张敏毕业论文手册
碧桂园集团实习报告(张敏)
漳州职业技术学院学生毕业实践报告题目碧桂园集团实习报告年级:14届专业:经济信息管理学号:1105006039学生:张敏指导教师:黄轩2014年 6月15日摘要2014年3月初,在机缘巧合的情况下去我参加了曲靖碧桂园面试,并顺利通过了碧桂园营销中心2014年招聘面试环节,获得了营销中心督导管理组见习督导员一职,在了解碧桂园营销中心管理架构和管理模式,熟悉了项目销售环境的同时进行我的专业实习稳固所学的专业知识,在实践中寻找理论知识与实际操作的契合点。
三个多月的实习,让我获益不少并赢得了良好的人缘,得到了上司、同事的帮助和好评,结交到了很多良师益友。
更重要的是,我不仅心理上蜕变由一个学生转变为一个社会人,心理承受能力抗压力更强,更在实习过程中,发现自己性格处理事情上的很多不足,并学到了非常多的待人处事的技巧。
关键词:碧桂园集团;督导;实习;工作。
目录摘要 (1)引言 (3)一.前言〔一〕实习单位介绍 (3)1、实习单位:碧桂园集团 (3)2、实习部门:营销中心督导管理组 (3)〔二〕实习职位职能及定位介绍 (4)二.实习具体工作内容〔一〕现场人力资源管理工作 (4)〔二〕现场监督管理工作 (4)〔三〕项目代表交易会期间的工作 (5)〔四〕定期的管理人职工作评估 (5)〔五〕不定期的管理人员案例反馈 (5)〔六〕代理公司的对接及监控 (5)三.实习主要收获和心得〔一〕实习收获 (5)1、眼界和观念的提升 (5)2、服务水平的提高 (5)3、处事能力提高 (5)〔二〕实习心得 (6)四.实习想法和建议〔一〕实习想法 (6)〔二〕个人建议 (7)参考文献 (8)毕业论文〔设计〕诚信声明 (9)一、前言(一)实习单位介绍1、实习单位:无锡市碧桂园房地产开发〔碧桂园集团所属〕中国著名商标企业碧桂园,成立于1992年,2007年在香港联交所主板上市,是一家以房地产为主营业务,涵盖建筑、装修、物业发展、物业管理、酒店开发及管理等行业的国内著名的综合性房地产开发企业。
海量资料超值下载参考文献张敏关于...
中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题及对策分析.................................................................①现代企业人力资源管理存在的问题及解决方法.................................................................⑥股份有限公司人力资源管理中存在的问题及对策研究 (11)浅谈——中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题及解决方法...................................................⑩浅谈——中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题及解决方法 (14)试论中小企业人力资源管理中存在的问题及对策 (20)我国中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题及对策.................................................................②中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题及对策分析摘要:人力资源管理是企业发展与成功的关键因素,在当今社会受到了广泛的关注和重视。
而中小企业作为一个特殊的群体,在目前的人力资源管理方面尚不够成熟、完善,已经成为制约中小企业快速发展的瓶颈之一。
中小企业要想获得可持续的发展,并在竞争中立于不败之地,就必须结合自身的实际.把握人力这个重要资源,为企业的发展服务。
本文主要提出了中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题,并针对其存在的问题提出了几点积极有效的人力资源管理策略,为中小企业人力资源发展扫清障碍。
关键词:中小企业人力资源问题对策改革开放以来,中小型企业犹如雨后春笋在中国大地上蓬勃发展,私营、民营数量、注册资本逐年翻番,对税收的贡献份额不断扩大,发展速度惊人。
中小企业这种良好的发展势头离不开国家政策的扶持和企业发展初期的积累,而这种初期积累的成功取决与多种因素,如:组织层次少,权利集中,管理成本低;机制灵活,对市场反应灵敏;中小企业中的“家族式”管理在发展初期的具有竞争优势。
机械设计专业毕业设计任务书.doc
机械设计专业毕业设计任务书一、课题名称:工业机器人实训台设计子课题1 同步传送带及上料系统设计子课题2 模拟(cnc)数控钻床设计二、指导教师:张敏xx三、设计内容要求1、课题概述1)在工业机器人实训台系统中,上述子课题是其中的2个设计任务,一般来说,这些课题可以选择单片机控制、plc控制和工控机控制等设计方案,其中还涉及一些机械机构设计、以及气动回路设计等内容,需要在毕业设计的过程中重新学习。
2)同步传送带及上料系统:同步传送带及上料系统:在自动化生产车间(制造、物流、医药等),物料的传送大多是通过传送带进行传送的,带式传送方式是一种主要的传送方式,带式传送由传送带、传送带机构、可调速的驱动电机、以及电气控制部分组成,配合其他自动控制机构,可以实现传送+自动打包、自动分拣、自动码垛等功能。
本课题因为是小型模拟机构,采用了2相步进电机驱动,采用红外线光电传感器进行位置检测,指示灯显示系统工作状态,机构部分采用小型同步带传送,铝型材制作传送带机构。
利用气动推杆推动物料块进行传送带上料,气动推杆是常见的气动执行机构,气动推杆结合移动机构(传送带、机器人、移动滑台等)就可以实现物料的搬运。
气动推杆由压缩空气驱动气缸做机械运动,改变气缸中气体的方向,可以控制气动推杆活动的方向,气体方向的改变是通过控制气动电磁阀来实现的。
气动推杆将物料块推入传送带上,传送带将被物料块移动到指定位置,机器人抓取物料块进行后续的处理(cnc 加工、码垛、投送等等)。
本毕业设计建议采用单片机或plc进行控制。
3)模拟(cnc)数控钻床:(补充数控钻的概念)。
单轴的运动机构(丝杠滑台),用联轴器(或传动皮带)与步进电机、直流电机或交流电机连接,在单片机、plc或工控机等构成的控制器的驱动下,可以实现滑台机构的上下运动。
滑台上载有加工头,加工头在电机驱动下转动,能实现钻孔或铣削加工,滑台的行程,可以控制钻孔或铣孔的深度,达到数控钻床的基本功能。
系统功能语言学视角下《老人与海》中译本翻译例析
系统功能语言学视角下《老人与海》中译本翻译例析作者:闫常英来源:《昆明民族干部学院学报》2017年第03期【摘要】本文从系统功能语言学角度出发,结合翻译进行交叉研究。
目的是尝试用系统功能语言学理论中的语篇功能理论这一新的视角对海明威《老人与海》的三个中文译本进行语篇功能例析,论证语篇功能理论中的替代、连接、词汇接应等的衔接手段在翻译理论的实践操作中发挥的作用,以期寻找一条行之有效的翻译途径。
【关键词】系统功能;翻译;语言学;语篇Abstract:This paper studies the translation from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics. The purpose is to try to use this new perspective of textual function theory in systemic functional linguistics to analyze the cases three Chinese versions of Hemingw ay’s work The Old Man and the Sea, demonstrating the effect roles of cohesive devices in the textual function theory of systemic functional linguistics such as substitution, conjunction and lexical cohesion etc., in order to find an effective way to translate.Key words: systemic function, translation, linguistics, discourse引言《老人与海》是海明威的经典著作之一,也是了解作者的独特语言风格的文学名著。
