16.附录一 构词法 【2021版《5年高考3年模拟》A版 课标版英语教师用书】
5年高考3年模拟A版浙江省高考英语总复习专题四谓语动词教师用书含解析
专题四谓语动词挖命题【考情探究】分析解读 1.语篇型填空对谓语动词部分的考查主要是根据上下文的语境和句子结构,用所给动词的合适的时态和语态形式填空。
其范围可以涉及常用的动词的十种时态及其相关的．．．．．．．．．．．．语态．．。
因此考生需要对动词的十种基本时态及其语态的用法和构成有准确的掌握。
除此之外,动词的时态和语态是写作的基本语法要求,因此掌握动词的时态和语态是提高写作水平的基本要求。
2.情态动词和虚拟语气除了在语篇型填空中会涉及,在听力和写作中也经常会用到．．．．．．．．．．．．,因此考生也务必精通各个情态动词的用法及虚拟语气的使用语境和构成。
破考点【考点集训】考点一动词的时态和主谓一致1.When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him,but I(change)my mind now.答案have changed2.Hurry up!Mark and Carol (expect)us.答案are expecting3.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he (have)it for a very long time.答案had had4.Around two o’clock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat (bother)us.答案bothers5.Generally,students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others (be)essential to their development.答案is6.The university estimates that living expenses for international students (be)around $8,450 a year,which is a burden for some of them.答案are7.Walmart,which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, (keep)some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.答案keeps8.The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he (start).答案started9.I feel so excited!At this time tomorrow morning I (fly)to Shanghai.答案will be flying考点二动词的语态1.The letters for the boss (put)on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.答案were put2.The famous musician,as well as his students, (invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.答案was invited3.Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now(repay)later in life.答案will be repaid4.Shakespeare’s play Hamlet(make)into at least ten different films over the past years.答案has been made5.We are confident that the environment (improve)by our further efforts to reduce pollution.答案will be improved6.After school we went to the reading room to do some reading,only to be told that it (decorate).答案was being decorated7.Tommy (tell)many times,but he still could not understand it.答案had been told8.I needn’t have been in that hurry. The flight to Chongqing(cancel)due to the foggy weather.答案was cancelled9.“Remember to put on more clothes,”Mother said on the phone.“Cold weather (expect)to come tomorrow morning.”答案is expected10.The results of the final examination (make)known to the students soon. 答案will be made考点三情态动词和虚拟语气1.No one be more generous;he has a heart of gold.答案could/can2.One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. 答案shall3.My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.答案should4.I (go)to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available.答案would/should have gone5.Don’t handle the vase as if it(be)made of steel.答案were6.—It rained cats and dogs this morning.I’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah,we would have got wet all over if we (have).答案hadn’t7.—Do you think George has passed the driving test?—No.If so,he (drive)his car to our college yesterday.答案would have driven8.I should not have laughed if I (think)you were serious.答案had thought9.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he(do)something instead of just talking.答案did/should do10.She would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressure from work when young.答案had过专题【五年高考】考点一动词的时态和主谓一致1.(2018北京,1)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here?I haven’t seen you around.—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just(start)on Monday.答案started2.(2018北京,4)Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work)as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.答案was working3.(2018北京,7)China’s high-speed railways (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.答案have grown4.(2018江苏,31)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we (develop)more convenient electronic communication tools by then.答案will have developed5.(2017北京,24)—(do)you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes. They are happy with it.答案Did6.(2017北京,33)People (have)better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.答案have7.(2017天津,8)I (drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.答案was driving8.(2017江苏,24)The publication of Great Expectations, which (be)both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.答案was9.(2016浙江,9)Silk (become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.答案had become10.(2016北京,23)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?—The new Star Wars. We (wait)here for more than two hours.答案have been waiting11.(2016北京,25)I (read)half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.答案have read12.(2016江苏,29)Dashan, who (learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.答案has been learning13.(2016北京,21)Jack (work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.答案was working14.(2015北京,26)In the last few years,China (make)great achievements in environmental protection.答案has made15.(2015北京,27)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?—Not really. She (give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.答案had given16.(2015北京,30)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right. I (call)him later.答案will call17.(2015江苏,30)The real reason why prices (be),and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.答案were18.(2015安徽,24)Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I (leave)my book in the cafe.答案had left19.(2015福建,30)—Where is Peter?I can’t find him anywhere.—He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since.答案has been writing20.(2015湖南,22)As you go through this book, you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.答案will find21.(2015湖南,25)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),“What do you wish me to do now?”答案asked22.(2015湖南,28)He must have sensed that I (look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”答案was looking23.(2015陕西,22)Marty (work)really hard on his bo ok and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.答案has been working/is working24.(2015重庆,1)—Is Peter coming?—No,he (change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.答案changed25.(2015湖南,27)It is important to remember that success (be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take)years to achieve.答案is;takes26.(2014北京,31)—What time is it?—I have no idea.But just a minute, I (check)it for you.答案will check27.(2014北京,32)I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start)when I arrived.答案had started28.(2014重庆,8)James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he(come)until yesterday.答案was coming/would come29.(2014福建,23)—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?—I went to Ningxia and (stay)there for one year,teaching as a volunteer. 答案stayed30.(2014安徽,23)The twins,who (finish)their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.答案had finished31.(2014陕西,22)During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends (recommend).答案had recommended32.(2014湖南,28)Since the time humankind started gardening, we (try)to make our environment more beautiful.答案have been trying33.(2014江西,24)—Tony, why are your eyes red?—I (cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.答案have been cutting考点二动词的语态1.(2018北京,9)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap)in the mountains for two days.答案had been trapped2.(2018天津,13)My washing machine (repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.答案is being repaired3.(2018江苏,30)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry)out in the past two years.答案had been carried4.(2017北京,29)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones (invent)yet.答案hadn’t been invented5.(2017天津,6)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming,(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.答案is regarded6.(2017江苏,27)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he (follow).答案was being followed7.(2016北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward)with success in the end.答案will be rewarded8.(2016江苏,22)More efforts, as reported, (make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.答案will be made9.(2015天津,9)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides.答案has been reached10.(2015北京,22)—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes. We (treat)well by our hosts.答案were treated11.(2015安徽,29)It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come.答案will be built12.(2015福建,26)To my delight,I (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.答案was chosen13.(2015四川,4)More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.答案will be built考点三情态动词和虚拟语气1.(2018北京,12)In today’s information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.答案can2.(2018北京,13)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive)a few more kilometers.答案had driven3.(2018天津,10)I can’t find my purse. I have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.答案could/might4.(2018天津,15)If we (catch)the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.答案had caught5.(2018江苏,27)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have)a second chance to become more involved.答案had6.(2017北京,21)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.答案can7.(2017北京,34)If the new safety system (put)to use, the accident would never have happened.答案had been put8.(2017天津,2)My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.答案needn’t9.(2017天津,15)—Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I (be)able to reach her yesterday.答案wouldn’t have been10.(2017江苏,22) (be)it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.答案Were11.(2016北京,31)I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.答案needn’t12.(2016北京,34)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you (tell)me, I could have helped.答案had told13.(2016天津,5)It was really annoying;I get access to the data bank you had recommended.答案couldn’t14.(2016江苏,27)If it (be)for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.答案had not been/hadn’t been15.(2015北京,34)If I (see)it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believ ed it. 答案hadn’t seen16.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me some trouble I known the schedule. 答案had17.(2015天津,13)I wish I (be)at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.答案had been18.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have)nowhere to stay now.答案would have19.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I (dance)as well as her.答案danced20.(2015北京,29)—Can’t you stay a little longer?—It’s getting late.I real ly go now. My daughter is home alone.答案must21.(2015浙江,4)It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.答案couldn’t22.(2014湖南,22)If Mr.Dewey (be)present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.答案had been23.(2014福建,32) (be)there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.答案Were24.(2014重庆,3)I’ve ordered some pizza,so we worry about cooking when we get home tired.答案needn’t25.(2014江苏,31)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.答案should【三年模拟】A组2017—2019年模拟·基础题组考点一动词的时态及主谓一致1.(2019浙江临海期中,44)But the first piece of meat he took with the fork (fall)onto the floor.答案fell2.(2019安徽江淮名校11月,46)For example, an advert in 1881 for French cigarettes (promise)that its product would “give immediate relief” to a list of medical conditions, including breathing problems.答案promised3.(2019浙江镇海中学10月,57)The woman from Baipu County, Jiangsu Province, (make)shoes since she was 19 years old, and this year marks her 31st year making cloth shoes.答案has been making/has made4.(2018浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测试,63)After ten days, all the work(pay)off. It made a big difference to Stevens’ life.答案paid5.(2018浙江金华十校一模,60)She said her grandmother (teach)her poetry before the age of three.答案taught6.(2018浙江10月大联考)Mr. Perkins always (wear)the same clothes as other men and ate the same food as other people.答案wore7.(2017浙江宁波十校联考,56)Born in a rural village on Christmas Day, 1642, he was so small that no one thought he (survive).答案would survive8.(2017浙江温州协作体联考, 61) He (bury)himself in mathematics and began developing a mathematical theory.答案buried考点二动词的语态1.(2019浙江六校期中联考,61)The ad said that basic knowledge of IT(require)for this position.答案was required2.(2019浙江稽阳联考,58)As the representative of Chinese art, it (know)as the most ancient artistic form in the eastern world.答案is known3.(2019河北衡水质检,2)What if you found out that all of your documents (wipe)from your computer?答案had been wiped4.(2019浙江杭州第二中学10月,65)I feel very proud that so far my dream (realize).答案has been realized5.(2018浙江绍兴10月模拟,58)My personality at this tune could (describe)as friendly and easily outgoing.答案be described6.(2018河北名校联盟, 66)When you go to university, you (teach)by professors who are leading figures in their study.答案will be taught7.(2018湖北重高联考,62) Among the various ways of celebration, a book which (name)The Bridge was particularly eye-catching.答案was named8.(2017浙江嘉兴高三月考,21)By that time, she (accept)by Yale University in the US.答案had been accepted9.(2017甘肃河西重点三校联考, 58)The girl (give)a certificate at the end of the program to show that she has learned computer skills.答案will be given考点三情态动词和虚拟语气1.(2019天津一中,19)He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he be quite charming when he wishes.答案can2.(2019北京海淀11月)If they (lose)the game to the visiting team yesterday, their coach would have been fired.答案had lost3.(2019北京海淀11月)Kelly failed Mr. Brown’s literature course. She have handed in the report earlier.答案should4.(2019天津一中,29)We would celebrate the victory together we win the game tomorrow.答案should5.(2019东北三校期中,12)The old lady insisted that the young man had hit her and that he (send)to the police station.答案(should)be sent6.(2018北京朝阳期中,4)He has no idea what the book is about. He have read it very carefully.答案can’t7.(2018北京海淀期中,32)The price on this packet is wrong. It be $2.50, not $3.50.答案should8.(2018北京期中联考,21)In China, you vote when you are 18.答案can9.(2018安徽淮南三市联考,65)I didn’t know your mobile phone number; otherwise I (call)you the moment I got to Canada.答案would have called10.(2018北京师范大学附中期末,21) The door open, no matter how hard she pushed.