考研英语完形填空真题及答案解析
考研英语一完形填空历年真题试卷汇编11_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编11(总分120, 做题时间90分钟)1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C orD.Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be aresounding "yes！"【B1】______helping you feel close and【B2】______to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a【B3】______of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you【B4】______getting sick this winter. In a recent study【B5】______over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examinedthe effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs【B6】______the participants' susceptibility to developing **mon cold after being【B7】______to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come【B8】______with a cold, and the researchers【B9】______that the stress-reducing effects of hugging【B10】______about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.【B11】______among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe【B12】______. "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the【B13】______risk for colds that' s usually【B14】______with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps【B15】______the feeling that others are there to help【B16】______difficulty." Some experts【B17】______the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"【B18】______it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it【B19】______in the brain, where it【B20】______mood, behavior and physiology.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.【B1】A UnlikeB BesidesC ThroughoutD Despite分值: 2答案:B解析：考查逻辑关系。
考研英语一完形填空试题及答案解析
考研英语一完形填空试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 .For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.16 , there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.1. [A] pauses [B] returns [C] peaks[D] fades2. [A] alternatively [B]formally [C]accidentally[D] generally3. [A] while [B] since [C] once[D] until4. [A] detection [B] accumulation [C] consumption[D] separation5. [A] possibility [B] decision [C] goal[D] requirement6. [A] delay [B] ensure [C] seek[D] utilize7. [A] modified [B] supported [C] included[D] predicted8. [A] devoted [B] compared [C] converted[D] applied9. [A] with [B] above [C] by[D] against10. [A] lived [B] managed [C] scored[D] played11. [A] ran out [B] set off [C] drew in[D] went by12. [A] superior [B] attributable [C] parallel[D] resistant13. [A] restored [B] isolated [C] involved[D] controlled14. [A] alter [B] spread [C] remove[D] explain15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] demands[D] treatments16. [A] Likewise [B] Meanwhile [C] Therefore[D] Instead17. [A] change [B] watch [C] count[D] take18. [A] well-being [B] process [C] formation[D] coordination19. [A] level [B] love [C] knowledge [D] space20. [A] design [B] routine [C] diet[D] prescription1. 【答案】C（peaks）【解析】逻辑关系题。
考研英语完形填空答案及真题解析
20XX年考研英语完形填空答案及真题解析(沪江完美版)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state.__11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. ___20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely【标准答案】1．[C]despite 从后面一个句子中的little我们可以判断出这里的转折意为，因而本题选择despite；2．[D]produce 此处前一个词does表示强调，根据上下文课意思可判断选项；3．[B]boosting boost意思是促进增进、stabilize意思是稳定、impair是减少削弱、determine意思是决定。
考研英语一完形填空历年真题试卷汇编9_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编9(总分120, 做题时间90分钟)1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.The homeless make up a growing percentage of America' s population.【B1】______, homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can't possibly【B2】______. To help homeless people【B3】______independence, the federal government must support job training programs,【B4】______the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 【B5】______everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates【B6】______anywhere from 600, 000 to 3 million.【B7】______the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is【B8】______. One of the federal government's studies【B9】______that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to【B10】______this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.【B11】______when homeless individuals manage to find a【B12】______that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day【B13】______the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,【B14】______not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 【B15】______skills needed to turn their lives【B16】______. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are【B17】______programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 【B18】______Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,【B19】______it, "There has to be【B20】______of programs. What's needed is a package deal."SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.【B1】A IndeedB LikewiseC ThereforeD Furthermore分值: 2答案:A解析：考查逻辑关系。
2021年考研《英语二》完形填空真题及答案解析精选全文