文献检索基本步骤
信息检索与利用综合实习报告学院:专业年级:学号:姓名:指导老师:附录:各类型文献字段如下期刊:题名、作者、作者单位(机构)、刊名、年、卷、期、页码分类号、关键词、摘要学位论文:论文题名、作者、导师、专业、毕业院校(授予学位单位)、毕业时间、论文级别(硕士或博士)分类号、关键词、摘要图书:书名、作者、出版地、出版社、出版时间、关键词、摘要成果:成果名称、完成人员、完成单位、完成时间、关键词、简介会议文献:题名、作者、单位、会议名称、会议地点、届次、会议录、关键词、摘要专利:专利名称、申请日期、申请号(专利号)、发明人、专利权人、摘要标准:标准名称、标准编号、颁布时间或实施时间网络信息:题名(网站或网页名称)、作者、作者单位、时间、网址*蓝色字体的字段,可能在某些数据库中没有。
若无,则可不列出。
分类号字段可以不列出,请在实习中了解、学习中图法分类。
由于作业篇幅问题,每条记录的关键词和摘要字段,不要列出。
综合实习报告课题名称:论企业财务管理的风险控制专业:学号:姓名:一、分析课题,并构建检索式:(作业三)1、学科范围:(可从网站(帮助及指南-中图分类法)或从《中文科技期刊数据库》的分类检索中查F经济→F2经济计划与管理→F27企业经济→F275企业财务管理2、确定主题词,关键词显性概念:从课题名称入手分析得出的主题概念企业、财务管理、风险、控制隐性概念:根据自己的真实需求,从专业角度来分析课题。
隐性概念往往是显性概念的相关词、延伸词、扩展词、专业化的具体词汇等。
企业:公司;财务管理:会计控制:防范、对策检索表达式:企业*财务管理*风险*控制或:(公司+企业)*(财务管理+会计)*风险*(控制+防范+对策)3、确定检索的文献类型:课题所涉及的文献类型期刊、图书、学位论文、会议论文、成果、专利文献、网络检索等4、确定检索的时间范围和语种范围时间范围:根据不同课题的检索需求或课题特点来定。
例,2005-2012语种范围:根据不同课题的检索需求或课题特点来定。
农村金融有效需求分析
安徽财经大学金融学院2012届本科毕业论文论文题目:农村金融有效需求分析所在班级:08金融(4)班姓名:学号:指导老师:农村金融有效需求分析摘要“三农”问题是我国促进经济均衡发展、构建和谐社会进程中的一个难题。
解决“三农“问题就要解决好农村地区经济发展的问题,而农村经济发展离不开农村金融的支持。
但是,由于现阶段我国城乡二元经济结构明显,农村劳动力大量外流,农村生产率水平低下,农民收入增长缓慢,城乡差距逐渐增大,加之金融危机影响,我国必须着眼于新农村建设,打牢经济可持续发展的基石。
无论是推进农业现代化建设,提高农业综合生产能力,提高农民综合素质还是加强农村基础设施建设都需要大量的资金投入。
因此农村金融对推动农村经济发展、提高农民生活水平、加强农民生活保障都有重大的意义。
但是现阶段我国农村金融存在许多问题,包括农村金融的覆盖面低,农民贷款难,小额信贷发展不足,政策性金融不到位,农村金融有效需求不足等,这些问题已经成为了新农村建设的瓶颈。
本文在此背景下,以安徽省为例,分析了农村金融有效需求的现状和制约农村金融有效需求不足的因素,提出了增加农村金融有效需求的农村金融服务创新的对策。
主要分为五个部分:(1):农村金融需求分析,主要介绍农村金融需求的定义及主体。
(2):农村金融需求的分类,主要是将农村金融需求按盈利性原则和安全性原则分为三类:有效需求、准有效需求、非有效需求。
(3):农村金融有效需求的实证分析。
(4):农村金融有效需求不足的影响因素。
(5):增加农村金融有效需求的农村金融服务创新对策。
关键词:安徽省农村金融需求有效需求不足制约因素金融创新ABSTRACTKEY WORDS:目录声明 (Ⅱ)摘要 (Ⅲ)ABSTRACT (Ⅳ)目录 (1)1、...................................................1.1 ...................................................1.2 ...................................................2、...................................................2.1 ............................................2.2 ..............................2.3 ..............................................3、..............................................4、..............................4.1 ...................................4.2 ...................................4.3 ................4.4..............................4.5..........................4.6 ..............................5、..................................................5.1 ..............................5.2 ...................................5.3 ...................5.4 .......................................5.5 ....................................一. 农村金融需求分析1. 农村金融需求定义:根据经济学中需求的定义,需求是指在一定时期内在一定价格水平人们愿意而且能够购买的商品数量。
格力电器的偿债能力分析-会计-毕业论文
摘要对任何企业来说,债务的偿付能力是财务分析最重要的方面,反映到期偿还债务时能力大小,这是一个各方面都非常关注的点,比如管理者、投资者、债权人和其他利益相关者。
本文以珠海格力电器作为分析案例,通过计算五年内它的短期和长期偿债能力指标,来分析该企业的偿债能力,得出了格力电器的短期偿债能力较好,但长期偿债能力不佳,并针对如何提高企业偿债能力,提出了优化资本结构、提高盈利能力、加强内部管理的建议。
