广播公司BBI BeijingBroadcasting Institute北京广播学院BC Binary Code 二进制码Balanced Current 平衡电流Broadcast Control 广播控制BCT BandwidthCompression Technique 带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directionalData Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic EncodingRules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare FiberAdapter 裸光纤适配器Brillouin FiberAmplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Background Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic Input／Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadband-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic Information Unit 基本信息单元Bus Interface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Business Management Layer 商务管理层BN Backbone Network 主干网BNT Broadband Network Termination 宽带网络终端设备 BO Bus Out 总线输出BPG Basic PulseGenerator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Band Pitch Shift分频段变调节器BSI British StandardInstitute 英国标准学会BSS BroadcastSatellite Service 广播卫星业务BT Block Terminal 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA BroadbandTerminal Adapter 宽带终端适配器BroadcastingTechnology Association(日本BTL BalancedTransformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS BroadcastTechnical Standard 广播技术标准BTU BasicTransmission Unit 基本传输单元BVU BroadcastingVideo Unit 广播视频型(一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式BW BandWidth 带宽BWTV Black and WhiteTelevision 黑白电视CA ConditionalAccess 条件接收CAC ConditionalAccess Control 条件接收控制CAL ContinuityAccept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS ConditionalAccess System 条件接收系统Conditional AccessSub-system 条件接收子系统CATV Cable Television 有线电视，电缆电视Community Antenna Television 共用天线电视C*** Constant Angular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting System （美国哥伦比亚广播公司CC Concentric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chinese Character Generator 中文字幕发生器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT InternationalTelegraph and TelephoneConsultativeCommittee 国际电话电报咨询委员会CCR Central ControlRoom 中心控制室CCTV China CentralTelevision 中国中央电视台Close-CircuitTelevision 闭路电视CCS Center CentralSystem 中心控制系统CCU Camera ControlUnit 摄像机控制器CCW Counter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CD Compact Disc 激光唱片CDA Current DumpingAmplifier 电流放大器CD-E Compact DiscErasable 可抹式激光唱片CDFM Compact DiscFile Manager 光盘文件管理(程序CDPG Compact-DiscPlus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘CETV ChinaEducational Television中国教育电视台CF Color Framing 彩色成帧CGA Color GraphicsAdapter 彩色图形(显示卡CI Common Interface通用接口CGA Color GraphicsAdapter 彩色图形(显示卡CI Common Interface通用接口CIE ChineseInstitute of Electronics 中国电子学会CII China Information Infrastructure 中国信息基础设施CIF Common Intermediate Format 通用中间格式CIS Chinese Industrial Standard 中国工业标准CLV Constant Linear Velocity 恒定线速度CM Colour Monitor 彩色监视器CMTS Cable Modem Termination System 线缆调制解调器终端系统CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CON Console 操纵台 Controller 控制器CPB Corporation ofPublic Broadcasting（美国公共广播公司CPU CentralProcessing Unit 中央处理单元CRC CyclicRedundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRCC CRI CyclicRedundancy Check Code循环冗余校验码CROM China RadioInternational 中国国际广播电台CRT Control ReadOnly Memory 控制只读存储器CS Cathode-Ray Tube阴极射线管CSC CommunicationSatellite 通信卫星CSS Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波Center StorageServer 中央存储服务器Content ScramblingSystem 内容加扰系统CSU Channel ServiceUnit 信道业务单元CT ColorTemperature 色温CTC Cassette TapeController 盒式磁带控制器Channel TrafficControl 通道通信量控制Counter TimerCircuit 计数器定时器电路Counter TimerControl 计数器定时器控制CTE CableTermination Equipment线缆终端设备Customer Terminal Equipment 用户终端设备CTV Color Television 彩色电视CVD China Video Disc 中国数字视盘CW Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting 数字音频广播DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库管理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带 Dynamic ContrastControl 动态对比度控制DCT DigitalComponent Technology 数字分量技术Discrete CosineTransform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital ColorTelevision 数字彩色电视DD Direct Drive 直接驱动DDC Direct DigitalControl 直接数字控制DDE Dynamic DataExchange 动态数据交换DDM Data DisplayMonitor 数据显示监视器DES Data ElementaryStream 数据基本码流Data EncryptionStandard 美国数据加密标准DF DispersionFlattened 色散平坦光纤DG DifferentialGain 微分增益DI DigitalInterface 数字接口DITEC DigitalTelevision Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dynamic LinearDrive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation增量调制Digital Modulation数字调制DMB DigitalMultimedia Broadcasting数字多媒体广播DMC Dynamic MotionControl 动态控制DME DigitalMultiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Mastering