精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）2021年考研《英语二》完形填空真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, _____(1), to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. _____(2)one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll _____(3)see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to _____(4)that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are _____(5). How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why? Because the target is _____(6).People complained that buses were late and infrequent. _____(7), the number of busesand bus lanes were increased, and drivers were _____(8)or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they _____(9)hit cyclists. If the target was changed to _____(10),you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more _____(11)drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another _____(12)people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you _____(13)that you can leave on a flight but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a _____(14)is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.The _____(15)of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well _____(16)others. Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a _____(17). Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria _____(18)critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to _____(19)just one or even two dimensions of theobjective, but also to understand how to help people better _____(20)the objective.1.【题干】1._____.【选项】A.thereforeB.howeverC.againD.moreover【答案】B2.【题干】2._____.【选项】A.EmphasizeB.IdentifyC.AssessD.Explain【答案】A3.【题干】3._____.【选项】A.nearlyB.curiouslyC.eagerlyD.quickly【答案】D4.【题干】4._____. 【选项】A.claimB.proveC.cheekD.recall【答案】C5.【题干】5._____. 【选项】A.threatenedB.ignoredC.mockedD.blamed【答案】B6.【题干】6._____. 【选项】A.punctualityB.hospitalitypetitionD.innovation【答案】A7.【题干】7._____. 【选项】A.YetB.SoC.BesidesD.Still【答案】B8.【题干】8._____. 【选项】A.hiredB.trainedC.rewardedD.grouped【答案】C9.【题干】9._____. 【选项】A.onlyB.ratherC.onceD.also【答案】D10.【题干】10._____.【选项】fortB.revenueC.efficiencyD.security【答案】B11.【题干】11._____. 【选项】A.friendlyB.quietC.cautiousD.diligent【答案】C12.【题干】12._____. 【选项】A.purposeB.problemC.prejudiceD.policy【答案】B13.【题干】13._____. 【选项】A.interestingB.revealedC.admittedD.noticed【答案】D14.【题干】14._____. 【选项】A.breakB.tripC.departureD.transfer【答案】B15.【题干】15._____. 【选项】A.moralB.backgroundC.styleD.form【答案】A16.【题干】16._____. 【选项】A.interpretC.sacrificeD.tolerate【答案】C17.【题干】17._____. 【选项】A.taskB.secretC.productD.cost【答案】D18.【题干】18._____. 【选项】A.leading toB.calling forC.relating toD.accounting for 【答案】C19.【题干】19._____. 【选项】A.specifyB.predictD.create【答案】A20.【题干】20._____. 【选项】A.modifyB.reviewC.presentD.achieve【答案】D。
2022考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版)
2022考研英语一真题及答案解析(完整版）一、完形填空1. 题目分析：本题主要考查考生对上下文语境的理解及词汇辨析能力。
文章讲述了人们对于时间的感知及其影响因素。
答案解析：第一空选A，根据下文提到的“我们的时间感知受到注意力的影响”，可知此处应选与“注意力”相关的词汇，故A选项“focus”符合题意。
2. 题目分析：本题要求考生根据上下文逻辑关系选择合适的连词。
答案解析：第二空选B，前后两句为因果关系，故B选项“because”为正确答案。
3. 题目分析：本题考查考生对固定搭配的掌握。
答案解析：第三空选C，"range fromto"为固定搭配，表示“从……到……的范围”，故C选项正确。
二、阅读理解Part APart B分析：本文为议论文，主要讨论了社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响。
答案解析：第41题选F，根据文章结构可知，F选项“社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响”为文章主旨。
三、翻译分析：本题要求考生将一段关于中国传统文化与现代科技融合的中文翻译成英文。
四、写作Section A分析：本部分要求考生根据所给图表写一篇短文，图表展示了某高校学生阅读兴趣的变化趋势。
答案解析：The chart illustrates the changes in college students' reading interests over a period of three years. It is evident that there has been a significant shift in their preferences. Initially, fiction was the genre of choice for the majority of students, accounting for 60%. However, over the next two years, the interest in fiction gradually declined to 40%. Conversely, the popularity of nonfiction surged from 30% to 50%, indicating a growing trend among students to engage with more informative and educational content.Section B分析：本部分要求考生根据所给题目和提纲，写一篇论述文。
2024考研英语一完形填空试题及答案(第1题-20题)
2024考研英语一完形填空试题及答案（第1题-20题）业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
完形填空There's nothing more welcoming than opening a door for you.（1）Without the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in（2）improving disabled access to buildings and helping provide general（3）convenience to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years（4）successively by two Americans, Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt. They（5）started out as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their（6）benefits have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly（7）useful in busy locations and during times of emergency, the doors（8）act as crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.（9）As well as making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps to reduce the total area（10）. occupied by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these（11）allow smaller spaces to maximise the usable space inside without having to（12）clear the way for a large, sticking-out door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each（13）relying on specific signals to tell them when to open.（14）Although these methods differ, the main（15）principles remain the same.Each automatic door system（16）analyses the light, sound, weight, or movement in their vicinity as a signal. Sensor-types are chosen to（17）compare the different environments they are needed in.（18）For example, a busy road might not（19）suit a motion-sensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressure-sensitive mat would be more（20）appropriate to limit the surveyed area.答案:1-10题：DCBAB CADAD 11-20题：ACCDC BDCBA。