关键词:格力电器,短期偿债能力,长期偿债能力,比率分析,趋势分析AbstractFor any business, solvency is a critical aspect of financial analysis, reflecting the ability to repay when the debt is due, and is a matter of great concern to business managers, investors, creditors and other business stakeholders. This paper takes zhuhai geli electric appliance as an analysis case, through calculating its short and long term solvency index within five years, analyzes the solvency of the enterprise, and concludes that geli electric appliance has better short term solvency, but its long term solvency is not good. In order to improve the solvency of enterprises, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to optimize the capital structure, improve the profitability and strengthen the internal management.Key words:Gree Electric,Short-term solvency,Long-term solvency, Ratio analysis; Trend analysis.目录1 引言 (1)1.1研究背景 (1)1.2研究目的 (1)1.3研究分析的主要方法 (1)2 企业偿债能力分析理论及研发文献评述 (2)2.1企业短期偿债能力分析理论 (2)2.1.1流动比率分析理论 (2)2.1.2速动比率分析理论 (2)2.1.3现金比率分析理论 (2)2.2企业长期偿债能力分析理论 (3)2.2.1资产负债率分析理论 (3)2.2.2所有者权益比率分析理论 (3)2.2.3产权比率分析理论 (3)2.2.4利息保障倍数分析理论 (3)2.3研究文献评述 (3)3 格力电器及其经营负债现状分析 (4)3.1格力电器简介 (4)3.2格力电器负债经营现状 (5)4 格力电器偿债能力分析 (8)4.1格力短期偿债能力分析 (8)4.1.1流动比率分析 (8)4.1.2速动比率分析 (9)4.1.3现金比率分析 (10)4.2格力长期偿债能力分析 (11)4.2.1资产负债率分析 (11)4.2.2所有者权益比率分析 (12)4.2.3产权比率分析 (13)4.2.4利息保障倍数分析 (13)5 格力电器经营及偿债能力存在问题及对策建议 (14)参考文献 (15)1引言1.1研究背景在市场经济的大环境下,各大企业为谋求发展,不断扩大规模,不得不吸纳大量资金来维持日常经营活动,格力电器也不例外。
跨文化交际中的文化障碍-毕业论文
【标题】跨文化交际中的文化障碍【作者】张敏【关键词】跨文化交际文化差异语言障碍【指导老师】方明超【专业】英语教育【正文】IntroductionIntercultural communication is the communication among the people from different cultural backgrounds. Because of different countries, histories, cultures, social customs and thinking ways, it is not a simple thing for nations to communicate effectively. Therefore, cultural barrier is the first problem, when people communicating with foreigners who speak this kind of language as mother language. There are still many barriers that speakers can’t communicate with high efficiency .It mainly includes two reasons: the first is that learners didn’t master the skill of speaking foreign language; the second is that the learners know little about cultural differences, or ignore cultural differences which result in their failure in communicating with others. Lexical is the basic factor of language and the prop of the existence of it. So cultural differences are manifested at lexical level and the affected aspect is the broadest. Many domestic study of intercultural communication focus on the discussion of pure language and analysis of surface culture, trying to analyze cultural barriers in intercultural communication from thinking ways, bias awareness and concepts of value. This paper intends to analyze cultural barriers in intercultural communication from the following parts: relationship of culture, language and communication, cultural barriers in intercultural communication, Manifestation and sources of cultural barriers, how to integrate language and culture effectively and avoid cultural barriers influencing communication.2. Culture, Language and Intercultural Communication2.1CultureIn Longman Modern English Dictionary1,“culture”is defined as:” the social and religious structures and intellectual and artistic manifestations etc. that characterize a society”. However, there is no such definition of culture that has been widely accepted by all people. Because it is multidimensional, complex, and all-pervasive, the term “culture” has been widely employed in social science and has different shades of meanings in different disciplines and contexts. we can say culture refersto the whole of material and spiritual wealth created and accumulated by human beings in the course of social development. Material culture is concrete ,tangible and substantial, including cities, houses, organizations, etc. While spiritual culture is abstract, intangible and indiscernible, including