秦荻辉科技英语写作教程练习答案
科技英语写作教程习题答案
练习二
Ⅳ. 段落翻译 ⑴变压器的初级绕组是馈有交变电流的线圈，而次级绕 组是通过变化的磁通传给有功率的线圈。初级和次级 的名称只取决于变压器连接的方式；任一个绕组均可 是初级，于是另一个就是次级了。 译文：The primary winding of a transformer is the coil which is fed with an alternating current, and [或： while] the secondary winding is the coil to which power is transferred via the changing flux. The designations of the primary and the secondary depends only on how the transformer is connected; either winding may be the primary, and the other is then the secondary.
练习一
Ⅱ. 单句翻译
④ 能写成以下形式的方程被称为含有一个未知数的线性 方程。 译文：An equation which can be written in the following form is known as a linear equation in one unknown. ⑤ 在计算机中，趋势是以尽可能高的时钟速率工作。 译文：In a computer, the tendency is to operate at as high a clock rate as possible. ⑥ 该电容器上的电压为零点零几伏 译文: The voltage across this capacitor is a few hundredths of a volt.
秦荻辉_科技英语习题以与答案
练习1I、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中有些冠词的特殊位置：1. In this case the current （电流）exists for only half the cycle （周期）2. In such a case there is no current flowing in the circuit （电路）3. Sensitivity （灵敏度）is a measure of how small a signal （信号）a receiver（接收机）can pick up and amplify （放大）to a level useful for com muni cati ons.4. emay be as small a positive con sta nt as you please.5. Even so fundamental a dimension（量纲）as time was measured extremely crudely with sand and water clocks hundreds of years ago.6. Nonlinear distortion （非线性失真）can be caused by too large an input signal.7. The method used is quite an effective one.8. A series （级数）solution of this kind of problem allows as close a calculation of the error as needed.II、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中" and”和"or”的确切含义：1. Air has weight and occupies space.2. In this way less collector dissipation （集电极功耗）results, and the efficiency increases.3. We can go one step farther and take into account the nonzero slope of the actual curves.4. Try hard, and you will work the nut （螺母）loose.5. The first step in analyzing a physical situation is to select those aspects of it which are essential and disregard the others.6. This satellite was used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.7. Some physical quantities require only a magnitude and a unit to be completely specified. Thus it is sufficient to say that the mass of a man is 85 kg, that the area of a farm is 160 acres, that the frequency of a sound wave is 660 cycles/sec, and that a light bulb consumes electric energy at the rate of 100 watts.8. Geothermal energy, or energy from within the earth, can be used to generate electricity.9. The current in a capacitor （电容器）leads （导前）the voltage by 90o, or, the voltage lags the current by 90o.10. The message is a logical unit of user data, control data, or both.III 、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中分数和倍数的正确译法：1. By varying V BE only a few hundredths of a volt, the base current （基极电流）can be changed significantly.2. The standard meter is accurate to about two parts in one billion.3. Cromatographic （层析的）techniques have been developed to detect air pollutants at concentrations （浓度）of one part per million or less.4. The volume coefficient （体膨胀系数）of a solid is almost exactly three times its linear coefficient.5. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.6. The wavele ngth of this musical n ote （音符）is7.8 ft, over three times Ion ger tha n thewavelength of the same note in air （2.5 ft）.7. This causes the collector current （集电极电流）to change by a factor of approximately 38. This factor （因子）is now equal to 9, a reduction by a factor of 11.IV、将下列句子译成英语：1、火箭是由金属制成的。
科技英语写作高级教程参考答案完整
练习1II冠词1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.（Emmet博士2001年毕业于哈弗大学）2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’anUniversity of Technology in 1988.（李教授1998年在西安理工大学获得机械工程博士学位）3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.（现在我们转向（turnto）讨论一下局域网）4.The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the opticalspectrometer.（质谱仪是与光谱仪一样重要的仪器）5.How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment?（做这个实验需要多长时间？）6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.（压力的增加总会引起体积的减少）7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).（图（2-5）画出了式（2-2）所表示的情况）8.The unit of inductance is the henry.（电感的单位是亨利）III、改错1.The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure.（UASMA协议采用了独特的帧结构）2.Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.（最后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器）3.Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharingsystem（先应秘密共享系统安全性的动态分析和评估）4.The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with anarbitrary profile.（该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒）5.We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.（我们提出了一种基于牛顿地带发的数值方法）练习21. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.（该电路是由一个电池、一个电感器和一个电容器组成）2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.（试计算在a、b、c三点处的电场。
《科技英语》课后习题答案
Main Content: UNIT 1 MATHEMATICSI.Text OrganizationParts ParagraphsMain IdeasPart One Paras. 1-3 Game theory can be defined as the science ofstrategy which studies both pure conflicts(zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperativeforms.Part Two Paras.4-11 There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential-move game and simultaneous-move game.Part Three Paras.12-19The typical examples of game theory are givenas the basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves,bargaining, concealing and revealinginformation.Part Four Para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded inillustrating strategies in situations ofconflict and cooperation and it will focus onthe design of successful strategy in future. nguage PointsThe games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. (Para.1)Paraphrase: The games it (game theory) studies extends from chess to child bringing-up and from tennis to handovers.range: v. to vary between limits, extend, run in a linee.g. (1) The price ranges from $ 30 to $ 80. (2) The boundary ranges from north to south.takeover: n. the act or an instance of assuming control or management of or responsibility for sth. 接收、接管e.g. The economy of Hongkong goes well after its takeover. Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John von Neumann. (Para.2)pioneer: v. to be a pioneer; to originate (course of action etc., followed later by others)e.g. The new treatment for cancer was pioneered by the experts of state hospital.pioneer: n. original investigator of subject or explorer or settler; initiator of enterprisee.g. The young generation was greatly motivated by the pioneers’exploits.That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implementtheir actions jointly. (Para.2)Paraphrase: That is, the players were expected to select and carry out their actions together.