2018年高考英语(北师大版 福建专用)总复习课时规范练14 Word版含解析

课时规范练14Unit7(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production,distribution,and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance,buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机) for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the governments’ point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
1.By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that .
A.the weight of e-goods is rather small
B.e-waste deserves to be made good use of
C.natural minerals contain more precious metals
D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
2.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended.
A.from producers to governments
B.from governments to producers
C.from individuals to distributors
D.from distributors to governments
3.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The increase in e-waste.
B.The creation of e-waste.
C.The seriousness of e-waste.
D.The management of e-waste.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018·湖南长沙一模)
I worked on boats for twenty five years.Now I am a docking pilot (码头领航员).My job is to 1 in the large luxury liners (轮船) and stay with them until they are 2 stopped in the harbour.Sometimes this requires two tugs (拖船),sometimes many more,3 the tide and the weather.
Most of you no4 have seen these tugs pushing and pulling at the big liners.What they are doing doesn’t seem to make much 5,as the minute the big boat is alongside the port,her heavy rope made fast,the job is 6.
I felt very7 after I had docked several of the large liners.I realised I was in 8 of a great ship worth millions of dollars and the 9 were depending on me to bring her safely to the port.These tugs,whether one or ten,10 about in accord with (与……一致) whistle signals I 11 them from the bridge of the big liner.These signals make up a language that is just as 12 as the spoken word,or even more so,13 our docking signals are hardly misunderstood.The captain of each tug does his work according to the signals he 14.He never asks questions.He takes 15 faithfully,and it 16 works out.
Working around tugboats,where so much depends on17,has had its effect on what I believe.I believe that if I am to attain a 18 place in the world I must have the help of my fellow men just as the great transatlantic (横跨大西洋的) liners depend on the 19 of the little tugs to bring them safely to the 20.
1.A.putB.push
C.bring
D.join
2.A.safely B.dangerously
C.immediately
D.illegally
3.A.adding to B.letting alone
C.thinking of
D.depending on
4.A.wonder B.doubt
C.need
D.exception
5.A.sense B.profit
C.progress
D.advance
6.A.prepared B.lost
C.planned
D.done
7.A.bored B.meaningless
C.important
D.tired
8.A.control B.praise
C.defence
D.place
9.A.clerks B.sportsmen
C.readers
D.owners
10.A.look B.move
C.hear
D.worry
11.A.write B.send
C.mail
D.bring
12.A.dependable B.incredible
C.doubtful
D.visible
13.A.though B.if
C.while
D.because
14.A.gives B.spreads
C.receives
D.passes
15.A.nothing B.anything
C.something
D.everything
16.A.never B.ever
C.always
D.seldom
17.A.imagination B.creation
C.teamwork
D.performance
18.A.successful B.frustrating
C.regretful
D.embarrassing
19.A.prevention B.help
C.objection
D.delay
20.A.airport B.station
C.port
D.stop
〚导学号07020025〛Ⅲ.语法填空
(2018·江西五市八校第二次联考)
The Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the 1. (large) of the Earth’s oceans,2. (cover) about 46% of the Earth’s water surface and 32% of its total surface area.It extends 3. the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south,surrounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.
The Pacific Ocean contains about 25,000 islands.The 4. (major) of them are found south of the equator.5. water near the equator is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes (中纬度) for 6. (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.
The surface circulation of Pacific waters is 7. (general) clockwise (顺时针方向的) in the Northern Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
The exploitation of the Pacific’s mineral wealth is various,8. is influenced by the ocean’s great depths.In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand,natural gas is produced,and pearls 9. (harvest) along the coasts of Australia,Japan and the Philippines.One more thing worth 10. (mention) is that the Pacific’s greatest wealth is its fish.
〚导学号07020026〛Ⅳ.书面表达
假定你是李华,正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程,遇到一些困难,希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。

根据学校规定,你需书面预约,请按下列要点写一封信:
1.本人简介;
2.求助内容;
3.约定时间;
4.你的联系方式(Phone:12345678)。

注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头语和结束语已为你写好,不计入总词数。

Dear Sir or Madam,
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua 答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。