考研英语完形填空真题及答案解析
考研英语完形填空The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened[C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5.[A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6.[A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7.[A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9.[A]line [B]barrier[C]similarity [D]conflict10.[A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12.[A]serve [B]satisfy[C]upset [D]replace13.[A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14.[A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result1.【答案】B 【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。
考研英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【C1】______the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【C2】______of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【C3】______bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【C4】______and will strictly control the amount of 【C5】______that can be given to a case【C6】______a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he 【C7】______with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 【C8】______sufficient control. 【C9】______of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【C10】______of media protest when he said the 【C11】______of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【C12】______to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【C13】______the European Convention on Human Rights legally【C14】______in Britain, laid down that everybody was【C15】______to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands【C16】______our British judges,” he said. Witness payments became an【C17】______fter West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【C18】______to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【C19】______witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【C20】______guilty verdicts.1．【C1】A．as toB．for instanceC．in particularD．such as正确答案：D解析：考查逻辑关系。
2023年考研英语完形填空真题解析
考研英语完形填空真题解析The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1this is largely because,2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7. [A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] stick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside from文章背景文章旳主题是"人旳鼻子"，作者谈论旳中心议题是"我们常常低估了鼻子旳功能。
考研英语二真题及答案完形填空
考研英语二真题及答案完形填空Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below and marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Man-made climate change, or global warming, has become a hot topic in recent years. It refers to long-term changes in the earth's temperature attributed mainly to the increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in 1 atmosphere, which trap more heat. There has been a heated debate over the causes and the effects of 2 change, and ways to address the issue.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by the United Nations in 1988 to assess the scientific, technical, and socio-economic information relevant to the understanding of climate change. 3 the IPCC has highlighted that there is strong evidence that human activities have caused the observed increase in greenhouse gases, the uncertainties surrounding climate change still persist.In the context of climate change 4 , the term "mitigation" refers to measures taken to reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases in order to limit or prevent the extent of climate change. Examples of mitigation 5 adopting renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, and improving energy efficiency in buildings and transportation.Mitigation 6 also include afforestation, which is the establishment of forests where there were none previously, as forests absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and help reduce greenhouse gas levels.Adaptation, on the other hand, refers to the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change. This is 7 important for vulnerable communities and ecosystems that are exposed to the impacts of climate change. Examples of adaptation measures 8 the construction of sea walls to protect coastal areas from rising sea levels, developing drought-resistant crops to combat water scarcity, and implementing early warning systems for extreme weather events.Addressing climate change requires concerted efforts from all countries around the world, as it is a global issue that 9 no boundaries. The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015 by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), aims to strengthen the global response to climate change and limit the global temperature increase to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.In conclusion, man-made climate change is a pressing issue that requires urgent action. Both mitigation and adaptation measures will be necessary to address the causes and impacts of climate change. It is crucial for individuals, governments, and organizations to work together to minimize the effects of global warming and ensure a sustainable future for our planet.1. A. each B. an C. our D. the2. A. this B. that C. such D. these3. A. While B. Although C. However D. Moreover4. A. discussion B. debate C. analysis D. context5. A. cover B. match C. include D. select6. A. could B. might C. will D. can7. A. particularly B. partially C. extremely D. officially8. A. provide B. involve C. require D. consist9. A. recognizes B. exceeds C. accepts D. crosses答案:1. D2. C3. B4. D5. C6. D7. A8. C9. C参考译文:第A部分说明：下面短文中有15个空白，每个空白通常有四个选项。
