初中英语被动语态讲解

被动语态专题

◆定义

语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。

主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。

◆被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

◆被动语态的时态：

“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表：

◆主动语态变被动语态的方法

第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。

第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。

第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”，时态不变。

第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。

请对比下面的主动句和被动句：

主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China.

被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China.

随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）

1.Bruce writes a letter every week.

→

2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.

→

3.We grow trees every spring.

→

4.My mother cleans our room every morning.

→

补充：

①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。

用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring …….

用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook ……

随堂演练：

（1）He gave me a book.

→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)

→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)

（2）My father bought me a new bike.

→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)

→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)

②S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。

补充：

在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。

使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have, let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）

I saw him play football on the playground just now.

→He was seen to play football on the playground by me.

随堂演练：

1. We saw them _______(play) football.

They _______ _______ ______ _______ football.

2. We often hear her _______(sing) in English.

She_____ often _____ _____ ____ in English.

另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。

I can hear him singing.

He ________ _______ ______ _______.

◆被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句

The photos were taken in Japan.

①(改为否定句)

②（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）

◆被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

My bike was stolen yesterday.

(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。

The pen was used by my father.

【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place等，没有被动语态。

◆被动语态注意点

➢含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。

She took good care of her grandmother.

→Her grandmother was taken good care of by her.

随堂演练

1.People often talk about that film.

That film is often talked ______.

2.He looks after me very well.

I ________________________________.

3. The nurse took good care of the sick man.

The sick man __________________.