values, beliefs and customs. Both material and spiritual culture play a major role in influencing people’s perceptions of reality, thought and behavior patterns. To put it simply, culture is the entire way of life of a society, the way of a people.For my purpose of the study of cultural barriers in intercultural communication, I would emphasize cultural barriers that most directly affected communication. Cultural barrier is the main problem of communicating under different cultural backgrounds, the first we should do is getting to know the definition of culture, and culture functions as an integrated whole—it is a system. A change in any aspect of culture will affect the others, especially the change in language.2.2 Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural communication is communication between two or more speakers who do not share the same cultural background. It occurs when a message sender is a member of one culture and a message receiver of another, intercultural communication can be problematic, and analyzing major components in communication help s clarify how communicative process works and how communication breakdown occurs.2.3 LanguageLanguage is a man’s principal means of communication. Man uses the language to express his/her thoughts, feelings and perceptions and wants to share them with other people. In this way man integrates himself/herself into a human group ,a member of human society.In linguistic sense,” A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbo ls by means of which the member of a speech community communicates, interact, and transmit their culture.” According to Li Yanfu, whatever the definition of language is, it must include directly, or by close implication, the main attribute of language as follows: Language is related to culture.All languages have their own systems of pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar: the reason why languages sound like gibberish is because we have not mastered the complexity of their system .However, mastering the linguistic rules wick not always guarantee the success of communication which is the central purpose of language. This is because language represents a kind of cultural phenomenon, and bears a cultural load and carries cultural information. To understand a language means to understand the cultural information it loads. In this sense, language is a subsystem of the culture system.2.4 The Relationship of Culture, Language and Intercultural Communication In the process of defining culture, communication and language, we find that they are tightly integrated with each other and anyone of them mayautomatically imply the other two.Culture and intercultural communication, they are two different concepts, but are directly linked. They are so inextricably bound. Culture is learned, acted out, transmitted, and preserved through communication. When culture differs, communication practices may also differ.Languages are at the core of intercultural communication and help human beings to reach out to make contact with others. By using the language, we let foreigners know how we experienced the world and what we think about that world.The relationship between language and culture is intrinsic2, for the language of a society is one aspect of its culture, in turn, has influence on language. According to sociolinguists, language is the keystone of culture. On the other hand, language is the chief means