翻译常见问题

(一) 常见问题

1. 句型辨认不清

例：Not only _______________(他学习成绩好)，but he does a good job in the community work.

误he studies well.

正does he study well.

析not only… but (also) 句型中not only 置于句首是个典型的部分倒装句，需把助动词提到主语的前面。例：I’ll never forget the countryside ______________ (我在那儿度过了我的童年时光).

误I spent my childhood there.

正where / in which I spent my childhood.

析这是一个定语从句。“the countryside”在后面的从句中作地点状语，故而选用where或in which作关系副词连接定语从句。

2. 语法使用混乱

(1) 时态、语态混淆使用

例：Since three years ago, ____________________ (我就一直在纽约工作).

误I worked in New York.

正I have been working in New York.

析由since 引导的时间状语，主句用完成时或者完成进行时。

例：The enemy retreated in a hurry, _____________ (丢下许多武器).

误with many weapons leaving behind

正leaving behind many weapons / with many weapons left behind / and many weapons were left behind

析本题需区分“敌人”，“武器”及“丢下”之间的关系。“敌人”与“丢下”是主动关系，而“丢下”与“武器”是动宾关系，宾语提前则需用被动。(2) 主谓不一致

例：She is the only one of the students ______________ (受过表彰的)

误who have been awarded

正who has been awarded

析本句的意思是: 她是那些学生当中唯一受过表彰的人。填入的定语从句修饰的先行词应是“the only one”, 而不是“the students”, 因此定语从句的谓语应使用单数形式。很多学生误以为先行词是“the students”，所以错用了“have”。

(3) 虚拟语气混用

例：______________________(如果采用急救措施)，the child would have survived.

误If he was / were given the first aid

正If he had been given the first aid

析本句是对过去的虚拟，主句应该使用if sb. had done sth.。

例：It is high time that _________________________ ( 我们下定决心).

误we have made / will make our determination

正we made our determination

析本句是固定的虚拟语气句型：It is (high) time that + 主语+ 谓语(过去式) / should。

(4) 非谓语动词使用不当

例：I am sorry for _______________(让您久等).

误have kept you to wait for so long a time

正having kept you waiting for so long a time

析首先，for 作为介词，后面需跟名词或动名词；其次，keep 后应跟现在分词而不是不定式。

例：I went to the repair shop to _________________ (把我的表给修了).

误have my watch to be repaired / have my watch

repair

正have my watch repaired

析have sth. done意为“让某事被做”，使用过去分词。另外，还有have sb. do / doing sth.的用法，表示“让某人（一直）做某事”。

3. 选词用字不当

(1) 固定搭配使用不当

例：I will appreciate it _____ (如果你能帮我一个忙). 误if you can make me a favor

正if you can do me a favor

析do sb. a favor 是固定词组。

例：It was said that _________________________ (他因谋杀而受到起诉).

误he was accused with murder / he was charged of murder

正he was accused of murder / he was charged with murder

析be accused of / be charged with 是固定词组，不可混用。

(2) 词性混用

例：_____________________ (我把成功归因于) my

painstaking efforts.

误I owe my succeed to

正I owe my success to

析succeed 是动词，success 是名词，此句显然应用名词形式。

例：You should always remember ____________________ (诚实是最好的策略).

误honest is the best policy

正honesty is the best policy

析考生常把honest, honesty 搞混淆，弄不清两者的词性，honest为形容词，honesty为名词。

(3) 同义词、近形词混用

例：We were shocked at the news that ________________________ (她在交通事故中受了伤).

误she had been wounded in the traffic accident

正she had been injured in the traffic accident

析在交通事故中受到的伤害我们通常用injure，而wound通常指在战争、打斗中受到的刀伤或枪伤。例：____________________ (你考虑周到) to have arranged everything for me.

误It’s considerable of you