…he must anticipate and overcome resistance to his plans. (Para.3) anticipate: v. 1) to expect or realize beforehand; to foresee e.g. The experts are anticipating the negative effects of air pollution.anticipate: v. 2) to deal with or use before proper time 预支e.g. Ted was not used to saving monthly and he would always anticipate his income.The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. (Para.4)Paraphrase: The key principal of a game is that player strategies are dependent on each other.essence: n.1) the quality which makes a thing what it is; the inner nature or most important quality of a thinge.g. The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.essence: n. 2) extract obtained from a substance by taking out as much of the mass as possiblee.g. milk essence; essence of peppermint (椒薄荷、椒薄荷油) interdependence: n. the quality or fact of depending on each otherinter-为前缀，意为between each other, 类似的词还有interchange、intermarry、international、interview等。
秦狄辉 科技英语写作教程答案答案2001年版
练习 1 (on page 8)II. 将下列句子译成英语1.Nonlinear distortion can be caused by too large an input signal.输入信号太大会引起非线性失真（nonlinear distortion）。
ing the definition of slope, we can derive the equation which represents a straight line.利用斜率（slope）的定义，我们能导出（derive）表示直线的方程。
3.The expression f(x + h) – f(x) is frequently used in the study of calculus.f(x + h) – f(x)这一表达式（expression）经常用在微积分（calculus）方面。
4.An equation which can be written in the following form is known as a linear equation in oneunknown.能写成以下形式的方程被称为含有一个未知数（unknown）的线性方程（linear equation）。
5.In a computer, the tendency is to operate at as high a clock rate as possible.在计算机中，趋势是以尽可能高的时钟频率（clock rate）工作。
6.The voltage across this capacitor is a few hundredths of a volt.该电容器（capacitor）上的电压（voltage）为零点零几伏（volt ）。
7.The output of the factory ten years ago was only one fifth what it is now [或：… only onefifth its present output].十年前该厂的产量（output）仅为现在的五分之一。
《科技英语》课后习题答桉完整版
《科技英语》课后习题答桉完整版大学英语的预习好帮手Main Content: UNIT 1 *****TICSText A “Game Theory”科技英语阅读方法“名词化结构”科技英语翻译技巧“名词化结构”Step:II. Language Points大学英语的预习好帮手… he must anticipate and overcome resistance to his plans. (Para.3) anticipate: v. 1) to expect or realize beforehand; to foresee e.g. The experts are anticipating the negative effects of air pollution. anticipate: v. 2) to deal with or use before proper time 预支e.g. Ted was not used to saving monthly and he would always anticipate his income. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. (Para.4) Paraphrase: The key principal of a game is that player strategies are dependent on each other. essence: n.1) the quality which makes a thing what it is; the inner nature or most important quality of a thing e.g. The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.essence: n. 2) extract obtained from a substance by taking out as much of the mass as possible e.g. milk essence; essence of peppermint (椒薄荷、椒薄荷油) 椒薄荷、interdependence: n. the quality or fact of depending on each other inter-为前缀，意为between each other, 类似的词还有interchange、intermarry、international、interview 等。
科技英语_秦荻辉_科技英语语法习题以及答案
科技英语_秦荻辉_科技英语语法习题以及答案练习 1I、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中有些冠词的特殊位置:1. In this case the current(电流)exists for only half the cycle(周期).2. In such a case there is no current flowing in the circuit(电路).3. Sensitivity(灵敏度)is a measure of how small a signal(信号)a receiver(接收机)canpick up and amplify(放大)to a level useful for communications.4. ε may be as small a positive constant as you please.5. Even so fundamental a dimension,量纲，as time was measured extremely crudely with sandand water clocks hundreds of years ago.6. Nonlinear distortion,非线性失真，can be caused by too large an input signal.7. The method used is quite an effective one.8. A series,级数，solution of this kind of problem allows as close a calculation of the error as needed.II、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中“and”和“or”的确切含义:1. Air has weight and occupies space.2. In this way less collector dissipation(集电极功耗)results, and the efficiency increases.3. We can go one step farther and take into account the nonzeroslope of the actual curves.4. Try hard, and you will work the nut(螺母)loose.5. The first step in analyzing a physical situation is to select those aspects of it which are essential and disregard the others.6. This satellite was used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.7. Some physical quantities require only a magnitude and a unit tobe completely specified. Thus it is sufficient to say that the mass of a man is 85 kg, that the area of a farm is 160 acres, that the frequencyof a sound wave is 660 cycles/sec, and that a light bulb consumes electric energy at the rate of 100 watts.8. Geothermal energy, or energy from within the earth, can be usedto generate electricity.o9.The current in a capacitor(电容器)leads(导前)the voltage by 90, or, the voltage lagsothe current by 90.10. The message is a logical unit of user data, control data, or both.III、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中分数和倍数的正确译法:1. By varying V only a few hundredths of a volt, the base current(基极电流)can be BEchanged significantly.2. The standard meter is accurate to about two parts in one billion.3. Cromatographic(层析的)techniques have been developed to detectair pollutants atconcentrations(浓度)of one part per million or less.4. The volume coefficient(体膨胀系数)of a solid is almost exactlythree times its linearcoefficient.5. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be20 times what it is.6. The wavelength of this musical note(音符)is7.8 ft, over threetimes longer than thewavelength of the same note in air (2.5 ft).7. This causes the collector current(集电极电流)to change by afactor of approximately β.8. This factor(因子)is now equal to 9, a reduction by a factor of 11.IV、将下列句子译成英语:1、火箭是由金属制成的。
秦狄辉精选科技英语阅读教程
• 5/6 five sixths
1/2 one [a] half
• Over seven tenths of the earth is water.
• The rest mass〔静止质量〕of the products of the explosion is less than the original rest mass by one tenthousandth of the original rest mass.
• Basic to understanding the binary number system is a familiarity with the powers of
• “2〞. 理解二进制数系的根底是要熟悉一下 “2〞
•
的各次幂。
II．Prepositions
• Complement：mostly the “as-phrase 〞 required by many verbs
• 我们得确定提起这块石头需要一个多大的力。
• We have to determine how large a force is required [needed; necessary] to lift this
•
stone.
Special habitual uses of the indefinite
如果有并列的名词性从句或定语 从句时，引导词一般要重复出现
• Suppose that the field at each charge has the direction of the vector E but that it is not uniform.