of learning a culture. People use it to express, share, and transmit their ideas and experiences. Furthermore, people become members of a particular community in process of learning and using the language of this community. Without language, culture would be impossible. According to anthropologists, culture comprises and shapes language. Different historical and cultural backgrounds, natural conditions and environment will lead to distinct interpretations and reactions to language3.Cultural Barriers in Intercultural CommunicationIn the previous part we have discussed that culture and language are very closely related, and one interacts another. When members of different cultures come together to share ideas and information cultural barriers act out which influence communication. In intercultural communication3, language may have some positive influence on the grounds that participants are alike partly and share some similar experiences. And this makes the interaction possibly. Language may also have some negative influence when participants are lack knowledge of each other and have difficulties in understanding people from different cultures. In this case, participants are likely to fall back on their own life experiences in their own pattern of thinking, or act in accordance with their own norms of social interaction. Simply speaking, cultural factors may result in cultural barriers in intercultural communication.As language learners, most of us asked:” What does that word mean?” This question reflects the way we viewlanguage .It suggests that we tend to look for meaning in words themselves, but we are incorrect if we think that words possess meaning It is more accurate to say that people possess meaning and that words elicit the meaning, because different people might bring their own world of experiences and associations into words, and it is normal for different people to attach different meanings to the same word. For instance, the image evoked by the word Peasant will be quite different in the mind of a Chinese and a westerner. For Chinese, a Peasant is just one of the numerous rural people working inthe countryside who deserve respect, while for westerners, the word helps form a picture of “a usually uneducated person of low socialstatus”(Webster’s Third new International Dictionary) or a rather rude, ignorant person.. Such difference in meaning inference suggests that memorizing some foreign words will not make us become the effective communicators unless learn the cultural meanings attached to them.It is clear that culture influences language meaning, let’s move to problems in meaning barriers. When people communicate cross-culturally, they are likely to encounter problems. Some words are generally considered commendatory in one language, but derogatory in the others. Let us see: the words like Idealism, Ambition, Aggressiveness, and Equalitarianism are negative in Chinese but positive or neutral to most Americans, while the words like Materialism, Politician, and Propaganda are negative or neutral in English but positive in Chinese. Obviously, these words should be used with due consideration. Since the meanings people assign to words are the result of their cultural experiences partly, they often lack applicable experience in encountering foreign words. The fact that terms in one language do not have counterparts in another language proves another great barrier in intercultural understanding.For