2023考研英语一完形填空部分试题答案
2023考研英语一完形填空部分试题答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically 1 outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments 2 .This word “Caravanserais” is a 3 of the Persian word “caravan”, which means a group of travelers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. The term caravan was used to 4 groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, 5 merchants, travellers or pilgrims......1. [A] displayed [B] occupied [C] located [D] equipped2. [A] privately [B] regularly [C] respectively [D] permanently3. [A] definition [B] transition [C] substitution [D] combination4. [A] classify [B] record [C] describe [D] connect5. [A] apart from [B] instead of [C] such as [D] along with6. [A] construction [B] restoration [C] impression [D] evaluation7. [A] doubted [B] faced [C] accepted [D] reduced8. [A] assigned [B] subjected [C] accustomed [D] opposed9. [A] so that [B] even if [C] now that [D] in case10. [A] talking [B] starting [C] breaking [D] meeting11. [A] By the way [B] On occasion [C] In comparison [D] As a result12. [A] heritage [B] revival [C] exchange [D] status13. [A] with regard to [B] in spite of [C] as well as [D] in line with14. [A] completing [B] influencing [C] resuming [D] pioneering15. [A] aided [B] invested [C] failed [D] competed16. [A] Rather [B] Indeed [C] Otherwise [D] However17. [A] go in for [B] stand up for [C] close in on [D] stock up on18. [A] believed [B] predicted [C] recalled [D] implied19. [A] until [B] because [C] unless [D] although20. [A] ruins [B] debt [C] fashion [D] series【答案】1. [C] located2. [A] privately3. [D] combination4. [C] describe5. [C] such as6. [A] construction7. [B] faced8. [B] subjected9. [A] so that10. [D] meeting11. [D] As a result12. [C] exchange13. [C] as well as14. [B] influencing15. [A] aided16. [B] Indeed17. [D] stock up on18. [A] believed19. [D] although20. [A] ruins。
考研英语二完形填空-试卷84_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷84(总分120, 做题时间90分钟)1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.Why do we need the English major? The【C1】______is in every mouth—or, at least, is discussed extensively in columns and【C2】______. The English major is vanishing from our colleges as the Latin vanished before it, we"re told, a【C3】______choice bound to a dead subject. This spring at Pomona College, 16 students graduated【C4】______an English major out of a student body of 1,560, a terribly【C5】______number, and from other, similar schools, other, similar numbers. 【C6】______a number of defenses have been mounted, none of them, so far, terribly persuasive even to one【C7】______them to persuade. The defenses come in two kinds: one【C8】______that English majors make better people, the other that English majors (or at least humanities majors) make【C9】______better societies; that, as Christina Pax-son, the president of Brown University, just put it in The New Republic, "there are real, definite benefits to the humanistic【C10】______—to the study of history, literature, art, theater, music, and languages." We need the humanities, she explains patiently,【C11】______they may end up giving us other stuff we actually like: "We do not always know the future benefits of what we study and【C12】______should not rush to reject some forms of research as less【C13】______than others." The study of English, to be sure,【C14】______from its own discontents: it isn"t a science, and so the "research" you do is not really research. So why have English majors? Well, because many people like books. Most of those like to talk about them after they"ve read them, or while they"re in the middle. One might call this a natural or【C15】______consequence of literacy. And it"s this living, irresistible, permanent interestin reading that【C16】______English departments, and makes【C17】______of English majors.【C18】______we closed down every English department in the country, loud, good, expert, or at least hyper-enthusiastic readers would still emerge. As one important branch of humanities, studying English won"t be time-wasted. As Professor Paxson said, the humanities help us【C19】______life more and endure it better. The reason we need the humanities is because we"re human.【C1】A themeB disputeC issueD inquiry该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：空格前定冠词The表明所需名词应指上文出现过的事物。
考研英语完形填空真题解析
