Chapter 2 Kings and Queens 英美文化概论 教学课件
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“the foundation of the constitutionalism”
Ⅱ.Transition of the constitutionalism
1. the Civil War 1642-1649
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) a. the leader of the parliamentary forces b. the Lord Protector
Henry VIII (reign: 1509--1547)
• Separation of Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church
Religious reformation
Archbishop of Canterbury: the spiritual leader of the Church of England
Legacy of the civil war: • the abolishing of the monarchy • the formation of Commonwealth of England
“the founder of the nation”
2. the Glorious Revolution 1688
Chapter 2 Kings and Queens
Constitutional Monarchy
Prince gets married!
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge
The Monarchy Today
• House of Windsor since 1952
• Name: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary • Coronation: 1952 • National anthem: God save the Queen
the Prince of Wales (the first heir to the throne) the Duchess of Cornwall
3. In social life
“…modernize and shape the English culture.”
• the evolution of constitutional monarchy
1. decreasing political power of the monarch
The Chartism
2. the growth of parliamentary democracy
3. high level of prestige and influence
mediation
the House of Lord the House of Common
The Chartism (the Chartist movement)
• mid-19th century • the people’s charter of 1838
• a vote for every man 21 years old • no property qualification for parliament member • annual parliament
Absolute monarchy: the sole source of the political power as the king or queen is not legally bound by the constitution.
Constitutional monarchy is a form of constitutional government in which the monarch is the head of the state, but the directly- or indirectly-elected Prime Minister is the head of the government that exercises the power.
Portrait of young Queen Victoria
• spouse: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Family life of the Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
• “the Grandmother of Europe”
Which king is known as Lionheart or crusader?
the English bourgeoisie
the Bill of Rights
the Constitutional Monarchy
Ⅲ. The Victorian era
• the longest reign • the rising of the British Empire • the evolution of parliamentary democracy • the modernization of society
Ⅰ. The age of absolute Monarchy 1066 The Norman Conquest of England
Magna Carta (the Great Charter), 1215
• the king could not exact payment from the lords
Her descendants: Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the United Kindom (and her husband) King Harald of Norway King Carl Gustaf of Sweden Queen Margarethe Ⅱ of Denmark King Juan Carlos of Spain(and his wife) Constantine Ⅱ of Greece the throne of Russia, Prussian and Germany
working class (proletariat)
• the evolution of constitutional monarchy
1. decreasing political power of the monarch
The Chartism
2. the growth of parliamentary democracy
• the rising of the British Empire 1. In politics
“a worldwide empire on which the sun never set”
• in Europe • in Asia • in Africa
2. In Economics
• the accomplishment of Industrialization • the uprising of the capitalist class
in her Diamond Jubilee, 1897
• Heiress to throne
Victoria receives the news of her accession to throne from the Prime Minister and the Archbishop of Canterbury
without their consent
privileged class
• no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of property without conviction
townspeople/ folk
• merchant could move about freely
merchants/craftsmen
• the lords had the right to force the King to obey the law if he attempted to free himself from the law
Protecting townspeople, merchants, craftsmen
the Second Reform Act of 1867
3. high level of prestige and influence
mediation
the House of Lord the House of Common
Constitutional monarchies with parliamentary systems
Prince William and Harry (the 2nd and 3rd heir)
What can the monarch do for the nation?
“…to advise, guide and warn the government of the day.”
the constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy
• Six wives:
“divorced, executed, died, divorced, executed, survived”
Queen Mary I (bloody Mary )
Queen Elizwenku.baidu.combeth I (Virgin Queen)
Website: www. royal.gov.uk
• the longest reign
Reign: 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901 Name: Alexandrina Victoria Born: 24 May, 1819 Kensington Palace, London Coronation: 28 June 1838 House: House of Hanover
Ⅱ.Transition of the constitutionalism
1. the Civil War 1642-1649
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) a. the leader of the parliamentary forces b. the Lord Protector
Henry VIII (reign: 1509--1547)
• Separation of Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church
Religious reformation
Archbishop of Canterbury: the spiritual leader of the Church of England
Legacy of the civil war: • the abolishing of the monarchy • the formation of Commonwealth of England
“the founder of the nation”
2. the Glorious Revolution 1688
Chapter 2 Kings and Queens
Constitutional Monarchy
Prince gets married!
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge
The Monarchy Today
• House of Windsor since 1952
• Name: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary • Coronation: 1952 • National anthem: God save the Queen
the Prince of Wales (the first heir to the throne) the Duchess of Cornwall
3. In social life
“…modernize and shape the English culture.”
• the evolution of constitutional monarchy
1. decreasing political power of the monarch
The Chartism
2. the growth of parliamentary democracy
3. high level of prestige and influence
mediation
the House of Lord the House of Common
The Chartism (the Chartist movement)
• mid-19th century • the people’s charter of 1838
• a vote for every man 21 years old • no property qualification for parliament member • annual parliament
Absolute monarchy: the sole source of the political power as the king or queen is not legally bound by the constitution.
Constitutional monarchy is a form of constitutional government in which the monarch is the head of the state, but the directly- or indirectly-elected Prime Minister is the head of the government that exercises the power.
Portrait of young Queen Victoria
• spouse: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Family life of the Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
• “the Grandmother of Europe”
Which king is known as Lionheart or crusader?
the English bourgeoisie
the Bill of Rights
the Constitutional Monarchy
Ⅲ. The Victorian era
• the longest reign • the rising of the British Empire • the evolution of parliamentary democracy • the modernization of society
Ⅰ. The age of absolute Monarchy 1066 The Norman Conquest of England
Magna Carta (the Great Charter), 1215
• the king could not exact payment from the lords
Her descendants: Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the United Kindom (and her husband) King Harald of Norway King Carl Gustaf of Sweden Queen Margarethe Ⅱ of Denmark King Juan Carlos of Spain(and his wife) Constantine Ⅱ of Greece the throne of Russia, Prussian and Germany
working class (proletariat)
• the evolution of constitutional monarchy
1. decreasing political power of the monarch
The Chartism
2. the growth of parliamentary democracy
• the rising of the British Empire 1. In politics
“a worldwide empire on which the sun never set”
• in Europe • in Asia • in Africa
2. In Economics
• the accomplishment of Industrialization • the uprising of the capitalist class
in her Diamond Jubilee, 1897
• Heiress to throne
Victoria receives the news of her accession to throne from the Prime Minister and the Archbishop of Canterbury
without their consent
privileged class
• no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of property without conviction
townspeople/ folk
• merchant could move about freely
merchants/craftsmen
• the lords had the right to force the King to obey the law if he attempted to free himself from the law
Protecting townspeople, merchants, craftsmen
the Second Reform Act of 1867
3. high level of prestige and influence
mediation
the House of Lord the House of Common
Constitutional monarchies with parliamentary systems
Prince William and Harry (the 2nd and 3rd heir)
What can the monarch do for the nation?
“…to advise, guide and warn the government of the day.”
the constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy
• Six wives:
“divorced, executed, died, divorced, executed, survived”
Queen Mary I (bloody Mary )
Queen Elizwenku.baidu.combeth I (Virgin Queen)
Website: www. royal.gov.uk
• the longest reign
Reign: 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901 Name: Alexandrina Victoria Born: 24 May, 1819 Kensington Palace, London Coronation: 28 June 1838 House: House of Hanover