18-19 Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——被动语态

Section ⅢGrammar——被动语态

[语境自主领悟]

一、语态的概念

英语中动词有主动语态(Active V oice)和被动语态(Passive V oice)之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就用被动语态。

Our English teacher encouraged Mary.

我们英语老师鼓励了玛丽。

Mary was encouraged by our English teacher.

玛丽受到了我们英语老师的鼓励。

上面第一句中的动词encouraged是主动语态；第二句中的动词was encouraged是被动语态。

二、被动语态的基本构成形式

被动语态的基本结构是：“助动词be/get＋及物动词的过去分词”。

被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表：

残疾人在我们国家受到尊敬。

Tom's legs were badly injured in an accident last year.

在去年的一次事故中，汤姆的双腿严重受伤。

A presentation will be given on the new products.

将会有一场关于新产品的介绍会。

Besides，many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.

此外，大量的海洋生物正被捕捞船赶尽杀绝。

The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meeting room.

当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。

The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

那个消息一到就会被传达给那个士兵的妈妈。

Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.

几年来已经有好几个类似理论相继被提出。

But to our surprise，the next morning，we were told that the money had been stolen.

但令我们吃惊的是，第二天早上，我们被告知那些钱被偷了。

[即时训练1]用所给词的适当形式填空

①I was given(give)a new book on my last birthday.

②The room had been cleaned(clean)before we came.

③The physics lesson will be taught (teach)in the lab tomorrow.

④The flowers are being watered(water)by them now.

⑤The giant panda is loved(love)by people throughout the world.

⑥We won't start the work until all the preparationshave been made(make)．

三、被动语态的特殊结构形式

1．情态动词(may，might，can，could，should，ought to，must)＋be＋过去分词，构成被动语态。

Nowadays，solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries.

现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。

A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.一种真正的成就感和幸福感可以被感觉到。

The pollution must be stopped.

必须停止污染。

2．使役动词和感官动词的被动语态

(1)在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上to。get，leave，cause等使役动词的宾语补足语是带to的不定式，变为被动语态时该不定式不变。

My father made me stay up late to finish my homework.(表示主动)

I was made to stay up late to finish my homework by my father.(表示被动)

(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

His mother gave him a present for his birthday.

→He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。

3．短语动词的被动语态

短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。

It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.

据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡建起来。