福利经济学英文复习题.

福利经济学英文复习题答案201411.Regardless of how the initial resource configuration,decentralized competitive market can be achieved by self-interested behavior of individual transactions Walrasian equilibrium,and this equilibrium must be Pareto efficient configuration, consistent with Pareto optimal（）effect.2.Pareto efficient allocation of resources each can be achieved through market mechanisms.（）All people should do is to enable the Government to make some initial amount of redistribution.3.In the case of non-dictatorship（）,there can be no social welfare function that apply to all types of personal preference.4.The greaterthe total national income,social and economic benefits is big;The national income distribution（）is equal,the greater the social and economic benefits.5.Only can be measured by monetary（）part of the social welfareis the economic benefits答案：1.帕累托最优；2.市场机制；3.非独裁；4.收入分配；5.货币的。

1.Welfare that people meet in the physical and spiritual.2.In a free choice system,the various groups of society in constant pursuit of maximizing their own interests in the process,can make the economic resources of the entire community to get the most reasonable configuration.3.If the economy does not have any one person can make their case without making someone else worse off at the same time to get better,then this state is reached the optimal allocation of resources.Efficiency is defined as Pareto efficiency becomes.4.The first theorem is about the pursuit of profit if the companies are each individual to pursue their maximum efficiency,the market will naturally we can achieve a socially optimal allocation of resources5.in a perfectly competitive market conditions,the government have to do is change the initial endowment allocation status between individuals and the rest of everything can be solved by the market.Pareto efficient allocation of resources each can be achieved through market mechanisms.答案：1.福利指人们在物质和精神上的满足。

2.在一个自由选择的体制中，社会的各类人群在不断追求自身利益最大化的过程中，可以使整个社会的经济资源得到最合理的配置。

3.如果经济中没有任何一个人可以在不使他人境况变坏的同时使自己的情况变得更好，那么这种状态就达到了资源配置的最优化。

这样定义的效率被称为帕累托最优效率。

4.第一定理是讲如果企业都追求利润，每个个人都追求自己的效益最大化，市场自然就可以达到一个社会最优的资源配置。

5.在完全竞争的市场条件下，政府所要做的事情是改变个人之间禀赋的初始分配状态，其余的一切都可以由市场来解决。

每一种具有帕累托效率的资源配置都可以通过市场机制实现。

21.As long as the perfectly competitive equilibrium（）is achieved Pareto optimal state is also called the first theorem of welfare economics.2.Decreasing or constant returns to scale refers to with the expansion of production scale（）,product unit cost is constant or increasing.3.The total social surplus is consumer surplus（）and producer surplus.4.The social security system,including:social insurance,social relief,social welfare,special care and placement,corporate supplementary insurance （）,personal savings accumulated.5.Public goods（）means that the consumer has a non-competitive,with exclusive articles on possession.答案：1.均衡，或均衡状态；2.生产规模；3.消费者剩余；4.企业补充保险；5.公共物品。

1.A socially accepted from any initial allocation of state resources and fair view,to achieve Pareto optimal state are required to aid the competitive market mechanisms to achieve this is the second theorem of welfare economic.2.External economic effect refers to the economic activity of economic agents inadvertently cause good or bad effects on the economy welfare of others,but there is no reasonable compensation to others or themselves to be compensated.3.Engel coefficient reflects the percentage of its total personal expenditure on food consumption expenditure.4.Optimal social welfare state is a state in which everyone their original basis, without impairing other people's conditions are not in promoting of standards.5.Okun's leaky bucket principle:Okun believes that the Government's way to use if the tax transfer part of their income from the rich to the poor,the poor actually received,lost fewer than the rich,the rich will be part of the income transfers to the poor,help to promote of equality,but it will bring loss of efficiency,therefore, equality and efficiency in reality often contradictory.答案：1.从任何一个社会公认的公平的资源初始分配状态出发，要达到帕累托最优状态都须借助竞争性市场机制实现这就是福利经济学第二定理。

2.外部经济效应是指经济当事人的经济活动无意间对别人的经济福利状况造成好或坏的影响，而又没有给别人以合理的补偿或自己得到补偿。

3.恩格尔系数反应了个人食品支出占其全部消费支出的百分比。

4.社会福利状态最优是以每个人各自的状态在原有的基础上，在不损害别人的条件下都不能在增进为标准的。

5.奥肯漏桶原理：奥肯认为，政府如果用税收的办法，从富人那里转移一部分收入给穷人，穷人实际得到的，比富人失去的要少，将富人的一部分收入转移给穷人，有利于促进平等，但却会带来效率的损失，因此，平等和效率在现实中往往是矛盾的。

31.An allocation()is Pareto efficient if the only way to make one person better off is to make another person worse off.2.A Pareto improvement()is a reallocation of resources that makes one person better off without making anyone else worse off.3.The branch of economic theory concerned with the social desirability() of alternative economic states.4.The Coase Theorem states that once property rights()are established and transaction costs are small,then one of the parties will bribe the other to attain the socially efficient quantity.5.The impact of expenditure()policy on the distribution of real income.答案：1.一项分配；2.帕累托改进；3.社会期望；4.产权；5.支出。