上海市市北中学2020届高三下学期4月月考英语试题含答案

2019-2020上海市北理科高三下英语4月月考试卷I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Be Nice -You Won't Finish LastDuring the rosy years of elementary school , I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then __21__ (come) my teens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among __22__ I soon found myself.Popularity is a well __23__ (explore) subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular __24__ two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, __25__ (employ) ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “__26__ (likely) to engage in dangerous and risky beha vior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, __27__ (score) the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so hadthose who were high in status. It clearly showed that __28__ likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the oppos ite effect on us.”In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion __29__ not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “__30__ (like) creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Ultimate TripThough we have sent unmanned spacecraft to Mars and other parts of our solar system for dec ades, humans haven’t ventured more than 650 kilometers from Earth since 1973. However, there is increasing interest in sending new missions ----both robotic and manned ----into space. But unlike in the past, this renewed interest is not __31__ being driven by government agencies. Instead, __32__ companies are leading today’s new age of space exploration.For example, SpaceX, a private company, sent an unmanned rocket to the International Space Station (ISS )in early 2012. Until now, astronauts and supplies from the U. S. have been __33__ by space shuttle to the ISS. SpaceX and other companies are __34__ to replace the U. S. government shuttle and become the ISS’s supply ship.Another company called Planetary Resources ----which is __35__ by billionaires from Google ----plans to use robotic spacecraft to mine asteroids forprecious metals. Robots will have to travel millions of kilometers to locate and mine asteroids, which requires technology that doesn’t exist yet. This isn’t stopping companies like Planetary Resources and others from trying,though. They are __36__ millions into research, hoping to create tools that will make space mining possible. “This is the beginning of the new space age, "says Mason Peck, the U. S. space organization. "The energy we see now- the economic motivation to go into space -we haven’t seen that before.”For centuries, economics has driven __37__. A thousand years ago, merchants risked the dangers of the Silk Road to reach the markets of China. In the 15th century, European ships traveled to new worlds, searching less for knowledge than for gold and spices. "__38__, the driver has always been the search for resource,” explains investor Peter Diamandis. If you want people to explore space, he says, create an economic motivation.Elon Musk, the founder of SpaceX. is spending a large part of his fortune on his own space program. It will be __39__ of carrying twice the cargo of the U. S. government's space shuttle for about one-fifth the price. “Creating __40__ rockets will be extremely difficult, and most people think it's impossible, but I do not, "Musk says."If we threw away airplanes after every flight, no one would fly.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The human brain, that extraordinary computer, is divided into two parts. Each is __41__ different skill sets. The left brain is popularly __42__ with logic and analytic thought; the right, the creativity.But many of the good jobs of the future, according to some employment experts, will __43__ being good at using both sides of the brain.A labor-market analytics company analyzed millions of job postings to better understand the __44__ employers are seeking. What they discovered was that many employers want workers with experience in such new __45__ as big-data gathering and analytics, or design using digital technology. Such roles often require not only __46__ with advanced computer programs but also creative minds to make use of all the data.Burning Glass __47__ the term "hybrid jobs "to describe these kinds of positions, which require skills not __48__ found together. People who fail to update their skills will __49__ for fewer jobs. In 2013, Burning Glass found, one in 20 ads for design, media and writing jobs requested analysis __50__ . By 2018, the proportion had __51__ to one in 59. People in hybrid jobs are also less likely to become professionally __52__.Hybrid Jobs are __53__ not entry-level roles, so they are available mainly to workers who have some years of experience and, crucially __54__ training beyond college or an associate degree. That means workers, employers and educational organizations will have to figure out how to more systematically prepare individuals for these __55__.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If you have an allergy to some food, even a very tiny bit of food can make you sick. Lots of kids have food allergies -- about three million in the United States alone.The foods that cause the most food allergies include peanuts and other nuts; seafood, such as shrimp; milk, particularly cow's milk; eggs; wheat.What Is a Food Allergy?Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Usually, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it's really dangerous to you.What's a Reaction Like?In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause a sudden, severe allergic reaction, in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and others. A person's blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.What Will the Doctor Do?If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactionsand how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergyrelated conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving you trouble.56.According to the passage, you will have a food allergy when your immune system ________.A. recognizes tiny organisms in a certain foodB. mistakenly makes antibodies to help fight off something in a certain foodC. prevents something harmful in the food from entering your digestive systemD. releases chemicals to remove harmful things in a certain food57.Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of a severe allergic reaction?A. Taking medicine as soon as an allergic reaction appears.B. Avoiding eating any food when going outside.C. Always carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms.D. Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.58.What will an allergist do to check your food allergy out?A.Ask you about past reactions and other allergy-related conditions.B. Give you a test to see whether you have breathing difficulty or not.C. Enquire about your present feeling towards the food.D. Give you a shot in the arm to see how soon your body will react to a certain food.