答案wouldn’tB组2017—2019年模拟·综合题组Passage 1(用所给动词的适当形式填空)My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1 (remind)me of myself.In the past,I 2 (be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shortest student in my class. Istarted getting depressed.However,someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3 (point)at me and laughed at me,I couldn’t he lp crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise,someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher,Miss Li. She said,“You 4 (be)perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5 (accept)you for who you 6 (be). But if you cannot accept yourself,then how will other people accept you?” I7 (inspire)by her words. Over the past few months,I 8 (learn)that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9 (love)me for who I am.Now,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10 (tell)me.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.reminds2.was3.pointed4.are5.will accept6.are7.was inspired8.have learned/learnt9.love10.toldPassage 2(用所给动词的适当形式填空)Sara:Thomas, your English 1 (be)so good. I wonder how you 2 (learn)it. Thomas:Well, in my country everyone has to learn English from the first grade. Sara:Wow,that’s interesting.However,when I 3 (visit)your family last year,it 4 (seem)there weren’t many people that could speak with me in English. Thomas:Oh,that’s because they are shy.They 5 (be)not accustomed to talking with foreigners.Although I 6 (learn)English for 10 years, when I first came to the US, I was really nervous about speaking with the people here.Sara:I see.I thought there 7 (be)lots of Americans teaching English in your country.Thomas:Yes,that’s true.There are more American teachers now than there8 (be)five years ago,but they are mostly in cities. My family lives in the country.Sara:I wonder why. Personally I 9 (prefer)the country to the city. I like the life there. It’s so quiet,peaceful and beautiful. If I10 (teach),I would want to teach in the country.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.is2.learned/learnt3.visited4.seemed5.are6.had learned/learnt7.were8.were9.prefer10.taughtPassage 3(用所给动词的适当形式填空)It was getting dark when I 1 (get)home.It was cold and I 2 (wear)a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out my key but I 3 (can)not find it.I suddenly remembered that I 4 (leave)it on my desk in the office.It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 5 (be)at home and the children must have come back from school by now,so I 6 (knock)at the door.There was no answer,so I knocked again.I continued knocking at the door for some time.I was getting angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy 7 (tell)me at noon.He said that my wife 8 (phone)saying that she 9 (go)shopping in the afternoon with the children.There 10 (be)only one thing for me to do:I had to climb in through a window. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.got2.was wearing3.could4.had left5.was6.knocked7.had told8.had phoned9.would go10.wasPassage 4(综合填空)Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 (be)the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn’t. However,people believe if Peter2 (work)as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.At home,their parents suggest that they 3 (finish)their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 4 (be)OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.One day,when doing his homework,Tom found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise book,he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter,“How I wish you 5 (be)as diligent as your brother!Now it’s time that I 6 (give)you a good lesson. And you 7 play any computer games for a month!”“Oh,no!Mom.8 a computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 9 (ask)me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.“If you10 (finish)your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now,” said the mother.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.were2.worked3.(should)finish4.is5.were6.gave/should give7.mustn’t8.Without9.asked10.had finishedPassage 5(综合填空)Tom:Hi,Mr.Smith. 1 you give me a hand?Mr.Smith:Of course.You 2 hesitate to ask me for help.What’s the matter with you?Tom:My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school. Mr.Smith:What do you usually do after school?Tom:I usually go to the playground to play basketball. But I know that I 3 go home first.Mr.Smith:Why don’t you go home directly?Tom:My mother usually says,“Every student 4 do their homework first after school, and that is a rule for all of the students.” You see, if I 5 (do)my homework first now, I couldn’t have a rest or relax. I am so tired.Mr.Smith:Both you and your mum are reasonable. As a mother,she believes that you 6 never work too hard, while you think you need some time to have a rest.Does your mother know what you think?Tom:No.Even if I 7 (tell)her before,she wouldn’t have understood it.Mr.Smith:I don’t think you are right.I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you.Besides, you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you 8 as well learn to communicate with her.Tom:Thank you for your advice.It is high time I 9 (talk)with her.Mr.Smith:I 10 agree more.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.Can/Could2.needn’t3.should4.shall5.did6.can7.had told8.might9.talked/should talk10.can’t。
课标专用5年高考3年模拟A版2021高考英语专题十五书面表达课件
【例2】 And we can also know the society by serving it yourself. 解析 句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。应将we改为you 或将yourself改为ourselves。 答案 And we can also know the society by serving it ourselves./And you can also know the society by serving it yourself. 2.修饰语错位 英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能发生 变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有给予足够的重视,因而造成误解。
2.修饰语错位 英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能发生 变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有给予足够的重视,因而造成误解。 【例3】 He believes he can do it well and he will better know the world outside the campus. 解析 better位置不当,应置于句末。 答案 He believes he can do it well and he will know the world outside the campus better.
或更多的谓语,但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。如: China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.(两个主 语,一个谓语) 中国和中国人民在很多方面以难以置信的速度进步。
Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention by people.(两个谓语,一个主语) 计算机对人类很重要,并越来越受到人们的重视。 2.并列句(Compound Sentence) 并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列 的、对等的。从语法上讲,所谓“并列”“对等”是指任何一个主谓结构 都能独立地表达意思,谁也不从属于谁。尽管如此,这些主谓结构在意思或 逻辑上也有一定程度的内在联系。否则,它们就可能被分别写成简单句,而
5年高考3年模拟A版浙江省2024年高考英语总复习专题十七概要写作教师用书含解析
专题十七概要写作挖命题【考情探究】考点考查内容考查方式考情分析2024.11 2024.6 2024.11 2024.6 2024.10概要写作1.对原文主旨及要点的理解和呈现状况;2.概括要点时语法结构和词汇应用的精确性;3.概要文章上下文的连贯性;4.对各要点表达的独立性状况供应一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要在申请高校之前,最好亲自去目标学校看一下。
假如时间和金钱不允许,就在网上获得信息分析解读概要写作是综合性的写作考查。
要求考生首先对原文有精确的理解、对原文的结构和要点有精确的把握,然后再用高级的语法结构及合适的连接词写出包含全部要点的短文。
所以,考生要想做好本题,就必需留意以下几点:(1)精确理解文章。
(2)把握文章的各个要点。
(3)运用精确的语法结构、丰富的词汇和合适的连接词。
(4)运用自己的语言表述,不要照抄原文中的句子。
【真题典例】阅读下面短文,依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校内)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make 概要写作的文章一般都是说明文或争论文。
12.专题十二 猜测词义(试题部分) 【2021版《5年高考3年模拟》A版 课标版英语教师用书】
专题十二猜测词义探考情悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ课标全国Ⅲ2019第25题第21题,第25题第26题2018第29题第26题第32题2017第33题第26题第29题2016第29题第27题,第30题第26题,第30题2015第31题第22题——考点内容要求学生能够读懂书籍、报纸、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息,根据上下文推断生词的词义。
分析解读猜测词义题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句意的能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
它不仅涉及学生的语言水平,还涉及学生的语言应用能力和综合素质等方面。
猜测词义题虽不是阅读测试的重点,但也是常考题目,是对学生多方面综合能力的考查。
因此,今后的高考中这类试题也将保持平稳趋势,而且试题增加了对短语、句意的猜测的考查．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
近几年猜测词义题难度略有增加,需在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
【五年高考】A组统一命题·课标卷题组Passage1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:329For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.,today is speech day,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.The8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes,he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants,Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year,when called upon to read,Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains,“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language,to feel confident enough to say,‘I don’t know,but I want to know.’”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself,and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”1.What made Chris nervous?A.Telling a story.B.Making a speech.C.Taking a test.D.Answering a question.2.What does the underlined word“stumbles” in paragraph2refer to?A.Improper pauses.B.Bad manners.C.Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes.3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to.A.help students see their own strengthsB.assess students’public speaking skillsC.prepare students for their future jobsD.inspire students’love for politics4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.答案1.B2.A3.A4.CPassage2(2019课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数:264My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress,Miss Trunchbull,are equally funny and frightening,but they’re also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters—Eri,a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping,and Mari,a young student.In trying to connect to her sister,Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people”who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did,but the horror story is brilliant.There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.After a serious flu outbreak wipes out99.4%of the world’s population,a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.1.Who does“I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.2.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.C.After Dark.D.The Stand.3.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A.A folk tale.B.A biography.C.A love story.D.A horror story.答案1.C2.C3.DPassage3(2019课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:338“You can use me as a last resort(选择),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,I’ll do it.”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense,I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies?1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph1?A.She knows little about the club.B.She isn’t good at sports.C.She just doesn’t want to volunteer.D.She’s unable to meet her schedule.2.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph2mean?A.Encourage teamwork.B.Appeal to feelings.C.Promote good deeds.D.Provide advice.3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph3?A.She gets interested in lacrosse.B.She is proud of her kids.C.She’ll work for another season.D.She becomes a good helper.4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A.It gives her a sense of duty.B.It makes her very happy.C.It enables her to work hard.D.It brings her material rewards.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage4(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:294Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps12,000languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about6,800languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around200languages;the Americas about1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over400of the total of6,800languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph2?plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than6,000people at present?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案1.B2.C3.B4.CPassage5(2018课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:258Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries,strawberries are highest in vitamin C,although,because of their seeds,raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质),iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein).Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries(樱桃),they are so delicious.Whocares?However,they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits,frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”.For this purpose,select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks,depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.。
《5年高考3年模拟》A版教师用书配套课件北京版英语 (11)
第三部分书面表达专题十四书面表达挖命题【考情探究】内容五年高考试题2014北京卷2015北京卷2016北京卷2017北京卷2018北京卷第一节要求考生根据所给提示,用英语写一篇不少于50词的短文应用文应用文应用文应用文应用文第二节要求考生根据所给情景,用英语写一篇不少于60词的短文。
记叙事情的经过情景作文情景作文情景作文情景作文情景作文分析解读近五年北京市高考一直保持考查两篇作文的模式,第一节作文以交流为目的,更加关注学生是否能够使用恰当的语言完成书面交际任务。
第二节作文以记叙经历的一件事为主,用图片来传递事情的主要内容,话题贴近学生的生活。
【真题典例】真题再现假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请给你的美国朋友Jim写一封邮件,告诉他你打算参加龙舟训练营,希望他一起参加。
邮件的内容包括:1.介绍训练营的相关内容(例如:时间、地点、参加者等);2.说明你打算参加的原因;3.询问对方的意向。
注意:1.词数不少于50;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
提示词:龙舟训练营Dragon Boat Training Camp 写作点拨此题为提纲类作文,写作时需要将提纲中所列要点全部涵盖,可以适当增添与主旨紧密相关的细节。
写作时主要使用第一人称和第三人称,时态主要包括一般现在时和一般将来时。
由于文章是邮件,写作时要Dear Jim,Yours, Li Hua体现交流的功能,不要仅在开头“打招呼”、在结尾“说再见”,考生应在字里行间自然地流露出与收信人的沟通。
范文一览范文解读Dear Jim,I m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.I intend to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp.I wonder if you d like to go with me.This camp will open on July 20th.It offers teenagers,like you and me,a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.If you are interested in it,let me know and I ll send you more information.Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer.Yours, Li Hua信件开门见山,告诉收信人写信的目的和自己的打算并询问对方是否愿意参加。
课标专用5年高考3年模拟A版2021高考英语专题十一推理判断试题
专题十一 推理判断探考情 悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ2019第26题,第27题,第31题,第32题第23题,第24题,第26题, 第27题,第32题,第34题 第25题, 第29题, 第31题, 第34题, 第35题 2018第25题,第26题,第28题,第32题,第35题第25题,第27题,第34题 第24题, 第26题, 第28题, 第30题, 第34题 2017第23题,第24题,第27题,第29题,第30题第24题,第27题,第29题,第30题,第33题,第34题,第35题第24题, 第26题, 第27题,第30题,第31题 2016第24题,第26题,第28题,第32题,第33题第26题,第28题,第29题,第33题,第34题 第27题,第31题,第33题 2015第24题,第28题,第33题,第34题,第35题 第21题,第24题,第29题,第30题,第31题 —— 考点 内容 要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进行合理的推断,判断作者的意图,人物的动机、目的及性格特征,事件发生的前因后果等。
