戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(形态学)【圣才】
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III. Morphemes（词素） 【考点：名词解释】 1. Definition（定义） Some words are formed by combining a number of distinct units of meaning. The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. In English a single word may consist of one or more morphemes.
I. Definition of morphology（形态学定义） 【考点：名词解释】
Morphology studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which
2 / 32
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
www.100xuexi.com
第 3 章 形态学
3.1 复习笔记
本章要点： 1. Open class and closed class
开放词类与封闭词类 2. Morpheme
语素 3. Analyzing word structure
分析词语结构 4. Derivational and inflectional morphemes
派生和曲折语素 5. Morphological rules of word formation
词语构成的形态规则 6. Derivation
派生 7. Compounds
合成词
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
本章考点：
1 / 32
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
www.100xuexi.com
词法的定义；封闭词与开放词；曲折词与派生词；构词法(合成与派生)；词素的定义； 词素变体；自由词素；粘着词素。
www.100xuexi.com
words are formed, including inflection and word formation. 形态学研究词的内部结构以及构词规则，包括屈折变化和构词法两个领域。
II. Open class and closed class（开放类和封闭类） 1. Open class words: in English, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary. They are the content words of a language. 开放性词类：在英语中，名词、动词、形容词和副词占词汇的绝大部分。它们是一门语 言中的实义词，经常有新词产生。 2. Closed class words: The other syntactic categories include “grammatical” or “functional” words. Conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns consist of relatively few words and new words are not usually added to them. 封闭性词类：其他的句法范畴包括“语法性的”或者“功能性的”词。连词、介词、冠 词和代词相对较少，通常不会增加新词。
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
www.100xuexi.com
有些词是通过几个不同的意义单位组合而构成的。传统上把意义的最基本成分称为词 素。
在英语中，一个词可以由一个或多个词素组成。 如：一个词素 desire 两个词素 desire+able 三个词素 desire+able+ity 四个词素 un+desire+able+ity 2. Classification（分类） (1) Some morphemes like desire can constitute words by themselves, which are called free morphemes. (2) Others like -un and -able are never words but always parts of words which are called bound morphemes. (1)有些词素，如 desire 可以独自成词，叫自由词素。 (2)其他的如-un 和-able 从来就不是词，只是单词的组成部分，叫粘着词素。 3. Allomorph（语素变体） The variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has two forms: “a” before a word that begins with a consonant and “an” before a word that begins with a vowel. 语素的不同变化形式。
本章内容索引： I. Definition of morphology II. Open class and close class III. Morphemes
1. Definition 2. Classification IV. Analyzing word structure 1. Roots 2. Affixes V. Derivational and inflectional morphemes VI. Morphological rules of word formation 1. Morphological rule 2. Productive morphological rule VII. Derivation VIII. Compounds
III. Morphemes（词素） 【考点：名词解释】 1. Definition（定义） Some words are formed by combining a number of distinct units of meaning. The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. In English a single word may consist of one or more morphemes.
I. Definition of morphology（形态学定义） 【考点：名词解释】
Morphology studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which
2 / 32
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
www.100xuexi.com
第 3 章 形态学
3.1 复习笔记
本章要点： 1. Open class and closed class
开放词类与封闭词类 2. Morpheme
语素 3. Analyzing word structure
分析词语结构 4. Derivational and inflectional morphemes
派生和曲折语素 5. Morphological rules of word formation
词语构成的形态规则 6. Derivation
派生 7. Compounds
合成词
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
本章考点：
1 / 32
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
www.100xuexi.com
词法的定义；封闭词与开放词；曲折词与派生词；构词法(合成与派生)；词素的定义； 词素变体；自由词素；粘着词素。
www.100xuexi.com
words are formed, including inflection and word formation. 形态学研究词的内部结构以及构词规则，包括屈折变化和构词法两个领域。
II. Open class and closed class（开放类和封闭类） 1. Open class words: in English, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary. They are the content words of a language. 开放性词类：在英语中，名词、动词、形容词和副词占词汇的绝大部分。它们是一门语 言中的实义词，经常有新词产生。 2. Closed class words: The other syntactic categories include “grammatical” or “functional” words. Conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns consist of relatively few words and new words are not usually added to them. 封闭性词类：其他的句法范畴包括“语法性的”或者“功能性的”词。连词、介词、冠 词和代词相对较少，通常不会增加新词。
3 / 32
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
www.100xuexi.com
有些词是通过几个不同的意义单位组合而构成的。传统上把意义的最基本成分称为词 素。
在英语中，一个词可以由一个或多个词素组成。 如：一个词素 desire 两个词素 desire+able 三个词素 desire+able+ity 四个词素 un+desire+able+ity 2. Classification（分类） (1) Some morphemes like desire can constitute words by themselves, which are called free morphemes. (2) Others like -un and -able are never words but always parts of words which are called bound morphemes. (1)有些词素，如 desire 可以独自成词，叫自由词素。 (2)其他的如-un 和-able 从来就不是词，只是单词的组成部分，叫粘着词素。 3. Allomorph（语素变体） The variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has two forms: “a” before a word that begins with a consonant and “an” before a word that begins with a vowel. 语素的不同变化形式。
本章内容索引： I. Definition of morphology II. Open class and close class III. Morphemes
1. Definition 2. Classification IV. Analyzing word structure 1. Roots 2. Affixes V. Derivational and inflectional morphemes VI. Morphological rules of word formation 1. Morphological rule 2. Productive morphological rule VII. Derivation VIII. Compounds