• 假设在每个电荷处的电场具有矢量E的方 向，但是这个场并不均匀。
英语秦荻辉科技英语写作习题以及答案
练习1I、在下列每个句子的空白处填上适当的冠词（如果必要的话），然后将句子译成汉语：1. There has been _____ ever greater interest in this subject.2. The power rating is the maximum power the resistor can safely dissipate without too great _____ rise in temperature.3. Its primary disadvantage is _____ increase in noise.4. _____ successful design of the equipment requires _____ detailed knowledge of the performance specifications.5. In _____ Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, _____ single electron revolves around _____ single proton in a circle of radius R.6. The unit of frequency is _____ hertz.【7. If _____ voltage is applied across _____ circuit, _____ electric current will flow in _____ circuit.8. _____ Fig. 5-1 shows _____ Oersted’s experiment.9. We should use _____ 18-volt battery here.10. _____ machine is _____ device for transmitting force to accomplish _____ definite purpose.11. _____ hydraulic press will be considered in _____ Chapter 14.12. _____ study of fluids in motion is one of _____ more difficult branches of mechanics because of _____ diversity of phenomena that mayoccur.13. It is easy to determine _____ value of _____ parameter μ.14. By _____ Eq. (2-1) we have _____ following relation.\15. It is necessay to use _____ S-shaped tube here.16. The authors work at _____ University of Texas at _____ Arlinton.17. This is _____ R-bit transformer.18. _____ XOR gate must be used here.II、将下列句子译成英语，注意正确地使用冠词：1、这是一个h参数（parameter）。
2019高考英语专题复习写作之科技篇课后练习新人教版(含参考答案)
高考英语专题复习：写作之科技篇专项练习你接受了一项写作任务，为英语校报写一篇科技报道。
[写作内容]*唾液样本：saliva sample[写作要求]只能用5个句子表达全部内容；[评分标准]句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。
写作之科技篇专项练习参考答案【参考范文】DNA DetectionWe can use saliva sample to detect whether people have major illnesses, predict whether people are particular about food and remind people to take proper exercise. People should pay 125 pounds for it. It takes four to six weeks to finish the report. After detection we can realize we should strengthen our bodies. It may cause too many worries.解析：对于基础写作用5个句子概括医疗新技术，要求必须用上所有的要点，不能遗漏。
对于概括短文大意，要抓住要点。
进行具体叙述时：1. 仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息。
2. 根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态及一般将来时。
3. 注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。
【考点定位】考查提纲作文。
【妙招点睛】本题所给用5个句子概括医疗新技术的材料是学生不太熟悉的内容，所以要尽量使用学生熟悉的句式来写，还必须用5个句子表达所有的信息。
此题主要考查阅读概括能力及语言的组织能力。
需要用一些高级句式及词汇来增加文章的亮点。
科技英语写作参考答案
科技英语写作参考答案科技英语写作参考答案科技英语写作是在科技领域进行交流和表达的重要方式。
对于科技从业人员来说，掌握科技英语写作技巧是非常重要的。
本文将从科技英语写作的基本要素、常用句型和注意事项等方面进行阐述，希望能够给科技从业人员提供一些参考答案。
一、科技英语写作的基本要素科技英语写作的基本要素包括准确性、简洁性、清晰性和逻辑性。
首先，准确性是科技英语写作的基本要求。
科技领域的文章往往涉及到专业术语和概念，因此在写作过程中要确保所使用的术语和概念的准确性。
其次，简洁性是科技英语写作的重要原则。
科技文章通常需要表达复杂的概念和理论，因此要尽量避免冗长和啰嗦的表达方式，采用简洁明了的句子结构和措辞。
再次，清晰性是科技英语写作的关键要素。
科技文章需要清晰地传达作者的观点和研究结果，避免模糊和含糊不清的表达。
最后，逻辑性是科技英语写作的基本要求。
科技文章需要有清晰的逻辑结构，合理地组织内容，使读者能够理解和跟随作者的思路。
二、常用句型和表达方式在科技英语写作中，有一些常用的句型和表达方式可以帮助作者更好地表达自己的观点和研究结果。
例如，在介绍研究目的时可以使用句型“本研究旨在探索/研究/分析……”，在描述实验方法时可以使用句型“我们采用了……的方法/技术”，在解释实验结果时可以使用句型“实验结果表明……”，在总结研究结论时可以使用句型“综上所述，我们得出了以下结论……”。
此外，还可以使用一些常用的科技英语词汇和短语，如“data analysis”（数据分析）、“experimental design”（实验设计）、“statistical significance”（统计显著性）等，以增强文章的专业性和权威性。
三、注意事项在科技英语写作中，还需要注意一些细节和技巧。
首先，要注意语法和拼写的准确性。
科技文章对语言的准确性要求较高，因此要仔细检查文章中的语法错误和拼写错误，确保文章的准确性。
其次，要注意段落的结构和连接词的使用。
秦狄辉科技英语写作
With结构习题—状语 放句尾
2、表示条件 P93第6题：这个参数应该在E接地的情况下加以测量。 译：This parameter should be measured with E grounded. P93第7题：其傅氏变换可以从式（2-4）获得，只需下限用零 来替代。 译： Its Fourier transform can be obtained from Eq. (2 – 4),with the lower limit replaced by zero.
3、P94第6题：这涉及到取傅氏变换。 译： This involves taking the Fourier transfo rm.
5、P94第11题：这本书值得一读。 译：This book is worth reading.
动名词习题—动名词的被动形式
3、动名词的被动形式 P94第2题：血液能被分解成各种成分。 译文： Blood is capable of being broken down into various components.
2、with结构做定语
With结构习题—状语 放句首
1、表示条件
P93第2题：如果两个扬声器都开着，C点的声强为多大？ 译：With both speakers on, what is the intensity at C?
P94第9题：在没有输入的情况下，输出为零。 译:With no input present, the output will be zero.
With结构习题—作定语
1、P93第4题：让我们以原点为圆心做一个半径为R的圆。
译： Let us construct a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R. 2、P93第5题：圆心在原点、半径为r的圆的方程为x2 + y2= r2. 译： The equation to the circle of radius r with the center at the origin is x2 + y2= r2.
英语 科技英语写作习题和答案
（ohm）。
3、其误差（error）为1012分之六。
4、这台计算机所储存的信息比那台多三倍。
（要求把“计算机”用作为主语的“主谓宾”结构的句型）5、月球的质量为地球的1/ 80.6、不久的将来对这种设备的需求量（demand）为现在的20倍。
7、这个元件（component）上的电压为零点几伏特（volt）。
8、现在其内部的压力是原来的三分之一。
III、将下列小段的内容译成英语：温度这一概念对我们大家来说都是熟悉的。
这是因为我们的身体对温差是非常灵敏的。
当我们拾起（pick up）一块冰时，我们感到冷，因为其温度低于我们手的温度。
在喝了一杯咖啡后，我们可能把它说成（refer to … as …）“热的”，“温的”（lukewarm）或“很糟的”（atrocious）。
在头两种情况下，至少我们在描述其温度超过（exceed）我们的（温度的）程度。
IV、根据所给的汉语文本，改正各英语文本中的错误：1、【汉语原文】这个电容器上的电压为零点零几伏特。
【英语文本】The voltage on this capacitor is zero point zero several volt.2、【汉语原文】这物体比那物体重四倍。
【英语文本】This object is four times heavy than that one is.3、【汉语原文】除非另有说明，我们假设使用的是硅管、I CBO可以忽略不计。
【英语文本】 Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used andI CBO can be neglected.4、【汉语原文】这个电路的优点是结构简单、容易调整。
【英语文本】This circuit has the advantage of simpe in structure、easy to adjust.5、【汉语原文】图1、2、3画出了这个过程。
秦荻辉科技英语写作教程练习答案
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科技英语写作高级教程参考答案
1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’anUniversity of Technology in 1988.3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.4.The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the opticalspectrometer.5.How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment? The densityof a substance is its mass per unit volume.6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).8.The unit of inductance is the henry.1.The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure.2.Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.3.Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharingsystem4.The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with anarbitrary profile.5.We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.练习21. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.3. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.4. We assume that the antenna is vertical and that its loss is zero.5. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 deal with transmission lines.1. Its error is six parts in 1012.2. This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).3. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.4. The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.5. Now its internal pressure is one sixteenth what it was.1. This object is over five times heavier than that one is.2. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used and that I CBO can be neglected.3. This circuit has the advantages of simple structure and easy adjustment.4. Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show this process in detail.5. For further information, consult references [3, 5, 9].I、1. This new type of computer has many advantages over the general type.2. It is not difficult to solve this differential equation for the unknown quantity.3. Of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.4. At this point/time, current differs in phase from voltage by 90o.5. By analyzing [By the analysis of] the parameters of the instrument, we can understand its performance.6. We will find out its average velocity over this distance.7. The science of electronics is too important in the world today.8. They solved this problem with great difficulty.II、1. For x＞1, there is no solution to this equation [this equation has no solution].2. Upon [On] substituting [substitution of] these values into [in] theequation, we obtained the following expression..3. This circuit is similar in operation to that of Fig. 1-10.4. This computer is very good in performance.5. These waves travel only in one direction.III、1. This paper presents a new method for the recognition of radar targets.2. The influence of the moving state of the target on the tracking accuracy of the EKF is great.3. Another comsat was launched on the morning of the 8th of October.4. V oltage is measured in volts.5. They will leave for Beijing to attend an international conference on mobile communication.练习4I、1. The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.2. The three coefficients here remains to be determined.3. The two equations below will be often (frequently) used in later chapters/in the chapters which follow.4. Here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.5. The output remains/stays constant/unchanged/fixed/unaltered/the same.6. All the textbooks available discuss this problem.7. Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.8. The answer to this problem looks correct.9. Two parallel wires a distance (of)δapart carry the current i.10. The problem now is how to measure the voltage across this component.11. These data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.12. Upon rearranging the equation above, we have [get, obtain] the following expression.13. These charges can interact with other charges present.14. Forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common belief.15. This coefficient is typically 0.35.II、1. In this case, the input does not fall; nor [neither] does the output. […; the output does not fall, either.]2. The resistance of a conductor depends not only on the material of which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.3. These scientists are very interested in this topic.4. This parameter can hardly be measured.5. In this laboratory, this instrument is more expensive than any other one/ any one else.6. The features of this device are small size and light weight.