分析解读高考推理判断题主要考查考生:(1)推断隐含意义的能力．．．．．．．．．。
(2)推断作者的观点或态度的能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
(3)推断写作目的的能力．．．．．．．．．。
(4)推断文章出处的能力．．．．．．．．．。
(5)推断上下文内容的能力．．．．．．．．．．。
要求考生在阅读过程中贯通表面意思和内涵,并把已知和未知的信息联系起来,以文章所提供的事实为依据,经过分析思考而形成一定的观点。
考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实,在通盘理解文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意,并作出正确的推断。
【五年高考】A组统一命题·课标卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:261As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing.C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?puters are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A.It’ll be environment-friendly.B.It’ll reach consumers soon.C.It’ll be made of plastics.D.It’ll help speed up typing.4.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebook.C.A novel.D.A magazine.答案1.D2.C3.B4.DPassage 2(2019课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:313Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usuallytwo or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.1.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.2.What did street sales mean to newspapers?A.They would be priced higher.B.They would disappear from cities.C.They could have more readers.D.They could regain public trust.3.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A.Local politicians.mon people.C.Young publishers.D.Rich businessmen.4.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A.It was a difficult process.B.It was a temporary success.C.It was a robbery of the poor.D.It was a disaster for printers.答案1.B2.C3.B4.APassage 3(2019课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:329Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0~25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quant ity is represented in their brains,” Dr. Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”1.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A.They fed them.B.They named them.C.They trained them.D.They measured them.2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A.By drawing a circle.B.By touching a screen.C.By watching videos.D.By mixing two drinks.3.What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys?A.They could perform basic addition.B.They could understand simple words.C.They could memorize numbers easily.D.They could hold their attention for long.4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.cation.D.Science.答案1.C2.B3.A4.DPassage 4(2018课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:351We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’room, and suddenlyone day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one research er. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.2.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage 5(2018课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:368While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are .A.following the latest world trendB.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever beforeD.relying on foreign architects2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B.Its large size.C.Its unique style.D.Its diverse functions.3.What made Wang’s architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A.Spread them to the world.B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.D.Recreate them in practice.答案1.B2.C3.D4.DPassage 6(2017课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:290I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It’s unexpected.B.It’s beautiful.C.It’s humorous.D.It’s discouraging.答案1.A2.C3.A4.BPassage 7(2017课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:288When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are naturalenemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happenedto“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.答案1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage 8(2017课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:274Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置)was also areason.“This used to be the center of town,”he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was done with the help of the audience.D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of the town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suitable.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappointed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They are supportive of the city officials.D.They are eager to have a shopping center.答案1.B2.D3.C4.BPassage 9(2016课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:293You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860—1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907—1964)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O’Connor(1930—present)When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913—2005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,”said Parks.1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.2.What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day O’Connor.D.Rosa Parks.4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.答案1.A2.C3.D4.CPassage 10(2016课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:293A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-ratephoto-journalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott haddone. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A.They were made last week.B.They showed undersea sceneries.C.They were found by a cameraman.D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A.Frank Hurley.B.Ernest Shackleton.C.Robert Falcon Scott.D.Caroline Alexander.3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A.Artistic creation.B.Scientific research.C.Money making.D.Treasure hunting.答案1.D2.C3.CPassage 11(2016课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:279If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’ lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.。
5年高考3年模拟A版浙江省年高考英语总复习专题十二词义猜测教师用书含解析0516310.docx
专题十二词义猜测挖命题【考情探究】分析解读 1.词义猜测题考查考生根据上下文的语境推断生词词义的能力,同时也考查考生对语境的正确分析和把握能力。
该题型出现的题量不是很大,但是一般都有一定的难度,是具有区分度的题目之一。
2.所猜测内容一般是超纲的比较生僻的单词或词组,有时也会是一个句子。
3.除了指代关系的设题,正确选项一般是该词或词组的近义词或释义。
该近义词或释义能够从该词所在的句子上下文中得到足够明确的信息。
而错误选项一般也可以通过上下文的语义予以排除。
过专题【五年高考】A组2018年全国高考题组Passage 1(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:294Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案1.B2.C3.B4.CPassage 2(2018课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:258Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious. Who cares?However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party;they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.1.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A.They contain protein.B.They are high in vitamin A.C.They have a pleasant taste.D.They are rich in antioxidants.2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A.To make them smell better.B.To keep their colour.C.To speed up their ripening.D.To improve their nutrition.3.What is“a juicer”in the last paragraph?A.A dessert.B.A drink.C.A container.D.A machine.4.From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A research paper.D.A travel brochure.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage 3(2018课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:304Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions:How do we make it a habit for them?And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less?Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball—simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.The more, the better.B.Enough is enough.C.More money, more worries.D.Earn more and spend more.2.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A.Saving up for her holiday.B.Raising money for a poor girl.C.Adding the money to her fund.D.Giving the money to a sick mother.3.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A.To try out an idea.B.To show a parent’s love.C.To train his attention.D.To help him start a hobby.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Take It or Leave ItB.A Lesson from KidsC.Live More with LessD.The Pleasure of Giving答案1.A2.C3.A4.CPassage 4(2018北京,D)词数:479Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient,affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars?Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless carscan .A.help deal with transportation-related problemsB.provide better services to customersC.cause damage to our environmentD.make some people lose jobs2.As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?A.Safety.B.Side effects.C.Affordability.D.Management.3.What does the underlined word“fielded”in Paragraph 4 pro bably mean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.答案1.A2.D3.A4.BB组2014—2017年全国高考题组Unit 1Passage 1(2017课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunat ely, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5'×5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体)with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It’s delicate.B.It’s expensive.C.It’s complex.D.It’s portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet’s center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet答案1.D2.B3.C4.DPassage 2(2017课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:288When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. B ecause we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happenedto“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can se e and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.答案1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage 3(2017天津,C)词数:330This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage over personal injury;that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race;and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email, say—the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,”says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human“be watchful and monitoring the road”at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars,”Merat says.“You know—no driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US, however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to .A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully automatic drivingC.protect drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent serious property damage3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.B.It should be the main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D.It should involve no human responsibility.4.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in .A.SingaporeB.the UKC.the USD.Germany5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents答案1.D2.B3.D4.C5.APassage 4(2017江苏,D)词数:690Old Problem, New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climatechange. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接)to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level:his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .A.adaptation is an ever-changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation to climate change is challenging2.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?A.The project receives government support.B.Different organizations work with each other.C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A.Storing ice for future use.B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.C.Changing the irrigation time.D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4.What do we learn from the Peru example?A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C.This country is heating up too quickly.D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5.According to the author, polluting industries should .A.adapt to carbon pollutionB.plant highly profitable cropsC.leave carbon emission aloneD.fight against carbon pollution6.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?A.Setting up a new standard.B.Reducing carbon emission.C.Adapting to climate change.D.Monitoring polluting industries.答案1.A2.C3.A4.D5.D6.BUnit 2Passage 1(2017江苏,B)词数:346Red-backed fairy wrens(鹪鹩),which live in northern and eastern Australia, lay three or four eggs at a time.Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But When it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular“feed me!”call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inferenc e can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”1.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“”.A.be the worstB.be the bestC.be just as badD.be just as good2.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?A.Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.C.The data collected from Queensland’s locals.D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.3.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .A.can receive quality signalsB.are in need of trainingC.fit the environment betterD.make the loudest call答案1.B2.A3.CPassage 2(2016课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:269I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long th ey last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:“Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything.。
课标5年高考3年模拟A版21高考英语专题三形容词副词数词课件
⑧energy-saving 节省能源的
⑨grass-eating 食草的
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课标5年高考3年模拟A版
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⑩snow-white 雪白的 ten-year-old 十岁的 four-storied 四层的
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二、副词的基本用法 1.副词的句法功能
grey→greyer→greyest (2)有少数几个双音节词以及以 -er和 -le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最 高级形式。
common→commoner/more common→commonest/most common
clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever
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课标5年高考3年模拟A版
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三、表示倍数的几个句型
句型 倍数+as...as... 倍数+比较级+than... 倍数+the+名词+of... 倍数+what从句 倍数+that/those of...