1.202X年考研英语完形填空试题解读Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes2.that young adults experience.3.And they also need to4.give serious 21 thought to5.how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes.6.Growing bodies need movement and 23exercise ,7.but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 但是不能只注重比赛8.24 Because they are adjusting to their new bodies9.and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, 一大堆10.teenagers are especially self-conscious11.and need the 25 confidence12.that comes from achieving success13.and knowing that their accomplishments14.are 26 admired by others.15.However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition16.that it would be 27 to plan activities17.in which there are more winners than losers, 因此安排一些赢者多，输者少的活动是很明智的18.28 for example ,19.publishing newsletters 出版时事通讯刊印业务通讯20.with many student-written book reviews,21.29 displaying student artwork, and22.sponsoring book discussion clubs. 赞助23.A variety of small clubs24.can provide 30multiple opportunities for leadership, 为培养领导才能提供多种时机25.multiple 多种的，倍数，26.leadership 领导能力，领导层27.as well as for practice in successful 31 group dynamics. 为成功的群体动力提供练习28.dynamics 力学，动力学29.Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,30.and many shy students31.need the 32 security of some kind of organization 需要参加某个组织以获得平安感32.with a supportive adult 33 barely visible in the backgrounda)需要有一位成人在只有后台看到见的地方提供支持In these activities,33.it is important to remember that the young teens34.have 34 short attention spans. 注意力延续时间很短35.A variety of activities should be organized36.35 so that participants can remain active as long as they want 这样参加活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久37.and then go on to 36something else 然后就可以做一些其它的事情38.without feeling guilty39.and without letting the other participants 37 down . 也不会让其它参与者失望40.This does not mean that 这并不是说41.adults must accept irresponsibility. 大人必须接受不负责任的做法42.38 On the contrary43.they can help students acquire a sense of commitment获得一种责任感44.by 39planning for roles45.that are within their 40 capability 他们力所能及46.and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范围47.and by having clearly stated rules.通过制定清楚的活动规则Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A] thought[B]idea[C] opinion[D] advice22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple31.[A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something37.[A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone38.[A] On the contrary[C] On the whole[B] On the average[D] On the other hand39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking40.[A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency[D] efficiency文章背景这是一篇讲述关于如何援助青年少适应变化的社科类议论文。
考研英语试题及答案详解
考研英语试题及答案详解一、阅读理解（共20分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项陈述是正确的？A. 城市化进程中，环境问题日益严重。
B. 城市化进程中，人们生活质量得到显著提升。
C. 城市化进程中，人口密度没有显著变化。
D. 城市化进程中，经济发展速度放缓。
答案：A解析：文章中提到城市化进程中伴随而来的环境问题，如空气污染和水资源短缺，因此选项A正确。
选项B、C和D在文章中没有提及，故排除。
2. 作者对于城市化的看法是什么？A. 支持城市化，认为其是经济发展的必然结果。
B. 反对城市化，认为其导致了一系列社会问题。
C. 中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。
D. 未明确表达对城市化的看法。
答案：C解析：文章中作者提到城市化带来了经济增长和生活便利，同时也指出了其带来的环境和社会问题，因此作者持中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。
二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In recent years, the popularity of online courses has grown rapidly. The reason is that they offer flexibility and convenience that traditional classroom learning often cannot match. For example, students can access the courses at any time and from any place, which is particularly beneficial for those who have to balance their studies with work or family commitments.3. The word "flexibility" in the passage most probably means ______.A. the ability to change easilyB. the ability to bend easilyC. the ability to stretch easilyD. the ability to move easily答案：A解析：根据上下文，"flexibility"在这里指的是在线课程提供的时间上的灵活性，即学生可以根据自己的时间安排来学习，因此选项A"the ability to change easily"是最佳选项。
考研英语完形填空真题及解析
考研英语完形填空真题解析Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning-a 7 process-instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That's the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. ［A］ Suppose［B］ Consider［C］ Observe［D］ Imagine2. ［A］ tended［B］ feared［C］ happened［D］ threatened3. ［A］ thinner［B］ stabler［C］ lighter［D］ dimmer4. ［A］ tendency［B］ advantage［C］ inclination［D］ priority5. ［A］ insists on［B］ sums up［C］ turns out［D］ puts forward6. ［A］ off［B］ behind［C］ over［D］ along7. ［A］ incredible［B］ spontaneous［C］inevitable［D］ gradual8. ［A］ fight［B］ doubt［C］ stop［D］ think9. ［A］ invisible［B］ limited［C］ indefinite［D］ different10. ［A］ upward［B］ forward［C］ afterward［D］ backward11. ［A］ features［B］ influences［C］ results［D］ costs12. ［A］ outside［B］ on［C］ by［D］ across13. ［A］ deliver［B］ carry［C］ perform［D］ apply14. ［A］ by chance［B］ in contrast［C］ as usual［D］ for instance15. ［A］ if［B］ unless［C］ as［D］ lest16. ［A］ moderate［B］ overcome［C］ determine［D］ reach17. ［A］ at［B］ for［C］ after［D］ with18. ［A］ Above all［B］ After all［C］ However［D］ Otherwise19. ［A］ fundamental［B］ comprehensive［C］ equivalent［D］hostile20. ［A］ By accident［B］ In time［C］ So far［D］ Better still 答案详解1.【解析】［B］语义衔接/词汇辨析题。
2023年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案