System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gathering 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输出总线DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOC Drop Out Compensation 失落补偿DOS Disc Operating System 磁盘操作系统DP Differential Phase 微分相位Data Pulse 数据脉冲 DPCM DifferentialPulse Code Modulation差值脉冲编码调制DPL Dolby Pro Logic杜比定向逻辑DSB DigitalSatellite Broadcasting数字卫星广播DSC Digital StudioControl 数字演播室控制DSD Dolby SurroundDigital 杜比数字环绕声DSE Digital SpecialEffect 数字特技DSK Down-Stream Key下游键DSP Digital SignalProcessing 数字信号处理Digital SoundProcessor 数字声音处理器DSS DigitalSatellite System 数字卫星系统DT DigitalTechnique 数字技术Digital Television数字电视Data Terminal 数据终端Data Transmission 数据传输DTB Digital TerrestrialBroadcasting 数字地面广播DTBC Digital Time-BaseCorrector 数字时基校正器DTC Digital TelevisionCamera 数字电视摄像机DTS Digital TheaterSystem 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System数字调谐系统Digital TelevisionStandard 数字电视标准DVB Digital VideoBroadcasting 数字视频广播DVC Digital Video Compression 数字视频压缩DVE Digital VideoEffect 数字视频特技DVS Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播DVTR Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Extension Amplifier 延长放大器EB Electron Beam 电子束EBS Emergency Broadcasting System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcasting Union 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correction 误差校正ECN Emergency Communications Network 应急通信网络 ECS EuropeanCommunication Satellite欧洲通信卫星EDC Error DetectionCode 错误检测码EDE ElectronicData Exchange 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-DopedFiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-DopedFiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit DecisionList 编辑点清单EDTV ExtendedDefinition Television扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted允许误差EFM Eight toFourteen Modulation 8-14调制EFP ElectronicField Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ethernet Hosts以太网主机EIN EquivalentInput Noise 等效输入噪声EIS ElectronicInformation System 电子信息系统EISA ExtendedIndustrial StandardArchitecture 扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Luminescent 场致发光EM Error Monitoring误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electronic NewsGathering 电子新闻采集。
计算机专业英语
UNIT ONE Introduction to Computers470200203Text 1 The Computer System一． Vocabulary(词汇):device：装置cable：电缆instruction：指令terminal：终端hardware：硬件software：软件input：输入output：输出central processing unit(CPU)：中央处理器processor：处理器integrated circuits(IC)：集成电路printed circuit board：印刷电路板memory：存储器application program：应用程序programming language processor：计算机程序语言处理器operating system：操作系统resource：资源utilities(utility programs)：实用程序二． Important sentences(重点句):1．A computer system includes both hardware and software.2．A basic organization of a computer hardware system consists of an input device, an output device, memory and a Central Processing Unit (CPU). 3．Software products may be divided into four basic types: application programs, programming language processors, operating systems, and system utilities.4．Application programs allow you to perform such tasks as solving statistical problems, keeping your company's account books or playing a computer game.5．Programming language processors are programs that support the use of a computer language on a computer system.6．Operating systems are control programs that manage hardware and software resources and enable you to run application programs. 7．System utilities are special programs that enhance the usefulness and capabilities of a computer.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)硬件：hardware(2)软件：software(3)集成电路：integrated circuits(IC)(4)中央处理器：central processing unit(CPU)(5)应用软件：application software(6)应用程序：application program2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(2)、(3).3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)4．Multiple Choice:(1)、C(2)、B(3)、B(4)、BUNIT ONE Introduction to ComputersText 2 System Components of Computers一、 Vocabulary(词汇):component：部件，元件image：图形printer：打印机cabinet：机箱chip：芯片silicon：硅片main memory：主存储器secondary storage：辅助存储器diskette drive：软驱display screen (or monitor)：显示器二． Important sentences(重点句):1．A computer system consists of four basic components : the Central Processing Unit(CPU), memory, input device and output device.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1)计算机系统：computer system(2)主存储器：main memory(3)辅助存储器：secondary storage(4)键盘：keyboard(5)显示器：display screen (or monitor)(6)数据：data2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(2)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(2)、(3)、(4)4．