例句
At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain.
一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 1.规则变化
构成
原级
比较级
最高级
一般加 -er, -est
strong强壮的
stronger较强壮的
strongest最强壮的
以字母e结尾只加 -r,-st late晚的
later较晚的
latest最晚的
以一个辅音字母结尾 hot热的 的重读闭音节词,双写 thin瘦的 这一辅音字母后再加 er,-est
5年高考3年模拟A版浙江省2020年高考英语总复习附录一构词法教师用书含解析
附录一构词法一、派生(一)后缀法1.变名词(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在exist—existence 发生occur—occurrence查阅/参考refer—reference更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference不同differ—difference 接受accept—acceptance出现/外表appear—appearance 履行perform—performance抵制resist—resistance 指导guide—guidance进入enter—entrance 保险insure—insurance帮助assist—assistance忍受 endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produce—production 介绍introduce—introduction消费consume—consumption 减少reduce—reduction认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition毁灭 destroy—destruction 描写describe—description打断 interrupt—interruption 采纳/收养 adopt—adoption 防止 prevent—prevention接收/接待处receive—reception解决 solve—solution 进化evolve—evolution建议 suggest—suggestion 编辑/版本 edit—edition展览 exhibit—exhibition 打算/意图 intend—intention认出recognize—recognition 解释/定义 define—definition保护 protect—protection 方向/指导direct—direction指令 instruct—instruction 建设construct—construction注射 inject—injection 感染 infect—infection驳斥 reject—rejection反对 object—objection/oppose—opposition连接connect—connection 收集 collect—collection纠正 correct—correction 视察 inspect—inspection挑选select—selection 选举 elect—election限制 restrict—restriction抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction保留 reserve—reservation 保存 preserve—preservation保护conserve—conservation 观察observe—observation挨饿starve—starvation 组织organize—organization文明 civilize—civilization 认识 realize—realization考试examine—examination 决定determine—determination形成form—formation 通知 inform—information想象 imagine—imagination 运输transport—transportation 邀请invite—invitation 期待expect—expectation诱惑 tempt—temptation 改编/适应 adapt—adaptation移民 immigrate—immigration 模仿 imitate—imitation准备prepare—preparation 探索explore—exploration考虑consider—consideration 宣布 declare—declaration装饰 decorate—decoration 激发/灵感 inspire—inspiration 放松/休闲 relax—relaxation交流communicate—communication占用/职业 occupy—occupation满足satisfy—satisfaction 申请/应用 apply—application暗示 imply—implication推荐 recommend—recommendation口译/理解 interpret—interpretation结合 combine—combination 操作/手术 operate—operation犹豫hesitate—hesitation 教育educate—education定位 locate—location 指出 indicate—indication参加 participate—participation计算 calculate—calculation欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation联想/协会 associate—association分离 separate—separation 冬眠 hibernate—hibernation赔偿 compensate—compensation调查 investigate—investigation庆祝 celebrate—celebration祝贺 congratulate—congratulation翻译 translate—translation积累 accumulate—accumulation加速 accelerate—acceleration 捐赠 donate—donation解放liberate—liberation 动力motivate—motivation革新innovate—innovation集中concentrate—concentration游行/示威 demonstrate—demonstration贡献contribute—contribution 分发 distribute—distribution 促进 promote—promotion致力 devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication沮丧 frustrate—frustration/depress—depression印象impress—impression 表达express—expression拥有/财产possess—possession讨论discuss—discussion扩大 expand—expansion延伸extend—extension承认 admit—admission 允许 permit—permission排放 emit—emission 爆炸explode—explosion结论conclude—conclusion 决定 decide—decision划分divide—division 迷惑confuse—confusion(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告 advertise—advertisement 同意 agree—agreement惊奇amaze—amazement 吃惊 astonish—astonishment通告announce—announcement 安排 arrange—arrangement 评估assess—assessment 发展 develop—development失望disappoint—disappointment雇用/就业employ—employment鼓舞 encourage—encouragement款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment装备 equip—equipment统治/政府govern—government改进improve—improvement 投资 invest—investment卷入 involve—involvement 管理 manage—management惩罚 punish—punishment 要求 require—requirement退休 retire—retirement定居/定居处settle—settlement阐述/陈述 state—statement 对待/治疗treat—treatment 以……为基础/地下室base—basement铺/人行道 pave—pavement完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment(4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.—n.意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness苦bitter—bitterness 盲目blind—blindness冷静 calm—calmness 聪明 clever—cleverness疯狂crazy—craziness 渴望 eager—eagerness公平fair—fairness 愚蠢 foolish—foolishness适合 fit—fitness 幸福/愉快happy—happiness疾病ill—illness 友好 kind—kindness懒惰 lazy—laziness 孤独lonely—loneliness宁静 quiet—quietness 悲伤 sad—sadness严重性 serious—seriousness 甜美sweet—sweetness稳定 steady—steadiness 厚度thick—thickness累 tired—tiredness 弱点 weak—weakness冷/冷淡 cold—coldness惶恐不安nervous—nervousness思乡 homesick—homesickness粗心 careless—carelessness 自私selfish—selfishness 无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness(5)-age结尾的名词:婚姻marry—marriage 短缺short—shortage储存store—storage 包裹pack—package车厢carry—carriage 通道pass—passage(6)-th结尾的名词:温暖warm—warmth 真理true—truth死亡dead—death 成长grow—growth(7)-ure结尾的名词:快乐please—pleasure 离开depart—departure暴露expose—exposure 压力press—pressure失败fail—failure 混合mix—mixture签名sign—signature(8)-ce结尾的名词:adj.—n.缺席 absent—absence 出席present—presence信心 confident—confidence 方便 convenient—convenience 不同different—difference 勤奋 diligent—diligence远的/距离distant—distance明显的/证据evident—evidence优秀excellent—excellence 重要important—importance独立 independent—independence天真/无辜innocent—innocence智力 intelligent—intelligence 公正 just—justice耐心patient—patience 浪漫 romantic—romance沉默silent—silence 暴力violent—violencev.—n.冒犯 offend—offence防御 defend—defense(AmE)—defence(BrE)建议 advise—advice 设施 devise—device(9)-dom结尾的名词:自由free—freedom 王国king—kingdom智慧wise—wisdom(10)-hood结尾的名词:孩童时代childhood 男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood(11)-ship结尾的名词:所有权ownership 锦标赛championship友谊friendship 手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship 领导才能leadership艰难hardship 关系relationship(12)-ing结尾的名词:农业farming 变暖warming园艺gardening 学业schooling绘画painting 意思meaning绘画drawing 训练training录音tape-recording 衣物clothing感觉feeling 十字路口crossing工资earnings 问候greeting储蓄savings 所发生的事情happenings发现findings 财产belongings痛苦suffering 贡品offering环境surroundings 保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting 射击shooting摔跤wrestling2.变形容词(1)-y结尾的形容词:n.—adj.阳光灿烂的sun—sunny 多雨的rain—rainy被雪覆盖的snow—snowy 有风的wind—windy有暴风雨的storm—stormy 寒冷的chill—chilly多雾的fog—foggy 有霜的frost—frosty冰冷的ice—icy 阴沉的gloom—gloomy布满星星的star—starry 泥泞的mud—muddy布满灰尘的dust—dusty 脏的dirt—dirty健康的health—healthy 富有的wealth—wealthy霸道的boss—bossy 臭的smell—smelly美味的taste—tasty 咸的salt—salty皮包骨的skin—skinny 贪婪的greed—greedy迅速的speed—speedy 狡猾的/棘手的trick—trickyv.—adj.爱挑剔的choose—choosy/pick—picky黏的stick—sticky 悦耳易记的 catch—catchy害怕的 scare—scary 滑溜的slip—slippery(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:n.—adj.全球的globe—global 文化的 culture—cultural农业的 agriculture—agricultural 情景的situation—situational 有条件的 condition—conditional环境的environment—environmental化学的chemistry—chemical 医学的medicine—medical原始的origin—original 政治的politics—political实际的practice—practical 理论的 theory—theoretical音乐的 music—musical 感情的 emotion—emotional国家的nation—national 自然的nature—natural个人的person—personal 偶尓的occasion—occasional精神上的mind—mental 身体上的physics—physical偶然的accident—accidental教育的education—educational技术上的technique—technical心理上的 psychology—psychological沿海的 coast—coastal种族的race—racial 面部的 face—facial工业的industry—industrial 金融的finance—financial 商业的commerce—commercial 官方的office—official 有益的 benefit—beneficial 典型的type—typical有影响的 influence—influential(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:感激的thank—thankful=grateful充足的plenty—plentiful 美丽的 beauty—beautiful成功的success—successful 可怕的awe—awful忠实的faith—faithful 和平的 peace—peaceful高兴的 joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful=enjoyable非常干净的spot—spotless无休止的end—endless 无家可归的 home—homeless无工作的 job—jobless=unemployed身无分文的penny—penniless无私的 self—selfless=unselfish无目标的 aim—aimless无线的 wire—wireless 无限的 limit—limitless珍贵的/无价的price—priceless=invaluable毫无价值的 value—valueless/worth—worthless无语的 speech—speechless上气不接下气的breath—breathless小心的,粗心的 care—careful,careless多彩的,无色的color—colorful,colorless有用的,无用的use—useful,useless成果丰硕的,无成效的fruit—fruitful,fruitless强大的,无能力的power—powerful,powerless有意义的,无意义的meaning—meaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless 痛苦的,不痛的pain—painful,painless后悔的,无悔的regret—regretful,regretless有害的,无害的harm—harmful,harmless闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restless优雅的,粗鲁的grace—graceful,graceless抱有希望的,无望的hope—hopeful,hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的 help—helpful,helpless考虑周到的/不周到的 thought—thoughtful,thoughtless(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:n.—adj.许多的number—numerous多山的mountain—mountainous冒险的adventure—adventurous 紧张的 nerve—nervous有毒的 poison—poisonous 危险的danger—dangerous灾难的disaster—disastrous 小心的caution—cautious营养的 nutrition—nutritious 宗教的 religion—religious宽敞的 space—spacious有抱负的 ambition—ambitious 神秘的 mystery—mysterious (5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾的形容词:(不)可预见的 predict—(un)predictable(不)可避免的 avoid—(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget—(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire—(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort—(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor—(un)favorable(不)合适的suit—(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear—(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure—(un)endurable(不)可信的believe—(un)believable(不)可信的credit—(in)credible(不)可接近的 access—(in)accessible看(不)见的view—(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure—(in)curable支付得起的afford—affordable适应力强的adapt—adaptable可更新的renew—renewable便携的port—portable多变的change—changeable可吃的eat—eatable可依靠的rely—reliable可行的 work—workable有价值的value—valuable合理的reason—reasonable高兴的enjoy—enjoyable流行的 fashion—fashionable(6)-tive结尾的形容词:v.—adj.多产的produce—productive 迷人的attract—attractive 有创造力的create—creative 保护的protect—protective预防性的prevent—preventative 健谈的talk—talkative 可供替代的alter—alternative 相关的 relate—relative 有教育意义的instruct—instructive有竞争力的compete—competitiven.—adj.有效的effect—effective 贵的expense—expensive(7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:系统的system—systematic 科学的 science—scientific 戏剧般的drama—dramatic浪漫的 romance—romantic有同情心的 sympathy—sympathetic精力充沛的energy—energetic(8)-en结尾的形容词:羊毛的 wool—woolen金色的 gold—golden木制的 wood—wooden(9)以-some结尾的形容词:英俊的 hand—handsome 令人惊叹的 awe—awesome令人烦恼的 trouble—troublesome烦人的 tire—tiresome(10)-ly结尾的形容词:致命的dead—deadly 活跃的 live—lively友好的 friend—friendly 兄弟般的brother—brotherly有次序的 order—orderly 昂贵的 cost—costly每月的month—monthly 每天的day—daily3.变动词(1)-fy结尾的动词:净化pure—purify 简化simple—simplify美化 beautiful—beautify 使合理化 just—justify使恐惧terrible—terrify 使震惊horrible—horrify合格化quality—qualify 分类class—classify(2)-ize结尾的动词:adj.—v.认识到 real—realize 使现代化modern—modernize使工业化industrial—industrialize使普及 popular—popularize 集权central—centralize 使全球化 global—globalize 使理想化 ideal—idealize 使稳定 stable—stabilize 使正常化normal—normalize 社会化social—socialize 使专门化special—specialize n.—v.使物质化material—materialize总结summary—summarize记忆memory—memorize(3)-en结尾的动词:变暗dark—darken 加快quick—quicken削尖 sharp—sharpen 削弱 weak—weaken松开 loose—loosen 变紧 tight—tighten软化 soft—soften 使更明亮bright—brighten恶化 bad—worsen 减少little—lessen减轻/变亮light—lighten 变黑black—blacken加宽broad—broaden 缩短 short—shorten adj.—n.—v.加深 deep—depth—deepen 加长long—length—lengthen 加宽wide—width—widen 加高high—height—heighten加强 strong—strength—strengthen(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):n.—v.洗澡bath—bathe 呼吸breath—breathe 给……穿衣cloth—clothe(二)前缀法1.超过over-:无意中听到overhear 超过overtake睡过头oversleep 推翻overthrow/overturn 人口过剩overpopulation 克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook2.重新re-:康复/找回recover 脱(衣服等)/移开remove 续借/更换/续签renew 回收利用recycle替代replace 使恢复精力 refresh改革 reform 复习review3.前的fore-:预告 foretell 前额 forehead预报forecast 预知 foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition 预告 predict战前的 pre-war 幼儿园preschool预演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife 前总统 ex-president6.后的post-:战后的 post-war 研究生 postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒体的multimedia 多元文化的multicultural 多项选择的 multiple-choice8.远的tele-:电话telephone 电视television电报telegram 电信telecommunications望远镜telescope9.相互的inter-:面试interview 国际的international互联网Internet 相互作用 interact10.微小的micro-:麦克风microphone 微波microwave微软microsoft 显微镜microscope11.自动的auto-:汽车automobile 自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph 自动地automatically12.副的vice-:副总统 vice-president 副总理 vice-premier 13.