the study of cultural barriers in intercultural communication, it is of great significance to look into meaning differences between selected English and Chinese terms. In this part, the discussion will be focused on the following concepts: idiom, proverb and motto.3.1 Idiom Meaning in Social and Cultural PerspectiveCultural barriers, first of all, each national culture has a lot of idioms. Therefore, some language elements often represent a nation itself and have certain peculiar ity4. Such as Chinese“胸有成竹,”it’s English explanation is have a well thought-out plan, stratagem, etc. If it was not explained clearly but explained directly: there is a bamboo planted in the heart, foreigners can’t understand the real cultural meaning of t his idiom. Another example,“邯郸学步”was explained directly to learning to walk in Handan, this kind of word combination obviously has no practical meaning. In Chinese, there are many similar idioms that developed from historical allusion ,ancient allegory and poetry, such as 叶公好龙,守株待兔,etc. it is difficult to express their meaning completely without annotation. Similarly, Helen of Troy in English means “红颜祸水”,it similar to“亡商之妲己”in ancient China ,if people of Chinese culture didn’t know the battle of Troy was caused by beautiful woman Helen, naturally they don’t know what it means. The another idiom came from Homer EpicsAchilles’heel,it infers small but fatal weakness,“if we don’t know the source of this kind of idiom and the cultural information itself providing, we can’t communicate with each other effectively.The other idioms, although express the same meaning in two languages, the homologous words are different. For instance, Chinese idiom “对牛弹琴,”the homologous English explanation is cast pearls before swine, but体壮如牛became 体壮如马:as strong as a horse; Chinese speak“吹牛,”but in English is talk horse, Chinese “牛饮”was explained to drink like a horse,“风马牛不相及”was explained to a horse of another color, etc. This phenomenon of cattle to horse is caused by different modals of production and thinking habit of the two nations, China is a industrial country since ancient times, cattle cultivate land play a important role in people’s life: but England is an island nation, the British mainly rely on horse in ancient times, cattle were used in producing milk, or a course, even so, the British still not mention cattle but only say I can cat a horse when they hungry. In addition, there are many idioms related to horse, such as horse doctor(蹩脚医生)horse laugh(纵声大笑) a dark horse (出人意料的胜出者)change horses(换班子)。
青海西宁第十一中学
一九六九年
3月青海省劳改局将此校交于西宁市。
一九ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ0年
1月28日成立西宁市第十一中学革命委员会。
一九七一年
初中改为三年制,同年招收第一届高中生,学制两年,成为一所集小学、初中、高中为一体的十年一贯制学校。
一九七三年
举行了第四屆全校春季运动会。
二、变更
一九七六年
3月将小学部交西宁市城中区。
修建了具有六个单元的住宅楼。
6月,张敏老师于第十四届“希望杯”全国数学竞赛中被评为“数学教育优秀园丁”。
8月,曾宪纲老师被评为市学科带头人,王秀琴、韩玉梅两位老师分别被评为市中学骨干教师。
9月学校广场交工并投入使用,同月,逸夫综合实验楼也投入使用。匡媛媛老师被评为省首届中小学“十杰教师”,王秀琴老师被评为市优秀教师、优秀教育工作者。
二OO四年
在全体师生的共同努力下,学校获得西宁市市文明校园荣誉称号。
2月28日,召开西宁十一中四届一次教代会,会议审议通过了《西宁十一中改革方案》。
4月,匡媛媛老师被评为市劳动模范,王秀琴老师被授予“青年岗位能手”称号,张敏老师获第九届全国“华罗庚金杯”数学竞赛优秀教练员称号,金新萍、刘峰两位老师在新世纪星杯全国少儿文学大赛中分别获得一等和二等辅导奖,刘峰老师还获得省第三届“好作文”优秀指导奖。
9月,匡媛媛老师被评为市十佳教师。
杨秀清老师获全国中学化学竞赛指导教师奖。
专题1:本科生论文写作ABC-论文写作概述
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• (5)研究贡献归纳不准确
– 要实事求是,避免太空洞 – 要尽量具体,避免太抽象 – 要尽量浓缩,避免太罗嗦
• 最好不要超过3个 • 最好不要提及方法、变量、样本等方面的创新
– 写法
• “通过研究……,丰富了……领域的文献。现有文献……。”
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三、如何做实证研究?