(B)We hear "Have a nice day! "every day and everywhere. It may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says "Have a niceday" with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well."Have a nice day. Next! " This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl in the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out of the door. The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management's attempt to increase business.The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don’t know what to say. " Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says "Have a nice day" to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you.Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.59. How does the writer understand Maxie’s words?A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the writer.B. Maxie really wishes the writer a good day.C. Maxie encourages the writer to stay happy.D. Maxie really worries about the writer’s security.60. What does the sentence “The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure”in Paragraph 2 imply?A. The salesgirl is getting bored.B The salesgirl behaves rudely to me.C. The salesgirl cares about me.D. The salesgirl says the words as a routine.61. By saying "Have a nice day", the stranger may ____.A. try to be good to youB. express respect to youC. give his blessing to youD. share his pleasure with you62. According to the passage, people say "Have a nice day” ____.A. as a heart-warming greeting to someoneB. as a generally accepted behavior in the societyC. as a polite ending of a conversationD. as an expression of gratitude to someone(C)A new commodity brings about a highly profitable,fast-growing industry,urging antitrust（反垄断）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow.A century ago,the resource in question was oil.Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants that deal in data,the oil of the digital age.The most valuable firms are Google,Amazon,Facebook and Microsoft.All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.But size alone is not a crime,The giants'success has benefited consumers.Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery,Far from charging consumers high prices,many of these services are free （users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data）.And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves,too.But there is cause for concern.The internet has made data abundant,all-present and far more valuable,changing the nature of data andcompetition.Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better.But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services:translation and visual recognition,to be sold to other companies.Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power.So they have a"God's eye view"of activities in their own markets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful.Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time,one of them would become great again.A rethink is required-and as a new approach starts to become apparent,two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century.When considering a merger,for example,they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in.They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets when assessing the impact of deals.The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat.When this takes place,especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of,the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.c-o/mpanies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from ernments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data,with users' permission.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy.But if governments don't want a data economy controlled by a few giants,they must act soon.63.Why is there a call to break up giants？A.They have controlled the data market.B.They collect enormous private data.C.They no longer provide free services.D.They dismissed some new-born giants.64.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate？A.Data giants' technology is of great service to the modern society.B.Data giants’ technology represents an enormous threats to users and consumers.C.Data can strengthen giants' controlling position.D.Selling data is quite profitable for data firms.65.By paying attention to firms' data assets,antitrust regulators can ____.A.kill a new threatB.avoid the size trapC.favour bigger firmsD.charge higher prices66.What is the purpose of loosening the giants' control of data？A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure.ernments could relieve their financial pressure.C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.D.Small companies could get more opportunities.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. __67__ Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators.__68__ But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.__69__ We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. __70__ This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Reading the Signs71 Most experts agree that it only takes between 90 seconds and four minutes to decide what we think about someone. And in fact, 80% of the time, we reach a conclusion about someone based on body language, before that person has even opened their mouth! Of course, what you say later will matter, and this is your responsibility. However, you do need to get the body language right straight away or people won’t stay around long enough to find out how fascinating you really are!Many gestures, such as how you say "yes"or"no”, originate from a specific country, but others are universal. For example, all people wrinkle their noses and raise their top lip to show dislike or criticism. Everyone knows what a smile is, too, and when you're only pretending to smile. This is because muscles around the eyes are linked to the emotional part of your brain, so they only work when you really mean it.There are also signals to tell us whether someone is attracted to us. This preference is shown by enlarged pupils and they will blink more often. Admirers will also mirror your behaviour, often unconsciously. So if you lean forward or take a sip of a drink, you will find that they will do the same. However, there is another gesture we are probably unaware of, but which is used by every culture on Earth and which some experts claim is the most instantly recognisable non-verbal human greeting. When we first see someone we find attractive, our eyebrows rise and fall and if they feel the same, they raise their eyebrows, too. It's not surprising if you have never noticed this, since the whole process only lasts about a fifth of a second!However, don't make judgements about people on just one thing! Look for at least four signals. Sitting with their arms crossed might look as if someone is being defense, but it might really mean they’re feeling cold!V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他的脸似乎蛮熟悉的,但我想不起在哪里见过他。