True or False:(1)、F(3)、F(4)、T(5)、FUNIT ONE Introduction to ComputersText 3 The Evolution of Computers一、 Vocabulary(词汇):vacuum tube ：真空管silicon chip ：硅片large-scale ：大规模的integration ：集成chip circuitry ：芯片电路package ：封装auxiliary storage (=external storage or secondary storage) ：辅助存储器data ：数据magnetic disk ：磁盘memory capacity(=storage capacity) ：存储器容量microprocessor ：微处理器multiprogramming ：多道程序设计二、Important sentences(重点句):1． Modern electronic computers didn't appear until the 1940's. Research workers in America produced a working computer in 1946.2． The first-generation of computers were used from 1946 to 1959.They were characterized by the most prominent feature of the ENIAC-vacuum tubes, and were large, costly, expensive to power and often unreliable.3． The second-generation of computers spanned the years from 1959 through to 1964. The most notable change was that transistors replaced vacuum tubes.4． In addition, the second-generation computers were given auxiliary storage, sometimes called external or secondary storage.5． Third generation computers lasted from 1964 to 1971. Thethird-generation is marked chiefly by the development of integrated circuits, which replaced transistors.6． From 1971 to the present, we have fourth-generation computers.三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 电子管：vacuum tube(2) 晶体管：transistor(3) 磁带机：magnetic tape machine(4) 磁盘机：magnetic disk machine(5) 微处理器：microprocessor(6) 大规模集成电路：Large-scale integration circuits2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、 (8)、(9)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(2)、(3)、 (5)、(8)4．Mutiple Choice:(1)、B(2)、C(3)、B、D(4)、BUNIT ONE Introduction to ComputersText 4 Microcomputer Architecture一． Vocabulary(词汇):keyboard ：键盘printer ：打印机plotter ：绘图仪diskette ：软盘execute ：执行screen ：显示屏medium (pl. media) ：媒体，介质system ：系统motherboard ：母板，主板drive ：驱动器memory board ：内存板slot ：插槽bus ：总线bit ：位interface ：接口hard disk ：硬盘二． Important sentences(重点句):1．Most systems are constructed around a motherboard, which is a metal frameword containing a series of slots that are linked through a bus to an 8- or 16-bit processor.2．CPU: It is used to carry out a variety of essential data manipulation and controlling tasks in the heart of the computer.3．Main memory : It contains the programs the CPU is currently executing and the data these programs are operating on.4．Mass storage devices: The hard disk, floppy disk and magnetic tape drives are called mass storage devices, which hold data for long-term storage.5．Input/Output devices: The keyboard, CRT display (monitor), printer and XY-plotter are referred to as input/output devices.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 微型计算机：microcomputer(2) 母板：motherboard(3) 插槽：slot(4) 接口：interface(5) 硬盘驱动器：hard disk drive(6) 软盘驱动器：floppy disk drive2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(2)、(3)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(1)、 (3)、(4)、 (6)、 (8)4．Multiple Choice:(1)、Looking from outside, a microcomputer consists of a case, a keyboard,a monitor and a printer.(2)、To boot up a computer , you can either do a warm boot or a cold boot.(3)、The computer can use the binary number system to represent any character. By far, ASCII developed in USA, is the most widely used code.(4)、The main memory in a computer consists of RAM and ROM.(5)、A microcomputer has at least 640 kbytes of memory. 1 kbyte consists of 1024 bytes.UNIT ONE Introduction to ComputersText 5 Computer Viruses一、 Vocabulary(词汇):format ：格式化shell ：壳，外壳modify ：修改insert ：插入，嵌入extension ：扩展名version ：版本computer virus ：计算机病毒sector ：扇区intrusive virus ：入侵病毒RAM (Random Access Memory) ：随机存储器RAM-resident program ：内存驻留程序operating system virus ：操作系统病毒boot up ：引导shell virus ：外壳病毒source code virus ：源码病毒device driver ：设备驱动程序source program ：源程序host program ：主程序compile ：编译worm virus ：蠕虫病毒macro virus ：宏病毒二． Important sentences(重点句):1．Computer viruses are small programs designed to replicate (make exact copies of themselves) and spread, sometimes without giving any sign that they exist.2．Computer viruses can be classified by how they infect a system. There are four main types of viruses : shell , intrusive, operating system, and source code.3．Shell viruses wrap themselves around a host program and do not modify the original program code.4．Intrusive viruses invade an existing program and actually insert a portion of their code into the host program.5．Operating system viruses work by replacing parts of the operating system with their own logic.6．Source code viruses are intrusive programs that are inserted into a source program such as those written in Pascal prior to the program being compiled.