生态的 eco-:生态学 ecology 生态系统 ecosystem生态友好的 eco-friendly14.中国的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese 中石化 Sinopec15.潜/次一级 sub-:潜意识(的)subconscious 亚热带的 subtropical 地铁subway 潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban 副标题subtitle16.半semi-:半熟练的 semi-skilled 半决赛semi-final 17.三tri-:三轮车tricycle 三角形 triangle18.横跨trans-:转移 transfer 转变transform传播transmit 移植 transplant(三)否定的前缀或后缀1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活跃的inactive 不贵的 inexpensive缺乏经验的 inexperienced 随便的 informal 不完整的incomplete 不方便的inconvenient 独立的independent 间接的indirect不重要的 insignificant无能力的 incapable/incompetent不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature 不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect 不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite 不合逻辑的illogical不合法的illegal 不规则的irregular不负责的 irresponsible2.un-不寻常的unusual 不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不确定的uncertain 不受欢迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon 不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant 不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful 没被注意的unnoticed不整洁的untidy 不合理的unreasonable未完成的 unfinished/undone脱衣 undress 打开unfold卸车unload 开……的锁 unlock解冻unfreeze 出土/挖掘 unearth拧开unscrew 解开undo/unpack揭露uncover3.dis-消失disappear 不鼓励discourage揭露 disclose 发现discover不同意 disagree 不同意 disapprove不服从disobey 不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied 可耻的 disgraceful弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder4.mis-误导(v.)mislead 误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand 滥用 misuse误解(n.)misunderstanding 拼错 misspell不信任 mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft 防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争 Anti-Japanese War 反社会的antisocial 6.de-降级 degrade 减少decrease贬值 devalue 解冻 defrost毁林 deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat 信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的 ill-mannered 不合时宜的ill-timed不合适的ill-fitting 没教养的 ill-bred考虑欠周的ill-considered 时运不济的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten 不健康 ill health8.non-非营利的non-profit 直达的non-stop不吸烟者non-smoker 防滑的non-slip废话nonsense 非暴力non-violence不可再生资源 non-renewable resources9.-free无忧无虑的carefree 无利息的 interest-free免税的duty-free10.-proof防水的 waterproof 防震的 shockproof二、转化(一)动词与名词的转换:如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage.支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.背后(n.)She’s the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.2.领导(v.)He headed the rebellion.使……对着某处行进(v.)He headed his boat for the shore.头(n.)He was shot in the head,dead.3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.(二)动词与形容词的转换:如:1.越过(v.)The dog succeeded in clearing the fence.清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.2.打扫(v.)Your shoes need cleaning.干净的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.3.意味着(v.)What do you mean by saying that?吝啬的(adj.)He has always been mean with his money.(三)形容词与名词的转换:身体好的/井 well 好的/罚款 fine公平的/展览会 fair 主要的/首领 chief耐心的/病人 patient 安全的/保险箱 safe坚定的/公司 firm 稳定的/马厩stable。
《5年高考3年模拟》A版教师用书配套课件北京版英语 (5)
第二部分语言知识运用第一节完形填空专题六完形填空挖命题【考情探究】完形填空考频统计年份考点20182017201620152014动词68999名词65465代词00000形容词35433副词20111介词11111连词21101考点内容完形填空要求考生根据文章的整体内容,区分结构的层次和内容的逻辑关系,去选择适合文章情节的答案。
分析解读北京市近五年高考完形填空的语篇全部为记叙文,词数在300—450之间,设空20个。
语篇以励志型文章为主,故事主线与情感主线并行。
北京市高考完形填空几乎不对语法或单词辨析进行单独考查,而是侧重将词汇的使用放在上下文语境中进行考查。
通常情况下,每道题的四个选项词性相同,考查频率最高的是动词,其次是名词。
完形填空需要考生关注前后句逻辑、上下文的呼应,围绕文章主线来进行作答。
【真题典例】真题再现The Homeless HeroFor many,finding an unattended．．．．．．．．．．wallet filled with￡400in cash would be a source(来源)of temptation(诱惑).But the 1 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 2more remarkable．．．．．．．．．．.After spotting a 3 on the front seat inside a parked car with itswindow down,he stood．．．．．guard．．．．．in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 4 to return.After hours in the cold and wet,he 5 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系)the driver,only to 6 it contained￡400in notes,with another￡50in spare change beside it.He．．then．．．．took．．．．the．．．wallet．．．．．．to．．a．nearby．．．．．．police．．．．．．station．．．．．．．after．．．．．7．a．note．．．．behind．．．．．．to．．let．．．the．．．owner．．．．．know．．．．it．．was．．．safe.．．．．．When the car s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth￡35,000—in Glasgow city centre,they were8 to find two policemen standing next to it.The policemen told them what Mr.Smith did and that the wallet was9 .The pair were later able to thank Mr.Smith for his10 .Mr.Anderson said:“I couldn t believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight11 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and12 he didn t take the wallet for himself;he thought about others13 .It s unbelievable.It just proves there are 14 guys out there.”Mr.Smith s act15 much of the public s attention.He also won praise from social media users after Mr.Anderson16 about the阅读点拨unattended adj.无人看管的remarkable adj.非凡的;不寻常的stand guard站岗spare adj.备用的;多余的译文:在留下便条告知物主钱包没有丢之后,他拿着钱包去了附近的警察局。
2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习
2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法（含解析）练习2021年高考英语语法必考考点（15）构词法（含解析）练习李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。
词性的转换有两种方法：转化法和缀合法（派生法）。
一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法，即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类，后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法，一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。
转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。
转化法主要分为如下四种类型：1. 动词转化为名词。
多用来表示一次性动作，或与动作相关的事物。
①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
swim原为动词“游泳”。
②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。
answer原为动词“回答”。
2. 名词转化为动词。
这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关，也是修辞。
例如：①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。
wolf.原为名词“狼”。
②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。
nurse.原为名词“护士”。
3. 形容词转化为动词。
①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。
black 原为形容1 / 16词“黑色的”。
②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。
empty原为形容词“空的”。
4. 形容词转化为名词。
即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。
例如：①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色（的）。
red原为形容词“红色的”。
②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.人勤劳而勇敢。
5年高考3年模拟A版浙江省高考英语总复习专题十七概要写作教师用书含解析
专题十七概要写作挖命题【考情探究】分析解读概要写作是综合性的写作考查。
要求考生首先对原文有准确的理解、对原文的结构和要点有准确的把握,然后再用高级的语法结构及合适的连接词写出包含所有要点的短文。
所以,考生要想做好本题,就必须注意以下几点:(1)准确理解文章。
(2)把握文章的各个要点。
(3)使用准确的语法结构、丰富的词汇和合适的连接词。
(4)使用自己的语言表述,不要照抄原文中的句子。
【真题典例】阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, 概要写作的文章一般都是说明文或议论文。
《5年高考3年模拟》A版教师用书配套课件英语 (3)
第二节语篇型填空专题七语篇型填空过专题【五年高考】统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组Passage1(2018课标全国Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 1 (long)than non-runners.You don t have to run fast or for long 2 (see)the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die)early by running.While running regularly can t make you live forever,the review says it 4 (be)more effective at lengthening life 5 walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in2014 6 showed a mere five to10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise...it s probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 8 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and it s always 9 (energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.答案1.longer2.to see3.dying4.is5.than6.that/which7.causes8.strengthen9.energetic10.it/runningPassage2(2018课标全国Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since2011,the country 1 (grow)more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly125percent over 2 past25years,while rice has increased only7percent.A taste for meat is 3 (actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.Another reason for corn s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve)water quality.Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute)in the country s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank,China accounts for about30percent of total 7 (globe)fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005—when the government 8 (start)a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7million tons.That prevented the emission(排放)of51.8million tons of carbon dioxide.China s approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed)its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank s Juergen Voegele.答案1.has grown2.the3.actually4.to improve5.than6.pollution7.global8.started9.that/which10.feedingPassage3(2018课标全国Ⅲ)I m not sure 1 is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly,I m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a400-pound male appears.He screams the 3 (loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid4 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesn t feel5 (challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor.I m a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching7these three western lowland gorillas I d been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 8 (they)alive.True to gorilla s unaggressive nature,the huge animal 9 (mean)me no real harm.He was just saying:“I m king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,he allowed me 10 (stay)and watch.答案1.who2.the3.loudest4.looking5.challenged6.scientist7.for8.them9.meant10.to stayPassage4(2018浙江)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese 1 (dish)is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out.I still remember 4 (visit)a friend who d lived here for five years and I 5 (shock)when I learnt she hadn t cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become)common for many young people in recent years,it s not without a cost.The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be 7 (afford)but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even 8 (high)cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in9 (weigh)problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum s home 10 dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.答案2.who/that3.it4.visiting5.was shocked6.have become7.affordable8.higher9.weight10.forPassage5(2017课标全国Ⅰ)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1 a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 2 (effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3 (process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4 (remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5 result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6 (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be)full of fat and salt;by 8 (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However,be 9 (care)not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health.答案1.as2.effects3.to process4.are removed5.a6.worse7.is8.eating9.carefulPassage6(2017课标全国Ⅱ)In1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road, 3 (lay)the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top.When all those had been done,the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 5 (use)to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than25,000people were using7 every day.Later,engineers8 (manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the9 (introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most10 (success)of these new lines,and was opened in1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages,and proved extremely popular with the public.答案1.crowds2.fromying4.the5.were used6.fairly7.it8.managed9.introduction10.successfulPassage7(2017课标全国Ⅲ)She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (rest).Instead,she is earning￡6,500a day as 2 model in New York.Sarah 3 (tell)that she could be Britain s new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44,wants her to give up school to modelfull-time.But Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models,wants 5 (prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate).She has turned down several7 (invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree8engineering or architecture.Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school 9 (come)first.I don t want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is10 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can t model any more.”