2023年考研英语（一）真题及参考答案一、完形填空Use of EnglishCaravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas includingChina,North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically__1__outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of__2__.This word“Caravanserais”is a__3__of the Persian word“karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to__4__groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the10th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes become more developed,the__6__of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night.Travellers on the Silk Road __7__possibility of being attacked by thieves or being__8__to extreme conditions.For this reason,Caravanserais were strategically placed __9__they could be reached in a day’s travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal__10__point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.__11__,those structures became important centers for culture__12__and interaction,with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,__13__talking knowledge with them,greatly__14__the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and __15__in the trade of goods along the Silk Road.__16__,it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and__17__supplies for their own journeys.It is__18__that around120000to15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,__19__only about3000are known to remain today,many of which are in__20__.1.第1题答案是A.displayedB.occupiedC.locatedD.equpped [答案]C2.第2题答案是A.privatelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.permanently [答案]A第3题答案是_A.definitionB.transitionC.substitutionbination [答案]B第4题答案是_A.cassifyB.recordC.describeD.connect[答案]C第5题答案是A.apart fromB.instead ofD.along with [答案]C第6题答案是A.constructionB.restorationC.impressionD.evaluation [答案]A第7题答案是_A.doubtedB.facedC.aceptedD.reduced[答案]B第8题答案是A.assignedB.subjectedC.accustomedD.opposed[答案]B第9题答案是A.so thatC.now thatD.in case[答案]A第10题答案是_A.tlkingB.startingC.breakingD.meeting[答案]D第11题答案是A.By the wayB.On occasionC.In comparisonD.As a result [答案]D第12题答案是A.heritageB.revivalC.exchangeD.status[答案]C第13题答案是A.with regard toB in spite ofC.as well asD.in line with [答案]C第14题答案是pletingB.influencingC.resumingD.pioneering [答案]B第15题答案是A.aidedB.investedC.ailepeted[答案]A第16题答案是_A.RatherB.IndeedC.OtherwiseD.However[答案]B第17题答案是A.go in forB.stand up forC.close in onD.stock up on [答案]D第18题答案是_A.believedB.predictedC.recalledD.implied [答案]A第19题答案是A.untilB.becauseC.unlessD.although [答案]D第20题答案是A.ruinsB.debtC.fashionD.series[答案]A二、阅读理解Text1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,who sympathized with views of the energy sector,is resisting the proposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views.“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.”says Dan Quinn,senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitors public education，“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members,rather than facts and sound scholarship.”Such debate reflects fierce discussion discussions across the US and around the world,as researchers,policymakers,teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,a non-profit group of scientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among the10worst performers were some of the most populous states,including Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centre’s deputy director,cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards.Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards,“that does not mean it will be taught”,he says.Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in highschools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught,such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21.In paragraph1,the weather in Texas is mentioned toA.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.B.stress the consequences of climate changeC.indicate the atmosphere at the board meetingD.draw the public's attention to energy shortages.[答案]C22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?A.she exaggerates the existing panicB.she denies the value of scientific workC.she shows no concern for pre-teens.D.she expresses self-contradictory views.[答案]B23.The study mentioned in Paragraph_A.climate education is insufficient at state public schools.B policy makers have lttle drive for science education.C.Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.D.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.[答案]A24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the US_A.call for regular revisionB.require urgent applicationC.have limited influenceD.cater to local needs[答案]C25.Itis implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools_A.agree to major public demandsB.reflects teachers'personal biasC.may misrepresent the energy sectorD.can be swayed by external forces[答案]DText2Communities throughout the region have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the2010s.Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory,there’s an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below1 percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market.The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,so anytime you’re taking the tool out of the toolkit for communities to address this, you’re potentially taking supply off the market that’s already incredibly stressed,’’said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing insouthern New Hampshire towns,“employers are having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,’’Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,a crucial part of the economies in places like Nantucket,Cape Cod,or the towns that make up New Hampshire’s Seacoast and Lakes Region,pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of the Cape Cod&Islands Association of Realtors.