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 病毒：virus(2) 恶性病毒：malicious virus(3) 外壳病毒：shell virus(4) 源代码：source code(5) 设备驱动程序：device driver(6) 传播：spread2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(2)、(5)、(8)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(2)、(5)4．Multiple Choice :(1)、 A、C (注：现在的杀毒软件一般都具备病毒防火墙的功能)(2)、 C5．True or False:(1)、F(2)、F (注：如1999年4月26日爆发的CIH病毒就会烧毁主板或是硬盘) UNIT ONE Introduction to ComputersText 6 Multimedia Technology一、 Vocabulary(词汇):animation ：动画，动画片video ：视频audio ：声频compact disk ：光盘mouse ：鼠标器sound board ：声卡mixer ：混声器throughput ：吞吐率multimedia ：多媒体graphics ：图形optical storage ：光存储image processing ：图像处理CD-ROM drive ：光盘驱动器MPC (multimedia personal computer) ：多媒体个人电脑parallel ：并行serial ：串行joystick port ：游戏操纵杆控制端口VGA (Video Graphics Array) ：视频图形阵列(显示卡)resolution ：分辨率二、Important sentences(重点句):1． Multimedia, which typically refers to a synthesis of graphics,animation, optical storage, image processing, and sound, is not a single technology, product, or market.2． MPC stands for "multimedia personal computer".3． The requirements for an MPC are described in detail in Microsoft's Multimedia PC Specification Version 1.0.三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 多媒体：multimedia(2) 图形：graphics(3) 视频：video(4) 图像处理：image processing(5) 动画：animation(6) 光盘：compact disk3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(1)、(3)、(4)、(7)、(8)4．Answer the following questions briefly:(2)、OA(4)、A byte consist of 8 bits.(5)、In 1946, the first computer in the world ENIAC was developed. UNIT ONE Introduction to ComputersText 7 Compact Disk - Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)一． Vocabulary(词汇):digital ：数字的access ：存取laser ：激光reserve ：重新写入compact disk ：密集盘optical disk ：(=compact disk)光盘video player ：影像光盘机programmed search ：程序搜索memory facility ：记忆功能telephone directory ：电话簿postal address ：邮政地址二． Important sentences(重点句):1．New programs and data are 'burnt' onto the disc surface by a powerful laser.2．To read the information, a weaker laser is passed over the surface andthe reflected distortion from the dips forms the data which can be used for 'playback'.3．There are two types (standards) of optical disks :CD-I and CD-ROM.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 激光：laser(2) 英寸：inch(3) 只读存储器：ROM (Read Only Memory)(4) 搜索：search(5) 记忆：memory(6) 存取：access2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(1)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(8)4．Answer the following questions briefly::(1)、What devices are usually used as secondary memory?Answer: hard disk, floppy disk, optical disk, magnetic tape(2)、What three categories do computer languages generally fall into? Answer: machine languages, assembly languages and high-level languages.(3)、What is the acronym for a double density diskette?Answer: DD(4)、How many bytes does a 'word' in the computer consist of ? Answer: 1,2,4 or more bytes.UNIT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 1 The Central Processing Unit(CPU)一、Vocabulary(词汇):manufacturer ：制造商performance ：性能megahertz(MHz) ：兆赫nanoseconds (ns) ：纳秒overclocking ：超频warranty ：保修upgrade ：升级configuration ：配置，设置microcomputer ：微型计算机arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) ：算术/逻辑部件(运算器)instruction counter ：指令计数器decoder ：译码器super-mini-computers ：超级小型机numerically coded instruction ：数字化编码的指令high-speed storage ：高速存储器primary storage ：(=main memory) 主存储器microprocessor-CPU based systems ：以微处理器为CPU的基本系统video-arcade game ：电子游戏digital TV ：数字电视二． Important sentences(重点句):1．The operations of a computer system are controlled by the CPU, which contains an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), an instruction counter and a decoder.2．The speed at which the CPU operates is called the clock speed and is measured in megahertz(MHz).3．A clock cycle is the time that the CPU takes to perform instructions at a given clock speed.4．The CPU can operate at two different clock speeds : an internal speed for operations within the CPU, and an external speed for transferring data into and out of the CPU.5．Overclocking is a term generally used to describe how you have increased the clock frequency on your board to run your system at a higher speed. 6．Microprocessors have come a long way since 1971 when the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004, was developed.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 电子元件：electronic component(2) 算术逻辑单元：arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)(3) 硅片：silicon chip(4) 指令计数器：instruction counter(5) 时钟速度：clock speed(6) 译码器：decoder2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(3) 、(4)、(8)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(4)、(5) 、(6)、(7)4．