答案1.resting2.a3.has been told/was told4.who5.to provecation7.invitations8.ines10.certainlyPassage8(2017浙江)Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot)and was about to throw them away.But something made her look closer,and she noticed a 2 (shine)object.Yes,there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt 4 (I),” says Pahlsson.Sixteen years 5 (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook)a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later,it was gone.She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten,eight,and six—had picked it up,but the girls said they hadn t.Pahlsson and her husband7 (search)the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.“I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says.She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got8 (sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,9 it remained until thecarrot s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it.For Pahlsson,its return was10 wonder.答案1.carrots2.shiny/shining3.so4.myself5.earlier6.to cook7.searched8.swept9.where10.aPassage9(2016课标全国Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asia s biggest building and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top 1 (attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research.I 2 (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the600-acre centre.From tomorrow,I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 3 (official)given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce)British visitors to the120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8 (it)mother.The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum—she never suspects.答案1.attraction2.was allowed3.officially4.to5.when6.permitted7.introducing8.its9.days10.thePassage10(2016课标全国Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of 1 (great)and less importance.Then,handle the most important tasks first so you ll feel a real sense of 2 (achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3 (be)often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So,get an early start and try to be as productive 5 possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 6 (study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular).Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office,you ll be less likely 9(bring)your work home.It could be anything—gardening,cooking,music, sports—but whatever it is, 10 (make)sure it s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.答案1.greater2.achievement3.is4.on5.as6.studies7.regularly8.a9.to bring10.makePassage11(2016课标全国Ⅲ)In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan, Korea, 1 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 2 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal3(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4 (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time, 5 the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly551to479B.C.,influenced the8 (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9 (be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 10 their hands.答案1.and2.be made3.to createing5.as/when6.gradually7.who8.development9.were10.withPassage12(2015课标全国Ⅰ)Yangshuo,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn t care.A few hours 2 ,I d been at home in Hong Kong,with 3 (it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.I d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5 (painting).Instead,I d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it s only an hour away 6 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo 7 (be)really beautiful.A study of travelers 8 (conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top10destinations in the world.Andthe town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it 9 (regular)arranges quick getaways here for people 10 (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案1.arrived2.before/earlier3.its4.that/which5.paintings6.by7.is8.conducted9.regularly10.livingPassage13(2015课标全国Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1 (build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able)to“air condition”a house without 4 (use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow)during cool nights,thus warming the house.When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool)the house during the hot day; 7 the same time,they warm up again for the night.This cycle 8 (go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 9 (nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案1.built2.the3.abilitying5.slowly6.to cool7.at8.goes9.natural10.howPassage14(2015广东)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned 1 farm,which looked almost abandoned. 2 (lucky),he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 3 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 4 (leave).The cow was their only means of support,in fact.One day,the cow was eating grass 5 it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away,she 6 (fall)over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living 7 the cow.In order to support his family,Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow,he started cutting down trees 8 (sell)the wood.Thinking about his children s clothes,he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the market 9 people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to 10 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.答案1.a2.Luckily3.for4.was left5.when6.fell7.without8.to sell9.where10.himPassage15(2014课标全国Ⅰ)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio. It 1 (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it 2 (actual)caught fire and burned.Now,years later,this river is one of 3 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasn t changed in a few days 4 even a few months.It took years of work 5 (reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally,that hardwork paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean)than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don t know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation,don t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are 8 (amaze)stories of instant transformation,for most of us the 9 (change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 10 (patience).答案1.was2.actually3.the4.or5.to reduce6.cleaner7.that/which8.amazing9.changes10.patientPassage16(2014课标全国Ⅱ)One morning,I was waiting at the bus stop,worried about 1 (be)late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2 some of them looked very anxious and 3 (disappoint).When the bus finally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next 4 the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike 5 (catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused 6 (stop)until we reached the next stop.Still,the boy kept 7 (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally,when we came to the next stop,the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked,“8 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear!It s 9 (I).”She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers 10 (sudden)became friendly to one another.答案1.being2.and3.disappointed4.to5.caught6.to stop7.riding8.Did9.me/mine10.suddenlyPassage17(2014广东)Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went,we had planned for months.When the day came,we were ready.After our plane landed,we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 2 (early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We 3 (tell)that our rooms hadn t been reserved for that week, 4 for the week after.I didn t understand 5 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation.What s worse,the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do,the manager came out.She was7(surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 8 top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room,and we weren t charged extra.The next day,my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little 10 (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn t mind.答案1.it2.earlier3.were told4.but5.why/how6.for7.surprisingly8.the9.where10.sunburnt/sunburned【三年模拟】Passage1(2019届北京朝阳第一学期期中)AThe Darjeeling Himalayan Railway may be the slowest train in the world.Every day the train 1 (climb)over2250meters.Although the entire trip is about80 kilometers,it takes up to ten hours.The railway 2 (complete)in1881and has been carefully protected for its cultural importance.Today the train is attractive to the passengers who come from other places 3 (see)the railway and the surrounding mountains.They seem to get a lot of pleasure 4 its slow speed.For 5 (fan)of this train,being slow is actually a good thing.As these people say,“slow” has four letters,so does life;“speed” has five letters,so does death.答案1.climbs2.was completed3.to see4.from5.fansBI think my memory is good.I use a simple trick to remember people s names 6 (clear).When I meet someone and hear the person s name,I imagine that I can see the name7 (write)on the person s face.So the next time I see that person I also see the name on his or her face,and that is8 I never forget a name.When I have to memorize things for school,I walk up and down in the room,9 (read)the notes aloud.The methods are very effective and I10 (use)them for many pared with me,my brother has a very bad memory.He never remembers his promises.I always have to remind him.答案6.clearly7.written8.how/why9.reading10.have used/have been usingPassage2(2019届湖南浏阳六校联考)Traditional Chinese weddingTraditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years.They may vary from place to place and time to time,but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people, 1 (cause)a far-reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives.The traditional Chinese marriage usually 2 (involve) some necessary procedures,such as matchmaking,engagement,meeting the bride,and three bows. 3 addition,a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this:when a new couple is engaged, 4 follows is a 5 (choose)of the date of their marriage.Most people would favor a bank holiday or a special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends 6 (attend)the wedding.However,quite a few others, especially 7 in the countryside,would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have“Double Happiness”.The wedding ceremony is usually hosted 8 (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with 9 unique banquet.Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life,everlasting love and happiness,early birth of a 10 (health)baby and so on.答案1.causing2.involves3.In4.what5.choice6.to attend7.those8.warmly9.a10.healthyPassage3(2019届河北保定10月摸底)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)wasn t fully accepted outside of China for centuries.There was once a Chinese man in the US who 1 (accuse)after he used a certain form of TCM treatment 2 (cure)his grandson s disease.In the last10years or so,however,TCM 3 (get)more popular all over the world.A report 4 (publish)on Dec.6says this style of health care,which includes different forms 5 herbal medicine and exercise,has spread to183 countries and regions.For instance,in Lima,the capital of Peru,there are more than 50Chinese medicine clinics,about70percent of 6 were set up by local doctors. TCM has become popular with the people of Peru.7 TCM has been widely accepted,it still faces challenges.For example,there is trouble in being able to prove8 (exact)what certain drugs are made up of,as well as being able to keep the effects the same every time.Some researchers have suggested TCM should be more exact and come together with western medicine.“ 9 (bring)together western medicine and TCM,rather than being in10 (compete),is where the potential for great effects lies.”答案1.was accused2.to cure3.has got/gotten4.published5.like6.which7.Although/Though/While8.exactly9.BringingpetitionPassage4(2019届吉林省吉林市第一次调研)Should naps(小睡)actually 1 (take)during the day?We certainly know from 2 (evident)in the sleep center and that from many other scientists that naps can give you benefits for both your brain 3 your body.But naps can actually be 4 double-edged sword because while we re awake during the day,we re building up sleepiness.So when you try to fall asleep at night,you ll fall asleep quickly and then you ll stay asleep.And when we sleep,we actually release that sleepiness so that we wake up the next morning feeling 5 (refresh).So if you take a nap during the day,especially if you take it too late in the afternoon,you will actually release some of that sleepiness and it will make it much 6 (hard)to fall asleep and stay asleep soundly throughout the night.So the advice would be if you don t struggle with your sleep and you can nap 7 (regular),then naps are just fine.But if you do find it difficult 8 (fall)asleep or stay asleep at night,then you should avoid naps and try to build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening.The ideal nap depends on 9 you want from that nap.Different stages of sleep actually give you different types of brain and body10 (benefit).