美国文学史 作者作品完整版

1.

The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.

2.Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)

❖One of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

❖Franklin was a leading author and printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, satirist, civic activist

❖Franklin gained international renown as a scientist for his famous experiments in electricity.

❖In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, "In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat.”

❖To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become."

❖Na thanial Hawthorne remarked that Franklin’s axioms “teach men but a very small portion of their duties… They are all about getting money or saving it.”

❖Lawrence didn’t believe that Franklin’s idea that man can be perfected, saying that it would be like the “perfectibility of the Ford car.” (Studies in Classic American Literature) Other book:Poor Richard's Almanack 穷理查的年鉴

Autobiography

❖Four parts

❖Part One of the Autobiography is addressed to Franklin's son William(1771)

❖Franklin began Part Two in 1784, giving a more detailed account of his public library plan and lists 13 virtues

❖Third part started in 1788 about his Almanac, Junto.

❖The last part was written in 1789, yet not finished

A number of "firsts"

❖It is considered the first popular self-help book ever published.

❖It was the first and only work written in American before the 19th century that has retained bestseller popularity since its release.

❖It was the first major secular American autobiography.

❖It is also the first real account of the American Dream in action as told from a man who experienced it firsthand. This form would be copied numerous times throughout American history.

Benjamin Franklin's Thirteen Virtues

1.TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.

节制。食不过饱；饮酒不醉。

2. SILENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.

缄默。言则于人于己有益，不作无益闲聊。

3. ORDER. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.

秩序。各样东西放在一定地方；各项日常事务应有一定的处理时间。

4. RESOLUTION. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.

决断。事情当做必做；既做则坚持到底。

5. FRUGALITY. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing.

节俭。花钱须于人于己有益，即不浪费。

6. INDUSTRY. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.

勤勉。不浪费时间；每时每刻做有用之事，戒除一切不必要的行动。

7. SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.

诚恳。不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话也应诚实。

8. JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.

正直。不做不利他人之事，切勿忘记履行对人有益的义务而伤害他人。

9. MODERATION. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.

中庸。勿走极端；受到应有的处罚，应当加以容忍。

10. CLEANLINESS. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloths, or habitation.

整洁。身体、衣服和住所应力求清洁。

11.TRANQUILLITY. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.

平静。勿因琐事或普通而不可避免的事件而烦恼。

12. CHASTITY. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.

节欲。切戒房事过度，勿伤害身体或有损自己或他人的安宁或名誉。

13. HUMILITY. Imitate Jesus and Socrates.

谦逊。效法耶稣和苏格拉底。

3.Washington Irving (1783-1859)

❖The father of the American short story

❖The first author to be able to support himself through his publications

❖The first American writers who gained an international reputation by writing short stories.

❖William Makepeace Thackeray described him, “the first ambassador sent by the new world of letters to the old.”

Works

❖ A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty by Diedrich

Knickerbocker 1809《纽约外史》

❖The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent《见闻札记》

❖“Rip Van Winkle” 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》

❖“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《睡谷传说》

❖Bracebridge Hall 1822 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》

❖Oliver Goldsmith 1840《哥尔德斯密斯》

❖Life of George Washington 1855-1859 《华盛顿传》

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Main characters

❖Ichabod Crane

❖Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt

❖Katrina Van Tassel