风景园林景观设计专业英语.doc
(完整版)风景园林专业英语词汇
园林景观专业英语词汇规划planning草图sketch； rough map平面plan剖面section立面elevation透视perspective表示图diagram容积率coverage城市设计urban design; civic design地区规划regional planning步行轴ped axis整体规划general planning; master planning分区规划district planning近期建设规划immediate plan城市详尽规划detailed planning控制性详尽规划control detailed planning修筑性详尽规划site plan居住区规划residential district planning城市化urbanization城市生态urban ecology可连续发展sustainable development历史文假名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment开发区development area城市化水平urbanization level城市群agglomeration城镇系统urban system卫星城satellite town城市基础设备urban infrastructure居民点settlement市municipality; city生态基础设备ecological infrastructure牧场pasture市域administrative region of a city商业区commercial district行政中心administration center商业街commercial street科技园technological region校园规划campus planning城市中心区urban center district居住单元flat历史地段history district民政地区civil district水警区居住区规划护林区工业区林木种子公园迅速公路城市美学游憩空间系统工程城市更新理论waters guard district residential district planning ranger districtindustrial districttree seed orchard thruwayurban esthetics esplanadesystems engineering urban renewal theory绿地 / 绿化带绿化覆盖率绿地率工厂绿化广场绿化居住区绿化谷底植栽场公共建筑绿化室内绿化城市绿化城市绿化系统公共绿地专用绿地防备绿地greenbeltpercentage of greenery coverageratio of green spacelandscaping within factorylandscaping of squarelandscaping of residential areaimproved vegetation & wild lifelandscaping around public buildingindoor gardenurban virescenceurban green space systempublic green spacespecified green spacegreen buffer建筑空间剧院茶馆（馆）专卖店博物馆电影院商场体育馆青少年宫图书室棋牌室健身房书店客堂露台浴室architectureshow place; theatercaff ； tea shopmonopolistic shopmuseumcinema ； movie houseemporium; shopping mallpalaestracallan house; children ’s palacelibraryrelaxation roomgymnasiumbook storeparlorbalconybathroom橱柜合院式建筑餐厅进口厨房屋顶小孩房小孩游玩室起居室门廊换衣室歇息室私人花园居民共享地带工人房比率元素会议中心/ 玩具室cabinetcourtyard buildingdining-room; dining hallentrancekitchenroofkid roomdollhouseliving roomporchchange roompavilionprivate gardenresidentshared zoneservants hallscaleelementconference center园林景观view of the garden乔木灌木铺石地下车库曲线形铺地庭园标记牌庭院瀑布步道园桥园林草本植物藤本植物蔓本植物砌石铺地亭，阁榭植被花坛大广场arborshrubband stonecar park bellowcurved paving bands cartilage; Garth(sign) courtyard identification sign courtyardfallfootpathgarden bridgegarden and parkherbagelianeliananatural cut stonepavepavilionpavilion on terraceplantingplanting bedsplaza台platform栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature林荫树shade trees楼storied building小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪turf ； grass园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地域waterfront茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula常用的景观英文1.主进口大门/ 岗亭 (车行& 人行 ) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )2.次进口/ 岗亭(车行&人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )3.商业中心进口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.4.水景 WATER FEATURE5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE6.迎宾景观 -1 WELCOMING FEATURE-17.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING)8.竹园 BAMBOO GARDEN9.闲步广场WALKWAY PLAZA10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE11.巨大迎宾水景 -2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-212.木桥 TIMBER BRIDGE13.石景、水瀑、洞窟、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE14.吊桥 HANGING BRIDGE15.休憩台地 (低处 ) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER )16.休憩台地 (高处 ) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER )17.特点踏步 FEATURE STEPPING STONE18.野趣小溪 RIVER WILD19.小孩乐园 CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND20.旱冰道 SLIDE21.羽毛球场 BADMINTON COURT22.旱景 DRY LANDSCAPE23.日艺园 JAPANESE GARDEN24.旱喷泉 DRY FOUNTAIN25.观景台 VIEWING DECK26.游泳池 SWIMMING POOL27.极可意 JACUZZI28.嬉水池 WADING POOL29.小孩泳池 CHILDREN'S POOL30.曲折水墙WINDING WALL31.石景雕塑 ROCK SCULPTURE32.中心广场 CENTRAL PLAZA33.健身广场 EXERCISE PLAZA34.桥 BRIDGE35.沟通广场MEDITATING PLAZA36.兴趣树阵 TREE BATTLE FORMATION37.泊车场 PARING AREA38.特点花架 TRELLIS39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL40.(高尔夫 )轻击区 PUTTING GREEN41.高尔夫球会所GOLF CLUBHOUSE42.每栋建筑进口ENTRANCE PAVING TO UNIT43.篮球场 BASKETBALL COURT44.网球场 TENNIS COURT45.阶梯 ***/ 栽种槽 TERRACING SEATWALL/PLANTER46.广场 MAIN PLAZA47.丛林、瀑布FOREST GARDEN WATERFALL48.石景园 ROCKERY GARDEN49.旱溪 DRY STREAM50.凉亭 PAVILION51.户外淋浴 OUTDOOR SHOWER52.拉膜构造TENSILE STRUCTURE53.台阶 STAIR54.高尔夫球车泊车场PARKING ( GOLF CAR )55.健身站 EXERCISE STATION56.晨跑小道 JOGGING FOOTPATH57.车道 / 人行道 DRIVEWAY /SIDEWALK58.人行闲步道PROMENADE59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(进口广场 ) WATER FALL AND DANCING FOUNTAIN ( ENTRY PLAZA )60.特点进口ENTRY FEATURE 61石.景广场ROCKERY PLAZA常用造价英语词汇估量 / 花费估量： estimate/cost estimate;估量种类： types of estimate;详尽估量：是误差幅度最小的估量，defined estimate;设备估量： equipment estimate;剖析估量： analysis estimate;报价估量： roposal estimate;控制估量： control estimate;早期控制估量：interim control estimate/initial control estimate赞同的控制估量：initial approved cost审定估量： check estimate初次审定估量：first check estimate二次审定估量：production check estimate人工时估量： man hour estimate资料花费 / 直接资料花费：material cost/direct material cost设备花费 / 设备购置花费：equipment cost/purchased cost of equipment散装资料花费 / 散装资料购置花费：bulk material cost/purchased cost of bulk material施工花费： construction cost施工人工花费：labor cost/construction force cost设备安装人工花费：labor cost associated with equipment散装资料施工安装人工花费：labor cost associated with bulk materials人工时估量定额：standard manhours施工人工时估量定额：standard labor manhours标准工时定额：standard hours劳动生产率： labor productivity/productivity factor/productivity ratio修正的人工时估量值：adjusted manhours人工时单价： manhours rate施工监察花费：cost of construction supervision施工间接花费：cost of contruction indirects分包合同花费 / 现场施工分包合同花费：subcontract cost/field subcontract cost企业本部花费：home office cost企业管理花费：overhead非薪资花费： non payroll开车服务花费：cost of start-up services其余花费： other cost收益 / 预期收益： profit/expected profit服务酬劳： service gains风险： risk风险剖析： risk analysis风险备忘录： risk memorandum未可预示费： contingency基本未可预示费：average contingency最狂风险未可预示费：maximum risk contingency用户更改 / 合同更改： cilent change/contract change认同的用户更改：approved client change待定的用户更改：pending client change项目更改： project change内部更改： internalchange赞同的更改： authoried change强迫性更改： mandatory change选择性更改： optional change内部花费变换：internal transfer认同的估计花费：anticipated approved cost涨价值： escalation项目花费汇总报告：project cost summary report项目实行花费状态报告：project operation cost status report 总价合同： lump sum contract偿付合同： reimbursible contract估量： budget02.1 总论园林学 landscape architecture, garden architecture造园学 garden making, landscape gardening环境园艺学 environmental horticulture赏析园艺学 ornamental horticulture园林艺术 garden art园林美学 garden aesthetics园林建筑学 garden architecture园林建筑 garden building园林工程 garden engineering园林植物 landscape plant赏析植物 ornamental plant盆景 miniature landscape, penjing园林 garden and park园林学史 history of garden architecture园林规划 garden planning, landscaping planning园林设计 garden design园林机具设备 gardening machine园林管理 garden management园林生态 landscape ecology绿化 greening, planting环境绿化 environmental greening绿地面积 green area绿地率 ratio of green space城市绿化覆盖率 urban green coverage工厂绿化 factory greening, factory garden-ing街道绿化 street greening, street planting车行道绿化 driveway greening分车带绿化 dividing stripe greening人行道绿化 sidewalk greening民众绿化 mass planting movement郊区绿化 suburban greening公路绿化 highway greening铁路绿化 railway greening, railway planting堤岸栽种 bank planting露台绿化 balcony greening窗台绿化 window-sill greening屋顶绿化 roof greening垂直绿化 vertical greening攀登绿化 climber greening桥头绿化 bridgehead greening花园 garden专类花园 specified flower garden花园村 garden village园林城市 landscape garden city蔷薇园 rose garden松柏园 conifer garden球根园 bulb garden宿根园 perennial garden假山园 rock garden, Chinese rockery打猎场 hunting ground街心花园 street crossing center garden小游园 petty street garden水景园 water garden铺地园 paved garden野趣园 wild plants botanical garden野生植物园 wild plants garden乡趣园 rustic garden盆景园 penjing garden, miniature landscape动物园 zoo, zoological garden墓园 cemetery garden2.0061 沼泽园 bog and marsh garden2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden学校园 school garden室内花园 indoor garden芬芳花园 fragrant garden盲人花园 garden for the blind公园 park, public park城市公园 city park, urban park区公园 regional park小孩公园 children park体育公园 sports park丛林公园 forest park纪念公园 memorial park烈士纪念公园 martyr memorial park综合公园 comprehensive park文化公园 cultural park文化休憩公园 cultural and recreation park中央公园 central park天然公园 natural park海滨公园 seaside park, seabeach park遗迹公园 historic site park河畔公园 riverside park湖滨公园 lakeside park路边公园 roadside park, street park娱乐公园 amusement park雕塑公园 sculpture park休憩公园 recreation park休养公园 sanatorium park国家公园 national park邻居公园 neighborhood park特种公园 special park植物园 botanical garden植物公园 abeled plants park高峰植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园 medical plants garden, herb garden 绿地 green space公共绿地 public green space单位绿地 unit green area城市绿地 urban green space街道广场绿地 street and square green area居住区绿地 residential quarter green area防备绿地 green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地 suburban green space邻居绿地 residential block green belt隶属绿地 attached green space生产绿地 productive plantation area苗圃 nursery景色 landscape, scenery自然景观 natural landscape人文景观 human landscape, scenery of humanities 草原景观 prairie landscape山岳景观 mountain landscape, alpine landscape 地理景观 geographical landscape湖泊景观 lake view郊区景观 suburban landscape地质景观 geological landscape喀斯特景观 karst landscape植物景观 plants landscape, flora landscape中国园林史中国古典园林 classical Chinese garden中国传统园林 traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林 ancient Chinese garden中国山川园 Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden皇家园林 royal garden私人园林 private garden江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta西方园林史西方古典园林 western classical garden英国式园林 English style garden中英混淆式园林 Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林 Italian style garden西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden法兰西式园林 French style garden勒诺特尔式园林 Le Notre’ s style garden文艺中兴庄园 Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden庄园 manor, villa garden廊柱园 peristyle garden, patio绿廊 xystus迷阵 maze, labyrinth典型中西园林灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden阿房宫 E-Pang Palace上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace华好官 Hua-Qing Palace艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden悬园 Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden02.3 园林艺术景 view, scenery, feature远景 distant view近景 nearby view障景 obstructive scenery, blocking view借景 borrowed scenery, view borrowing对景 opposite scenery, view in opposite place缩景 miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景 leaking through scenery框景 enframed scenery尾景 terminal feature主景 main feature副景 secondary feature背景 objective view夹景 vista line, vista远景 front view背景 background景序 order of sceneries景点 feature spot, view spot仰望景观 upward landscape俯视景观 downward landscape季相景观 seasonal phenomena气象景观 meteorological diversity scenery视线 visual field秋景 fall color, autumn color园林空间 garden space开敞空间 wide open space, wide space关闭空间 enclosure space境界 artistic conception, poetic imagery苍古 antiquity空灵 spaciousness, airiness动观 in-motion viewing静观 in-position viewing视错觉 visual illusion园林艺术布局 artistic layout of garden对称均衡 symmetrical balance不对称均衡 asymmetrical balance左右对称 bilateral symmetry辐射对称 radial symmetry透景线 perspective line轴线 axis, axial line主轴 main axis 2.0200 副轴 auxiliary axis暗轴 hidden axis, invisible axis树冠线 skyline园林色彩艺术 art of garden colors单色谐调 monochromatic harmony复色谐调 compound chromatic harmony对照色突出 contrast colors accent近似色谐调 approximate colors harmony暖色 warm color冷色 cool color色感 color sense城市绿地系统规划 urban green space system planning 绿地系统 green space system公共绿地定额 public green space quota公共绿地指标 public green space norm绿地布局 green space layout吸引圈 attractive circle吸引距离 attractive distance有效半径 effective radius绿地资源 green space resource绿地成效 green space effect绿地规划程序 planning procedure of the green space 空间规划 space planning形象规划 image plan实行规划 implementary plan必需生活空间 necessary living space空暇生活空间 leisure time living space利用频度 usage frequency树种规划 planning of trees and shrubs绿地种类 type of green space环状绿型 annular green space块状绿地 green plot点状绿地 green spot放射状绿地 radiate green space楔状绿地 wedge-shaped green space缓冲绿地 buffer green space防音绿地 noise proof green space科学景观论 scientific landscape theory园林保存地 reserve garden公园规划 park planning园林整体规划 garden master planning总平面规划 site planning园林分区 garden zoning寂静歇息区 tranquil rest area小孩活动区 children playing space小孩游戏场 children playground, playlot体育运动区 sports activities area野餐区 picnic place漫步区 pedestrian space民众集合区 mass meeting square赏析植物区 ornamental plants area赏析温室区 display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 草坪区 lawn space绿荫区 shade tree section历史遗迹区 historical relics area青少年活动区 youngsters activities area诱鸟区 bird sanctuary area垂钓区 fishing center野营区 camp site游人中心 visitors center服务中心 service center探险游玩场 adventure ground文化活动区 cultural activities area道路系统 approach system, road system环形道路系统 circular road system方格形道路系统latticed road system放射形道路系统radiate road system自然式道路系统informal road system规整式道路系统formal road system混淆式道路系统 mixed style road system园林规划图 garden planning map园林规划说明书garden planning direction城市公园系统 urban park system公园散布 distribution of parks公园种类 park type, park category公园间距 distance between parks公园形式 park styles旅行区 excursion area, open-to-public area非旅行区 no-admittance area办公区 administrative area服务区 service center动歇息区 dynamic rest space静歇息区 static rest space娱乐演出区 entertaining performance place主要进口 main entrance次要进口 secondary entrance人流量 visitors flowrate车流量 vehicle flowrate公园道路 park road公园水陆面积比率 land-water ratio游人容纳量 visitors capacity景色资源检查 landscape resource evaluation景色学 scenicology景色规划 landscape plan景色设计 landscape