Answer the following questions briefly:(2) To which generation do the present-day computers belong? Answer: The fourth generation.UNIT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 2 Memory一、Vocabulary(词汇):account ：银行户头generate ：产生，建立subscriber ：订户word ：字overwrite ：覆盖二、Important sentences(重点句):1． The microcomputer's memory consists of main memory and secondary storage.2． The main memory of most computers is composed of random access memory (RAM) .3． Main memory on the computer is used to store instructions and data temporarily while the instructions are being executed and data are being processed.三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 随机存储器：Random Access Memory (RAM)(2) 只读存储器：Read Only Memory (ROM)(3) 主存储器：main memory(4) 辅助存储器：secondary storage(5) 标签：label(6) 指令：instruction2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(3)、(4)、(9)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(1)、(4)、(7)4．Multiple Choice:(1)、 B(2)、 B(3)、 B(4)、 AUNIT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 3 The System Buses一、Vocabulary(词汇):origin ：起点destination ：终点address ：寻址byte ：字节nibble ：半字节address-bus ：地址总线register ：寄存器control-bus ：控制总线ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) ：工业标准结构EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) ：扩展工业标准结构MCA (Micro Channel Architecture) ：微通道结构expansion bus ：扩展总线adapter ：适配器peripheral ：外部设备faxmodem (or modem) ：调制解调器graphics adapter ：图形适配器NIC (Network Interface Card) ：网络接口卡SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) ：小型计算机系统接口data bus ：数据总线data width ：数据宽度external speed ：外部速度VESA (Video Electronic Standards Association) ：视频电子标准协会PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) ：外围部件互连USB (Universal Serial Bus) ：通用串行总线二． Important sentences(重点句):1．The data bus transmits data between these units.2．The address bus is used to select the origin or destination of signals transmitted through one of the other buses.3．Traditionally, a standard address bus has 16 lines, that is to say, it can address 64 KB devices (1 KB =1024 in computer jargon ). 4．The control-bus is used for the synchronization of the system. 5．Memory is logically organized into words6．8 bits are called a byte, 4 bits a nibble; there is no other specific word for other sizes of words.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) data bus(2) address-bus(3) control-bus(4) transmit data(5) register(6) address unit2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(8)、(9)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(2)、(3)、(4)4．Put in the missing words:(1)、A computer has two kinds of memory, called main memory and secondary memory.(2)、The most common microcomputer secondary storage medium is floppy disk and hard disk.(3)、In the computer, a byte consists of eight bits, representing 256 unique binary numbers.UNIT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 5 Floppy Disks一、Vocabulary(词汇):mainframe computer ：主机double density ：倍密度high density ：高密度extended-density ：扩展密度track density ：磁道密度read/write head ：读/写头read/write slot ：读/写槽口二． Important sentences(重点句):1．In 1972, IBM introduced flexible diskettes as a medium for loading programs into mainframe computers. Because the disks were so flexible, they were nicknamed floppy disk.2．Floppy disks , also called diskettes, are available in two size : 3.5 and 5.25 inches.3．Lower-capacity disk drives cannot read from and write to high-capacity disks.4．Floppy disk drivers are commonly referred to as the A drive and the B drive.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) floppy disk drive(2) medium(3) density(4) track(5) kilobyte(6) read/write head2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(3) 、(4)、(9)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(2)、(6)、(8)UNIT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 6 Hard Disks一、 Vocabulary(词汇):gigabyte ：千兆字节，吉字节actuation arm ：存取臂access arm ：存取臂magnetic oxide material ：磁氧化材料cylinder ：柱面head ：磁头cylinder approach ：柱面操作方式二、Important sentences(重点句):1． Hard disks store data on rigid aluminum or ceramic platters, coated with a magnetic oxide material.2． Cylinders are concentric regions on the hard disk platter with cylinder 0 usually located at the outer edge.3． Cylinder numbers start at zero, so if your hard disk has 900 cylinders, they will be numbered from 0 - 899.4． The heads of a hard disk are used to read and write data.5． Head numbers start at zero, so if your drive has 9 heads, they will be numbered from 0 - 8.6． A sector is the smallest physically addressable unit of storage on a hard disk.7． Sector numbers start at one , so if your drive has 17 sectors on a track, they will be numbered from 1 to 17.