“A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,’’Castle said,“and so it’s a cyclical effect.’’Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Horn,an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston.“I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If it’s their vacation home anyway,and it’s just empty,why can’t you make money off it?’’Horn said.Issues arise, however,when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations.“I think the question is,shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel,but disguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?’’Horn said.At the end of2018,Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers.“The bill requires every rental host to register with the state,mandates they carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,’’the Globe reported. Boston took things even further,limiting who is authorized to rent out their home,and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns.The only way to solve the issue,however, is by creating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we have to build a lot more.’’26.Which of the following is true of New England?A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.B.Its communities are in need of funding.C.Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowlyD.Its home prices are under strict control.[答案]A27.The bill mentioned in Pargaph2was intended toA.cutb sortem enta speculation.B.ensure the supply of cheap housing.C.punish ilgal dealings in housing.D.allow a free short-term rental market.[答案]Dpared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to supportA.further investment in local tourism.B.an increase in affordable housing.C.strict management of real estate agents.D.a favorable policy for short-term workers.[答案]B29.What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph?A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.C.The necessty to stop developers from evading taxes.D.The proper procedures for renting out spare houses. [答案]C30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements1SA.an irrational decision.B.an unfeasible proposalC.an unnecessary measure.D.an inadequate solution.[答案]DText3If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench,you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit;the same may be true of The President's Daughter,the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables,display spaces and windows,and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me:“Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH,the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade.We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We do this generally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops.“We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately.Certainly,our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales are very strong.The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since2018.”In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers-as have customers, who might expect the new titles from the country’s biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer.Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,but it’s those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon&Schuster-the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars,lower advances,and more conformity in terms of what is published.And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has ifit weren’t quite such a big company(it was formed with the merger of Penguin and Random House in2013)and likely to get bigger.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers,publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,”says Lownie.“The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact,choice and different voices. After all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31.The author mentions two books in Paragraph1to presentA.an ongoing conflict.B.an intellectual concept.C.a prevailing sentiment.D.a literary phenomenon.[答案]A32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A.To make them easily noticeable.B.To comply with PRH's requirement.C.To respond to PRH's business move.D.To arrange them in a systematic way.[答案]C33.What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?A.Their customers remain loyal.B.The credit limit will be removed.C.Their stock is underestimated.D.The book market is rather slack.[答案]B34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A.Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.B.Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.C.Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors'books.D.Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.[答案]A35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?A.Small publishers ought to stick together.B.Big publishers will lose their dominance.C.The publishing industry is having a hard time.D.The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.