练习5I、1. This equation can be solved in either of the following two ways/the two ways which follow.2. This baseball will soon come to rest because of its interaction with the ground.3. Our choice of this coefficient as 1 is correct.4. From its definition as the ratio of a force to a length, we can see that k has the same unit as work (does).5. Our analysis of the machine is of great significance.6. This facilitates their use in circuit analysis.II、1. This police car is equipped with a receiver the size of a matchbox.2. Wires one hundredth the diameter of a silk thread are used to connect these components.3. We must water cool these equipments/devices.4. In the past, telephone calls were operator connected.5. AC can be changed/turned/converted/transformed/translated into/to DC, a process called/known as/referred to as rectification.6. A magnet attracts iron materials, a familiar phenomenon.7. Computers are capable of processing information, a process that previously could be accomplished only inside our heads.8. An instrument for measuring current, voltage, and resistance, the multimeter iswidely used in electrical engineering.III、1. Secs. 1.1 and 1.2 will discuss several other problems.2. Problems are listed/given on pp. 1-5.3. In the equations above, all h’s are the hybrid parameters.4. The mass of the standard pound is equal to 0.4535924277 kilograms.5. All a’s and b’s in Eq. (5-1) are related to the impedance R o.6. We must take the effect of temperature on [upon] semiconductors into account.7. In this case, the variation of output with input is very small.8. This curve shows the dependence of distance on/upon speed.IV、1. None of them can solve this special type of differential equation.2. They do not know whether this material can stand so large a force or not.3. There are M polygons altogether, each of which has N vertexes.4. These two engineers are busy (in) designing a new kind of software.5. Iron is almost as good a conductor as aluminum.练习6I、1. This image, it will be noticed, is a real image.2. This technical problem, we hope, will be solved soon.3. 210 is approximately 1000, a fact that we think is very useful in the study of digital electronics.4. A resistor of say 100 ohms should be used here.II、1. None of those textbooks have/has mentioned this point.2. All of these x values cannot satisfy the equation.3. Neither of the two conditions is satisfied here.4. In the preceding/previous chapter, we discussed all kinds of force.5. This paper describes a new method for designing aircraft.6. By the end of the last century, the company had manufactured 5 000radars.7. Since 2008, this research institute has been developing a special kind of robot.III、1. In Section 1-2, the concept of force was introduced.2. As early as the 1940s, it was found that semiconductors are very useful.3. This result can also be arrived at in another way.4. At that time no use was made of this phenomenon/…, thisphenomenon was made no use of.5. This point will be dealt with in the next section.IV、1. This computer works much better than that one (does)/This computer is much better in performance than that one (is)..2. This computer requires many more components that that one (does).3. The distance of the moon from the earth is as great as 240 000 miles.4. The greater the resistance, the longer time it takes for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage/…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.)5. The current as small as 0.1 A cannot produce enough heat.V、1. It is easy for us to determine the weight of the body. 或：We can determine the weight of the body easily.2. The two engineers are busy (in) designing a new type of computer.3. We find this concept very difficult to explain.4. None of these windows can withstand so large a force.5. Work equals [is equal to] force multiplied by/times distance.6. The results obtained agree with the experimental values. [… are in agreement with the experimental values.]练习7I、1. It will take a few months to design this kind of aircraft with the help of a computer.2. It is left as a problem to [for] the reader to show that this expression holds.3. The program to be executed is stored in this unit.4. This valley acts as the foundation on which to build the dam.5. In this laboratory there are many kinds of instrument for students to choose from.6. Let t0 equal/be equal to zero.7. The farther away the target (is), the longer time it takes for the echo to return.8. For the series to converge, x must be less than 1.9. We find this concept very difficult to understand.10. This method makes it much easier to detect targets.11. This factor will affect the ability of a computer to store information.12. We have to find out how large to make r so as for the series to converge.13. This is a pen to draw pictures with.14. Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original condition after beingdeformed.15. Ordinary matter is said to be electrically neutral.16.This property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.17. This table is unfit for a student to do experiments on.18. Now we consider what path of integration to take.II、1. The sine law of the variation of light intensity with the cylinder diameter has been emphasized.2. Not only do temperature and light affect the conductivity, but the addition of impurities to semiconductors also makes it change greatly.3. Various satellites are frequently launched to obtain information about/on space.4. Our semiconductor industry came into being at the end of the 1950s.5. My colleagues and I would like to express our thanks to Professor W. Smith for his great help.练习8I、1. The amplifier amplifies the received signals.2. Moving molecules have kinetic energy.5. Fig. 1 – 3 shows the photo of a freely falling body.3. Speed equals distance divided by time.4. V oltage equals/is equal to current multiplied by resistance.5. The resistance of air increases with the increased/increasing/an increase in speed.6. A transformer is a device consisting of two or more coils wound on/round an iron core.7. It is necessary to find out the current flowing through this component.8. This book, properly used, will be of great help to the reader.9. Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of its energy.10. Given/Knowing time and speed, we/one can find out distance.11. Having studied this chapter, the student will understand/will have understood the principle of a computer.12. The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.13. Several comsats were launched, all of them (being) high-altitude satellites.14. Called “the mother of all networks,”the Internet is a widely used international network.15. This force can be resolved into two components, one (being) horizontal and the other vertical.II、1.Let us construct/draw a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R.2.This parameter should be measured with E grounded.3. With no resistance in the circuit,the current will increase indefinitely.4. With this in view, we have written this book.5. This paper introduces a new design method/technique, with emphasis on its principle. III、1.Let us consider designing a computer.2.We refer to these components as being passive.3.This involves taking the Fourier transform.4.On/Upon rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set ofequations.5.In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered as 1.IV、1. Given/Knowing resistance and current, one/we can determine/calculate voltage.2. The price of this instrument is high.3. A robot is a special kind of electronic device.4. The current starts flowing at the very moment we close the circuit.5. They have been designing a new type of computer these six months.练习9I、1. The problem was not solved until a completely different method was introduced.2. Nearly 100 years passed before the existence/presence of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment/experimentally.3. The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.4. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.5. These two resistors should be selected/chosen so that the transistor can operate normally.6. The body is in such a state that it can do work.II、1. The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all the dc circuits.2. The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.3. An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.4. There is evidence that no life exists on the moon.5. The question now arises whether the algorithm is of practical use.6. In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.7. There is a growing/increasing awareness that these techniques/methods are very useful.8. One of/Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves.9. This is due to/is caused by/results from the fact that there are many free electrons in conductors.10. Besides/In addition to the fact that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model, we must take other factors into account.III、1.These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systemsto intercept, analyze and jam this kind of signal.2. The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devices possible.3. The variation of/in the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variation of/in its dimensions.4. Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.5. Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.练习10I、 1. Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.2. It is clear from Dubamel’s Theorem that this limit exists.3. It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field, a magnetic field is produced.4. It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.5. Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.6. It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.II、1. What a generator does is (to) change mechanical energy into electrical energy.2. What this chapter describes/What is described in this chapter is of great importance.3. Matter is what can occupy space.4. What we have discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electrical phenomenon.5. This direction is opposite to what has been assumed.6. Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.7. These numbers constitute what is known as the real number system.8. In what follows, we shall acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts.III、1. An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或：Fig. 7 shows …].2. This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a sample network.3. On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novel configuration results. [或：The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.]4. Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.5. The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.练习11I、1. The meter (that/which) we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called a voltmeter.2. Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.3. Now this disease is no longer the serious problem (that) it once was.4. Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return.5. We must calculate the distance (that/through which) the body is lifted.6. The direction (that/in which) a body moves is also very important.7. The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency.8. We equate these two ratios, from which the simplest formula follows/results.9. It is necessary to determine the time when/that/at which the y-component has decreased to zero.10.. The curve the y-coordinate of each point on which is zero is just the x-axis.II、1. The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where α= ω.2. The force of gravity means the force with which the earth attracts a body.3. The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.4. The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series of which this book is a part/to which this book belongs.5. This is a parallelogram of which the two given vectors are/form sides.6. The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.7. The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen.8. This depends on the efficiency with which electrons are produced.9. These two laws are the foundation on which all other laws are built.10. The temperature at which water freezes is generally 0o C.III、1. As the title indicates, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations.2. As the name shows, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.3. This single force produces the same effect as is produced by those forces together.4. Now we are able to solve such differential equations as occur in physics.5. This function can be accomplished by using the full adder as was described in the previous section.6. These concepts enable us to understand a wide range of phenomena in electrostatics, or “static electricity,” as it is called.7. This current is, as predicted, very small,8. First let us consider the simplest circuit as shown on page 2.IV、1. This is a slightly higher value than we predicted.2. This reactor can produce more fuel than it consumes.3. Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.4. We must determine the values of currents and voltages after the switch closes.5. During the ten years since this book was first published, significant changes have taken place/have been seen in metal-making.V、1. Even in this case these protocols can provide a limited number of users with the acceptable quality of voice service.2. This paper presents a method for an 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate witha 386 personal computer.3. The effect of equalizer parameters on equalization performance is analyzed in detail.[A detailed analysis is made of the effect of equalization parameters on equalization performance.]4. Each receiver channel in Fig. 1 contains an RF amplifier, a mixer, an IF amplifier, an A/D converter, etc.（注意：句尾的句号与缩略词“etc.”的黑点重合在一起了）5. The larger the abnormal extent (is), the larger is the residual mismatch, with the curve going up.练习12I、1. Should anything abnormal happen, switch/turn off the power supply at once/immediately.2. Had electronic computers not been used, it would have taken them a long time to solve this problem.3. It is very important that all solutions (should) be checked in the original equation.4. It is suggested that this design (should) be modified at once.5. Without semiconductors, satellite communications would be impossible.6. We could also have used Theorem (6) to derive the result.7. The requirement that energy (should) be conserved must be satisfied.8. Everything here, be it a component or a device, is home-made.III、1. It was this scientist who/that discovered this phenomenon a century ago.2. Tungsten is the very metal used in electric lamps.3. The speed with which sound waves move through a medium does depend on the properties of the medium.4. It is not clear yet under what conditions it is that this formula can be used.5. This property we call inertia.IV、1. The author is engaged in the teaching of and the research on computer vision, and image processing and recognition.2. Let P and Q be two Boolean permutations of the same order, and then their composition is a new Boolean permutation.3. Three algorithms are presented, which can remarkably reduce the time to raise the pen, thus raising the drawing efficiency.4. What this paper describes is of great interest to communications engineers.5. The minimum entropy technique for estimating the Doppler frequency rate is presented, which has the advantages over the classical techniques of high accuracy and a small amount of computation.练习13II、1. By electromagnetic force is meant the potential difference across the battery when there is no flow of current.2. In the table below/which follows are listed various parameters of familiar computers.3. An element cannot be decomposed, nor can it be broken up by chemical methods.4. Only when x = 8, does this equation hold/apply.5. Of particular importance/Especially important are the two concepts which follow.6. Such a set we call the mathematical system.7. Rarely does one know this function with precision.8. This interrelationship between electric and magnetic fields makes possible such things as the electromagnet and the electric motor.9. Not until 1818 was the diffraction of light interpreted/explained.10. By no means do electrons move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal ina wire.II、1. The effect of air resistance is discussed in Chapter 15, and the decrease in acceleration with altitude in Chapter 17.2. It is necessary to determine the charge on and the voltage across this capacitor.3. In this case, no standard is needed, but only a numerical convention.4. This voltage is greater than or equal to 0.4 volt.5. The cathode, when heated, emits electrons.6. Every body, whether accelerated or not, is considered (to be) in equilibrium.7. If necessary, the wire will be covered with some insulation.8. The transistor has its materials arranged p-n-p, hence the name pnp transistor.III、1. An initial analysis is made of the performance of the device.2. The magnetic field is the space around a magnet occupied by the magnetic lines of force.3. This leads to the battery voltage in the model of 500 mV.4. This graph shows the variation with frequency of the resistance of the resistor.5. This is responsible for the direct return to the atmosphere of more than half the water that falls on the land.6. The question now arises how these unknowns can be determined.7. It is necessary to determine the effect on the device of changing the ambient temperature.8. The assumption has been made that the pressure always remains constant during the test.IV、1. The simulation results show that both the schemes are easy to implement.2. The model and algorithm proposed in this paper are to a certain degree/extent superior in performance to the conventional BP algorithm.3. A new technique for estimating the frequency deviation is proposed which gives a high accuracy and requires a small amount of computation.4. Improvement of the accuracy of range alignment in ISAR imaging (by) using the super resolution technique5. Research on and the realization of DTMF in a Cipher Coder6. Analysis of the ability of a quartz flexibility accelerometer to resist bad environment选题文献资料收集和分析构思文章结构和设计实验方法实验研究和结果分析根据实验结果调整实验设计和构思整理数据并撰写论文排版和投稿修改和补充实验数据。
秦荻辉,科技英语语法-Non-restrictive Verbs_The Infinitive
these equations reduce to
Eq. (2
– 7) when the point lies on the x-axis.