三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 柱面：cylinder(2) 存取：access(3) 扇区：sector(4) 硬盘：hard disk(5) 千兆字节：gigabyte(6) 兆字节：megabyte2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(4)、(8)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(4)、(6) 、 (7)、(8)4．True/False?(1)、Formatting erases all data on the disk.Answer: True(2)、A 360 KB floppy disk can store approximately 360,000 binary-coded Chinese characters.Answer: False(3)、A write-protected floppy disk cannot possibly carry a virus. Answer: False(4)、A floppy disk is an essential peripheral device; without which a computer cannot operate.Answer: FalseUNIT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 10 The Keyboard一、Vocabulary(词汇):keypad ：(数字键盘上的)小键punctuation ：标点符号character key ：字母键function key ：功能键numeric key ：数字键upper-case character ：大写字母lower-case character ：小写字母configure ：配置code sequence ：代码序列default code ：缺省代码auxiliary port ：辅助端口(AUX端口)carriage return ：回车linefeed ：换行space character ：空格ASCII ：American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息互换标准代码二． Important sentences(重点句):1．A computer keyboard is so responsive that you can type using a light touch.2．The keys on the keyboard can be divided into three functional groups, known as the Character Keys, Function Keys, and Numeric Keys (on the keypad).3．The Function Keys are used to modify the operation of the terminal. 4．The Numeric Key Pad allows numbers to be entered in the same way you would use a calculator.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 键盘：keyboard(2) 大写字母：upper-case character(3) 功能键：function key(4) 打字机：typewriter(5) 回车：carriage return(6) 速率：speed2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(3)、(4)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)4．Put in the missing words:(1)、Using DOS commands, you can type English letters either in( upper-case or lower-case). They will have the same effect either way.(2)、In a 24*24 dot matrix display , ( 72 ) bytes are used to represent the image of a Chinese character.(3)、The hexadecimal equivalent of decimal 53 is ( 35 ).UNIT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 11 Color Monitors一、Vocabulary(词汇):convergence ：聚集cabinet ：机壳outlet ：电源插座contrast ：对比度display tube ：显像管vertical/horizontal synchronization ：场/行同步output level ：输出电平analog ：模拟量video analog ：视频模拟TTL (transistor-transistor logic) ：晶体管－晶体管逻辑（电路）AC (alternating current) ：交流电max. (maximum) ：最大值min. (minimum) ：最小值female connector ：连接插座scanning frequency ：扫描频率H(Horizontal)-Phase ：行相位vertical-size ：场幅补充词汇：CRT(Cathode-Ray Tube) display ：阴级射线管显示器LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) ：液晶显示器plasma display ：等离子显示器二． Important sentences(重点句):1．The display area can be moved left or right (horizontally) by rotating the H-phase Control knob.2．The display can be moved up or down (vertically) by rotating the V-size Control knob三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 显示器：display /monitor(2) 显像管：display tube(3) 输出电平：output level(4) 扫描频率：scanning frequency(5) 场同步：vertical synchronization(6) 聚集：convergence2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(2)、(3) 、(10)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(2)、(5)、(6)UNIT TWO Hardware and ConfigurationText 12 Printers一、 Vocabulary(词汇):humidity ：湿度parallel ：并行的compatible ：兼容机bubble jet printer ：喷墨打印机magnetic field ：磁场parallel interface ：并行接口interface cable ：接口电缆补充词汇：stylus printer ：针式打印机ink jet printer ：喷墨打印机laser printer ：激光打印机二、Important sentences(重点句):1． Most microcomputer printers print one character at a time, usually at rates ranging from approximately 30 to 180 characters per second. 2． A more reasonable approach is to use a line printer which, as the name implies, prints an entire line at one time instead of character by character.3． Even greater speed can be obtained by using a page printer to churn out complete pages at one time.三、Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 行式打印机：line printer(2) 喷墨打印机：bubble jet printer/ ink jet printer(3) 并行接口：parallel interface(4) 工作环境：operating environment(5) 磁场：magnetic field(6) 接口电缆：interface cable2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(3)、(4)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(1)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(8)UNIT THREE Operating SystemsText 1 The Computer Operating System一、Vocabulary(词汇):time scale ：时段abstraction ：抽象program module ：程序模块operational software (= operating system software) ：操作系统软件logical gate ：逻辑门hierarchy ：多层次等级制listener program ：收听器程序disk head (= head or read/write head ) 读/写头二． Important sentences(重点句):1．