design旅行路线 touring route旅行资源 tourism resource旅行地理 tourism geography旅行地质 tourism geology历史名城 famous historical city文假名城 famous cultural city文化旧址 ancient cultural relic天然博物馆 natural open museum景色地貌 natural geomorphology造型地貌 imaginative geomorphologic figuration 景色区 scenic spot, scenic area景色名胜 famous scenery, famous scenic site特奇观观景色区 specific natural scenes area民族民俗景色区 scenic spot of minority customs 高峰景色区 alpine scenic spot海滨景色区 seabeach scenic spot丛林景色区 forest scenic spot高峰草甸景色区 alpine tundra landscape spot 峡谷景色区 valley scenic spot江河景色区 river landscape district湖泊景色区 lake round scenic spot温泉景色区 hot spring scenic spot瀑布景色区 waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区 region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting封山育林区 region closed for afforestation天池景色区 crater lake scenic spot自然保护区 nature protection area科学保护区 protection area for scientific research天然纪念物 natural monument生物圈保护区 biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计园林设计师 landscape architect, garden designer园址丈量图 garden site survey map地形图 topographic map, contour map栽种设计 planting design地形改造设计 topographical reform design栽种大样图 detail planting design造价剖析 cost analysis园林形式 garden style规整式园林 formal garden style非规整园林 informal garden style几何式园林 geometric garden style自然式园林 natural garden style混淆式园林 mixed garden style近代巴洛克式园林 modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林 R.B. Marx abstract garden园林区划 garden area division园林分区规划 garden block planning庭院花园 courtyard garden前庭 front yard, forecourt后庭 back yard, rear yard中庭 patio厨园 kitchen yard沉 [ 床]园 sunken garden窗园 window garden墙园 wall garden宅园 home garden台地园 terrace garden冬园 winter garden切花园 cut flower garden屋顶花园 roof garden后花园 back yard garden园林地形改造 topographical reform of garden土山 earth piled hill, artificial mound假山 rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石 Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone黄石 yellowish brown stone人造假山石 artificial stone, man-made stone 孤赏石 monolith, standing stone掇山 piled stone hill, hill making叠石 stones laying板石 flag stone散点石 scattered stone抱角石 corner stone屋基石 foundation stone排衙石 guard stone屏石 screen stone石岸 rock bank石阶 stone steps汀步 stepping stone on water surface附壁石 stone appended to wall石花台 stone flower bed石凳 stone bench假山石挡土墙 rock retaining wall干砌石 dry stone wall假山石楼梯 rock stairway石亭 stone pavilion石洞 stone cavern石窟 grotto置石 stone arrangement, stone layout拱石 arch stone拱顶石 key stone园林水景 water scenes of garden水体 water body水面 water surface水池 pool水塘 pond喷泉 fountain喷水池 fountain pool渡水池 wading pool倒影池 mirror pool, reflecting pool睡莲池 water-lily pool喷水管部署 piping schema垂钓塘 fishing pond高水位池塘 high water table pond池边坐人矮墙 seat wall surrounded pool隐头喷泉 secret fountain岛园 island garden半岛园 peninsula garden小岛 isle瀑布 waterfall小瀑布 cascade湖 lake矶 rock projecting over water水帘洞 water curtain cave园桥 garden bridge拱桥 arch bridge石板桥 stone slab bridge木板桥 plank bridge圆木桥 log bridge亭桥 pavilion bridge曲桥 zigzag bridge壁泉 wall fountain饮水喷头 drinking fountain植物配植 plant arrangement树木配植 arrangement of trees and shrubs 群植 group planting, mass planting孤植 specimen planting, isolated planting 丛植 clump planting组植 group planting林植 forest planting列植 linear planting对植 opposite planting, coupled planting环植 circular planting带植 belt planting散植 scattered planting, loose planting边沿栽种 edge planting界限栽种 boundary planting整形栽种 architectural planting基础栽种 foundation planting角隅栽种 corner planting景框栽种 planting as enframent门卫栽种 guard planting篱恒栽种 fence planting障景栽种 screen planting背景栽种 background planting林下栽种 underwood planting路边栽种 roadside planting绿篱 hedge树墙 espalier庭荫树 shade tree园景树 specimen tree景色林 amenity forest, ornamental forest行道树 avenue tree, street tree纪念林 memorial forest整型树 topiary tree花篱 flower hedge ’刺篱 thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱 evergreen hedge落叶绿篱 deciduous hedge高篱 high hedge沟中边篱 hah-hah fence图案矮篱 pattern dwarf hedge迷宫绿篱 labyrinth hedge整剪绿篱 clipped hedge自然式花篱 natural flowering hedge边篱 boundary fence园篱 garden fence, garden hedge纯林 pure forest混交林 mixed forest林空隙地 open space in woodland杂木林 spinney树冠覆盖面 tree canopy草坪 lawn整形草坪 formal lawn开花草坪 flowering lawn牧场草坪 meadowy land花坛 flower bed路边花坛 roadside flower bed带状花坛 ribbon flower bed时钟花坛 flower clock盆种花坛 potted flower bed, basined flower bed 高设花台 raised flower bed毛毡花坛 carpet bed镶嵌花坛 mosaic bed铺石花坛 paved bed灌木花坛 shrub bed图案花坛群 parterre草药花坛 herbaceous flower bed花结花坛 knot bed整形花坛 formal flower bed花境 flower border花桶 flower tub植树箱 planting box活动花坛 movable flower bed瓶饰 garden vase灌木花境 shrub border混淆花境 mixed border园林道路设计 garden road design, garden path design闲步路 trail, footway小径 alley, path川草坪岛 lawn island安全岛 traffic island, refuge island转曲折度 turning curvature转弯半径 turning radius踏面 landing pitch步石 stepping stone渡水踏步 wading step错铺路 crazy paving path任意组合方石板路 flag stone path paved at random花纹路 pattern path林荫路 mall林荫大道 boulevard花园路 parkway林间小道 path in woodland栽种池 planting bed树池保护格栅 tree grate树干保护套栏 tree guard树池坐凳矮墙 seatwall-surrounded planting路面线纹 score line传统园林建筑 traditional garden building凉亭 summer shelter活树亭 arbor, tent arbor蘑菇亭 mushroom pavilion茅亭 thatched pavilion竹亭 bamboo pavilion茶亭 tea booth, tea kiosk回廊 cloister水廊 corridor on water曲廊 zigzag veranda扒山廊 sloping gallery楼廊 two-storied gallery画舫 painted pleasure boat石舫 stone boat不击舟 immovable pleasure boat诗条石 poem-engraved stone slab月洞门 moon gate2.0531 扶手栏杆handrail2.0532 坐凳栏杆seat rail石碑 stone tablet, stele园林露天剧场 open garden theater园林露天舞池 open garden dancing place露天音乐台 outdoor music stand瞭望台 prospect deck生殖温室 plant propagation greenhouse展览温室 public conservatory月池 new-moon pool园林小品 small garden ornaments磁砖壁画 painted tile mural tablet园椅 garden chair, garden seat园凳 garden bench园桌 garden table园灯 garden lamp日规 sundial鸟浴 bird bath鸟舍 bird cottage, nestle box鸟笼 bird cage, bird coop悬篮 hanging basket野鸟喂食器 bird feeder额匾 horizontal inscribed board楹联 couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar引露天烤炉 open barbecue树棚 living-tree pergola花架 pergola花格架 trellis, treillage点景牌楼 naming pailou, decorated archway园林施工 garden layout, garden construction栽种工程 planting engineering大树移植 big tree transplanting裸根移植 bare root transplanting土球移植 ball transplanting沟植 trench planting假植 heeling in, temporary planting播种草坪 seeding lawn铺草皮块草坪 sodding lawn假山工程 rockery engineering掇山五法 five methods" of rock piling平分均衡法 method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced前轻后重法 method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 上轻下重法 method of lowering the center of gravity of rocks纹理一致法 method of unifying the rock veins石料一致法 method of unifying the rock mate-rials赏析树木 ornamental tree and shrub观叶植物 foliage plant观果植物 fruit-effect plant观枝干植物 plants with ornamental trunks and branches 指示植物 indicating plant主景植物 accent plant耐湿植物 damp tolerant plant抗风植物 wind-resistant plant耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plan市花 city flower市树 city tree国花 national flower国树 national tree芬芳植物 fragrant plant抗污染植物pollution resistant plant环保植物 environment protecting plant高峰植物 alpine plant岩生植物 rock plant攀登植物 climbing plant, climber地被植物 ground cover plant阴生植物 shade plant装修植物 decorative plant装缘植物 edging plant绿蓠植物 hedge plant草坪植物 lawn plant, lawn grass花坛植物 bedding plant球根植物 bulbous plant宿根植物 perennial plant, perennial水生植物 aquatic plant, hydrophyte旱生植物 xerophyte沼泽植物 bog plant, swamp plant室内装修植物 indoor decorative plant, house plant切花 cut flower垂枝植物 pendulous plant, weeping plant环绕植物 twiner, twinning plant针叶植物 needle-leaved plant阔叶植物 broad-leaved plant斑叶植物 variegate-leaved plant松柏植物 conifer常绿植物 evergreen plant半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant不耐寒植物tender plant半耐寒植物half-hardy plant耐寒植物 hardy plant耐旱植物 drought enduring plant山石资料 stone material昆山石 Kunshan stone钟乳石 stalactite灵壁石 Lingbi stone英德石 Yingde stone青石 Qing stone宣石 Xuan stone房山石 Fangshan stone赏析动物 ornamental animal赏析鸟类 ornamental bird赏析兽类 ornamental beast赏析昆虫类 ornamental insect02.8 园林机具设备园林机械 garden machine园林工具 garden instrument, garden implement园林设备 garden equipment花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider栽种容器 planting container圆木桩 log peg发射装置 jet bubbler滴灌 trickle irrigator, drip irrigator环动喷灌器circle sprinkler圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler自控器 automatic controller管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler喷雾喷灌器 mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage草坪加肥器lawn feeder施肥喷灌器 combined feeder and sprinkler液肥混淆分配器 liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner滴水喷头 emitter, dripper水土保持塑料网 erosion control plastic net苗木包装资料 nursery stock package material麻布袋 burlap bag铁丝篮 wire basket篮状栽种器basket container塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican播种盘 seed tray网孔盆 mesh pot含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot盆栽机 potting machine换盆机 repotting machine重生纸栽种器reclaimed paper container纤维育苗器 wood fiber plant grower泥炭压制播种饼 peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter松土除草机cultivator旋转锄 rotary hoe切叶机 foliage cutter翻地犁 uncovering plough盖土机 mounted spreader前悬装土机front mounted loader后缀装土机rear mounted loader旋轴剪草机spindle mower栽种机 planting machine植物覆盖 plant mulching覆盖物分别机mulch spreader种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder修枝剪 pruning shear播种器 garden seeder球根栽种器bulb planter土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer巴效剖析器fertilizer analyzer嫁接刀 grafting knife温室设备 greenhouse equipment盆栽注水系统pot watering system温室天气控制器greenhouse climate controller温室覆盖 greenhouse covering喷雾自控系统 automatic mist control system二氧化碳发生器C02 generator温度报警钟temperature alarm旅行车 park sightseeing bus引剪草机 lawn mower动力剪草机power lawnmower畜力剪草机horse lawnmower手推剪草机hand lawnmower游人检查 visitors investigation游人统计 visitors statistics游人剖析 garden visitors analysis游人管理 visitors management导游图 tourist map2.0701 导游讲解tour descri ption and direction2.0702 劳动管理labour management物质管理 material handling, goods handling设备管理 equipment management, facility management财务管理 financial management安全管理 safety management环境监测 environmental monitor植物保养管理 plant maintenance and management园林技术管理garden technical management质量管理 quality management园貌维修 garden feature maintenance植物整形修剪 plant trimming and pruning植物病虫防治 disease and insect control园林管理规划management plan游人建议办理 treatment of visitors opinions游人规则 visitors regulation园内交通管理 traffic control in park园外交通管理 traffic control out of park entrance汽车泊车规则parking rules自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules开放时间 opening time平时洁净卫生管理 daily sanitation and hygiene management 人类生态环境human ecological environment自然系统 natural system自然资源 natural resource自然保护 conservation of nature自然保存 natural preservation环境保护 environmental protection环境容量 environment capacity环境适合性 environment fitness环境空气质量标准 ambient air quality共生 symbiosis互惠共生 mutualism公害 public nuisance生态绝灭 ecological extinction生态系统 ecosystem生态圈 ecosphere生态灾害 ecological disaster环境质量 environmental quality环境压力 environment stress生命保持系统life-support system反应系统 feedback system自养生物 autotroph异养生物 heterotroph食品链 foodchain生物圈 biosphere濒危植物 endangered plant, threatened plant主体群落 major community人工群落 artificial community绿色革命 green revolution户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource原始环境系统wilderness environment system近代环境系统modern environment system农村生活模式country life-pattern烟害 smoke pollution, fume pollution雾害 fog pollution霜害 frost injury水污染 water pollution土壤污染 soil pollution, soil contamination园林小天气garden microclimate环境保护植物environmental conservation plant引天气调理climatic regulation自动调理机能homeostasis生态均衡 ecological homeostasis丛林生态系统forest ecosystem草原生态系统prairie ecosystem滞尘植物 dust holding plant其余：AAccessibility 可达性Accessible route 易达的路线advance notice 预先通知aerial photogrammetry航空拍照丈量aerobic digesters 需氧消化池aesthetic considerations审美方面的考虑brick and concrete block walls砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences木头和金属栅栏aesthetic controls审美控制aggregate base 混淆基础AIA 美国建筑师协会Anaerobic digesters 厌氧分解池APA 美国规划师协会arterial streets骨干道as-built records施工记录ASLA 美国景观建筑师协会athletic facility运动设备average walking distance 均匀步行距离axioms 原理。
风景园林专业英语
一定城市用地范围内，植物的垂直投影面积占该用地总面积的百分比。 绿地率 greening rate，
一定城市用地范围内，各类绿化用地总面积占该城市用地面积的百分比。
城市绿地系统类
绿带 green belt 在城市组团之间、城市周围或相邻城市之间设置的用以控制城市扩展的绿色开敞空 间。 立体绿化
vertical planting
利用除地面资源以外的其他空间资源进行绿化的方式。
制图常用英语
Cover 封面 设计说明 Content 目录 Design Explanation Master Plan 总平面
Space Sequence[ ˈsēkwəns]Analysis
Vertical Plan Plan 平面图 中心公共主轴
城市绿地系统类
楔形绿地 Wedge green 从城市外围嵌入城市内部的绿地，因反映在城市总平面图上呈楔形而得名。(ə)rē ] line of urban green space
在城市规划建设中确定的各种城市绿地的边界线。 绿化覆盖率
percentage of greenery coverage
景观空间分析
Function Analysis 功能分析
Traffic Analysis Detailing 交通分析 详图
Landscape nodal analysis 景观景点主题分析图 竖向平面布置图
Cross-sectional view 剖面图
Central Axis
景观专业英语(缩印版)
景观landscape 园林建筑业（术）landscape architecture风景园林师landscape architect 建筑学architecture园艺业（学）landscape gardening 建筑师architect重大思想的设计师the architect of sth。