答案1.be taken2.evidence3.and4.a5.refreshed6.harder7.regularly8.to fall9.what10.benefitsPassage5(2019届湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校上学期期中联考)Obesity is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world.Sleep might be one answer 1 the problem.A new study 2 (find)that elementary school students who sleep little are more likely to gain pounds.Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more,but scientists have had difficulty 3 (determine)“ 4 came first,the chicken or the egg?”,says Julie Lumeng of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.In other words,it hasn t been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, 5 whether sleeping less leads to weight gain.Both scenarios seemed6(equal)possible.To get a7 (good)understanding of which causes which,Lumeng and his colleagues interviewed the parents of785third graders from around the States.The parents answered questions designed by Lumeng and his colleagues about how well their kids 8 (sleep)that year.They had no sooner finished the survey by asking the parents the same questions three years later 9 they found that18percent of kids 10 (involve)in the study were obese.答案1.to2.has found3.determining4.Which5.or6.equally7.better8.slept9.than10.involvedPassage6(2019届河北衡水中学上学期一调)As we all know,Hangzhou,a beautiful city,won the bid 1 September16th,2015. Thus,it will be the third Chinese city 2 (host)the games.Hangzhou is a beautiful city with a long history.Hosting the Asian Games willgive it a new look. 3 the event will cost the government a lot,the benefits are easy for us to see.To the citizens in Hangzhou,the best part of it is that it will give us the chance to watch world-class matches and 4 (compete)close to home.Secondly, there is no doubt 5 the event will attract more visitors to enjoy 6 (visit)this wonderful city.At the same time,it is good for the development of tourism.Meanwhile, as the construction goes on,more roads 7 (build)and the Metro system will be expanded, 8 can reduce traffic jams.In the next few years,Hangzhou will try its best to prepare 9 for the big show.10 splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you.答案1.on2.to host3.Though/Althoughpetitions5.that6.visiting7.will be built8.which9.itself10.APassage7(2019届湖北重点高中联考协作体期中)Some students will feel a growing sense of fear with the exam season 1 (approach)while others may appear fairly calm.Experts hold the opinion 2 a small amount of stress can be good in exams.They say normal levels of stress can help students to work and think 3 (fast)and more effectively,as well as improve 4 (they)performance.But that s easier said than done perhaps.How can students manage 5 (anxious)and stress during exam time and still get the grades they need?Here are some tips to help you in managing stress around exam time.First of all, 6 (become)aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress.It s a good idea to talk to your classmates and teachers7 (share)fears.Secondly,it s8 great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.Also,stay focused9 your work.Being devoted to your work 10 (help) you to feel calm.If you make full preparations for the exam through revision,there is no reason that you shouldn t feel confident enough to sit an exam.答案1.approaching。
5年高考3年模拟A版浙江省高考英语总复习专题五非谓语动词教师用书含解析
专题五非谓语动词挖命题【考情探究】．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．动词作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语,因此,对这方面的知识要全面掌握,不可偏废。
2.在语篇型填空的考查中,非谓语动词一般都会是难点。
设题不仅仅涉及非谓语动词本身,而且总是和上下文的语境有紧密的关系。
因此结合语境和规则是解题的要点．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
破考点【考点集训】考点一非谓语动词作状语1.The sunlight is white and blinding, (throw)hard-edged shadows on the ground.答案throwing2.I got to the office earlier that day, (catch)the 7:30 train from Paddington.答案having caught3. (eat)at the cafeteria before,Tina didn’t want to eat there again.答案Having eaten4.I stopped the car (take)a short break as I was feeling tired.答案to take5.A good listener takes part in the conversation, (offer)ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.答案offering6.Lionel Messi, (set)the record for the most goals in a calendar year,is considered the most talented football player in Europe.答案having set7.I explored every corner, (look)for the perfect place to study.答案looking8.I can even change some of the famous Chinese dishes (suit)western tastes.答案to suit9. (locate)south of Taiyuan, Pingyao, an old town with its ownseveral-kilometer-long wall, has managed to preserve its Ming and Qing appearance.答案Located10.Giving someone a hug and holding their hand (comfort)them can only be done in person.答案to comfort考点二非谓语动词作定语1.Volunteering gives you a chance (change)lives,including your own.答案to change2.In some languages,100 words make up half of all words (use)in daily conversations.答案used3.The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand)in one corner.答案standingura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail (wait)for her.答案waiting5.You cannot accept an opinion (offer)to you unless it is based on facts.答案offered6.The airport (complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.答案to be completed7.The witnesses (question)by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.答案questioned8.The lecture, (start)at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.答案starting9.After completing and signing it,please return the form to us in the envelope (provide).答案provided考点三非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语、补语1.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and (reduce)to ruins, the city took on a new look.答案being reduced2.One learns a language by making mistakes and (correct)them.答案correcting3.China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from (attack)in the South China Sea.答案being attacked4.We’ve had a good start, but next, more wor k needs (do)to achieve the final success.答案to be done/doing5.On a cold evening with snow floating in the air, I got (stick)on the road because of a flat tire(轮胎).答案stuck6.In traveling across China and visiting its cities, towns, and tourist attractions, one can’t help(admire)its history culture.答案admiring7.Without doubt, for the majority of the foreigners I contacted,and myself (include), Peking Duck is the favorite Chinese dish.答案includedst year on his way to work, he would pass by a river bank where rubbish needed to (collect).答案be collected9.I gave them away,seeing the bright smile light up his face and felt my heart (fill)with happiness.答案filled10.His appointment was at five and he still had twenty minutes (spare).答案to spare11.Other types of cry, including calls of animals in great pain, fail (get)the same response.答案to get12.I attempted (seek)help from the passing cars, but no one stopped.答案to seek13.Anyway, I ended up (order)a whole duck and thought I’d just take the rest back to my hotel to eat later if I couldn’t finish it.答案ordering过专题【五年高考】考点一非谓语动词作宾语1.(2018北京,6)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together (share)a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.答案to share2.(2018北京,10)Ordinary soap, (use)correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.答案used3.(2018江苏,26)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed)the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.答案exceeding4.(2017北京,27)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save)their valuable time.答案to save5.(2017天津,14)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, (allow)more patients to be treated.答案allowing6.(2017江苏,21)Many Chinese brands, (develop)their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.答案having developed7.(2016北京,26) (make)it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.答案To make8.(2016北京,28) (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.答案Ordered9.(2016北京,32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn)the old town into a dreamland.答案turning10.(2016天津,4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, (make)air conditioning unnecessary.答案making11.(2015北京,21) (catch)the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.答案To catch12.(2015江苏,24)Much time (spend)sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.答案spent13.(2015天津,5) (absorb)in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.答案Absorbed14.(2015天津,8) (work)for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.答案Having worked15.(2015福建,28) (learn) more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.答案To learn16.(2015湖南,30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground, (wonder) whether to stay or leave.答案wondering17.(2015湖南,34)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk)over what is bothering them.答案to talk18.(2015重庆,11)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars.答案using19.(2015重庆,6) (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.答案Raised20.(2014湖南,21)Children,when (accompany)by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.答案accompanied21.(2014湖南,27)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, (stare)at the night sky.答案staring22.(2014湖南,35) (free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.答案To free23.(2014陕西,20) (work)out the difficult maths problem,I have consulted Professor Russell several times.答案To work24.(2014四川,7)—I hope to take the computer course.—Good idea. (find)out more about it, visit this website.答案To find考点二非谓语动词作定语1.(2017北京,30)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range)from butterflies to elephants.答案ranging2.(2017北京,32)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend)with his students.答案spent3.(2017天津,10)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch).答案to catch4.(2016浙江,10)To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study (conduct)in Australia in 2012.答案conducted5.(2016江苏,28)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message (hide)within the work.答案hidden6.(2015北京,23)The park was full of people, (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.答案enjoying7.(2014浙江,14)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days bya nurse (appoint)to guard her.答案appointed8.(2014北京,25)Last night,there were millions of people (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.答案watching9.(2014山东,6)There’s a note pinned to the door(say)when the shop will open again.答案saying10.(2014重庆,5)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras (return)to our shop for quality problems.答案returned11.(2014大纲全国,23)Today there are more airplanes (carry)more people than ever before in the skies.答案carrying考点三非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语、补语1.(2018天津,8)It took him a long time (acquire)the skills he needed to becomea good dancer.答案to acquire2.(2018北京,3) (travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.答案Traveling3.(2018天津,7)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).答案taken4.(2018天津,12)I didn’t mean(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.答案to eat5.(2017江苏,30)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help (shape)your year ahead.答案shape6.(2016浙江,19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do (work)with students.答案working7.(2015浙江,18)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it (perform) live is quite another.答案being performed8.(2015安徽,27) (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.答案Ignoring/To ignore9.(2015陕西,18)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home.答案taken10.(2014福建,30)For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying (connect).答案connected11.(2014安徽,32)While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.答案promoted12.(2014四川,5)The manager was satisfied to see many new products(develop)after great effort.答案developed13.(2014陕西,12)It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like(go)for a swim?答案going14.(2014湖南,23) (understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.答案Understanding【三年模拟】A组2017—2019年模拟·基础题组考点一非谓语动词作状语1.(2019浙江衢州十二校摸底,58)Most of the time she sat in front of the TV, (watch)soap plays.答案watching2.(2019浙江十校联盟,59)Wind loading is a term engineers use (measure)the effect of the wind on a tall building.答案to measure3.(2019浙江镇海中学10月,60)Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes(use)machines.答案using4.