2020届中考英语二轮复习《第4讲名词冠词代词》讲义

名词、冠词、代词

【知识点睛】 一、名词

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⎨⎪⇒⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⇒⎪⎩⎩⎩分类数名词________________

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不可数名词所有格句法功能作定语、同位语、补语、状语⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪

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难点1：某国人变复数

难点3：名词作定语

运动会：a _________ meeting two _________ meetings

服装店：a _________ store two _________ stores

男教师：a _________ teacher two _________ teachers

女医生：a _________ doctor five _________ doctors

★★除这个别名词外，其余名词作定语要用_________，如“许多苹果树many _________ trees”。

二、冠词

（一）冠词分类__________、__________、__________

（二）不定冠词的用法

1.用于单数可数名词前，泛指“某一、任一”

2.用于序数词(除first外)前，表示“再一、又一”

3.用于固定搭配中：

a few/little/bit; have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest; (感冒)______________;

(玩得高兴)_______________; in a hurry; for a while; keep a diary; (帮助某人) ____________

（三）定冠词的用法

1.the表示特指

__________________：Kim has a cat. The cat is black.

_____________________：Let’s go to the supermarket!

____________________：I know the girl in red.

2.the表示“独一无二”

3.the + 序数词，eg: on _____ second floor

4.the + 形容词原级，表示“一类人”，eg: 老人：__________

5.the + 形容词比较级，______ ______ (tall) of the two boys

6.the + 形容词最高级，eg: ______ most beautiful city

7.the + 年份的复数，表示某年代，in the 1990s

8.用在姓氏的复数前，指代一家人或夫妻，eg: 格林一家_______

9.西洋乐器的名词前加 play ______ piano

10.由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the，eg: the Great Wall

11.用在固定短语中：

in the morning/afternoon/evening; in the daytime; in the end; (一直)____________; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; (在……岁时)____________; at the beginning of; on the other side of; in the middle of; at the moment

（四）零冠词的用法

1.不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词。

Man can’t live without water.

Horses are domestic animals.

2.某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。

China is a great country.

Mary lives in New York.

3.名词前已有名词所有格，物主代词或this, that, every修饰时，用零冠词。

Every student likes English in our ______ class.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

4.在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词，但若特指某年的某月或某年的某季节时，要在月

份、季节前加the。

June 1st is Children’s Day.

Spring comes after winter.

He was born in _______ autumn of 1990.

5.表示称呼或表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语时用零冠词。

This is Professor Li.

6.三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前用零冠词。

have _______ breakfast play ______ football Do you like ______ English?

7.“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的名词前用零冠词。

Huanghe Road

8.by + 交通工具，交通工具名词前使用零冠词。

by _______ bus on _______ bus

9.在公共假日、节日名词前用零冠词。

New Year’s Day, Women’s Day

10.在某些固定短语中：

day and night; face to face; side by side; step by step; at school / work / home; (在危险中)___________; in bed; in time; at noon/night/dawn; (值日)__________

难点1：用a还是an ?

a用在以___________开头的单词或字母前

an用在以___________开头的单词或字母前

在26个字母中，单个字母前用不定冠词an的有____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____