理论theory改革开放refore and opening—up policy 代表representatives毛泽东思想mao Zedong’s thought 校园campus大一freshman 大二sophomore 大三junior 大四senior景观都市主义Landscape Urbanism 景观基础设施（Landscape as Infrastructure）城镇景观（town-scape ）乡村景观(land-scape)无边界景观(limitless landscape) 生态城市（Ecological City）后现主义风景园Post Modernism Landscape Architecture 现主风景园Modern Landscape Architecture 景观生态landscape ecology 城市景观系统The urban landscape system城市景观的人类主导性The city landscape human sexual城市景观的生态脆弱性The city landscape ecological vulnerability城市景观的破碎性The city landscape fragmentation城市景观结构成分The urban landscape structure composition调整和优化城市用地空间结构Adjustment and optimization of urban spatial structure中国古典园林 Classical Chinese garden中国传统园林 Traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林 Ancient Chinese garden中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑 Imperial palace garden皇家园林 Royal garden私家园林 Private garden江南园林 Garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林 Western classical garden 英国式园林 English style garden中英混合式园林 Anglo-Chinese style garden 意大利式园林 Italian style garden西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden法兰西式园林 French style garden勒诺特尔式园林 Le-Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden庄园 manor,villa garden廊柱园 Peristyle garden,patio绿廊 xystus迷阵 maze,labyrinth灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden 阿房宫 E-Pang Palace上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace华清官 Hua-Qing Palace艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden悬园 Hanging Garde英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden视野 Visual field秋色 Fall color,autumn color园林空间 Garden spac开敞空间 Wide open space,wide space封闭空间 Enclosure space意境 artistic conception,poetic imagery苍古 antiquity空灵 spaciousness,airiness 动观 in-motion viewing静观 in-position viewing 视错觉 Visual illusion园林艺术布局 Artistic layout of garden对称平衡 Symmetrical balance 不对称平衡 Asymmetrical balance左右对称 Bilateral symmetry 辐射对称 Radial symmetry 透景线 Perspective line轴线 axis,axial line 主轴 Main axis副轴 Auxiliary axis 暗轴 Hidden axis,invisible axis 树冠线 skyline 园林色彩艺术 Art of garden colors单色谐调 Monochromatic harmony复色谐调 Compound chromatic harmony 对比色突出 Contrast colors accent近似色谐调 Approximate colors harmony暖色 Warm color 冷色 Cool color色感 Color sense传统园林traditional garden城市园林绿地系统urban gardens and greenbelts system景 view,scenery,feature远景 Distant view近景 Nearby view障景 Obstructive scenery,blocking view借景 Borrowed scenery,view borrowing对景 Opposite scenery,view in opposite place缩景 Miniature scenery,abbreviated scenery漏景 Leaking through scenery框景 Enframed scenery尾景 Terminal feature主景 Main feature副景 Secondary feature配景 Objective view夹景 Vista line,vista前景 Front view背景 background景序 Order of sceneries景点 Feature spot,view spot仰视景观 Upward landscape俯视景观 Downward landscape季相景观 Seasonal phenomena气象景观 Meteorological diversity scenery景观基础设施（Landscape as Infrastructure景观的城市（City As Landscape)景观设计学(landscape architecture) 最低设计minimum design减量(Reduce)十倍数俱乐部”(The Factor Ten Club)[再生系统(Regenerative system再生设计理论(Regenerative Design)[ 再利用(Reuse)再生(Recycle)生态工程(ecological engineering) “土地恋”(Topophilia)[“生物恋”(Biophilia审美生态(aesthetic visual ecology生态显露设计(eco-revelatory design 主园路Main garden road垃圾箱Trash校前区front campus area教学区﹑school districts, , , ,旧建筑改造区old construction area日常运动区daily exercise area宿舍区the dorm生态共享区ecological Shared area,体育运动区sports area生态大学城ecological University city校门前广场school before square,主入口广场main entrance plaza教学区中心广场school districts in central plaza, 景观平台platform landscape湖面the lake自然山体natural mountain座椅系统seat systems入口Entrance纪念性广场：Memorial Square市民性广场：The people of the Plaza 纪念性广场：Memorial Square带型广场：Strip-type square 中心型广场：Centered square 因地制宜：Local conditions 广场：Square尺度：Scale生态：Scale ecological: 软质景观：soft landscape 硬质景观：hard landscape 造景：Landscaping地面铺装：Floor Covering台阶：Step绿化植物：green Plants主题标志物：Subject markers 灯具：Lighting绿化的分类greening classification 行道树roadside trees景观树landscape tree景观小品：landscape pieces (垂直绿化Vertical Greening A--水生植物园aquatic plants娱乐公园amusement park植物公园ahead plants park高山植物园alpine garden附属绿地attached green space 中国古代园林ancient chinese garden 意境artistic conception不对称平衡asymmetrical balance 轴线axis/axial line道路系统approach system办公区administration area文化遗址ancient culture relic 竹园bamboo garden羽毛球场badminton court堤岸种植bank planting 阳台绿化balcony greening桥头绿化bridgehead green沼泽园Bog and marsh 植物园botanical garden巴洛克式园林baroque style garden借景borrowed scenery 缓冲绿地buffer green space 儿童泳池children's pool中心广场center plaza攀援绿化climber greening松柏园conifer garden城市公园city park综合公园comprehensive park文化公园culture park文化休憩公园cultural and recreationpark 中国古典园林classical chinesegarden冷色cool color色感color sense野营区camp site旱景dry landscape旱喷dry fountain旱溪dry stream车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening远景distant view俯视景观downlward landscape落叶绿篱downlward hedge(1)商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr(2)健身广场exercise plaza(3)每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit(4)特色入口entry feature(5)环境园艺学environmental horticulture(6)框景enframed scenery(7)封闭空间enclosure space(8)娱乐演出区entertaining performance place(1)特色踏步feature stepping stone(2)工厂绿化factory garden-ing(3)芳香花园fragrant garden(4)法兰西式园林French style garden(5)前景front view(6)景点feature spot(7)钓鱼区fishing center(8)规整式道路系统formal road system (1)江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta(2)园林空间garden space(3)绿地系统green space system(4)绿地资源green space resource(5)绿地效果green space effect(6)块状绿地green plot(7)点状绿地green spot(8)园林总体规划garden master planning(1)悬园Hanging Garden(2)暗轴hidden axis(3)历史古迹区historical relics area(4)宅园home garden(5)屋基石foundation stone(6)喷泉fountain(7)喷水池fountain pool(8)前庭front yardimage plan 形象规划implemeutary 实施规划indoor garden 室内花园in-motion viewing 动观in-position viewing 静观imperial palace garden 帝王宫苑Italian style garden 意大利式园林garden architeceure 园林建筑学garden engineering 园林工程garden and park 园林garden style 园林形式garden block planning 园林分区规划garden making 造园学geometric garden style 几何式园林green area 绿地面积garden art 园林艺术green space system 绿地系统green space layont 绿地布局Kitchen yard 厨园key stone 拱顶庄Karst lanscape 卡斯特地貌landscape ecology 园林生态landscape design 风景设计landscape garden city 园林城市landscape plan 风景规划landscape plant 园林植物lakeside plan 湖滨公园leaking through scenery 漏景lake view 湖泊景观1.main entrance gate 主入口大门2. mini amphi-theatre 小型露天剧场3. meditating plaza 交通广场4. main plaza 广场5. miniature landscape 盆景6. mass planting movement 群众绿化7. memorial park 纪念公园8. martyr memorial park 烈士纪念公园1. natural park 天然公园2. national park 国家公园3. neighborhood park 邻里公园4. nursery 苗圃5. natural landscape 自然景观6. necessary living space 必要生活空间7. no-admittance area 非游览区8. noiseproof green space 防备绿地1. out door café露天咖啡廊2. outdoor shower 户外淋浴3. ornamental horticulture 观赏植物学4. ornamental plant 观赏植物5. obstructive scenery 障景6. opposite scenery 对景7. objective view 配景8. order of sceneries 景序1. parking area 停车场2. pavilion 凉亭3. promenade 人行漫步道4. perennial garden 宿根园5. petty street garden 小游园6. paved garden 铺地园7. public green space 公共绿地8. private garden 私家园林Rocksculpture 石景雕塑Rock garden 石景园Rock plaza 石景广场Ratio of green coverage 绿地率Railway greening Railway planting 铁路绿化Roof greening 屋顶绿化Rose garden 蔷薇园Rock garden 假山园Rustic garden 乡趣园Roadside park street park 路边公园SSlide 旱冰道Swimming pool 游泳池Sculpture trail 雕塑小道Stair 台阶Street greening Street planting 街道绿化Sidewalk greening 人行道绿化Suburban greening 郊区绿化Street crossing center garden 街心花园School garden 学校园Seaside park 海滨公园Sculpture park 雕塑公园Sanatorium park 疗养公园Special park 特种公园Timber brige 大桥Rivewild 野趣小溪Treebattleformation 趣味树阵Trellis 特色花架Tenniscourt 网球场Terracingseatwall 阶梯坐台Tenislestucture 拉膜结构Tropicalplantsgarden 热带植物园Unity and variety 统一和变化Uoid 空隙Urbanization 城市化Ubiquitous 普遍存在Uncoordinated 不协调的Undulate 波动、起伏Urban fabric 城市肌理Underplanting 下树栽植Understory 树下叶层1．凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park 2．景view,scenery,feature 3．夹景又称“风景线” vista line,vista 4．视野 Visual field 5．视错觉 Visual illusion6．园林绿化比率ratio of spaceallotted to park and greenery) z 7．野趣小溪 river wild 8．石景雕塑rock sculpture w—1．迎宾景观weing feature 2．嬉水池wading pool3．蜿蜒水墙winding wall 4．窗台绿化window-sill greening 5．瀑布风景区waterfall sceni 6．漫步广场walkway plaza 7．水景园water garden 8．西方古典园林western classical garden 9．原始环境系统wilderness environment system 10．开敞空间wide open space,wide space 11．紫藤wisteria12．垂柳willowx---1．绿廊xystusY 1．圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2．颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 3．青少年活动区youngsters activities area 4．丝兰yuccaz---Z 1．动物园zoo一)良好的交通体系good traffic system(二)完整的空间环境意象complete space environment imagery(三)丰富的空间形式) rich space form(四)独特的景观构成unique composition传统与现代的融合Traditional and modern fusion自然与生命力的表达Natural and vitality expression文脉的延续Continuation of the Context设计理念design concept设计构思design idea建筑平面与空间设计architectural plane and space design立面与造型设计elevation and modelling design用地红线图the red line graph国家现行的相关规范、规定country active relevant specifications and rules休息设施rest facilities卫生设施sanitation facilities公用设施public facilities绿化设施Green Facilities环境的保护设施environment-protect facilities人与自然的和谐统一harmony between human and nature生态规划的内涵（Ecological planning implies）生态规划的目的（Ecological planning purposes）生态规划的原则（Ecological planning principles）生态规划的模式与分类（Planning and type of the ecological)生态规划步骤与内容(Ecological planning process and content)生态适宜分析方法及案例分析(Analysis and case studies）整体性原则Holistic approach principle趋适开拓原则Become the market principles协调共生原则Our principle of coordinated区域分异原则In the principle of regional高效和谐原则Harmonious principle of efficient可持续发展原则Sustainable development principles景观规划模式Landscape pattern景观生态学模式Ecological landscape pattern环境影响评价模式Environmental impact assessment model生态系统管理模式Ecosystem management乡村规划模式Rural planning model系统分析与模拟模式Systems analysis and simulation model保护人类健康，提供人类居住的良好环境To protect human health, human's good environment对土地资源、水资源等自然资源的合理利用Areas of land, water and natural resources rationally using保护自然生态系统的样性及完整性Natural ecosystems and biodiversity integrity保护人类健康，提供人类居住的良好环境To protect human health, human's good environment对土地资源、水资源等自然资源的合理利用Areas of land, water and natural resources rationally using保护自然生态系统的多样性及完整性Natural ecosystems and biodiversity integrity充分了解自然环境、自然资源的性能Fully understand the natural environment and natural resources of the performance追求系统的总体关系的协调Pursuit of the system of overall coordination。
风景园林专业英语作文
风景园林专业英语作文Landscape Architecture: A Harmonious Blend of Art and ScienceLandscape architecture is a multifaceted field that combines the principles of art, science, and technology to create visually stunning and functionally efficient outdoor spaces. As a landscape architect, I am responsible for designing and managing the development of various landscapes, from public parks and gardens to private residential properties and commercial developments.The primary objective of landscape architecture is to create environments that not only aesthetically please the eye but also enhance the overall well-being of the people who interact with them. This involves a deep understanding of various disciplines, including horticulture, ecology, hydrology, and urban planning, to ensure that the designed landscapes are sustainable, environmentally-friendly, and responsive to the needs and preferences of the users.One of the key aspects of landscape architecture is the careful selection and arrangement of plant materials.Landscape architects must have a deep knowledge ofdifferent plant species, their growth habits, and their environmental requirements to create visually appealing and functional planting designs. This includes considerations such as seasonal changes, color palettes, and the creationof diverse habitats for various wildlife species.In addition to plant selection, landscape architectsmust also be skilled in the design of hardscapes, such as pathways, walls, and water features. These elements play a crucial role in defining the overall character and functionality of a landscape, and must be carefully integrated with the surrounding environment to create a cohesive and harmonious whole.Another important aspect of landscape architecture isthe consideration of site-specific factors, such as climate, topography, and existing infrastructure. Landscapearchitects must be adept at analyzing these factors and incorporating them into their designs to ensure that thefinal product is both aesthetically pleasing and environmentally sustainable.One of the key challenges facing landscape architects today is the need to address the growing concerns around climate change and environmental sustainability. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the importance of sustainable practices, landscape architects are tasked with finding innovative solutions that minimize the ecological impact of their designs while still meeting the needs of their clients and the community.This may involve the use of native plant species, the incorporation of water-efficient irrigation systems, andthe integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar panels or wind turbines, into the landscape design. Landscape architects must also be skilled in the use of cutting-edge technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and 3D modeling software, to help visualize and plan their designs.Despite the many challenges facing the field oflandscape architecture, it remains a highly rewarding and fulfilling profession. Landscape architects have the unique opportunity to shape the built environment in ways that enhance the quality of life for individuals and communities,while also promoting environmental stewardship and sustainability.Whether designing a lush public garden, a tranquilprivate retreat, or a bustling urban plaza, landscape architects play a vital role in creating spaces that arenot only visually stunning but also functional, sustainable, and responsive to the needs of the people who use them.风景园林专业是一个融合艺术和科学的多方面领域。
风景园林专业英语
