2020届中考英语二轮复习《第4讲名词冠词代词》讲义

名词、冠词、代词【知识点睛】 一、名词_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⎧⎪⇒⎧⎧⎪⎨⎪⎪⇒⎩⎪⎨⎨⎪⇒⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⇒⎪⎩⎩⎩分类数名词______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⎧⎧⎪⎪⇒⎧⎨⎪⎨⎨⎪⇒⎩⎩⎪⎪⇒⎩⎧⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩⎩不可数名词所有格句法功能作定语、同位语、补语、状语⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩⎩难点1：某国人变复数难点3：名词作定语运动会：a _________ meeting two _________ meetings服装店：a _________ store two _________ stores男教师：a _________ teacher two _________ teachers女医生：a _________ doctor five _________ doctors★★除这个别名词外，其余名词作定语要用_________，如“许多苹果树many _________ trees”。

二、冠词（一）冠词分类__________、__________、__________（二）不定冠词的用法1.用于单数可数名词前，泛指“某一、任一”2.用于序数词(除first外)前，表示“再一、又一”3.用于固定搭配中：a few/little/bit; have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest; (感冒)______________;(玩得高兴)_______________; in a hurry; for a while; keep a diary; (帮助某人) ____________（三）定冠词的用法1.the表示特指__________________：Kim has a cat. The cat is black._____________________：Let’s go to the supermarket!____________________：I know the girl in red.2.the表示“独一无二”3.the + 序数词，eg: on _____ second floor4.the + 形容词原级，表示“一类人”，eg: 老人：__________5.the + 形容词比较级，______ ______ (tall) of the two boys6.the + 形容词最高级，eg: ______ most beautiful city7.the + 年份的复数，表示某年代，in the 1990s8.用在姓氏的复数前，指代一家人或夫妻，eg: 格林一家_______9.西洋乐器的名词前加 play ______ piano10.由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the，eg: the Great Wall11.用在固定短语中：in the morning/afternoon/evening; in the daytime; in the end; (一直)____________; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; (在……岁时)____________; at the beginning of; on the other side of; in the middle of; at the moment（四）零冠词的用法1.不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词。

Man can’t live without water.Horses are domestic animals.2.某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。

China is a great country.Mary lives in New York.3.名词前已有名词所有格，物主代词或this, that, every修饰时，用零冠词。

Every student likes English in our ______ class.A. aB. anC. theD. /4.在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词，但若特指某年的某月或某年的某季节时，要在月份、季节前加the。

June 1st is Children’s Day.Spring comes after winter.He was born in _______ autumn of 1990.5.表示称呼或表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语时用零冠词。

This is Professor Li.6.三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前用零冠词。

have _______ breakfast play ______ football Do you like ______ English?7.“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的名词前用零冠词。

Huanghe Road8.by + 交通工具，交通工具名词前使用零冠词。

by _______ bus on _______ bus9.在公共假日、节日名词前用零冠词。

New Year’s Day, Women’s Day10.在某些固定短语中：day and night; face to face; side by side; step by step; at school / work / home; (在危险中)___________; in bed; in time; at noon/night/dawn; (值日)__________难点1：用a还是an ?a用在以___________开头的单词或字母前an用在以___________开头的单词或字母前在26个字母中，单个字母前用不定冠词an的有____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____以字母U开头的常见单词____ university ____ useful book ____ ugly man ____ umbrella____ unhappy man ____ unusual story ____ used car难点2：名词被such, half, what, many, so, how, too, quite, rather, very等修饰时，不定冠词的位置问题例如：___ such ___ honest ___ boyhalf hour what nice day very interesting story many manso nice girl how nice film quite good book rather useful tool三、代词（一）人称代词、物主代词、反身代词难点1：代词的用法This morning ______(她) invited _______(我) to _______(她的) birthday party. The party is _______(她的), not _______(我的).难点2：反身代词的常用短语自学___________________ 自学___________________苏醒___________________ 独自___________________随便吃___________________ 玩得愉快___________________伤着某人自己___________________难点3：人称代词主格作主语的语序单数形式(二、三、一) _______, _______ and _______ (I, he/she, you) 复数形式(一、二、三) _______, _______ and _______(we, they, you)承认错误时(第一人称放前) _______ and _______ (I, John)难点4：人称代词it用法小结1.指代前面提到过的事物。

Do you use your dictionary now? Can I borrow _______?Mom, my friend has a beautiful skirt. I want _______, too.2.用来代替指示代词this或that。

—Wha t’s this?—_______ a pen.3.指不明性别的婴儿或不明身份的人。

Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who _______ is.4.指时间或季节。

—What’s the time now? —It’s ten o’clock.5.表天气。

—What’s the weather like? —It’s sunny.6.表距离。

How far is it from home to school?7.用作___________。

It is adj. (for / of sb.) + to do sth.It’s on e’s turn / duty to do sth.It’s adj. that…8.用作形式宾语 Do you think/find _______ + adj. to do sth.?（二）疑问代词Who wants to go with me? who作_______、_______Who are you talking about? To whom are you talking?宾从：Can you tell me ___________________________________?Whose book is this? whose作_______—What’s your father? —He is a worker. what询问_______—Who is that girl? —She is my sister. who询问_______—What would you like? —I’d like a cup of juice. what没有_______Which do you like, spring or summer? which有_______(which指一定范围内，特指的人或物)（三）不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。