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（2）宾语：注意以下两点。 ① 不定式的被动形式作宾语的情况
These problems deserve to be further studied.
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（1）主语
④ 被动语态（ “It + ） 主补等 不定式 propose [ +
desire, leave, find,
]+
”
（未知量） It is desired to solve the equation for
the unknown
.
（简化成） It is left as a problem to show that
（元件） *** This component
is to be
（线性地） chosen so that the transistor operates
linearly
.
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
（3）表语
*** Suppose that this milliammeter
The purpose to write this book is to give the reader a brief introduction to electronic computers.
西安电子科技大学
§4 .1 动词不定式～ 1、普通不定式
D、纯修饰关系（在某些抽象名词后，如： 等等，一般为主动形式） time, purpose, ability, tendency, way, aim,
(秦荻辉)科技英语写作
第一节 词 类
中国 China 北京大学 Beijng University 西电大学 Xidian University 西北工业大学 the Northwestern Polytechnical University 计算机科学系 the Department of Computer Science
第一节 词 类
(2)论文的标题、书籍名称等的冠词可以省去。如： 锁相环的研究 Study of Phase-locked Loops 计算机入门 Introduction to Computers
第一节 词 类
(3)专有名词一般不加冠词。在科技文写作中，主要 涉及到的专有名词有人名、地名、单位名称和国 家名称。其中单位名称和国家名称需要注意以下 几点：一般由单个词表示的国家名称或一个地点 名词加“大学”构成的专有名称前不加冠词；由三个 或三个以上的普通单词构成的单位或国家名称前 要加定冠词(不过写在信封上或发表的论文作者下 面等场合时一般可不加冠词)。如：
第一节 词 类
2．数词在句子中作前置修饰语 (倍数；分数)+（the+名词；that+后置定语（多为“of 短语”）；what从句） 这个电压是加给放大器的信号的80倍。
This voltage is 80 times the signal applied to the amplifier． 其速度为光速的十分之三。 Its speed is three tenths that of light．
第一节 词 类
(5)某些可数名词单数形式在泛指时可省去冠词。 欧姆首先发现了电流、电压、电阻之间的关系。 Ohm first discovered the relationship between current， voltage，and resistance． 晶体管是由发射极、基极和集电极三部分构成的。 A transistor consists of three parts：emitter, base and collector．
科技英语写作经典练习题答案(二)练习10-18
科技英语写作经典练习题答案（二）练习10-18练习9I、1. The problem was not to be solved until a completely new method was introduced.2. The values of most things must be converted from decimal to binary before computations can begin.3. A body at rest will never move until force compels it.4. Nearly 100 years passed before the existence [presence] of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment [experimentally].5. Diode D conducts the moment [the instant; directly; immediately] the input voltage becomes more negative than V.6. The first time they designed an electronic computer, scientists encountered many difficulties.7. The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.8. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.9. The voltage is always there while the generator is operating.10. As current flows, part of its energy will be lost.11. These two resistors should be selected [chosen] so that the transistor can operate normally.12. The body is in such a state that it can do work.II、1. The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all the dc circuits.2. The fact that everything around us is matter is known to all.3. The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.4. There is no doubt that the magnetic field is produced by some sort of circulating current.5. An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.6. There is evidence that the mass of a body is the function of the body.7. The question now arises whether this result applies to all cases.8. In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.9. There is a growing awareness that these techniques are very useful.10. One of [Among] the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves.11. The advent of electronics is reckoned from the discovery that the current in the vacuum diode can be controlled by introducing a third electrode.many free electrons in conductors.13. There is no evidence that energy can be created or destroyed.14. This series of experiment leads to the result that with a constant applied [external] force, the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass.15. Besides [In addition to] that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model, we must take other factors into account.III、Nearly all substances fall into two major [broad; general; main] categories: conductors and insulators. Metals, many liquids, and plasmas are conductors, while nonmetallic solids, certain liquids, and gases are insulators. Just as the rate of flow of water depends upon the difference of height between them, the rate of flow of electric current between two points depends upon the difference of potential between them. The statement that voltage is proportional to current multiplied by [times] resistance is called Ohm’s law, since it was first verified experimentally by the German physicist Georg Ohm.IV、Compared with the theory presented in the literature published abroadin recent years that the polar axis should be in parallel with theearth’s axis, the method given in this paper will lead to (a) higher accuracy.These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systemsto intercept, analyze and jam this kind of signals.3. By the family of curves is meant a specified set of curves which satisfy given conditions.4. The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devices possible.5. In this case it is necessary to use as much energy of signals as possible.6. The variation of the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variation of its dimensions.7. Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.8. Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.练习101. Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.2. It is clear from Dubamel’s The orem that this limit exists.3. How large this error is depends upon several [a few] factors.4. It is a matter of indifference which point of view is adopted.5. It should be emphasized that these definitions may be used for angles of any magnitude.6. It is assumed that the student has a basic understanding of mechanical drawing.7. It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field, a magnetic field is produced.8. It happens that the overall phase shift is zero.9. It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.10. It makes no difference which unknown is selected [chosen].11. T emperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.12. Which equation we should use depends on what data we are given [know] in the problem.13. It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.14. It has been found that the direction of an electric current is opposite to that of the flow of electrons.1. It is necessary to determine under what conditions this equation holds [applies; is valid; is true].2. This device is just what we need.3. Now we summarize what we have proved so far [up to now].4. What a generator does is to change mechanical energy into electrical energy.5. What this chapter describes [What is described in this chapter] is of great importance.6. This magnetic force is what makes the electric motor run.7. Matter is what can occupy space.8. This is what happens in a transistor.9. What we have discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electrical phenomenon.10. This direction is opposite to what has been assumed.11. What is spoken of as absolute zero is the temperature 273o C below zero.12. T elevision and telephone communications are linking people to a global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city.13. Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.14. These numbers constitute what is known as the real numbersystem.15. After a chemical change, a substance is changed to something different from what it was.16. In what follows, we acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts.III、It is said that Galileo found, after a number of experiments, that all bodies near the earth fall toward the earth with the same acceleration. This acceleration is what we call the acceleration of gravity. Galileo’s work was especially significant becaus e, for the first time, experimental results were accepted despite the fact that they contradicted well-known established ideas, in this case the notion that heavy things “should” fall faster than light ones. What deserves to be commented on Galileo’s work is that his conclusion that all things fall with the same constant acceleration is only an idealization of reality.IV、1. An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或：Fig. 7 shows …].2. This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a samplenetwork.3. On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novel configuration results. [或：The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.]4. This can satisfy the system’s input and output rates with as low a systolic frequency as possible.5. This paper discusses the design guideline for and the structure of the system, with a deep inquiry into model testing.6. Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.7. The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.8. The Qin Y ong-brand whole milk powder is made from high-quality fresh milk, white sugar and trace elements needed by the human body by scientific methods and Denmark’s advanced technology.The Qin Y ong-brand whole milk powder contains calcium, protein and varied vitamins, and it can be mixed with lukewarm sanitary drinking water into [或：… can be blended with lukewarm sanitary drinking water to produce] the best fresh milk. The product is truly a tonic suitable for both the old and the young. T aking it for a long time is beneficial [is of benefit] to [或：is good for] the developmentof the brain and the improvement of health.If you find anything wrong with the product, please give us a complaint phone call [或：please let us know by phone].Our telephone number is 029-*******.练习11I、1. Most of the atomic mass is concentrated in the nucleus, which explains why the nucleus is almost stationary within the atom2. Faraday was the great scientist who [that] discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.3. This is the device which [that] is used to measure the parameter.4. The meter (that [which]) we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called a voltmeter.within this container.6. Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.7. In this case, anything that has been stored will be lost.8. There is another kind of force (that) we need to consider.9. Now this disease is no longer the serious problem (that) it once was.10. The places where small computers can be used seem (to be) endless.11. Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return.12. We must calculate the distance (that [through which]) the body is lifted.13. The direction (that [in which]) a body moves is also very important.14. It is necessary to determine the number of times (that [by which]) this amplifier amplifies signals.15. All we need (to) do is (to) press this button.16. All one can say is that an atom consists of still smaller particles.17. I1 is much larger than I2, in which case I2 can be neglected.18. We equate these two ratios, from which the simplest formula follows [results].19. The reason why [for which]this component is used here is quite clear.20. It is necessary to determine the time when [at which] the y-component has decreased to zero.21. We first discuss the waves whose frequencies [the frequencies of which] are constant.22. Any radio-frequency component (that) there may be [that there may exist] in this circuit is filtered out by capacitor C.23. We can find a few conditions, of which only two [only two of which] are necessary.24. The curve the y-coordinate of each point on which is zero is just the x-axis.II、1. The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where α= ω.2. We can find the single force to which these two forces are equivalent.3. The particular frequency at which X L = X C is called the resonant frequency.4. These vectors are not added (in) the way (in which [that]) numbers are added.5. The force of gravity means the force with which the earth attracts a body.6. The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.7. In all resistances through which a current flows, electricalenergy is converted into heat energy.8. The product of a force and the time during which it acts is called impulse.9. This resistor is the one across which the negative bias is developed.10. A magnet can cause an electric current in a wire near which it is moved.11. Any mechanical device by which heat is converted into work is called a heat engine.12. The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series of which this book is a part [to which this book belongs].13. This is a parallelogram of which the two given vectors are sides.14. The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.15. The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen.16. This depends on the efficiency with which electrons are produced.17. These two laws are the foundation on which all other laws are built.18. The substances in which there are many free electrons areconductors.19. It is necessary to explain the reason for which this device is used here.20. The temperature at which water freezes is generally 0o C.III、1. As we shall see, acids and bases play an important role in the functioning of life.2. As the title indicates, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations.3. As the name shows, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.4. As was discussed in the previous chapter, a transistor is a current-control element.5. This waveform has a dc component, as will be explained later.6. This single force produces effect as is produced by those forces together.7. The sign of the charge does not affect the conclusion, as can be seen readily.physics.9. This function can be accomplished by using the full adder as was described in the previous section.11. T orricell’s emptiness will appear on the upper part of the tube, or vacuum as we now call it.12. These concepts enable us to understand a wide range of phenomena in electrostatics, or “static electricity,” as it is called.13. This revision resulted in the creation of high-speed mechanics, or as it is referred to, relativistic mechanics.14. This current is, as predicted, very small,15. First let us consider the simplest circuit as shown on page 2. IV、2. Many problems are presented than need be given as homework assignments.transistor can achieve.5. Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.6. We must determine the values of currents and voltages after the switch closes.7. It is necessary to first find the limit as c approaches infinity.8. During the ten years since this book was first published, significant changes have taken place [have been seen].V、In the spring of 2003, as a new type of infectious disease, the SARS attacked the globe [The spring of 2003 saw the (sudden) attack of the globe by the SARS, a new type of infectious disease]. Its origin, developing trend and therapeutic schedule are the topics which are to be urgently tackled, but they are difficult problems full of numerous unknowns. It is from the viewpoint of statistics that this paper presents a mathematical model for [of] the developing trend of SARS cases. The function p (t) for [of] the variation of the number of cases with time consists of two parts.For the reader to understand the guideline of thought for the derivation of the model, let us consider the factors which follow [the following factors]. It is worth pointing out that the parameters of the model are not invariable. At the same time [Also] it is necessary to pay much attention to the degree to which various measures have been put in place.VI、1. Even in this case these protocols can provide a limited number of users with the acceptable quality of voice service.2. A comparison of this method with the MEI method shows that the third postulate in the MEI method is questionable.3. This paper presents a method for an 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate with a 386 personal computer.4. This paper deals mainly with the Wiener filtering of and the LMS algorithm for such signals.5. The effect of equalizer parameters on equalization performance is analyzed in detail. [A detailed analysis is made of the effect of equalization parameters on equalization performance.]6. Each receiver channel in Fig. 1 contains an RF amplifier, a mixer, an IF amplifier, an A/D converter, etc.7. he larger the abnormal extent (is), the larger is the residual mismatch, with the curve going up.8. A highland wild plant, JUEMA belongs to the rose family [JUEMA is a highland wild plant belonging to the rose family]. It contains vitamins and elements such as iron, magnesium, calcium, (and) zinc. Pharmacological study shows that taking it for a long time [a long-term intake] will prolong life, resist cancer and reduce weight. It is also a good gift for your relatives and friends.