风景园林专业英语Landscape Architecture: The Art of Designing Green SpacesLandscape architecture is a multifaceted profession that involves the planning, design, and management of natural and built environments. It encompasses a wide range of skills,from ecological understanding to urban design, all aimed at creating functional and aesthetically pleasing outdoor spaces.One of the key aspects of landscape architecture is the integration of nature into urban settings. This can be seenin the design of parks, gardens, and greenways that not only provide recreational opportunities for city dwellers but also serve to improve air quality and promote biodiversity.In addition to urban design, landscape architects alsoplay a crucial role in the planning and development of residential areas, commercial spaces, and public institutions. They work closely with architects, engineers, and other professionals to ensure that the outdoor spaces surrounding these structures are both visually appealing and environmentally sustainable.The use of native plants, water conservation techniques, and sustainable materials are all common practices in the field. Landscape architects must also be well-versed in the principles of horticulture, soil science, and environmental psychology to create spaces that are not only beautiful butalso healthy and functional.Education in landscape architecture typically begins with a bachelor's degree in the field, followed by a period of internship and the passage of a licensing exam. Continuing education is also a critical component, as the field is constantly evolving with new technologies and design philosophies.As the world becomes more urbanized and the need for sustainable living spaces grows, the role of the landscape architect is more important than ever. They are the stewards of the environment, working to create a harmonious balance between human habitation and the natural world.。
风景园林专业英语作文
风景园林专业英语作文English:Landscape architecture is a field that combines art, science, and nature to create outdoor spaces that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional and sustainable. Landscape architects play a crucial role in designing, planning, and managing various outdoor environments, such as parks, gardens, urban squares, and residential landscapes. They must consider factors such as climate, soil conditions, topography, and cultural aspects when creating designs that enhance the quality of life for people and promote environmental sustainability. The profession also involves collaborating with architects, engineers, urban planners, and other professionals to ensure that the outdoor spaces they create meet the needs and desires of the community. As cities continue to grow and urbanization accelerates, landscape architects have a unique opportunity to shape the future of our built environment by creating spaces that are not only beautiful but also environmentally friendly and socially inclusive.Translated content:风景园林是一个结合艺术、科学和自然的领域，旨在创造既美观又功能性和可持续的室外空间。
风景园林(景观设计)专业英语(第二版) 01 Frederick Law Olmsted
Father of the landscape architecture
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CONTENTS
• 1.Introduction
(Early life & education & Career & Major publications)
• 2.Ideas • 3.Major DeБайду номын сангаасign Works
New York
North Carolina Quebec, Canada
Brooklyn Buffalo New York City Niagara Falls Asheville Montreal
Park Stanford University US Capitol Planned Community Colombian Exposition Planned Community Moraine Farm Fen way Jamaica Arnold Arboretum Muddy River Franklin Park Prospect Park Park System Central Park State Reservation The Biltmore Estate Mount Royal Park
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State California District Of Columbia Georgia Illinois
Massachusetts
City Palo Alto Washington Atlanta Chicago Riverside Beverly Boston
(完整word版)风景园林专业英语
主入口大门/岗亭main entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle & pedestrian)次入口/岗亭2nd entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle & pedestrian)商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr.水景water feature小型露天剧场mini amphi-theatre迎宾景观welcoming feature观景木台timber deck (viewing)竹园bamboo garden漫步广场walkway plaza露天咖啡廊out door café巨大迎宾水景-2 grand welcoming feature -2 木桥timber bridge洞穴grotto吊桥hanging bridge休憩台地(低处) lounging terrace(lower)休憩台地(高处) lounging terrace(upper)特色踏步feature stepping stone野趣小溪river wild儿童乐园children's playground旱冰道slide羽毛球场badminton court旱景dry landscape日艺园Japanese garden旱喷泉dry fountain 观景台viewing deck游泳池swimming pool极可意Jacuzzi嬉水池wading pool儿童泳池children's pool蜿蜒水墙winding wall石景雕塑rock sculpture中心广场central plaza健身广场exercise plaza桥bridge交流广场meditating plaza趣味树阵tree battle formation停车场parking area特色花架trellis雕塑小道sculpture trail(高尔夫)轻击区putting green高尔夫球会所golf clubhouse每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit篮球场basketball court网球场tennis court阶梯坐台 terracing seatwall广场main plaza森林forest garden石景园 rockery garden旱溪dry stream凉亭Pavilion户外淋浴 outdoor shower拉膜结构 tensile structure台阶stair高尔夫球车停车场parking(golfcar)健身站 exercise station晨跑小路 jogging footpath车道/人行driveway/sidewalk人行漫步道promenade瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场)water fall anddancing fountain (entry plaza)特色入口entry feature石景广场rockery plaza园林学Landscapearchitecture gardenarchitecture造园学Garden making,landscape gardening环境园艺学Environmentalhorticulture观赏园艺学Ornamentalhorticulture园林艺术garden art园林美学Garden aesthetics园林建筑学Garden architecture园林建筑Garden building园林工程Garden engineering园林植物Landscape plant观赏植物Ornamental plant盆景Miniature landscape,penjing园林Garden and park园林学史History Of garden architecture园林规划Garden planning,landscapingplanning园林设计Garden design园林机具设备Gardening machine园林管理Garden management园林生态Landscape ecology绿化greening,planting环境绿化Environmental greening绿地面积Green area绿地率Ratio Of green space城市绿化覆盖率Urban Green coverage工厂绿化Factory greening,factorygarden-ing街道绿化Street greening,street planting车行道绿化Driveway greening分车带绿化Dividing Stripe greening人行道绿化Sidewalk greening群众绿化Mass Planting movement郊区绿化Suburban greening公路绿化Highway greening铁路绿化Railway greening,railway planting 堤岸种植Bank planting阳台绿化Balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening屋顶绿化Roof greening垂直绿化Vertical greening攀缘绿化Climber greening桥头绿化Bridgehead greening花园garden专类花园Specified flower garden花园村Garden village园林城市Landscape garden city蔷薇园Rose garden松柏园Conifer garden球根园Bulb garden宿根园Perennial garden假山园Rock garden,Chinese rockery 狩猎场Hunting ground街心花园Street crossing center garden 小游园Petty Street garden水景园Water garden铺地园Paved garden野趣园Wild plants botanical garden 野生植物园Wild plants garden乡趣园Rustic garden盆景园Penjing garden,miniatureland-scape动物园zoo,zoological garden墓园Cemetery garden沼泽园Bog and marsh garden水生植物园Aquatic plants garden学校园School garden室内花园Indoor garden芳香花园Fragrant garden盲人花园Garden for the blind公园park,Public park城市公园City park,urban park区公园Regional park儿童公园Children park体育公园Sports park森林公园Forest park纪念公园Memorial park烈士纪念公园Martyr memorial park综合公园Comprehensive park文化公园Cultural park文化休憩公园Cultural and recreationpark中央公园Central park天然公园Natural park海滨公园Seasidepark,seabeach park古迹公园Historic sitepark河滨公园Riverside park湖滨公园Lakeside park路边公园Roadsidepark,street park娱乐公园Amusementpark雕塑公园Sculpture park休憩公园Recreation park疗养公园Sanatoriumpark国家公园National park邻里公园Neighborhoodpark特种公园Special park植物园Botanicalgarden植物公园abeled plantspark高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plantsgarden药用植物园medicalplants garden,herb garden绿地green space公共绿地Public green space单位绿地Unit green area城市绿地Urban green space街道广场绿地Street and square green area居住区绿地Residential quarter green area防护绿地Green area for environmentalprotection郊区绿地Suburban green space街坊绿地Residential block green belt附属绿地Attached green space生产绿地Productive plantation area苗圃nursery风景landscape,scenery自然景观Natural landscape人文景观Human landscape,scenery ofhumanities草原景观Prairie landscape山岳景观Mountain landscape,alpinelandscape地理景观Geographical landscape湖泊景观Lake view郊区景观Suburban landscape地质景观Geological landscape喀斯特景观Karst landscape植物景观Plants landscape,flora landscape中国古典园林Classical Chinese garden中国传统园林Traditional Chinese garden 中国古代园林Ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑Imperial palace garden皇家园林Royal garden私家园林Private garden江南园林Garden on the Yangtze Delta 西方古典园林Western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden 意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le-Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林Rococo style garden园林专业词汇2巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园Peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden阿房宫E-Pang Palace上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫Luoyang Palace华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan ImperialGarden,Summer Palace承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial SummerResort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden,Kew garden凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau PalaceGarden 景view,scenery,feature远景Distant view近景Nearby view障景Obstructive scenery,blocking view借景Borrowed scenery,view borrowing对景Opposite scenery,viewin opposite place缩景Miniaturescenery,abbreviated scenery漏景Leaking throughscenery框景Enframed scenery尾景Terminal feature主景Main feature副景Secondary feature配景Objective view夹景Vista line,vista前景Front view背景background景序Order of sceneries景点Feature spot,view spot仰视景观Upwardlandscape俯视景观Downwardlandscape季相景观Seasonalphenomena气象景观Meteorologicaldiversity scenery视野Visual field秋色Fall color,autumncolor园林空间Garden space开敞空间Wide open space, wide space封闭空间Enclosure space意境artistic conception,poeticimagery苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness,airiness动观in-motion viewing静观in-position viewing视错觉Visual illusion园林艺术布局Artistic layout of garden对称平衡Symmetrical balance不对称平衡Asymmetrical balance左右对称Bilateral symmetry辐射对称Radial symmetry透景线Perspective line轴线axis,axial line主轴Main axis副轴Auxiliary axis暗轴Hidden axis,invisible axis树冠线skyline园林色彩艺术Art of garden colors单色谐调Monochromatic harmony复色谐调Compound chromatic harmony对比色突出Contrast colors accent近似色谐调Approximate colors harmony 暖色Warm color冷色Cool color色感Color sense城市绿地系统规划Urban green space system planning绿地系统Green space system公共绿地定额Public green space quota公共绿地指标Public green space norm绿地布局Green space layout吸引圈Attractive circle吸引距离Attractive distance有效半径Effective radius绿地资源Green space resource绿地效果Green space effect绿地规划程序Planning procedure of the green space空间规划Space planning形象规划Image plan实施规划Implementary plan必要生活空间Necessary living space余暇生活空间Leisure time living space利用频度Usage frequency树种规划Planning of trees and shrubs 绿地类型Typeof green space环状绿型Annular green space 块状绿地Green plot点状绿地Green spot放射状绿地Radiate green space楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space缓冲绿地Buffer green space防音绿地Noiseproof green space科学景观论Scientific landscapetheory园林保留地Reserve garden公园规划park planning园林总体规划Garden master planning总平面规划Site planning园林分区Garden zoning安静休息区Tranquil rest area儿童活动区Children playing space儿童游戏场Children playground,playlot体育运动区Sports activities area野餐区Picnic place散步区Pedestrian space群众集会区Mass meeting square观赏植物区Ornamental plants area观赏温室区Display greenhouse area,display conservatory area草坪区Lawn space绿荫区Shade tree section历史古迹区Historical relicsarea青少年活动区Youngstersactivities area诱鸟区Bird sanctuary area钓鱼区Fishing center野营区Camp site游人中心Visitors center服务中心Service center探险游乐场Adventureground文化活动区Culturalactivities area道路系统Approachsystem, road system环形道路系统Circular roadsystem方格形道路系统Latticed roadsystem放射形道路系统Radiate roadsystem自然式道路系统Informal roadsystem规整式道路系统Formal roadsystem混合式道路系统Mixed style road system园林规划图Garden planning map园林规划说明书Garden planning direction城市公园系统Urban park system公园分布Distribution of parks公园类型Park type, park category公园间距Distance between parks公园形式Park styles游览区Excursion area, open-to-public area非游览区no-admittance area办公区Administrative area服务区Service center动休息区Dynamic rest space静休息区Static rest space娱乐演出区Entertaining performanceplace主要入口Main entrance次要入口Secondary entrance人流量Visitors flowrate车流量Vehicle flowrate公园道路parkroad公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio游人容纳量Visitors capacity风景资源调查Landscape resourceevaluation风景学scenicology风景规划Landscape plan风景设计Landscape design游览路线Touring route旅游资源Tourism resource旅游地理Tourism geography旅游地质Tourism geology历史名城Famous historical city文化名城Famous cultural city文化遗址Ancient cultural relic天然博物馆Natural open museum风景地貌naturalgeomorphology造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration风景区Scenic spot, scenic area风景名胜Famous scenery, famous scenic site特异景观风景区Specific natural scenes area 民族风俗风景区Scenic spot of minority customs高山风景区Alpine scenic spot海滨风景区Seabeach scenic spot森林风景区Forest scenic spot高山草甸风景区Alpine tundra landscape spot峡谷风景区Valley scenic spot江河风景区River landscape district 湖泊风景区Lake round scenic spot温泉风景区Hot spring scenic spot瀑布风景区Waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区Region forbidden to treecutting and hunting封山育林区Region closed forafforestation天池风景区Crater lake scenic spot自然保护区Nature protection area科学保护区Protection area forscientific research天然纪念物Natural monument生物圈保护区Biosphere protection area园林设计师Landscape architect,garden designer园址测量图Garden site survey map地形图Topographic map, contour map种植设计Planting design地形改造设计Topographical reformdesign种植大样图detailplanting design造价分析Cost analysis园林形式Garden style规整式园林Formal garden style非规整园林Informal garden style几何式园林Geometric garden style自然式园林Natural gardenstyle混合式园林Mixed gardenstyle近代巴洛克式园林Modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marxabstract garden园林区划Garden areadivision园林分区规划Garden blockplanning庭院花园Courtyardgarden前庭Front yard, forecourt后庭Back yard, rear yard中庭patio厨园Kitchen yard沉[床]园Sunken garden窗园Window garden墙园Wall garden宅园Home garden台地园Terrace garden冬园Winter garden切花园Cut flower garden屋顶花园Roof garden后花园Back yard garden园林地形改造Topographical reform ofgarden土山Earth piled hill, mound artificial假山rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelledstone黄石Yellowish brown stone人造假山石Artificial