初中英语被动语态专项讲解

初中英语被动语态专项讲解

初中英语被动语态专项讲解

一、语态概述

语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态

主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）eg：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。eg：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。)

各种时态的被动语态构成：

1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词

Eg：I'm asked to take care of myself.

Football is played all over the world

2.一般过去时：was／were＋及物动词的过去分词

Eg：This house was built in 1958.

His leg was broken in an accident.

3.一般将来时：will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词

Eg：More factories will be built in our city.

He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.

4.现在进行时：am／is／are being＋及物动词的过去分词.

Eg： A road is being built around the mountain.

Many new houses are being built in this city

5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词

Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there.

We were being trained this time last year.

6.现在完成时：have／has been＋及物动词的过去分词

Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages.

The prices of many goods have been cut again .

7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词

Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.

8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.

三、被动语态的基本用法

一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：

1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。

eg：1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

2).This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

谈谈几种特殊的被动结构

1.当句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语（唯一宾语）”时，把宾语提到句首做主语，然后把谓语改成被动语态形式，最后把原主语变为宾格至于介词by之后。实际运用中by短语常被省略。

Eg：1.We finish our homework in the evening .

2.Our homework is finished in the evening .

2. 当句子结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语(表示人的)+直接宾语（表示物的）”时，一般把间接宾语变为主语，而直接宾语不变，这样句子显得自然些。如果把直接宾语作为主语，那么在间接宾语前应加介词to或for.

Eg:1.She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主动) →

I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)

A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)

2.My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动) →

I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)

A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)

注意：

1).间接宾语前需要加for的动词，

buy ,sing ,catch ,find ,get,drow ,cook ,keep ,make，offer 等。

2).间接宾语前需要加to的动词，

bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,write ,take ,teach ,tell ,thow ,lend,send ,return 等

3.当句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”把主动态变成被动态时，只需将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语，而原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动态句子的"主语补足语"了

eg：1.They asked me to help them. →I was asked to help them.

2.Now people can use computers to help them →.

comouter can be used to help them .

3.We must keep the room clean . → The room must be kept clean .

4.We saw them coming over. →They were seen coming over.

如果复合宾语是由“宾语+不带to的动词不定式”构成，变为被动语态时，动词不定式前的to 要补出来。常见的这类动词有：一感（feel），二听（hear，listen to ）三让（let ,make ,have ）四看（watch ,see ,notice ,observe,+look at ）但动词为let时，to仍可省略。

Eg:1.The story made us laugh . →We were made to laugh by the story.

2.The teacher let the little boy go home . →

The little boy was let (to) go home .

4.含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动语态变成被动语态时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

Eg： We can repair this watch in two days. →

This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once. → It should be done at once.

The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.

5.短语动词的被动语态：

一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多“不及物动词+副词或介词”构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉。

Eg：1.He turned on the radio just now. →The radio was turned on just now .

2.They take good care of the babies . →The babies are taken care of.

3.The look after the babies . →The babies are looked after .

6.含有宾语从句的主动语态改为被动语态时，有两种改写方法：

1）.用it做被动语态的形式主语，宾语从句保持不变.

2）.将主动句中的宾语从句的主语改为被动语态的主语，从句的谓语部分变为不定式。这时的动