(2019山东烟台10月,41)Lisa Bailey took her gloves off when (take)her dog for a long walk on a winter day and didn’t notice anything until that evening.答案taking5.(2018浙江七彩阳光联盟10月联考,59)Dequina studies the area carefully, (figure)out where the eggs have been buried.答案figuring6.(2018浙江10月大联考,62)The snake is actually in the top right corner, (hide)in the crook between the two fences.答案hiding7.(2018北京朝阳期中)Nowadays, people with disabilities can do a lot of things (improve)their quality of lives.答案to improve8.(2017浙江名校协作体联考)Her husband recently passed away, (make)the move necessary.答案making考点二非谓语动词作定语1.(2019浙江宁波重高期中,62)Clothes (produce)by the machine are of great quality.答案produced2.(2019四川成都期中联考,56)Calligraphy(书法), (consider)as one of the unique traditional Chinese arts, has a long history of about 1,000 years.答案considered3.(2019山东10月,44)All that changed,however,thanks to a recent Facebook post (write)on their local police department’s page.答案written4.(2019重庆一中,48)Looking around at people who have studied French or Spanish at university, I find there’s no such chance(use)what they’ve learned in the workplace.答案to use5.(2018浙江金华十校一模,56)Hou Youwen, a girl aged 13, recently drew public attention for her outstanding performance at The Chinese Poetry Competition (organize)by China Central Television.答案organized6.(2018安徽江淮十校联考,68)He tried his key in some of the cars, but people (pass)by gave him a look he didn’t like.答案passing7.(2018北京海淀期中,23)Anyone (find)boarding with knives will be stopped by the security inspectors.答案found8.(2017浙江温州十校联合体联考,67)I dreamt you become a hero with a lot of medals (attach)to your chest.答案attached9.(2017浙江金丽衢十校10月联考,58)They are very glad that most of the people (question)gave them very useful answers.答案questioned考点三非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语、补语1.(2019浙江杭州第二中学10月,63)I remember I told my mom more than once that I hoped (pursue)an acting career in the future.答案to pursue2.(2019浙江绿色评价联盟,65)Despite the challenge of (construct)the w orld’s tallest skyscrapers, the passion of exploration will never go out.答案constructing3.(2019北京清华附中11月,43)Wanting to stand out and (notice)in the crowd at high school is natural.答案be noticed4.(2019浙江台州黄岩一模,38)Before (leave)for England, Thomas bought a few forks.答案leaving5.(2019天津一中)All the students got very excited at the news that the scientist, who was reported (win)the Nobel Prize, was coming to their school.答案to have won6.(2019四川成都外国语学校11月月考)So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people (feel)more energetic.答案to feel7.(2019浙江台州黄岩一模,41)When he told his friends what it was, they all wanted (take)a good look at the strange thing.答案to take8.(2018浙江绍兴10月模拟,65)Instead, think of it as a person that simply needs energy after (spend)the day in a crowd.答案spending9.(2018浙江金丽衢十二校二模)He waited quietly for his turn instead of (push)and crowding.答案pushing10.(2018湖北武汉高三诊断检测,63) In China, it’s a great shame (put)a parent into a nursing home.答案to put11.(2017浙江温州十校联合体9月联考,66)I miss you so much that I dreamed of (see)you several times.答案seeing12.(2017北京四中期中,31)In the reading room, we found him (sit)at a desk with his attention fixed on a book.答案sittingB组2017—2019年模拟·综合题组Passage (用所给动词的适当形式填空)Reporter:How can parents who read to more than one child at a time keep everyone 1 (engage)?Kathleen: 2 (read)together with family can be one of the best ways 3 (promote)family togetherness. Children should be encouraged 4 (ask)questions throughout the story and predict what might happen on the next page.This is also a great opportunity for elder children 5 (read)to younger children.Reporter:Outside of 6 (read)on the sofa and in bed,are there other places where family reading can take place?Kathleen:Everywhere!Make it a habit 7 (bring)books everywhere you go.You can have books in the car and bring books to the grocery store. Also you can pack books for the morning subway or bus ride.Reporter:For families that speak and read in two languages,do you have any suggestions about 8 (choose)books?Kathleen:I recommend 9 (go)to the library and checking out a story in two different languages. While 10 (read)each story, you can assist your child in recognizing familiar words in each language.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.答案1.engaged2.Reading3.to promote4.to ask5.to read6.reading7.to bring8.choosing9.going10.reading。
课标专用5年高考3年模拟A版2021高考英语专题三形容词副词数词试题
专题三形容词、副词、数词探考情悟真题【考情探究】考点考卷年份题型课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ课标全国Ⅲ2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017 2016形容词语篇型填空higher(high)energetic(energy)careful(care)wonder-ful(won-der)global(globe)success-ful(success)greater(great)natural(nature)tradition-al(tradi-tion)短文改错interest-ing→interestedhappily→happysuddenly→suddenmuch→many;seriously→seriouscoolly→cool;amazing→amazed;去掉better前的moreinteresting→interestedordinarily→ordinarylarger→largedifference→different;late→latestworse→worst;freely→free副词语篇型填空poorly(poor)longer(long)worse(bad)officially(officbefore/earliefinally(finalactually(actuafairly(fair)regular-lyslowly(slow)so;hugely(huge)loudest(loud)certainly(certagradual-lyial) r;regular-ly(regu-lar) ) l) (regular)in) (gradual)短文改错hardly→hard;now→thenhere→there删除somuch中的much;late→latersteady→steadilytoo→very/soearlier→early;Beside→Besides去掉soverymuch中的very;terrible→terriblyImme-diate→Imme-diatelysuch→so数词短文改错2019课标全国Ⅱ考查了数词的用法,将基数词five改为序数词fifth分析解读1.语篇型填空、短文改错主要考查形容词、副词的句法功能,因此考生需要掌握形容词、副．．．．．．．．．．．词在句中作什么成分．．．．．．．．．。
课标专用5年高考3年模拟A版2021高考英语专题十主旨大意试题
专题十 主旨大意探考情 悟真题【考情探究】考卷年份课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ2019第33题,第35题 第31题,第35题 第27题 2018第27题,第31题 第28题,第35题 第27题, 第35题 2017第31题 第28题,第31题 第28题,第35题 2016第35题 第32题 第35题 2015 —— 第28题 —— 考点 内容 主旨大意题要求学生在理解全文后归纳文章要点,概括中心思想,因此需要学生能够分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题或文章最后的结论,从而找出文章主旨或文章的标题。
分析解读1.主旨大意题有一个明显的特点:要求学生通读全文,从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。
通常情况下,考查对象分为两大类:即篇章主旨和段落主旨。
篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行提问．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
2.主旨大意题考查的是学生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求学生必须在充分理解全文的前提下,梳理出整篇文章的主旨大意。
它既考查阅读理解能力．．．．．．．．．．,．又考查深层次的推理、概．．．．．．．．．．．括能力．．．,．所以在阅读理解试题中难度相对较大．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
课标全国卷近五年考查主旨大意题的题量相对较少,但考查深度、难度却不断增加,解题时需对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后方可得出正确答案 。
考查形式由简单的主题归纳变得综合性越来越强,同时文章的跳跃性强,隐含信息增多,常以标题归纳的形式出现,这就要求学生在理解文章主旨大意的基础上注意标题的三个特点:概括性、针对性和醒目性。
【五年高考】A 组 统一命题·课标卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:370During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers. The likables’plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creat es opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said.1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of adolescents.C.The importance of interpersonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.3.What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?A.They appeared to be aggressive.B.They tended to be more adaptable.C.They enjoyed the highest status.D.They performed well academically.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Be Nice—You Won’t Finish LastB.The Higher the Status, the BetterC.Be the Best—You Can Make ItD.More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness答案1.C2.A3.B4.APassage 2(2019课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:348Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch bythemselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?”Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”sa id Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A.Food variety.B.Eating habits.C.Table manners.D.Restaurant service.2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A.To meet with her coworkers.B.To catch up with her work.C.To have some time on her own.D.To collect data for her report.3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A.He makes videos for the bar.B.He’s fond of the food at the bar.C.He interviews customers at the bar.D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.答案1.B2.C3.D4.APassage 3 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:264Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay ￡5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money:Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less答案1.B2.C3.C4.DPassage 4 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:294Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion(比例)who say they ‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percen t and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same.But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Children’s reading habits.B.Quality of children’s books.C.Children’s after-class activities.D.Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A.In paragraph 2.B.In paragraph 3.C.In paragraph 4.D.In paragraph 5.3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time.C.It may harm children’s health.D.E-readers are expensive.4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.答案1.A2.B3.C4.APassage 5 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:312Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains andsailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path, killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A.Its business culture.B.Its small population.C.Its geographical position.D.Its favourable climate.2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.D.Half of them died.3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A.They found the city too crowded.B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C.They were unable to stand the winter.D.They were short of food.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The rise and fall of a city.B.The gold rush in Canada.C.Journeys into the wilderness.D.Tourism in Dawson.答案1.C2.B3.B4.APassage 6(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:325Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz Day答案1.D2.C3.C4.APassage 7(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:317Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A.It causes traffic jams.B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.D.It burns too much fuel.3.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Flying Car at Auto ShowB.The Transition’s First FlightC.Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD.Flying Car Closer to Reality答案1.A2.C3.B4.DPassage 8(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:324The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to under stand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rel y on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older drivers’ problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologies.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.anize regular physical checkups.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A New Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC.Driving Services for EldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road答案1.C2.A3.B4.DPassage 9(2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:332The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold答案1.C2.A3.D4.BPassage 10(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:254Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real”and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading:A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books:A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books答案1.B2.A3.C4.DPassage 11(2015课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:304Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint,go blue.Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin。
课标5年高考3年模拟A版21高考英语专题十主旨大意课件
they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds.
When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the
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【例3】
Too much TV-watching can harm children's ability to learn and even reduce
their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest ef-
What does the author mostly want to tell us in the paragraph?
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课标5年高考3年模拟A版来自10A.Failure is the mother of success.
B.Little by little, one goes far.
归纳型段落。这种段落的模式可用正三角(△)来表示。
3.主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时第一句并非
主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此
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外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。这种段落模式可用菱形(◇)来表