stone, man-madestone孤赏石monolith, standing stone掇山Piled stone hill, hill making叠石Stones laying板石Flag stone散点石Scattered stone抱角石Corner stone屋基石Foundation stone排衙石Guard stone屏石Screen stone石岸Rock bank石阶Stone steps汀步Stepping stone on water surface附壁石Stone appended to wall石花台Stone flower bed石凳Stone bench假山石挡土墙Rock retaining wall干砌石Dry stone wall假山石楼梯Rock Stairway石亭Stone Pavilion石洞Stone cavern石窟grotto置石Stone arrangement, stone layout 拱石Arch stone拱顶石Key stone园林水景Water scenes of garden水体Water body水面Water surface水池pool水塘pond喷泉fountain喷水池Fountain pool涉水池Wading pool倒影池Mirror pool, reflecting pool睡莲池water-lily pool喷水管布置Piping schema钓鱼塘Fishing pond高水位池塘High water table pond池边坐人矮墙Seat wall surrounded pool 隐头喷泉Secret fountain岛园Island garden半岛园Peninsula garden小岛isle 瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade湖lake矶Rock projecting over water水帘洞Water curtain cave园桥Garden bridge拱桥Arch bridge石板桥Stone slab bridge木板桥Plank bridge圆木桥Log bridge亭桥Pavilion bridge曲桥Zigzag bridge壁泉Wall fountain饮水喷头Drinking fountain植物配植Plant arrangement树木配植Arrangement of trees andshrubs群植Group planting, mass planting孤植Specimen planting, isolatedplanting丛植Clump planting组植Group planting林植Forest planting列植Linear planting对植Opposite planting, coupledplanting环植Circular planting带植Belt planting散植Scattered planting,loose planting边缘种植Edge planting边界种植Boundaryplanting整形种植Architecturalplanting基础种植Foundationplanting角隅种植Corner planting景框种植Planting asenframent门卫种植Guard planting篱恒种植Fence planting障景种植Screen planting背景种植Backgroundplanting林下种植Underwoodplanting路边种植Roadsideplanting绿篱hedge树墙espalier庭荫树Shade tree园景树Specimen tree风景林Amenity forest,ornamental forest行道树Avenue tree, street tree纪念林Memorial forest整型树Topiary tree花篱Flower hedge'刺篱Thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱Evergreen hedge落叶绿篱Deciduous hedge高篱High hedge沟中边篱hah-hah fence图案矮篱Pattern dwarf hedge迷宫绿篱Labyrinth hedge整剪绿篱Clipped hedge自然式花篱Natural flowering hedge边篱Boundary fence园篱Garden fence, garden hedge纯林Pure forest混交林mixed forest林间隙地open space in woodland杂木林spinney树冠覆盖面tree canopy草坪lawn整形草坪formal lawn开花草坪flowering lawn牧场草坪meadowy land花坛flower bed路边花坛roadside flower bed带状花坛ribbon flower bed时钟花坛flower clock盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed高设花台Raised flower bed毛毡花坛carpet bed镶嵌花坛mosaic bed铺石花坛paved bed灌木花坛shrub bed图案花坛群parterre草药花坛herbaceous flower bed花结花坛knot bed整形花坛formal flower bed花境flower border花桶Flower tub植树箱Planting box活动花坛Movable flower bed瓶饰Garden vase灌木花境Shrub border混合花境Mixed border园林道路设计Garden road design, garden path design漫步路trail, footway小径alley, path 川草坪岛Lawn island安全岛Traffic island, refuge island转弯曲度Turning curvature转弯半径Turning radius踏面Landing pitch步石Stepping stone涉水踏步Wading step错铺路Crazy paving path随意组合方石板路Flag stone pathpaved at random花纹路Pattern path林荫路mall林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway林间小道Path in woodland种植池Planting bed树池保护格栅Tree grate树干保护套栏Tree guard树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surroundedplanting路面线纹Score line传统园林建筑traditional gardenbuilding凉亭summer shelter活树亭arbor, tent arbor蘑菇亭mushroom Pavilion茅亭thatched Pavilion竹亭bamboo Pavilion茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk回廊cloister水廊corridor on water曲廊zigzag veranda扒山廊sloping gallery楼廊two-storied gallery画舫painted pleasure boat石舫stone boat不击舟immovable pleasureboat诗条石poem-engravedstone slab月洞门moon gate扶手栏杆handrail坐凳栏杆seat rail石碑stone tablet, stele园林露天剧场open gardentheater园林露天舞池open gardendancing place园林专业词汇4露天音乐台outdoor musicstand眺望台prospect deck繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse展览温室public conservatory月池new-moon pool园林小品small garden ornaments磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet园椅garden chair, garden seat园凳garden bench园桌garden table园灯garden lamp日规sundial鸟浴bird bath鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box鸟笼bird cage, bird coop悬篮hanging basket野鸟喂食器bird feeder额匾horizontal inscribed board楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet onpillar引露天烤炉open barbecue树棚living-tree pergola花架pergola花格架trellis, treillage点景牌楼naming pailou, decoratedarchway园林施工garden layout, gardenconstruction种植工程planting engineering大树移植big tree transplanting裸根移植bare root transplanting土球移植ball transplanting沟植trench planting假植heeling in, temporary planting播种草坪seeding lawn铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn假山工程rockery engineering掇山五法five methods”of rock piling 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part上轻下重法method of lowering the center ofgravity of rocks纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub观叶植物foliage plant观果植物fruit-effect plant观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches指示植物indicating plant 主景植物accent plant耐湿植物damp tolerant plant抗风植物wind-resistant plant耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plant市花city flower市树city tree国花national flower国树national tree芳香植物fragrant plant抗污染植物pollution resistant plant环保植物environment protectingplant高山植物alpine plant岩生植物rock plant攀缘植物climbing plant, climber地被植物ground cover plant阴生植物shade plant装饰植物decorative plant装缘植物edging plant绿蓠植物hedge plant草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass花坛植物bedding plant球根植物bulbous plant宿根植物perennial plant, perennial水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte旱生植物xerophyte沼泽植物bog plant,swamp plant室内装饰植物indoordecorative plant, house plant切花cut flower垂枝植物pendulous plant,weeping plant缠绕植物twiner, twinningplant针叶植物needle-leavedplant阔叶植物broad-leavedplant斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant松柏植物conifer常绿植物evergreen plant半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant不耐寒植物tender plant半耐寒植物half-hardyplant耐寒植物hardy plant耐旱植物droughtenduring plant山石材料stone material昆山石Kunshan stone钟乳石stalactite灵壁石Lingbi stone英德石Yingde stone青石Qing stone宣石Xuan stone房山石Fangshan stone观赏动物ornamental animal观赏鸟类ornamental bird观赏兽类ornamental beast观赏昆虫类ornamental insect园林机械Garden machine园林工具Garden instrument,gardenimplement园林设备Garden equipment花坛分界隔板Plastic bed divider种植容器Planting container圆木桩Log peg喷射装置Jet bubbler滴灌Trickle irrigator,drip irrigator环动喷灌器Circle sprinkler圆筒喷灌器Totor sprinkler自控器Automatic controller管端喷灌器Hose end sprinkler固定喷灌器Stationary sprinkler喷雾喷灌器Mist sprinkler,spray headsprinkler喷灌覆盖面Sprinkler coverage草坪加肥器Lawn feeder施肥喷灌器Combined feeder and sprinkler液肥混合调配器Liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner滴水喷头Emitter,dripper水土保持塑料网Erosion control plastic net 苗木包装材料Nursery stock package material麻布袋Burlap bag铁丝篮Wire basket篮状种植器Basket container塑料苗木桶Plastic nurserican播种盘Seed tray网孔盆Mesh pot含肥泥炭盆Fertile peat pot盆栽机Potting machine换盆机Repotting machine再生纸种植器Reclaimed paper container 纤维育苗器Wood fiber plant grower泥炭压制播种机Peat seeding pellet ,peat seeding starter松土除草机Cultivator旋转锄Rotary hoe 切叶机Foliage cutter翻地犁Uncovering plough盖土机Mounted spreader前悬装土机Front mounted loader后缀装土机Rear mounted loader旋轴剪草机Spindle mower栽植机Planting machine植物覆盖Plant mulching覆盖物分散机Mulch spreader种子液肥喷洒机Hydro seeder修枝剪Pruning shear播种器Garden seeder球根种植器Buld planter土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer肥效分析器Fertilizer analyzer嫁接刀Grafting knife温室设备Greenhouse equipment盆栽灌水系统Pot watering system温室气候控制器Greenhouse climatecontroller温室覆盖Greenhouse covering喷雾自控系统Automatic mist controlsystem二氧化碳发生器CO2 generator温度警报钟Temperature alarm游览车Park sightseeing bus剪草机Lawn mower动力剪草机Powerlawnmower畜力剪草机Horselawnmower手推剪草机Handlawnmower游人调查Visitorsinvestigation游人统计Visitorsstatistics游人分析Garden visitorsanalysis游人管理Visitorsmanagement导游图Tourist map导游解说Tour description劳动管理Labourmanagement物资管理Materialhandlingl,goods handling设备管理Equipmentmanagement,facilitymanagement财务管理Financialmanagement安全管理Safety management环境监测Environmental monitor植物养护管理Plant maintenance andmanagement园林技术管理Garden technicalmanagement质量管理Quality management园貌维修Garden feature maintenance植物整形修剪Plant trimming and pruning植物病虫防治Disease and insect control园林管理规划Management plan游人意见处理Treatment of visitors opinions游人规则Visitors regulation园内交通管理Traffic control in park园外交通管理Traffic control put of parkentrance汽车停车规则Parking rules自行车停放规则Bicycle parking rules开放时间Opening time日常清理卫生管理Daily sanitation andhygiene management盆景配件Penjing accessories盆景植物Penjing plant水石盆景Rock and water penjing树桩盆景Penjing planted with old dwarftrees垂枝盆景Penjing planted with pendulous盆景艺术Penjing art盆景土Pot mixture for penjing盆景盆体Penjing pot日本式盆景Japanese style penjing,bonsai 盆景花坛Penjing flower bed国际自然及自然资源保护联合会International Union for Conservation of Nature and Nature resources,IUCN园林专业词汇5国际园林师联合总会International Federation of Landscape Architects,IFLA中国风景园林学会Chinese Society of Landscape Aarchitecture,CSLA中华人民共和国环境保护法Law of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国森林法Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China风景名胜区管理条例Regulations on the Management of Landscape and Famous Sceneries中华人民共和国自然保护区条例Regulations on the Nature Protection Regions of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国野生动物资源保护条例Regulations on the Protection ofWild Plants of the People’s Republic of China转载中国古典园林classical Chinese gardens苏州园林Suzhou Gardens拙政园The Humble Administrator’sGarden塔影亭the tower shadow Pavilion留听阁the Stay and ListenPavilion浮翠阁the Floating GreenPavilion笠亭the Li Pavilion与谁同坐轩the “With Whom Shall ISit?”Pavilion宜两亭Both Families Pavilion三十六鸳鸯馆the 36 Pairs ofMandarin Ducks’Hall十八曼陀罗花馆the 18 StramoniumFlowers’Hall枇杷园Loquat Garden海棠春坞Malus spring castle听雨轩the “Listen to the rain”Pavilion玲珑馆Exquisite Hall小飞虹the SmallFlying Rainbow得真亭the Get RealityPavilion小沧浪The smallPavilion of Quiet Meditation听松风处the place forlistening to the pine wind香洲the Boat-likeStructure玉兰堂the Magnolia远香堂DriftingFragrance Hall荷风四面亭the Pavilionin the Lotus Breezes倚玉轩the Listeningon Jade Pavilion待霜亭the OrangePavilion雪香云蔚亭the PrunusMume Pavilion柳阴路曲the zigzagpathway with willow shade绣绮亭the PeonyPavilion见山楼the Mountain in View Tower别有洞天the Moon Gate留园The Lingering Garden华步小筑 A Scene in the LingeringGarden绿荫the Green Shade Pavilion小蓬莱the Samll Fairy Isle舒啸亭the Shuxiao Pavilion浣云沼the Huanyun Billabong明瑟搂the Pellucid Tower涵碧山房Hanbi Mountain Villa可亭Ke Ting Pavilion五峰仙馆the Celestial Hall of Five Peaks林泉耆硕之馆the Old Hermit Scholars’House闻木樨香轩the Osmanthus FragrancePavilion揖峰轩the Yifeng Pavilion又一村“another village”冠云峰the Cloud Capped Peak冠云台the Cloud Capped Terrace冠云亭the Cloud Capped Pavilion曲溪楼the Zigzag Stream Tower濠濮亭the Haopu Pavilion曲廊the Zigzag Walkway清风池馆the Refreshing Breeze Pavilionby the Lake活泼泼地the Place of Liveliness网师园The Master-of-Nets Garden小山丛桂轩the Small Hill and Osmanthus Fragance Pavilion云窟月洞门the Yunku Moon Gate看松读画轩the Watching Pines and Appreciating Paitings Studio射鸭廊the Duck Shooting Corridor 月到风来亭the Moon Come with Breeze Pavilion冷泉亭the Cold Spring Pavilion殿春簃the Peony Study万卷堂the Hall of Scrolls撷绣楼the Bueaty Within Reach Tower五峰书屋the Five Peaks Library真意门the True Feeling Gate环秀山庄The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty问泉亭the Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion飞雪泉the Spring of Flying Snow水涧the Gully边楼the Side Tower补秋山房the Make-up Autumn Gallery 狮子林The Lion Forest Garden燕誉堂the Yan Yu Hall海棠门洞the Chinese FloweringCrabapple Gate指柏轩the Zhi Bai Pavilion九狮峰the Nine Lions Peak古五松园the Ancient Five PinesGarden花篮厅the Flower Basket Hall真趣亭the True Delight Pavilion石舫the Stone Boat-LikeStructure湖心亭the Mid-Lake Pavilion问梅阁the Putting a Question to theWintersweet Pavilion文天祥碑亭Wen Tianxiang StelePavilion扇面亭the Fan-Shaped Pavilion修竹阁the Practising BuddhismPavilion立雪堂the Li Xue Hall艺圃The Garden of Cultivation博雅堂the Bo Ya Hall乳鱼亭the Fry Pavilion香草居the Sweetgrass House响月廊the Sound of MoonVerandah耦园The Couple’s GardenRetreat吾爱亭the Wu AiPavilion听橹楼the Ting LuTower城曲草堂the Cheng QuThatched Cottage载酒堂the CarryingWine Hall还砚斋the Giving BackInkstone Studio沧浪亭Surging WavesPavilion明道堂the Ming DaoHall看山楼the Looking atMountains Tower翠玲珑the Jade andExquisite Study清香馆the PrueFragance Hall康熙御碑亭the KangxiImperial Stele Pavilion退思园The Garden of QuietMeditation揽胜阁the Viewing Landscape Pavilion水香榭the Water Fragance Pavilion退思草堂the Thatched Cottag of QuietMeditation闹红一轲the Boat-Like Structure withGoldfish菰雨生凉 A Tower View by the Water眠云亭the Sleeping Cloud Pavilion畹香楼the Wan Xiang Tower怡园The Garden of Pleasant岁寒草庐the Sui Han Thatched Cottage四时潇洒亭the Four Seasons FinePavilion石轩the Bai Shi Pavilion石听琴the Shi Ting Qin Music Studio小沧浪亭the Small Surging WavesPavilion锁绿轩the Locking Green Pavilion云墙the Cloud Wall画舫斋the Painted Boat Studio螺髻亭the Luo Ji Pavilion碧梧？风the Bi-Wu-Qi-Feng Pavilion北京故宫former imperial palace北海beihai lake濠濮涧Pavilion for quiet meditation画舫斋painted boat studio五龙亭five-dragon Pavilion琼华岛qionghua isle九龙墙nine-dragon wall静心斋tranquil heart studio圆明园the yuanmingyuan(garden of gardens) 玉泉山jade spring(yuquan hill)方壶胜境Wonderland on Fanghu Ishand三潭印月Three Pools Mirroring the Moon西洋楼景区European Palaces黄花阵The Labyrinth谐奇趣Harmonious Wonder养雀笼Aviary方外观Belvedere龙凤水法the Dragon-Phoenix Fountain五竹亭Five Bamboo Pavilions海晏堂Hall of National peace线法山Hill of Perspective方河Square Lake线法画Perspective Landscapes蓬岛瑶台Pengdao Yaotai (Immortal Abode on Penglai Island)正觉寺Zhengjue (Enlightenment) Temple绮春园宫门Palace Gates of Qichunyuan鉴碧亭Jianbi Pavilion(Pavilion in a Blue Mirror) 绮春园石残桥Remnants of a Stone Bridge涵秋馆Three-Arch Bridge of theHanqiu(Embracing Autumn)Study仙人承露台Xianren Chenglu (Platform ofImmortal Receiving Heavenly Dew)浩然亭Haoran (Noble Spirit) Pavilion会心桥Huixin Bridge (Bridge ofUnderstanding)别有洞天Bieyou Dongtian(Place ofUnique Beauty)含经堂Hanjingtang(Tripataka Hall)颐和园the summer palace苏州街Suzhou Street仁寿殿the Hall of benevolence andlongevity德和园the Garden of harmoniousdelights排云殿cloud dispelling hall佛香阁the tower of the fragrantbuddha万寿山the Longevity Hill昆明湖kunming lake长廊the long corridor十七孔桥 a 17-span bridge听莺阁Pavilion for listening toorioles恭王府花园the mansion of theprince of gong景山公园Jingshan Park观妙亭the Guanmiao Pavilion南京瞻园the zhanyuan gardenin nanjing花竺厅Hall of flower andbamboo静妙堂jingmiao hall南京煦园the xiyuan garden innanjing夕佳楼Xijia Pavilion不系舟anchor less boat承德避暑山庄the summermountain resort at chengde上帝阁Pavilion of God芳洲亭the FangzhouPavilion水心榭shuixin chamber淡泊敬诚厅theDanbojingcheng Hall烟雨楼Pavilion of mist andrain园林专业外语词汇6金山寺jinshan temple上海豫园yuyuan garden inshanghai玉玲珑yulinglong rock殿春堂the dianchun Pavilion龙墙the dragon wall万花厅the ten thousand flower Pavilion香山公园xiangshan park古漪园guyi garden艺圃yipu garden虎丘tiger hill瘦西湖slim west lake个园geyuan garden鹤园heyuan garden天坛the temple of heaven西湖west lake沈园shenyuan garden杜甫草堂du fu’s thatched hut中国风景名胜区scenic resort and historic sitein China五岳Five Famous Mountains佛教四大名山Four Buddhist HolyMountains岩洞风景karst landescape石林风景forest of rock太湖风景区Taihu Lake scenic resort杭州西湖West Lake,Hangzhou雁荡山风景区Yandangshan Mountain。