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1.什么是实证研究?
• Tell an interesting story (idea) • Prove the story is true (理论分析+实证检验)
实证研究最重要的是idea还是实证方法?
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• (2)大题小作,包罗万象
– 题目1:利益相关者对会计信息质量的影响研究
• 利益相关者角度:债权人、员工、供应商和客户、政府……
• 会计信息质量:盈余管理、信息含量、会计稳健性、盈余持续 性……
– 题目2:利益相关者与公司财务决策
• 财务决策:融资、投资、股利……
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6.要避免的一些陷阱
• 研究不证自明的问题
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– 实证研究概述 – 实证论文选题 – 实证论文写作规范 – SAS软件应用
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Part Ⅱ
实证研究入门简介
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一、基本概念
毕业论文开题报告---题目---幼儿园班级墙面环境创设现状及优化策略研究——以长沙市四所幼儿园为例
毕业论文开题报告题目:幼儿园班级墙面环境创设现状及优化策略研究——以长沙市四所幼儿园为例一、文献综述(结合课题任务情况,查阅文献资料,撰写不少于1000字的文献综述。
主要参考文献附后)班级墙面是幼儿园教育环境的一个重要组成部分,能促使幼儿在语言、思维、想象、动手操作、社会性等方面得到提高。
如若忽视班级墙面对幼儿的教育意义,使得幼儿不易从环境中习得经验,可能对幼儿今后的生活造成不良影响,因此幼儿园班级墙面环境创设极其重要。
此外,通过对知网、超星期刊及学术快报等网站检索发现,幼儿园班级墙面环境创设在近几年逐渐受到专家学者们的广泛关注,国内外学者也从不同角度对幼儿园班级墙面环境创设进行了一定的探索与研究。
(一)国外研究现状关于国外幼儿园班级墙面环境创设的文献数量不多,研究主要集中在以下几个方面:1.幼儿园班级墙面环境创设内容、颜色的相关研究国外较为重视幼儿园班级墙面环境创设的内容及颜色的作用。
福田篤子(2014)曾指出日本幼儿园儿童作品的处理方式及张贴内容会在年度交替和月份交替时改变。
郭洳君(2016)认为色彩在空间中适时扮演一个情感与感知的催化剂,在教室中使用中性稳定色彩能够帮助幼儿稳定情绪、提升活力、降低恐惧。
2.幼儿园班级墙面环境创设功能的相关研究国外学者对于幼儿园班级墙面环境创设的功能看法各有侧重。
美国教育家杜威认为,人的一切知识、经验都是通过活动习得的,在与环境的相互作用、相互影响中获得的。
不仅如此,苏霍姆林斯基也表示:“一所好的学校, 连墙壁也会说话。
”董旭花(2018)等指出欧吉瑞教育工作者也对幼儿园环境能够起到促进幼儿知识、情感、技能发展的类似于教师的作用表示认可。
Bin ZENG(2017)认为幼儿园的大多数班级中,装饰墙在儿童社会发展方面起着重要作用。