[答案]CText4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than30,000journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,including the perceived quality of the journal(as reflected by the title’s impact factor)and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.In recent years,there have been several episodes of scientific fraud, including completely made-up data,massaged or doctored figures,multiple publications of the same data,theft of complete articles,plagiarism oftext,and self-plagiarism.And some scientists have come up with another way to artificially boost the number of citations to their work.Citation cartels,where journals,authors,and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers,have existed for a long time.In2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications.Recently,I came across yet another expression of this predatory behavior:so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles and the articles of colleagues. Some of these consultancies are also active in organizing conferences and can advise that citations be added to conference proceedings.In this manner,a single editor can drive hundreds of citations in the direction of his own articles or those of colleagues that may be in his circle.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation?In one example, an individual—acting as author,editor,and consultant—was able to use at least15journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.The problem is rampant in Scopus,which includes a high number of the new“international”journals.In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.36.According to Paragraph1.the careers of scientists can be determined by_A how many citations their works containB how many times their papers are citedC.the prestige of the people they work withD.the status they have in scientific circles[答案]B37.The support service consultancies tend toA.recommend journals to their clients.B.list citation patterns their clients.C.ask authors to include extra citationsD.advise contributors to cite each other[答案]C38.The Function of the“milk cow"journals is toA.boost citation counts for certain authorsB.help scholars publish articles at low costC.instruct F irst-time contributors in citationD.increase the readership of new journals.[答案]A39.What can be learned about Scopus From the last two paragraphs?A.It Fosters competition among citation providersB.It has the capability to identify suspicious citationsC.It hinders the growth of"international"journalsD.It established to prevent citation manipulation[答案]B40.What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?A.Take legal actionB.Demand an apologyC.Seek professional adviceD.Reveal their misconduct[答案]D三、阅读理解Part B下列每小题的四个选项中,只有-项是最符合题意的正确答案,多选、错选或不选均不得分。
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2012年考研英语完形填空The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened[C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5.[A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6.[A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7.[A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9.[A]line [B]barrier[C]similarity [D]conflict10.[A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12.[A]serve [B]satisfy[C]upset [D]replace13.[A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14.[A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result1.【答案】B 【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。
2.【答案】A【解析】从第三段可以看出，文章认为法院和政治之间应该是有界限的。
所以这里应该是当法官像政治家一样行事，模糊了二者之间的区别时，就失去了其作为法律卫士的合法性。
只有B，when表示这个意思。
3.【答案】B 【解析】第二段给的具体事例说明，法官出现在政治活动中会使法官形象受损，影响他们独立、公正的名声。
只有B，weaken能表示这个意思。
4.【答案】D 【解析】空前信息显示，法官出席政治活动会让法院的审判收到影响，人们就会认为其审判不公正，所以选D，be accepted as...“被认为是”。
5.【答案】C 【解析】空所在的语境为：产生这样的问题，部分原因在于“法官没有_ _道德规范”。
后一句话说，至少法院应该遵守行为规范，这显然是进一步说明上一句话。
所以上一句是说法官没有受到道德规范的约束，选C，bound。
6.【答案】B 【解析】根据解析5可以看出，这里应该是说遵守行为规范，subject与to连用，表示“服从某物，受…支配”。
故本题选B。
7.【答案】D 【解析】分析句子结构可知，这里是由that引导的定语从句修饰说明前面的行为规范，是说法院也应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。
apply to “适用于”符合题意。
resort to “求助于”;stick to “坚持(原则等)”语意不通。
8.【答案】B 【解析】空所在的语境为，类似这样的案例提出了这样一个问题：法院和政治之间是否还存在着界限。
提出问题，产生问题用只能选raise。
9.【答案】A 【解析】根据第8题可知，空内应填line，“界限”。
barrier “障碍”，similarity “相似性”，conflict“冲突”都不合题意。
10.【答案】B 【解析】根据句意，宪法的起草者们预想的是将司法从政治中分出来，让其享有独立的权力。
envision as “将…想象成…”。
所以选B。
11.【答案】A 【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。
本选项答案的确定需结合前句意思，制宪者旨在使法律不受政治的任何影响，这样一来，法官就可以免受掌权者的影响了。
此空就是考察由此所带来的结果，故选[A]。
12.【答案】C【解析】此题承接上题，可知法律不受政治的影响，从而法官也不用担心掌权者(those in power)。
13.【答案】C 【解析】此题承接上题, 结合句意, 可知该半句主要表达“法官也无需政治支持了。
”选项C最符题意。
14.【答案】D 【解析】此题考察词意辨析。
原句表达“我们的法律体系是法律完全不受政治的影响，是因为这两者是紧密。
”。
结合句意思，[D]最合题意.15.【答案】A 【解析】此题考察词意辨析。
文中说“宪法具有政治性，是因其的选择都是植根于诸如自由，财产之类的基本社会。
中。
”自由，财产是西方社会的一些基本社会理念或概念，故选[A]。
16.【答案】C 【解析】此题考察词意辨析。
首先分析该句，可知空白处添加上一动词可构成一定语从句，限定“the law”。
其次，文中语境表达“当法律处理社会政策决策问题时，。
的法律不可避免的具有政治性。
四个选项中，[C]为最佳答案。
17.【答案】A 解析】此题考察词意辨析。
可由文中语境得知，该半句主要表达“这也就解释了为何背离思想路线的决策被看作是不公正的，从而被轻易的….”。
结合语境，以及四个选项的意思，可知[A]最佳。
18.【答案】C 【解析】此题考察词意辨析。
由文中语境可知该句主要表达“法官必须。
有关法庭(裁决的)公正合理的质疑。
”四个选项中，仅[C]符合题意。
19.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察短语搭配及相似短语辨析。
四个选项均可与连用，其中accessible to 易接近的;可归属的;可得到的可归因的amiable to可亲，多指人和蔼可亲，易于接近 agreeable to欣然同意的;适合的，适宜的accountable to对…负责此题的理解需承接整个句, 首先此空所在后半句乃一方式状语，承接前半句说明法官怎样来解决有关法庭(裁决的)公正合理的质疑。
将此四个选项分别代入，可得出正确答案[D]，法官只有对对行为准则负责，也即是遵循一定的行为准则才可确保其裁决的公正与合理。
20.【答案】D 【解析】此题考察逻辑搭配。