The operating system is a collection of program modules that control and manage the system's hardware as well as its software resources, thus enabling you to run application programs on it.2．Operating systems are normally unique to their manufacturers and the hardware in which they are run.3．An operating system spans the entire range of complexity found in a computer system.4．The basic idea is to create a hierarchy of levels of abstraction so that at any level, the operating system module can ignore the details of what is going on at all lower levels.补充内容：主要操作系统软件制造商及其产品：（1） Microsoft Corporation (微软公司) : MS-DOS, Windows 3.2,Windows 9X 系列(Windows 95, Windows 97, Windows98, Windows 98 SE(Second Edition), Windows 98 ME(Millennium Edition))，Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP 等（2） Unix操作系统：IBM (International Business Machines Corporation 国际商用机器公司): PC DOS, z/OS, AIX, OS/400, VM/ESA等SUN ( Standford University Network ) Microsystems (SUN 微系统公司) :Solaris（3） Apple Computer, Inc.（苹果公司）：Mac OS（4） Novell, Inc (Novell公司)：Netware系列（5） Linux操作系统(自由软件)：Red Hat, Inc.（红帽子公司）：Red Hat LinuxRedflag Software Co.,Ltd.（北京中科红旗软件技术有限公司）：红旗Linux Xteam Software (China) Co. Ltd.( Xteam(中国)软件技术有限公司)：XteamLinux中文版.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 操作系统：operating system(2) 应用软件：application software(3) 程序模块：program module(4) 策略：strategy(5) 软件资源：software resource(6) 隔绝：insulate2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(4)、(6)、(10)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(1)、 (3)、(4)、 (5)、(6)4．Answer the following questions briefly:(3)、What is the basic unit for measuring the storage capacity of a computer system?Answer: ByteUNIT THREE Operating SystemsText 2 Disk Operating System - MS-DOS一、Vocabulary(词汇):nucleus ：核心interface ：联系，接口acronym ：首字词command processor ：命令处理程序routine ：例行程序hardware-independent ：不依赖于硬件的device-dependent ：依赖于设备的programming code ：程序代码programming logic ：编程逻辑conventional memory ：常规内存transient module ：过渡模块二． Important sentences(重点句):1．The nucleus of microcomputer is its Operating System.2．The Operating System monitors and controls all input/output and processing activities within a computer system.3．DOS is an acronym for Disk Operating System.4．The best known Disk Operating System is MS-DOS, developed by Microsoft Corporation for the IBM-PC and compatible machines.三． Exercises(练习及参考答案):1．Translate the following words and expressions into English.(1) 核心：nucleus(2) 实用程序：utility program(3) 监督：monitor(4) 微软公司：Microsoft Corporation(5) 控制：control(6) 任选项：any option2．Translate the following screen messages into Chinese.(1)、(2) 、(7)3．Translate the following Windows 95 and DOS7.0 screen messages into Chinese:(1)、(3)、(6)4．Multiple Choice:(1)、__________ controls and manages the system's hardware and software resources, thus enabling a user to use his computer conveniently and efficiently.A． Application softwareB． Operating system softwareC． A text editing or word processing programD． Translator softwareAnswer: BUNIT THREE Operating SystemsText 9 Windows Modes and Basic Elements一、 Vocabulary(词汇):multitasking ：执行多任务的Graphical User Interface (GUI) ：用户图形接口icon ：图标scroll bar ：滚动棒dialog box ：对话框multimedia extension ：多媒体扩展protected mode ：保护模式real mode ：实模式enhanced mode ：增强模式program manager ：程序管理器modem ：调制解调器file manager ：文件管理器补充：resource manager ：资源管理器二、Important sentences(重点句):1． Microsoft Windows is a descendant of MS－DOS and an extension to MS-DOS developed by Microsoft.2． Windows provides a graphical user interface and standard methods for switching among applications, file and program management, windowing, icons, pull-down menus, scroll-bars and dialog boxes ( temporary windows) . 3． Windows is a multitasking operating system and has several advantages over MS-DOS.4． Microcomputers that use the Intel family of CPUS can run in two modes: protected mode and real mode.5． Windows runs in protected mode, but you can also choose to run it in two other modes: 386 enhanced mode and standard mode.6． When working in Windows, your main work area is the desktop.7． File Manager is a tool you can use to organize the files and directories in your computer.8． In File Manager, your files and directories are displayed in a directory window which is split into two parts : the left half displays the directory tree, and the right half displays the contents of the current directory.。