风景园林专业英语作文
风景园林专业英语作文(中英文版)Title: Landscape Architecture: A Profession in EnglishLandscape architecture is a profession that focuses on the design and planning of outdoor spaces, ensuring that they are both functional and aesthetically pleasing.As an essential part of urban development, landscape architecture plays a crucial role in creating sustainable and livable environments.In this essay, we will explore some of the key aspects of this fascinating profession.First and foremost, landscape architecture is all about creating outdoor spaces that serve a variety of purposes.This could include parks, gardens, plazas, and public spaces that not only provide a place for people to gather but also enhance the overall beauty of a ndscape architects must consider both the practical needs of users and the visual impact of their designs, striking a balance between form and function.Another important aspect of landscape architecture is sustainability.In an era where environmental concerns are more pressing than ever, landscape architects have a responsibility to create designs that minimize the ecological footprint of outdoor spaces.This could involve using native plants, incorporating water-saving irrigation systems, and promoting biodiversity.By doing so, landscape architects can helppreserve natural resources and create spaces that are environmentally friendly.Furthermore, landscape architecture also encompasses urban planning, as it involves the design of large-scale outdoor spaces that contribute to the overall development of a city or ndscape architects must consider factors such as traffic flow, accessibility, and connectivity when planning these spaces, ensuring that they are not only visually appealing but also functional and safe for the public.In addition to these practical considerations, landscape architecture is also an art ndscape architects must have a keen eye for beauty and be able to create designs that evoke emotions and inspire people.They must be able to visualize the end result of their projects and communicate their ideas effectively to clients, contractors, and other professionals involved in the design and construction process.In conclusion, landscape architecture is a diverse and dynamic profession that encompasses a wide range of skills and knowledge.From creating functional and beautiful outdoor spaces to promoting sustainability and urban development, landscape architects play a vital role in shaping the way we interact with the natural world.As the importance of sustainable design continues to grow, the demand for skilled landscape architects is likely to increase, making it an exciting time to be part of this dynamic profession.。
风景园林(景观设计)单词
1.风景园林师: landscape architect / garden designer2.规划师：planner3.生态学家：ecologist4.美国风景园林师协会：ASLA，American Society of Landscape Architects5.自然生境：natural habitat6.实体环境：physical surroundings7.环境: environment8.环境：milieu9.盆栽的：potted10.有机体、生物体:organism11.生态结构：ecological framework12.生态学：ecology13.生态学家：ecologist14.生物：creature15.草地：meadow16.树叶: foliage17.名然特征：natural feature18.沟壑、峡谷：ravine19.山谷、溪谷：valley20.景观、风景：view21.景观道路、公园道路；parkway22.城市的，住在都市的：urban23.郊区的：suburban24.乡村的：rural25.地形学的：topographical26.地形学、地势、地形：topography27.生理学的：physiological28.生理学：physiology29.物质规划、实际规划；physical planning30.生活环境、生存环境：living environment31.景观设计、园林设计：landscape design32.实际尺度、物理维度：physical dimension 33.环境、情况：circumstance34.园林、花园：garden35.表层土：topsoil36.分水岭：water sheds37.丘陵地：ro1ling ground38.庭园学: Gardening39.植物: vegetation40.地形：landform41.水体：water42.铺地: paving / pave : v43.建筑物：structure44风景园林学：landscape architecture45.自然风景园学：landscape gardening46.潜意识的：subconscious47.本能：instinct48.移居者：settler49.哲学：philosophy50.美学：aesthetics51.有立体感的：stereoscopic52.前景、前台、近景：foreground53.爱好和平的：peace-loving54.大草原：savannah55.地理：geography56.物种、种类：species57.可植入的，可移楂的：implanted58.崇敬：v: venerate59.精确比例、数学比例：mathematical proportion60.研究范围、管辖范围：province61.无限的、无穷的：infinite62.有限的、限定的：finite63.虚构空间：imaginative space64.广场：piazza65.圆柱：column66.文明：civilization67.平衡，均衡：equipoise68.平衡，均衡：equilibrium69.印象主义的：impressionistic70.立体主义：cubist71.抽象表现主义：abstract expressionism72.不对称几何形：asymmetrically geometric73.受控场地：site-dominated74.特定场地：site-specific75.外部场地：off-site76.轨道：parallel77.垂直、正交的：perpendicular78.新古典主义：Neoclassicism79.新现代主义：Neo-Moderns80.综合：synthesis81.大气层：atmosphere82.星座、星群：constellation83.露头：outcrop84.公路：roadway85.树苗:sapling86.繁茂、蔓延：thrive87.人行道：pavement88.地下河：underground river89.耕种的、种植的:cultivate90.地层：strata91.石灰岩：limestone92.市区：downtown93.侵蚀：erosion94.水文的：hydrologic95.水循环：hydrologic cycle96.野蛮、原始、原野：wilderness97.污染，界脏：contaminate98.污染物、致污染：contaminant99.悬浮物：suspended partical100.吸热：heat gain101外来的：exotic102.本地的,本土的,当地的：native103.农田：agricultural field104.木材：timber105.问题：issue106.耗尽、衰竭：deplete107.不能复原的，不能再生的：irretrievable108.城市化:urbanization109.毒性：toxicity110.孤岛现象：isolate p henomena111.装饰：embellishment112.漆透、渗入：permeate113.机会、有利环境:opportunity114.社会价值：social value115.大城市：metropolis116.不协调的：uncoordinated117.三维的:three-dimensionally118.线性:linear119.recreation:娱乐、休闲120.public park:公园绿地、城市公园121.sanitary:清洁的、卫生的122.a sunny landscape setting:阳光策观设施123.urban condition:城市条件、城市环境、城市建设124.stability:稳定性、坚定、恒心125.inasmuch:因为，由于126.facility:设施、设备127.aesthetic:审美的、美学的、有审美能力的128.estate value:房地产价值129.proximity:接近130.romantic:浪漫的131.drab：乏味的、单调的132.natural science:自然科学rmality:不拘礼节134.naturalism:自然主义135.romanticism:浪漫主义136.picturesque:adj独特的、生动的、图画般的137.curvilinear:曲线的138.rustic:有乡村居民特色的，朴素的139.Gothic:哥特式建筑的140.acommodations:住处、住房141.real estate:房地产、不动产142.rural scenery:田园风光143.pedestrain:步行人、走路的人144.secluded:安静的、幽僻的145.playgound:运动场146.physical fitness：身体健康、体力、身体适宜性147.play lot:儿童使用的游乐场地148.block：街区149.neighbourhood:邻里、邻近、周围、邻居关系150.neighbourhoods:邻居151.indoor/outdoor:室内/室外152.tot:儿童153.cily-wide：adj牿个城市的，城市性的，全市性的154.botanic:植物学的。
风景园林专业英语词汇总结
规划planning 草图sketch；rough map平面plan 剖面section 立面elevation透视perspective 示意图diagram 容积率coverage城市设计urban design; civic design 区域规划regional planning步行轴ped axis 总体规划general planning; master planning分区规划district planning 近期建设规划immediate plan城市详细规划detailed planning 控制性详细规划control detailed planning 修建性详细规划site plan 居住区规划residential district planning 城市化urbanization 城市生态urban ecology可持续发展sustainable development历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities旧城改建urban redevelopment 开发区development area城市化水平urbanization level 城市群agglomeration城镇体系urban system 卫星城satellite town城市基础设施urban infrastructure居民点settlement市municipality; city生态基础设施ecological infrastructure牧场pasture 市域administrative region of a city商业区commercial district 行政中心administration center商业街commercial street 科技园technological region校园规划campus planning 城市中心区urban center district居住单元flat 历史地段history district 民政区域civil district水警区waters guard district 居住区规划residential district planning护林区ranger district 工业区industrial district林木种子公园tree seed orchard快速公路thruway城市美学urban esthetics游憩空间esplanade系统工程systems engineering城市更新理论urban renewal theory绿地/绿化带greenbelt 绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage绿地率ratio of green space工厂绿化landscaping within factory广场绿化landscaping of square居住区绿化landscaping of residential area谷底植栽场improved vegetation & wild life公共建筑绿化landscaping around public building室内绿化indoor garden城市绿化urban virescence 城市绿化系统urban green space system公共绿地public green space 专用绿地specified green space防护绿地green buffer建筑空间architecture剧院show place; theater茶楼（馆caff；tea shop专卖店monopolistic shop博物馆museum电影院cinema；movie house商场emporium; shopping mall体育馆palaestra青少年宫callan house; children’s palace图书馆library棋牌室relaxation room健身房gymnasium书店book store客厅parlor阳台balcony浴室bathroom橱柜cabinet合院式建筑courtyard building餐厅dining-room; dining hall入口entrance厨房kitchen屋顶roof小孩房kid room儿童游乐室/玩具室dollhouse起居室living room门廊porch更衣室change room休息室pavilion私家花园private garden居民resident共享地带shared zone工人房servants hall比例scale元素element会议中心conference center园林景观view of the garden乔木arbor灌木shrub铺石band stone地下车库car park bellow曲线形铺地curved paving bands庭园cartilage; Garth标志牌(sign) courtyard identification sign 庭院courtyard瀑布fall 步道footpath园桥garden bridge园林garden and park草本植物herbage藤本植物liane蔓本植物liana砌石natural cut stone铺地pave亭，阁pavilion榭pavilion on terrace植被planting花坛planting beds大广场plaza台platform栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature林荫树shade trees楼storied building小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪turf；grass园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地区waterfront茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula常用的景观英文1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.4.水景WATER FEATURE5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE6.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-17.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING)8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN 9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE11.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-212.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE 15.休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER )16.休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER )17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE 18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD19.儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND 20.旱冰道SLIDE21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT 22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN 24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN25.观景台VIEWING DECK26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL27.极可意JACUZZI 28.嬉水池WADING POOL 29.儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING WALL 31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA 33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA34.桥BRIDGE 35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMATION 37.停车场PARING AREA38.特色花架TRELLIS 39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL40.(高尔夫)轻击区PUTTING GREEN 41.高尔夫球会所GOLF CLUBHOUSE42.每栋建筑入口ENTRANCE PAVING TO UNIT 43.篮球场BASKETBALL COURT44.网球场TENNIS COURT45.阶梯***/种植槽TERRACING SEATWALL/PLANTER46.广场MAIN PLAZA 47.森林、瀑布FOREST GARDEN WATERFALL48.石景园ROCKERY GARDEN 49.旱溪DRY STREAM 50.凉亭PAVILION51.户外淋浴OUTDOOR SHOWER 52.拉膜结构TENSILE STRUCTURE53.台阶STAIR 54.高尔夫球车停车场PARKING ( GOLF CAR )55.健身站EXERCISE STATION 56.晨跑小路JOGGING FOOTPATH57.车道/人行道DRIVEWAY /SIDEWALK 58.人行漫步道PROMENADE59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) WATER FALL AND DANCING FOUNTAIN ( ENTRY PLAZA )60.特色入口ENTRY FEATURE 61.石景广场ROCKERY PLAZA常用造价英语词汇估算/费用估算：estimate/cost estimate;估算类型：types of estimate;详细估算：是偏差幅度最小的估算，defined estimate;设备估算：equipment estimate;分析估算：analysis estimate;报价估算：roposal estimate;控制估算：control estimate;初期控制估算：interim control estimate/initial control estimate批准的控制估算：initial approved cost核定估算：check estimate首次核定估算：first check estimate二次核定估算：production check estimate人工时估算：man hour estimate材料费用/直接材料费用：material cost/direct material cost设备费用/设备购买费用：equipment cost/purchased cost of equipment散装材料费用/散装材料购买费用：bulk material cost/purchased cost of bulk material施工费用：construction cost施工人工费用：labor cost/construction force cost设备安装人工费用：labor cost associated with equipment散装材料施工安装人工费用：labor cost associated with bulk materials人工时估算定额：standard manhours施工人工时估算定额：standard labor manhours标准工时定额：standard hours劳动生产率：labor productivity/productivity factor/productivity ratio修正的人工时估算值：adjusted manhours人工时单价：manhours rate施工监督费用：cost of construction supervision施工间接费用：cost of contruction indirects分包合同费用/现场施工分包合同费用：subcontract cost/field subcontract cost公司本部费用：home office cost公司管理费用：overhead非工资费用：non payroll开车服务费用：cost of start-up services其他费用：other cost利润/预期利润：profit/expected profit服务酬金：service gains风险：risk风险分析：risk analysis风险备忘录：risk memorandum未可预见费：contingency基本未可预见费：average contingency最大风险未可预见费：maximum risk contingency用户变更/合同变更：cilent change/contract change认可的用户变更：approved client change待定的用户变更：pending client change项目变更：project change内部变更：internalchange批准的变更：authoried change强制性变更：mandatory change选择性变更：optional change内部费用转换：internal transfer认可的预计费用：anticipated approved cost 涨价值：escalation项目费用汇总报告：project cost summary report项目实施费用状态报告：project operation cost status report总价合同：lump sum contract 偿付合同：reimbursible contract预算：budget02.1 总论园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture造园学garden making, landscape gardening环境园艺学environmental horticulture 观赏园艺学ornamental horticulture 园林艺术garden art 园林美学garden aesthetics园林建筑学garden architecture 园林建筑garden building园林工程garden engineering园林植物landscape plant观赏植物ornamental plant盆景miniature