练习12I、1. Should anything abnormal happen, switch [turn] off the power supply at once [immediately].2. If there were no [Without] gravitation, everything would fly off the earth into space.3. If man made use of all the sunlight, he would have no need for coal or other fuels.4. If this change were to be included [(should) be included] in the analysis, it would become extremely complex.5. Discontinue should a skin reaction occur.6. Had electronic computers not been used, it would have taken them a long time to solve this problem.7. T o pursue this development of molecular theory further would take us into the area of atomic and nuclear structure.8. It is very important that all solutions (should) be checked in the original equation.9. It is suggested that this design (should) be modified at once.10. This requires that the transistor (should) be properly biased.11. Without semiconductors, satellite communications would be impossible.12. We could also have used Theorem (6) to derive the result.13. It is quite essential that designers (should) have a practical knowledge of computers.14. This comes from the necessity that the output (should) be stable.15. The requirement that energy (should) be conserved must be satisfied.16. A necessary condition is that the integration (should) be a solution of [to] Euler’s equation.17. Their suggestion is that this point (should) be grounded.18. This transmission line acts as if it were open-circuited.19. It looked as if the answer to this problem had been wrong.20. Everything here, be it a component or a device, is home-made.21. Could a pin be drawn into a wire of the thickness of one atom, it would encircle the earth thousands of times.22. The condition that x – a (should) divide the numerator is that x = a (should) be a root.II、1. It was this scientist who [that] discovered this phenomenon a century ago.2. It is this conclusion with which we are concerned. [It is thisconclusionwhich [that] we are concerned with.]3. This method does work.4. Tungsten is the very metal used in electric lamps.5. The speed with which sound waves move through a medium does depend on the properties of the medium.6. It is not clear yet under what conditions it is that this formula can be used.7. This property we call inertia.8. Radio waves makes possible such things as broadcast and television.III、Everyone is familiar with the fact that when a chair is pushed, it will move on for some distance before it stops. It is the friction that causes this phenomenon. Without friction, our world would be very strange. One could neither walk, nor stand up; it would be impossible to build houses, etc. From this it follows that friction is not always bad. Friction does play a very important role in our everyday life. IV、1. The interactions between user and IN network may be different from what happens in the rotary POTS telephone set.2. The author is engaged in the teaching of and the research on computer vision, image processing and recognition.3. Let P and Q be two Boolean permutations of the same order, and then their composition is a new Boolean permutation.4. Three algorithms are presented, which can remarkably reduce the time to raise the pen, thus raising the drawing efficiency.5. The DTMF coder has found wide applications because of its verysmall error code rate and its reliability.6. What this paper describes is of great help to communications engineers.7. The minimum entropy technique for estimating the Doppler frequency rate is presented, which has the advantages over the classical techniques of high accuracy and a small amount of computation.8. The Essence of Chicken & Cordyceps provides you with the best way to keep you fit [… keep you in good health] in this fiercely competitive society in order to avoid your being eliminated.Cordyceps is one of the unique tonics in China. Scientific research reveals that cordyceps contains various special amino acids. The Essence of Chicken & Cordyceps is manufactured from the first-class chicken and pure cordyceps powder with extra care. It is easy for users to absorb and digest. So this product is especially suitable for [beneficial to] elimination of debility and recovery from an illness because it facilitates the establishment of a balanced metabolism [because it can help to establish a balanced metabolism].练习13I、1. Implicit in the preceding statements is the principle of conservation of charge.2. Also shown on this page is [On this page is also shown] the block diagram of a color television set.3. Only under the matched condition will the maximum output result [will there be the maximum output].4. By electromagnetic force is meant the potential difference across the battery when there is no flow of current.5. In the neck of the glass envelope is located [put] a set of electrodes called “electron gun.”6. In the table below are listed various parameters of familiar computers.7. An element cannot be decomposed, nor can it be broken up by chemical methods.8. Only when x = 8, does this equation hold [apply].9. Of particular importance [Especially important] are the two concepts which follow.10. Such a set we call the mathematical system.11. Friction makes necessary a good lubrication system.12. We take as a second example the case shown in Fig. 5.13. Rarely does one know this function with precision.14. Small as atoms are, electrons are still smaller.15. This interrelationship between electric and magnetic fields makes possible such things as the electromagnet and the electric motor.16. Not until 1818 was the diffraction of light interpreted [explained].17. T o the author it seems that the students are interested in practical applications.18. By no means do electrons move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.II、1. The meter is the standard for length, the gram the standard for weight.2. The effect of air resistance is discussed in Chapter 15, and the decrease in acceleration with altitude in Chapter 17.3. Port 1 is considered (as) the input, and port 2 the output.4. The analysis of and the equations for this test set are the same as described in the preceding sections.5. The publisher will be responsible for loss of and damage to the material.6. It is necessary to determine the charge on and the voltage across this capacitor.7. In this case, no standard is needed, but only a numerical convention.8. The title of this paper is “Behavior of and Requirements for the Internet Firewalls.”9. This voltage is greater than or equal to 0.4 volt.10. The cathode, when heated, emits electrons.11. Every body, whether accelerated or not, is considered (to be) in equilibrium.12. If necessary, the wire will be covered with some insulation.13. The transistor has its materials arranged p-n-p, hence the name pnp transistor.14. When these electromagnetic waves escape from the conductor into space, they are said to be radiated by the conductor, hence the name “radio waves.”III、1. No image is formed of the object precisely at the focal point ofa converging lens.2. An initial analysis is made of the performance of the device.3. The law is well known that to each action there is an equal and opposite reaction.4. The magnetic field is the space around a magnet occupied by the magnetic lines of force.5. This leads to the battery voltage in the model of 840 mV.6. This graph shows the variation with frequency of the resistance of the resistor.7. This is responsible for the direct return to the atmosphere of more than half the water that falls on the land.8. The forward bias results in the injection into the depletion layer of the electrons from the conduction band of the N-type material.9. The question now arises how these unknowns can be determined.10. It is necessary to determine the effect on the device of changing the ambient temperature.11. The assumption has been made that the pressure always remains constant during the test.12. Cases often occur [arise] in which [where] the integration region varies with parameters.IV、T emperature is difficult to define with precision. There are a number of properties of matter that vary with temperature. These can be used to construct thermometers——devices for measuring temperature. By measuring the color of the light it gives off, we can determine the temperature of an object. Of wider application is the fact that matter usually expands when its temperature is increasedand contracts when its temperature is decreased. Two strips of different metals that are joined together bend to one side with a change in temperature, a fact (that is) employed in constructing household oven thermometers.V、1. The simulation results show that both the schemes are easy to implement.2. The model and algorithm proposed in this paper are to a certain degree [extent] superior in performance to the conventional BP algorithm.3. We have obtained he result that the number of 2-edge self-complementary graphs with p vertexes isa p = 2 (S p(2): 1, 3, 1, 3, …)4. A new technique for estimating the frequency deviation is proposed which gives a high accuracy and requires a small amount of computation.5. Improvement of the accuracy of range alignment in ISAR imaging by using the super resolution technique6. Research on and the realization of DTMF in a Cipher Coder7. Analysis of the ability of a quartz flexibility accelerometer to resist bad environment8. The product is made from high quality soybeans produced innortheast China, by using the most advanced facilities and high technology. The product contains various amino acids, unsaturated fatty acid, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, inorganic salts and varied vitamins. It is characterized by high protein, low fat, no cholesterol and pure, strong smell of soybeans. It does not contain any artificial synthetic additive. So it is the best fully [completely] natural nutritious drink.练习14I、1. 主题句：第一句；结论句：最后一句。