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I n t e g r a t e d_C i r c u i t s(集成电路)电子信息类专业英语、计算机类专业英语文章集成电路集成电路数字逻辑和电子电路由称为晶体管的电子开关得到它们的（各种）功能。
粗略地说，晶体管好似一种电子控制阀，由此加在阀一端的能量可以使能量在另外两个连接端之间流动。
通过多个晶体管的组合就可以构成数字逻辑模块，如与门和触发电路等。
而晶体管是由半导体构成的。
查阅大学化学书中的元素周期表，你会查到半导体是介于金属与非金属之间的一类元素。
它们之所以被叫做半导体是由于它们表现出来的性质类似于金属和非金属。
可使半导体像金属那样导电，或者像非金属那样绝缘。
通过半导体和少量其它元素的混合可以精确地控制这些不同的电特性，这种混合技术称之为“半导体掺杂”。
半导体通过掺杂可以包含更多的电子（N型）或更少的电子（P型）。
常用的半导体是硅和锗，N型硅半导体掺入磷元素，而P型硅半导体掺入硼元素。
不同掺杂的半导体层形成的三明治状夹层结构可以构成一个晶体管，最常见的两类晶体管是双极型晶体管（BJT）和场效应晶体管（FET），图 2.1给出了它们的图示。
图中给出了这些晶体管的硅结构，以及它们用于电路图中的符号。
BJT是NPN晶体管，因为由N—P—N掺杂硅三层构成。
当小电流注入基极时，可使较大的电流从集电极流向发射极。
图示的FET是N沟道的场效应型晶体管，它由两块被P型基底分离的N型组成。
将电压加在绝缘的栅极上时，可使电流由漏极流向源极。
它被叫做N沟道是因为栅极电压诱导基底上的N通道，使电流能在两个N区域之间流动。
另一个基本的半导体结构是二极管，由N型和P型硅连接而成的结组成。
二极管的作用就像一个单向阀门，由于电流只能从P流向N。
可以构建一些特殊二极管，在加电压时可以发光，这些器件非常合适地被叫做发光二极管或LED。
这种小灯泡数以百万计地被制造出来，有各种各样的应用，从电话机到交通灯。
半导体材料上制作晶体管或二极管所形成的小芯片用塑料封装以防损伤和被外界污染。
在这封装里一些短线连接半导体夹层和从封装内伸出的插脚以便与（使用该晶体管的）电路其余部分连接。
一旦你有了一些分立的晶体管，直接用电线将这些器件连线在一起就可以构建数字逻辑（电路）。
电路会工作，但任何实质性的数字逻辑（电路）都将十分庞大，因为要在各种逻辑门中每实现一种都需要多个晶体管。
1947年，John Bardeen、Walter Brattain和and William Shockley发明晶体管的时候。
将多个晶体管组装在一个电路上的唯一方法就是购买多个分离的晶体管，将它们连在一起。
1959年，Jack Kilby 和 Robert Noyce各自独立地发明了一种将多个晶体管做在同一片半导体材料上的方法。
这个发明就是集成电路，或IC，是我们现代电脑化世界的基础。
集成电路之所以被这样命名，是因为它将多个晶体管和二极管集成到同一块小的半导体芯片上。
IC包含按照形成电路所要求的拓扑结构连在一起的许多小元件，而无需再将分立元件的导线焊接起来。
去除了塑料或陶瓷封装后，一个典型的集成电路就是每一边2mm至15mm的方形或矩形硅片。
根据制造集成电路的技术水平的不同，在这种小片上可能有几十个到几百万个晶体管，电子器件这种令人惊异的密度表明那些晶体管以及连接它们线是极其微小的。
集成电路的尺寸是以微米为单位测量的，1微米是1米的百万分之一。
作为参照，一根人的头发其直径大约为100微米。
一些现代集成电路包含的元件和连线，是以小到0.1微米的增量来测量的。
每年研究人员和工程师都在寻找新的方法来不断减小这些元件的大小，以便在同样面积的硅片上集成更多的晶体管，如图2.2所示。
在集成电路的设计和制造过程中，常用两种主要晶体管技术是：双极和金属氧化物半导体（MOS）。
双极工艺生产出来的是BJT（双极型晶体管），而MOS工艺生产出来的是FET（场效应晶体管）。
在20世纪80年代以前更常用的集成电路是双极逻辑，但是此后MOS技术在数字逻辑集成电路中占据了大多数。
N沟道FET是采用NMOS工艺生产的，而P沟道FET是采用PMOS工艺生产的。
到了20世纪80年代，互补MOS即CMOS成为占主导地位的加工技术，并且延续至今。
CMOS集成电路包含了NMOS和PMOS两种晶体管。
专用集成电路（ASIC）专用集成电路（ASIC）是为了特殊应用而定制的集成电路，而不是通用的。
比如，一片仅被设计用于运行蜂窝式电话的芯片是专用集成电路（ASIC）。
相比之下，7400与4000系列集成电路是可以用导线连接的逻辑构建模块，适用于各种不同的应用。
随着逐年来特征尺寸的缩小和设计工具的改进，ASIC中的最大复杂度从5000个门电路增长到了1亿个门电路，因而功能也有极大的提高。
现代ASIC 常包含32位处理器，包括ROM、RAM、EEPROM、Flash等存储器，以及其它大规模组件。
这样的ASIC经常被称为SoC（片上系统）。
数字ASIC的设计者们使用硬件描述语言（HDL），比如Verilog或VHDL语言来描述ASIC的功能。
现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）是7400系列和面包板的现代版，它包括可编程逻辑块和可编程的模块之间的相互连接，使得相同的FPGA能够用于许多不同的场合。
对于较小规模的设计或（与）小批量生产，FPGA可能比ASIC设计有更高的成本效率。
不能循坏的工程费用（建立工厂生产特定ASIC的成本）可能会达到数十万美元。
专用集成电路这一通用名词也包括FPGA，但是大多数设计者仅将ASIC用于非现场可编程的器件，将ASIC和FPGA两者区别开来。
历史最初的ASIC使用门阵列技术。
Ferranti在1980年左右制作了也许是第一片门阵列，ULA（自由逻辑阵列）。
通过改变金属互相连接掩模产生了定制。
ULA有多至几千个门电路的复杂度。
之后的版本变得更通用，有适应用户的包含金属和多层硅的不同基底，有些基底包括RAM单元。
标准单元设计在20世纪80年代中期，一个设计者要选择一家ASIC制造商，并用制造商提供的设计工具完成他们的设计工作。
尽管有第三方设计工具，但第三方设计工具和不同的ASIC制造商的布线以及实际半导体工艺过程的性能之间却缺乏有效的联系。
大多数的设计者最终使用工厂特制的工具来完成他们的设计。
解决这个问题的一个方法是实现标准元件，这一问题也带来了更高密度的器件。
每个ASIC制造商都可创造他们自己的具有已知电性能的功能块，如传播延迟器、电容、电感，这些都可以用第三方工具来表示（实现）。
标准单元设计就是利用这些功能块来实现很高的门密度以及良好的电性能。
标准单元设计使门阵列和全定制设计之间在一次性投入的工程费用和循环元件成本方面相互适应。
直到80年代后期，逻辑综合工具，比如设计编译器，开始向广大设计者提供。
这些工具能够将HDL描述语言编译成门级的网表。
这就使得称作标准单元设计的设计方法成为可能。
标准单元集成电路的设计过程在概念上需经过以下几个过程，但事实上在实际生产中这些工序都有较大的重叠。
以工业界普通的熟练水平实现的这些步骤几乎总是产生能正确实现原设计的最终器件，除非后来在物理制造过程中引入了缺陷。
设计工程师团队开始工作于对新的ASIC所要求功能的非正式理解，这通常来自于需求分析。
*设计团队构建对ASIC芯片的描述并使用HDL语言实现这些目标。
这一过程可类比于用高级语言编写计算机程序。
这一过程常被称为RTL（寄存器传送级）设计。
*仿真验证目标的合适性。
利用例如Virtutech’s Simics工具，用软件构建的虚拟系统能以高达每秒数十亿条模拟指令的速度来模拟ASIC的功能。
*逻辑综合工具，比如设计编译器，将RTL设计转换成称为标准单元的较低层结构的集合。
这些构成的元素是从一个标准单元库中得到的，这个库由事先规定好的门电路集合构成，例如2输入或非门，2输入与非门，非门等等。
有计划的ASIC制造商有其特定的标准单元。
所产生的所有标准单元，加上连接他们所需要的导线称为门级网表。
*接着，门级网表由布局工具进行处理，将标准单元布局在代表最终ASIC 的区域。
努力寻找一种标准单元的布局服从各种规定的约束。
有时，先进的技术比如模拟退火被用来优化布局。
*路由工具获取标准单元的物理布局，并利用网表来创建它们之间的电连接。
由于搜索空间很大，该过程将产生满足充分条件的解，而不是全局最优解。
这个过程的输出是一套光掩模使半导体制造产生实物的IC。
*接下来是对最终延时、寄生电阻和电容以及能量消耗的周全的评估。
对于数字电路，这将被进一步对应为延迟信息，这些评估将用于最后一轮的测试。
这一测试表明器件将在所有极端的过程、电压、温度下正常工作。
当这项测试完成时，光掩模信息将被公布用于芯片制造。
这些设计步骤（或流程）对于标准产品设计同样适用。
重要的差别在于标准单元设计使用制造商的单元库，这些库已用于数以百计的其它设计实现，因而比起全定制设计来风险小得多。
门阵列设计门阵列设计是一种制造方法，事先定义好扩散层（晶体管和其它有源器件），包含这些器件的晶片在金属化之前被库存，就是说先不进行联接。
然后在物理设计过程中定义最终设计的连接。
对设计者来说重要的是，ASIC相比在市场上可提供的FPGA解决方案，能达到最小的传播延时。
门阵列ASIC是一种折中方案，因为将某一给定的设计与制造商库存的晶片相对应总是不可能达到100%利用率的。
现在电路设计者已经很少采用纯粹的逻辑门阵列设计，而几乎都代之以FPGA之类的现场可编程器件了。
这些器件可由用户编程，使工具作业费用最低，以略为提高的零件价格获得可比的性能。
现在门阵列正在发展为结构化ASIC，其中包含很大的IP内核，如处理器、DSP单元、外围设备、标准接口、集成SRAM存储器、以及一组可重新设置的未确定功能的逻辑单元。
这种转变很大程度上是因为ASIC器件能够集成大量的系统功能模块，以及片上系统所要求的（功能）比仅仅逻辑单元多得多。
全定制设计全定制设计的优点通常包括减小的面积，性能的改进，以及能集成模拟元件和其它预先设计的元件比如构成片上系统的微处理器核。
缺点包括增加的制造和设计时间，增加的不可循环工程成本，更复杂的CAD系统，和对设计团队熟练程度高得多的要求。
但对于纯数字设计来说，“标准单元”库与现代CAD 系统一起，可以低风险提供相当大的性能/价格优势。
自动布局工具使用起来快速且简单，也提供了对设计的性能限制进行人工优化的可能性。
结构化设计结构化ASIC设计是一个不明确的表达，在不同的上下文中有不同的意义。
在工业界这是一个相对新的术语，这也是为什么在它的定义上有一些不同。
不过结构化ASIC的基本前提是，由于有事先定义的金属层和事先规定了硅片上包含的内容，制造周期和设计周期相对于基于单元的ASIC都有所减少。