landscape, penjing园林garden and park 园林学史history of garden architecture园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning 园林设计garden design园林机具设备gardening machine 园林管理garden management园林生态landscape ecology 绿化greening, planting环境绿化environmental greening绿地面积green area绿地率ratio of green space城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing街道绿化street greening, street planting车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening人行道绿化sidewalk greening群众绿化mass planting movement郊区绿化suburban greening公路绿化highway greening铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting堤岸种植bank planting阳台绿化balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening 屋顶绿化roof greening垂直绿化vertical greening攀缘绿化climber greening桥头绿化bridgehead greening花园garden蔷薇园rose garden专类花园specified flower garden 花园村garden village园林城市landscape garden city松柏园conifer garden 球根园bulb garden宿根园perennial garden假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery狩猎场hunting ground街心花园street crossing center garden小游园petty street garden 水景园water garden 铺地园paved garden野趣园wild plants botanical garden 野生植物园wild plants garden乡趣园rustic garden 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape动物园zoo, zoological garden墓园cemetery garden沼泽园bog and marsh garden水生植物园aquatic plants garden学校园school garden室内花园indoor garden芳香花园fragrant garden盲人花园garden for the blind公园park, public park城市公园city park, urban park 区公园regional park儿童公园children park体育公园sports park 森林公园forest park纪念公园memorial park烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park综合公园comprehensive park文化公园cultural park文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park中央公园central park天然公园natural park海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park古迹公园historic site park河滨公园riverside park湖滨公园lakeside park路边公园roadside park, street park娱乐公园amusement park雕塑公园sculpture park休憩公园recreation park疗养公园sanatorium park国家公园national park邻里公园neighborhood park特种公园special park植物园botanical garden植物公园abeled plants park高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden 绿地green space公共绿地public green space单位绿地unit green area城市绿地urban green space街道广场绿地street and square green area居住区绿地residential quarter green area防护绿地green area for environmental protection郊区绿地suburban green space 街坊绿地residential block green belt附属绿地attached green space 生产绿地productive plantation area苗圃nursery风景landscape, scenery自然景观natural landscape人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities草原景观prairie landscape山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape 湖泊景观lake view2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape地质景观geological landscape喀斯特景观karst landscape植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape02.2.1 中国园林史2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta02.2.2 西方园林史西方古典园林western classical garden意大利式园林Italian style garden英国式园林English style garden 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden 法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden, patio2.0140 绿廊xystus迷阵maze, labyrinth典型中西园林2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden2.0144 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 阿房宫E-Pang Palace2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden景view, scenery, feature远景distant view 近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景leaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature 主景main feature 副景secondary feature 配景objective view前景front view背景background 景序order of sceneries景点feature spot, view spot仰视景观upward landscape俯视景观downward landscape 季相景观seasonal phenomena气象景观meteorological diversity scenery 视野visual field秋色fall color, autumn color园林空间garden space开敞空间wide open space, wide space封闭空间enclosure space意境artistic conception, poetic imagery 苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness, airiness 动观in-motion viewing静观in-position viewing视错觉visual illusion园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden 对称平衡symmetrical balance2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance左右对称bilateral symmetry2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry透景线perspective line2.0198 轴线axis, axial line 主轴main axis 2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis树冠线skyline园林色彩艺术art of garden colors单色谐调monochromatic harmony复色谐调compound chromatic harmony对比色突出contrast colors accent 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony 暖色warm color 冷色cool color 色感color sense城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning绿地系统green space system公共绿地定额public green space quota公共绿地指标public green space norm 绿地布局green space layout吸引圈attractive circle 吸引距离attractive distance有效半径effective radius 绿地资源green space resource绿地效果green space effect绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space空间规划space planning 形象规划image plan2.0224 实施规划implementary plan2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space2.0227 利用频度usage frequency2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs2.0229 绿地类型type of green space2.0230 环状绿型annular green space2.0231 块状绿地green plot2.0232 点状绿地green spot2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space2.0236 防音绿地noise proof green space2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory2.0238 园林保留地reserve garden2.0239 公园规划park planning2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning2.0241 总平面规划site planning2.0242 园林分区garden zoning2.0243 安静休息区tranquil rest area2.0244 儿童活动区children playing space2.0245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot2.0246 体育运动区sports activities area2.0247 野餐区picnic place2.0248 散步区pedestrian space2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square2.0250 观赏植物区ornamental plants area2.0251 观赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area2.0252 草坪区lawn space绿荫区shade tree section 历史古迹区historical relics area2.0255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area诱鸟区bird sanctuary area钓鱼区fishing center 野营区camp site游人中心visitors center 服务中心service center探险游乐场adventure ground 文化活动区cultural activities area道路系统approach system, road system环形道路系统circular road system 方格形道路系统latticed road system放射形道路系统radiate road system自然式道路系统informal road system 2.0268 规整式道路系统formal road system混合式道路系统mixed style road system 园林规划图garden planning map 园林规划说明书garden planning direction城市公园系统urban park system 公园分布distribution of parks 公园类型park type, park category公园间距distance between parks 公园形式park styles游览区excursion area, open-to-public area 非游览区no-admittance area办公区administrative area服务区service center2.0281 动休息区dynamic rest space 静休息区static rest space娱乐演出区entertaining performance place 主要入口main entrance次要入口secondary entrance 人流量visitors flowrate车流量vehicle flowrate 公园道路park road 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio游人容纳量visitors capacity风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation风景学scenicology风景规划landscape plan风景设计landscape design游览路线touring route 旅游资源tourism resource2旅游地理tourism geography旅游地质tourism geology2 历史名城famous historical city文化名城famous cultural city2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic天然博物馆natural open museum风景地貌natural geomorphology造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot森林风景区forest scenic spot 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot 2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot 江河风景区river landscape district湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area02.5 园林设计2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map2.0328 种植设计planting design2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design造价分析cost analysis园林形式garden style 规整式园林formal garden style非规整园林informal garden style几何式园林geometric garden style自然式园林natural garden style 混合式园林mixed garden style近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden园林区划garden area division 园林分区规划garden block planning庭院花园courtyard garden前庭front yard, forecourt后庭back yard, rear yard 中庭patio 厨园kitchen yard沉[床]园sunken garden 窗园window garden 墙园wall garden宅园home garden 台地园terrace garden后花园back yard garden冬园winter garden 切花园cut flower garden 屋顶花园roof garden园林地形改造topographical reform of garden土山earth piled hill, artificial mound假山rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone 黄石yellowish brown stone 人造假山石artificial stone,man-made stone孤赏石monolith, standing stone 掇山piled stone hill, hill making叠石stones laying 板石flag stone2.0366 散点石scattered stone抱角石corner stone 屋基石foundation stone排衙石guard stone屏石screen stone石岸rock bank石阶stone steps汀步stepping stone on water surface附壁石stone appended to wall石花台stone flower bed石凳stone bench2.0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall干砌石dry stone wall假山石楼梯rock stairway石亭stone pavilion 石洞stone cavern石窟grotto2.0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout2.0384 拱石arch stone2.0385 拱顶石key stone2.0386 园林水景water scenes of garden2.0387 水体water body2.0388 水面water surface2.0389 水池pool2.0390 水塘pond 喷泉fountain2.0392 喷水池fountain pool2.0393 涉水池wading pool2.0394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool2.0395 睡莲池water-lily pool2.0396 喷水管布置piping schema2.0397 钓鱼塘fishing pond2.0398 高水位池塘high water table pond2.0399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool2.0400 隐头喷泉secret fountain2.0401 岛园island garden半岛园peninsula garden小岛isle瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade 湖lake 矶rock projecting over water水帘洞water curtain cave园桥garden bridge拱桥arch bridge石板桥stone slab bridge2.0412 木板桥plank bridge圆木桥log bridge亭桥pavilion bridge曲桥zigzag bridge 壁泉wall fountain饮水喷头drinking fountain植物配植plant arrangement树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs群植group planting, mass planting孤植specimen planting, isolated planting丛植clump planting2.0423 组植group planting林植forest planting列植linear planting对植opposite planting, coupled planting 环植circular planting带植belt planting 散植scattered planting, loose planting边缘种植edge planting边界种植boundary planting整形种植architectural planting2.0433 基础种植foundation planting2.0434 角隅种植corner planting2.0435 景框种植planting as enframent2.0436 门卫种植guard planting2.0437 篱恒种植fence planting2.0438 障景种植screen planting2.0439 背景种植background planting.0440 林下种植underwood planting2.0441 路边种植roadside planting2.0442 绿篱hedge2.0443 树墙espalie 庭荫树shade tree园景树specimen tree.风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest行道树avenue tree, street tree 纪念林memorial forest整型树topiary tree花篱flower hedge’刺篱thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱evergreen hedge落叶绿篱deciduous hedge高篱high hedge2.0455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence2.0456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge2.0457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge2.0458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge2.0459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge2.0460 边篱boundary fence2.0461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge2.0462 纯林pure forest2.0463 混交林mixed forest2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland杂木林spinney 树冠覆盖面tree canopy 草坪lawn 整形草坪formal lawn 2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn 牧场草坪meadowy land 花坛flower bed 2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed2.0473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed时钟花坛flower clock 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed高设花台raised flower bed 毛毡花坛carpet bed镶嵌花坛mosaic bed铺石花坛paved bed灌木花坛shrub bed图案花坛群parterre2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed2.0483 花结花坛knot bed整形花坛formal flower bed花境flower border 花桶flower tub2.0487 植树箱planting box2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed瓶饰garden vase 灌木花境shrub border混合花境mixed border园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design漫步路trail, footway 小径alley, path川草坪岛lawn island 安全岛traffic island, refuge island2.0497 转弯曲度turning curvature 转弯半径turning radius踏面landing pitch步石stepping stone2.0501 涉水踏步wading step错铺路crazy paving path随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random 花纹路pattern path2.0505 林荫路mall林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway 林间小道path in woodland种植池planting bed树池保护格栅tree grate 树干保护套栏tree guard树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting路面线纹score line传统园林建筑traditional garden building凉亭summer shelter活树亭arbor, tent arbor 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion茅亭thatched pavilion 竹亭bamboo pavilion茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk 回廊cloister水廊corridor on water曲廊zigzag veranda2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery楼廊two-storied gallery 画舫painted pleasure boat石舫stone boat不击舟immovable pleasure boat诗条石poem-engraved stone slab 月洞门moon gate扶手栏杆handrail坐凳栏杆seat rail石碑stone tablet, stele园林露天剧场open garden theater园林露天舞池open garden dancing place2.0536 露天音乐台outdoor music stand2.0537 眺望台prospect deck繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse 展览温室public conservatory2.0540 月池new-moon pool2.0541 园林小品small garden ornaments磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet2.0543 园椅garden chair, garden seat园凳garden bench 园桌garden table 园灯garden lamp日规sundial 鸟浴bird bath.鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box鸟笼bird cage, bird coop 悬篮hanging basket 野鸟喂食器bird feeder额匾horizontal inscribed board楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar2.0555 引露天烤炉open barbecue2.0556 树棚living-tree pergola花架pergola 花格架trellis, treillage点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway园林施工garden layout, garden construction种植工程planting engineering大树移植big tree transplanting裸根移植bare root transplanting土球移植ball transplanting2.0565 沟植trench planting2.0566 假植heeling in, temporary planting播种草坪seeding lawn2.0568 铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn2.0569 假山工程rockery engineering2.0570 掇山五法five methods" of rock piling2.0571 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced2.0572 前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 上轻下重法method of lowering the center of gravity of rocks2.0574 纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins2.0575 石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials2.0576 观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub2.0577 观叶植物foliage plant2.0578 观果植物fruit-effect plant2.0579 观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches2.0580 指示植物indicating plant2.0581 主景植物accent plant2.0582 耐湿植物damp tolerant plant2.0583 抗风植物wind-resistant plant2.0584 耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plan 市花city flower2.0586 市树city tree国花national flower2.0588 国树national tree2.0589 芳香植物fragrant plant2.0590 抗污染植物pollution resistant plant2.0591 环保植物environment protecting plant2.0592 高山植物alpine plant2.0593 岩生植物rock plant2.0594 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber 地被植物ground cover plant阴生植物shade plant装饰植物decorative plant2.0598装缘植物edging plant2.0599 绿蓠植物hedge plant 草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass2.0601 花坛植物bedding plant 球根植物bulbous plant宿根植物perennial plant, perennial水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte2.0605 旱生植物xerophyte2.0606 沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant2.0607 室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant2.0608 切花cut flower2.0609 垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant2.0610 缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant针叶植物needle-leaved plant2.0612 阔叶植物broad-leaved plant斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant2.0614 松柏植物conifer2.0615 常绿植物evergreen plant2.0616 半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant2.0617 不耐寒植物tender plant2.0618 半耐寒植物half-hardy plant2.0619 耐寒植物hardy plant2.0620 耐旱植物drought enduring plant2.0621 山石材料stone material2.0622 昆山石Kunshan stone2.0623 钟乳石stalactite2.0624 灵壁石Lingbi stone2.0625 英德石Yingde stone2.0626 青石Qing stone2.0627 宣石Xuan stone2.0628 房山石Fangshan stone2.0629 观赏动物ornamental animal2.0630 观赏鸟类ornamental bird2.0631 观赏兽类ornamental beast2.0632 观赏昆虫类ornamental insect园林机械garden machine园林工具garden instrument, garden implement园林设备garden equipment 花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider种植容器planting container 圆木桩log peg 喷射装置jet bubbler滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator环动喷灌器circle sprinkler圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler 自控器automatic controller管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler 固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage 草坪加肥器lawn feeder施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner滴水喷头emitter, dripper 水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net苗木包装材料nursery stock package material麻布袋burlap bag 铁丝篮wire basket篮状种植器basket container 塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican播种盘seed tray网孔盆mesh pot含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot盆栽机potting machine换盆机repotting machine 再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container2.0664 纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower2.0665 泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter2.0666 松土除草机cultivator 旋转锄rotary hoe2.0668 切叶机foliage cutter 翻地犁uncovering plough2.0670 盖土机mounted spreader 前悬装土机front mounted loader2.0672 后缀装土机rear mounted loader 旋轴剪草机spindle mower2.0674 栽植机planting machine 植物覆盖plant mulching2.0676 覆盖物分散机mulch spreader 种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder2.0678 修枝剪pruning shear播种器garden seeder2.0680 球根种植器bulb planter 土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer2.0682 巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer 嫁接刀grafting knife2.0684 温室设备greenhouse equipment 盆栽灌水系统pot watering system温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller温室覆盖greenhouse covering喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system二氧化碳发生器C02 generator温度报警钟temperature alarm游览车park sightseeing bus引剪草机lawn mower动力剪草机power lawnmower畜力剪草机horse lawnmower手推剪草机hand lawnmower游人调查visitors investigation 游人统计visitors statistics游人分析garden visitors analysis 游人管理visitors management导游图tourist map 导游解说tour descri ption and direction劳动管理labour management 物资管理material handling, goods handling设备管理equipment management, facility management财务管理financial management 安全管理safety management环境监测environmental monitor植物养护管理plant maintenance and management质量管理quality management园貌维修garden feature maintenance植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning植物病虫防治disease and insect control 园林管理规划management plan 游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions 游人规则visitors regulation园内交通管理traffic control in park园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance汽车停车规则parking rules 自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules开放时间opening time日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management2.0723 人类生态环境human ecological environment2.0724 自然系统natural system自然资源natural resource2.0726 自然保护conservation of nature自然保存natural preservation2.0728 环境保护environmental protection环境容量environment capacity环境适宜性environment fitness 环境空气质量标准ambient air quality2.0732 共生symbiosis 互惠共生mutualism2.0734 公害public nuisance 生态绝灭ecological extinction2.0736 生态系统ecosystem 生态圈ecosphere2.0738 生态灾难ecological disaster 环境质量environmental quality2.0740 环境压力environment stress生命维持系统life-support system反馈系统feedback system 自养生物autotroph 异养生物heterotroph食物链foodchain 生物圈biosphere主体群落major community濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant2.0749人工群落artificial community 绿色革命green revolution户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource原始环境系统wilderness environment system近代环境系统modern environment system乡村生活模式country life-pattern烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution雾害fog pollution 霜害frost injury 水污染water pollution土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination园林小气候garden microclimate2.0761 环境保护植物environmental conservation plant引气候调节climatic regulation 自动调节机能homeostasis2.0764 生态平衡ecological homeostasis 森林生态系统forest ecosystem2.0766 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem滞尘植物dust holding plantAccessibility 可达性Accessible route 易达的路线advance notice 事先通知aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerobic digesters 需氧消化池aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏aesthetic controls 审美控制aggregate base 混合基础AIA 美国建筑师协会Anaerobic digesters 厌氧分解池APA 美国规划师协会arterial streets 主干道as-built records 施工记录ASLA 美国景观建筑师协会axioms 原理athletic facility 运动设施average walking distance 平均步行距离backfill 回填backhoe 挖沟机bar charts 横道图barrier design 障碍设计beams 大梁bearing capacity 承载力benchmarks 水准点billing 帐簿biodiversity 生物多样性bioengineering 生物工程biomass 生物量bioretention ponds 生物滞留池boardwalks 栈桥bonding company 担保公司bonuses 奖金boundary definition 边界确定boundary survey 边界测量brown fields 褐色土地bulldozers 推土机business development 商业开发business parks 商业园区cadastral survey 地籍测量camping 野营candlepower 烛光度cantilevered wall 悬臂墙cascading waterfalls瀑布叠水certificates of payment 付款证明书certifications of compliance 应允证明书cesspools 化粪池，污水坑，污水渗井，粪坑change orders 变更单changes, unauthorized 未经同意的变更channels, stormwater 雨水沟渠，槽，渠道circulation control 循环控制circulation patterns 环流模式clay lenses 粘土防渗层clay soil 粘土clean-up 清扫，清理，清除，提纯，净化clearing and grubbing 清理和除根client 业主climate zones 气候带closeout 竣工cluster treatment systems 集中式污水处理系统co-ordinates 坐标cold 寒带collected rainwater 收集起来的雨水collector streets 次干道colloidal soil 胶质土壤commercial center design 商业中心设计communication 电信community commercial 社区商业community facility standards 社区设施标准community parks and recreation planning data 社区公园和文娱体育规划资料connected imperviousness 连续的非渗透地面community scale 社区尺度community standards 社区标准compaction 压实competition pools 竞赛用游泳池composting toilets 堆肥厕所conceptualization 概念化concrete crib wall 混凝土格笼墙cones of vision 视锥conservation standards 保护标准constructed wetlands 人工湿地construction 施工brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙stone walls 石头墙wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏construction document 施工文件construction layout 施工布局construction observation 施工监理construction permits 施工许可construction sequence 施工顺序construction survey 施工测量。
风景园林专业英语作文
风景园林专业英语作文英文回答：Landscape Architecture: A Symbiosis of Art, Science, and Sustainability.Landscape architecture is a multifaceted disciplinethat encompasses the planning, design, and management of outdoor spaces. It is a synthesis of art, science, and sustainability, encompassing both the aesthetic and functional aspects of the built environment.As an art, landscape architecture involves the creation of aesthetically pleasing spaces that enhance the human experience. Landscape architects utilize elements such as plant material, water features, and hardscaping to produce designs that are both visually appealing and functional.Science plays a crucial role in landscape architecture, providing the understanding and tools necessary to createsustainable and resilient landscapes. Landscape architects consider factors such as hydrology, ecology, and soil science to ensure that their designs respect the natural environment and promote biodiversity.Sustainability is at the heart of landscape architecture. Landscape architects seek to minimize the environmental impact of their designs by incorporating sustainable practices such as water conservation, renewable energy, and green infrastructure. They strive to create landscapes that are both beautiful and environmentally responsible.中文回答：风景园林专业，艺术、科学与可持续性的共生。
风景园林(景观设计)专业英语(第二版)0802专业英语教案(最新整理)
教师教案( 2007—2008学年第一学期 )课程名称：专业外语授课学时：48授课班级：园林艺术设计051、052、053任课教师：XXX浙江林学院园林学院课程名称专业外语年级05级课程编号(2007-2008-2)-040023005-0402006-1授课专业班级园林051，052修课人数必修课学科基础课 ( ) ；专业基础课 ( ) ；专业课 ( )课程类型选修课专选课 (√ ) ；公选课 ( )授课方式理论课 (√) ；实践课 ()考核方式考试 ( )考查 (√ )课程教学总学时数学时40学分 2.5学时分配课堂讲授 40 学时（含学生发言讨论）教材名称自编教材《园林专业英语》王欣浙江林学院园林学院2006教学参考书Landscape rchitectureDesign on the Land《西方现代景观设计的理论和实践》，，LandscapeArchitectureJohn O.SimondsNormanT.Newton王向荣林箐ASLAMcGraw-HillThe Belknap Pressof HarvardUniversity Press中国建筑工业出版社期刊199719712001授课教师王欣职称副教授学科风景园林规划与设授课时间学3102（星期二上午1~2节）,学6201（星期三上午3～4节）周次第一周 2008年2月25日2007年3月2日教学时数4章节1、Introduction：Landscape Architect Harmony with the Living Earth教学目的及要求1、让学生了解本课学习内容和范围2、介绍学习方法3、Harmony with the Living Earth教学重点与难点重点：西方Landscape Architect专业的工作范围难点：个别句子教学手段及教学方法讲课、提问多媒体教学作业复习和预习，寻找相关网络资源分组，5人一组，自愿原则。
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园林学landscape architecture，garden architecture 园林garden and park
绿化greening，planting
城市绿化urban greening，urban planting
城市绿地urban green space
公园绿地public park
公园park
儿童公园children park
动物园zoo
植物园botanical garden
墓园cemetery garden
盆景园penjng garden，miniature landscape
盲人公园park for the blind
花园garden
历史名园historical garden and park
风景名胜公园famous scenic park
纪念公园memorial park
街旁绿地roadside green space
带状公园linear park
专类公园theme park
岩石园rock garden
社区公园community park
生产绿地productive plantation area
防护绿地green buffer，green area for environmental protection
附属绿地attached green space
居住绿地green space attached to housing estate，residential green space
道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square
屋顶花园roof garden
立体绿化vertical planting
风景林地scenic forest land
城市绿地系统urban green space system
城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 绿化覆盖面积green coverage
绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage
绿地率greening rate，ratio of green space
绿带green belt
楔形绿地green wedge
城市绿线boundary line of urban green space
园林史landscape history，garden history
古典园林classical garden
囿hunting park
苑imperial park
皇家园林royal garden
私家园林private garden
寺庙园林monastery garden
园林艺术garden art
相地site investigation
造景landscaping
借景borrowed scencry，view borrowing
园林意境poetic imagcry of garden
透景线perspective line
盆景miniature landscape，penjing
插花flower arrangement
季相seasonal appearance of plant
园林规划garden planning，landscaping planning 园林布局garden layout
园林设计garden design
公园最大游人量maximum visitors capacity in park 地形设计topographical design
园路设计garden path design
种植设计planting design
孤植specimen planting，isolated planting
对植Opposite planting，coupled planting
列植linear planting
群植group planting，mass planting
园林植物landscape plant
观赏植物ornamental plant
古树名木historical tree and famous wood species 地被植物ground cover plant
攀缘植物climbing plant，climber
温室植物greenhouse plant
花卉flowering plant
行道树avenue tree，street tree
草坪lawn
绿篱hedge
花篱flower hedge
花境flower border
人工植物群落man-made planting habitat
园林建筑garden building
园林小品small garden ornaments
园廊veranda，gallery，colonnade
水榭waterside pavilion
舫boat house
园亭garden pavilion，pavilion
园台platform
月洞门moon gate
花架pergola，trellis
园林楹联couplet written on scroll，couplet on pillar 园林匾额bian'e in garden
园林工程garden engineering
绿化工程plant engineering
大树移植big tree transplanting
假植heeling in，temporary planting
基础种植foundation planting
种植成活率ratio of living tree
适地适树planting according to the environment 造型修剪topiary
园艺horticulture
假山rockwork，artificial hill
置石stone arrangement，stone layout
掇山piled stone hill，hill making
塑山man-made rock work
园林理水water system layout in garden
驳岸revetment in garden
喷泉fountain
风景名胜区landscape and famous scenery
国家重点风景名胜区national park of China
风景名胜区规划landscape and famous scenery planning 风景名胜famous scenery，famous scenic site
风景资源scenery resource
景物view，feature
景点feature spot，view spot
景区scenic zone
景观landscape，scenery
游览线touring route
环境容量environmental capacity
国家公园national park。