Kirk and Jay(2018)指出当儿童参与到与周围环境的互动中,儿童理想的社会情绪和能力的可能性会增加。
3.幼儿园班级墙面环境创设幼儿参与的相关研究环境创设中幼儿的主体地位已获多数学者肯定。
乳糖在脱水蔬菜和水产品中的应用
学院毕业论文乳糖在脱水蔬菜和水产品中的应用专业:班级:学号:姓名:指导老师姓名:论文提交日期:年月本文首先主要介绍了乳糖在保持水产品的色泽、改善产品质地和风味、延长产品保质期等方面的作用;乳糖在脱水蔬菜中降低干物质的水分活度;保持产品原有色泽;改善脱水蔬菜的风味;大幅度收缩干燥过程,有利于保持蔬菜原有的组织状态,提高脱水蔬菜的复水性等作用。
关键词:乳糖;水产品;脱水蔬菜。
引言 (1)1乳糖的简介 (1)1.1乳糖的制作 (1)1.2乳糖的特性 (1)2乳糖的应用 (2)2.1乳糖在脱水蔬菜加工中的应用 (2)2.1.1脱水和降低水分活度的作用 (3)2.1.2改善风味、提高复水效果 (3)2.1.3护色作用 (3)2.2乳糖在水产品中的应用 (3)2.2.1鱿鱼丝、鱼片风味的改善 (3)2.2.2保持产品色泽稳定、延长保质期 (4)2.2.3增加产品的得率,改善产品的质地 (4)3乳糖在其他产品中的应用及拓展 (4)致谢 (5)参考文献 (7)引言乳糖只存在于哺乳动物乳汁中,在牛乳中含量为 4.5%~5.0%(平均4.7%),它是由β-1,4糖苷键将1分子D-葡萄糖和1分子D-半乳糖结合而成的双糖。
乳糖多以乳清为原料生产,广泛用于食品、制药工业和功能性配料,有时也用做食品营养强化剂。
1乳糖的简介1.1乳糖的制作乳清加入石灰乳混合加热后再经沉淀过滤蒸发浓缩、冷却晶体、分除母液、洗涤结晶、分除洗水、干燥制成粗制乳糖,由粗制乳糖经过溶解、压滤、结晶、分除母液、洗涤、干燥、粉碎、筛选、包装制成精制乳糖。
乳清的干物质含量 6.5%、乳糖含量 4.8%、脂肪含量0.4%、灰分含量0.05%,酸度1°T。
(1)乳清蛋白的分离:加石灰乳中和,使酪蛋白沉淀,过滤或压滤.(2)乳清浓缩:采用单效或多效浓缩罐,温度不超过70℃,终了时,浓缩糖液的比重不应低于40°Be′,浓缩度为90~92%,干物质达60~70%,乳糖含量为54~55%。
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本科毕业论文(设计)指导过程记录册
题目:凸函数在定积分中的应用
学号: 2010101340学生姓名: 张敏
选题编号: 310141340届别: 2014届
二级学院、系: 数学系专业: 数学与应用数学指导教师姓名及职称: 王海军讲师
太原师范学院教务处制
说明
1.教师和学生应认真填写相应内容,签名齐全。
2.装订顺序为:开题报告、修改(指导、实验)情况记录、学生工作总结及自我评价、形式审核表、指导教师和评阅教师评价表、答辩评议表、成绩评定表。
3.本记录册作为毕业论文(设计)答辩的主要存档材料,与论文正文一起由各二级学院、系保存至学生毕业后两年。
太原师范学院本科毕业论文(设计)开题报告
太原师范学院本科毕业论文(设计)修改(指导、实验)情况记录
太原师范学院本科毕业论文(设计)学生工作总结及自我评价
太原师范学院本科毕业论文(设计)形式审核表
注:
指没有相应要求和项目。
太原师范学院本科毕业论文(设计)指导教师和评阅教师评价表
太原师范学院本科毕业论文(设计)指导教师和评阅教师评价表(续)
太原师范学院本科毕业论文(设计)答辩评议表
太原师范学院本科毕业论文(设计)成绩评定表。