面对越来越多的电子垃圾,应该怎么办?谁来负责?
生产商?分销商?政府?个人?
1.B推理判断题。

根据第二段后半部分的陈述可知,这份报告披露:与全部的电子垃圾
相比,其中含有的稀有金属比例很低,但仍然比以自然状态存在的矿物中的含量要高。

其中隐含的意思是:这些电子垃圾中的稀有金属值得好好利用。

因此选B项。

2.B细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“totransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibility...fromthegovernment...totheproducers.”可知,这种责任应该由政府延伸到生产商。

因此选B项。

3.D主旨大意题。

通读全文可知,面对越来越多的电子垃圾,主要的问题是:由谁来做
些什么。

也就是如何管理(manage),因此选D项。

Ⅱ.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。

作者多年的港口领航员工作经历让其感悟到:没
有团队合作就绝不会取得成功。

正如远洋航行的万吨巨轮要想安全入港停泊,还得依靠小小拖船的帮助一样。

1.C此处用in构成短语bringin,表示巨型豪华游轮引航入港。

2.A轮船当然需要“安全地(safely)”停靠港口。

3.D由前面“Sometimesthisrequirestwotugs(拖船),sometimesmanymore”可知,需要“根据(dependon)”潮汐和天气的状况来确定用多少拖船。

4.B作者认为大多数人都“无疑,不用说(nodoubt)”曾看到过这些拖船。

5.A由后面as引导的原因状语从句可知,此处作者所要说明的是拖船所做的工作似乎没有意义。

makesense表示“有意义”。

6.D拖船所做的工作似乎没有意义的原因是:巨轮一停泊到位,下牢锚链,拖船也就“完
成了(done)”任务。

7.C由下一句可知,作者有几次将巨轮引航入港都感觉自己很了不起。

8.A由作者所做的工作可知,此处说明的是他好像是在“控制(incontrolof)”一个价值数
百万美元的巨轮。

9.D此处指巨轮的“主人(owners)”。

即:巨轮的主人依靠作者将其安全停泊。

10.B根据常识可知,无论多少拖船都应协调一致,统一去“移动(move)”。

11.B拖船的统一行动都是听从作者“发出(send)”的鸣笛信号。

12.A这些笛声组成了一种如同口语一样的语言,是拖船可以“依赖的(dependable)”。

13.D后面说明的是这些信号几乎没有被误解可知,此处是说明原因。

14.C拖船船长干活是根据他所“收到(receive)”的信号。

15.D拖船船长完全根据他所收到的“一切信号(everything)”,对作者充分信任。

16.C由前面说明可知,拖船船长和作者之间相互信任,“总是(always)”使问题得以解决。

17.C根据上文说明可知,此处作者所强调的是“团队协作(teamwork)”。

18.A由后面“Imusthavethehelp”可知,作者说明的是今天的成功一定有同事的帮助。

19.B由上文说明可知,远洋的巨轮需要依靠小的拖船的“帮助(help)”。

20.C由上文可知,巨轮需停泊在“港口(port)”。

Ⅲ.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了世界上最大的海洋——太平洋的基本情况。

rgest由常识及“oftheEarth’soceans”可知,此处应用最高级。

2.coveringcover和句子主语thePacificOcean之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词做状语。

3.from表示太平洋从北方的北极一直延伸到南方的南极洲。

from...to...“从……到……”。

4.majoritythemajorityof...“大多数……”。

5.The指靠近赤道的水,故特指,应用定冠词the。

6.abundant修饰后面的precipitation,故应用形容词abundant表示“大量的”。

7.generally根据句子结构可知,此处应用副词做状语。

8.which此处用which引导定语从句,指代前面整个主句的内容。

9.areharvested说明一般情况应用一般现在时态,而harvest和句子主语之间为被动关系,故应用被动语态。

10.mentioning(be)worthdoing表示“值得做”。

Ⅳ.Onepossibleversion:
DearSir/Madam,
I’mLiHua,aChinesestudenttakingsummercoursesinyouruniversity.
Everythingisgoingwell.IenjoyallthecoursesherebutoneofferedbyProfessorMartinBygat e.Ihavedifficultyunderstandinghiminclass.Hehasaverystrongaccent,whichmakesithardform etofollowhiminclass.Ifeelworriedaboutthis.IwastoldthatIcangototheLearningCenterforhelp. I’mwonderingifIcouldcomeonWednesdayandFridayafternoon.Ihavenoclassesthenandcan managetocomeforhelpandsuggestions.PleaseletmeknowwhichtimeisOKwithyouviathetelep honenumber12345678.
Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.
Yours,
LiHua。